Article(id=1210676788028633997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1210676785113600955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.05.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1611763200000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-28, revisedDate=1616688000000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766577439552, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1622131200000, pubDateStr=2021-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766577439552, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766577439552, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766577439552, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210676785113600955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='425', pageEnd='530', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766577438858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766718730270, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211269404306838321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1210676785113600955, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211269404306838322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1210676785113600955, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=425, endPage=431, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210676789056238488, articleId=1210676788028633997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=IR-820 loaded phase transition nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging and photodynamic effect on fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis in vitro, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the photodynamic effect of IR-820 and perfluoropentane (PFP) loaded phase-transition multifunctional molecular imaging probe (IR-820/PFP@PLGA NPs) on ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Methods The IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification method. The basic characteristics, thermal phase transition and photothermal effect of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were determined, the ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging ability in vitro of the IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were observed, and the generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro were evaluated. The photodynamic therapy effect of the nanoparticles on fibroblast-like synoviocytes was observed by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry. Results The prepared IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were dark green, with a particle size of (261.8±3.2) nm and a potential of (–27.4±0.7) mV. The size of the IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were uniform and the morphology were regular. The size of nanoparticles and the temperature of nanoparticle solution increased obviously by laser irradiation, it was positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles, and enhanced ultrasound imaging was observed. The photoacoustic imaging effect of nanoparticle was linearly correlated with the concentration of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles; The singlet oxygen sensor green(SOSG) assay revealed that the nanoparticles produced a large amount of reactive oxygen species after laser irradiation with time-dependent manner; it was found by in vitro cell experiments that the nanoparticles had good biological safety, while the cytotoxicity increased along with the advanced nanoparticle concentration after laser irradiation, and also the apoptosis increased significantly. Conclusion IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles have a good dual-mode imaging and photodynamic effect on FLSs, which can provide a new idea for the integration of diagnosis and treatment for RA.

, correspAuthors=Shen-Yin Zhu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨载IR-820及全氟正戊烷(PFP)的相变型多功能分子影像探针(IR-820/PFP@PLGA)在体外的超声/光声双模态显像特性及其对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力效应。方法 采用双乳化法制备IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒,检测其基本表征、热致相变及光热效应,观察该纳米粒在体外的超声/光声双模态成像能力,评估其活性氧生成能力,采用CCK-8法和流式细胞术观察纳米粒对成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力治疗效果。结果 制备出的IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒呈墨绿色,粒径为(261.8±3.2) nm,电位为(–27.4±0.7) mV,大小较均一,形态较规则;纳米粒经热处理后体积明显增大。经激光辐照后,纳米粒溶液温度上升,且与浓度呈正相关,并可观察到其超声成像明显增强;同时纳米粒的光声成像效果与其浓度呈线性相关;单线态荧光(SOSG)法检测显示纳米粒在激光辐照后产生大量活性氧并具有辐照时间依赖性。体外细胞实验发现,纳米粒具有良好的生物安全性,而在激光辐照后其细胞毒性随浓度升高而增加,并可引起明显的细胞凋亡。结论 IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒具有良好的体外双模态成像能力及对成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力效应,可为类风湿关节炎诊疗一体化提供新的思路。

, correspAuthors=朱深银, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
朱深银,E-mail:
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梁竹西,硕士研究生,主要从事类风湿关节炎光动力治疗方面的研究

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Polymer hybrid magnetic nanocapsules encapsulating IR820 and PTX for external magnetic field-guided tumor targeting and multifunctional theranostics[J]. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(7): 2479-2491., articleTitle=Polymer hybrid magnetic nanocapsules encapsulating IR820 and PTX for external magnetic field-guided tumor targeting and multifunctional theranostics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210676798422118755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=117, issue=null, pageStart=301, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Vandghanooni S, Eskandani M, Barar J, journalName=Eur J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vandghanooni S, Eskandani M, Barar J, et al. Recent advances in aptamer-armed multimodal theranostic nanosystems for imaging and targeted therapy of cancer[J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2018, 117: 301-312., articleTitle=Recent advances in aptamer-armed multimodal theranostic nanosystems for imaging and targeted therapy of cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210676798493421925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=17, pageStart=7921, pageEnd=7924, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Shi Y, van der Meel R, Chen X, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Y, van der Meel R, Chen X, et al. The EPR effect and beyond: Strategies to improve tumor targeting and cancer nanomedicine treatment efficacy[J]. 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A. 纳米粒光镜图(×100);B. 纳米粒透射电镜图(×10 000);C. 纳米粒粒径分布;D. IR-820紫外吸收光谱;E. IR-820标准曲线

, figureFileSmall=ZwO/+uj2JfaLKoyde8Vmww==, figureFileBig=gHKphRBo1IH1ydjzky9z+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676794856960217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Thermal phase transition and photothermal effect of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles (n=3), figureFileSmall=b/8sPaJsj04O2nEO9r2Tyg==, figureFileBig=Lz4fmH13/wz8+aTn+SA+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676794995372254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=CN, label=图2, caption=IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒热相变及光热效应观察(n=3)

A. 纳米粒热致相变;B. 808 nm激光辐照(1 W/cm2、5 min)不同浓度纳米粒的升温情况,与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与31.25 μg/ml比较,(2)P<0.05;与62.5 μg/ml比较,(3)P<0.05;与125 μg/ml比较,(4)P<0.05;C. 808 nm激光辐照(1 W/cm2、5 min)不同组的升温情况,与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与PFP@PLGA组比较,(2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=b/8sPaJsj04O2nEO9r2Tyg==, figureFileBig=Lz4fmH13/wz8+aTn+SA+oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795066675428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles in vitro (n=3), figureFileSmall=D5YQN+xdk67Asus2RYpOQQ==, figureFileBig=NTwNjkkttDcJuKmv5csDZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795163144425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=CN, label=图3, caption=体外IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒超声/光声成像观察(n=3)

US. 超声;CEUS. 增强超声;A. 不同组B型超声及增强超声成像图;B. B型超声成像图灰度值分析,与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与IR-820组比较,(2)P<0.05;与辐照前比较,(3)P<0.05;C. 增强超声成像图灰度值分析,与其他各组比较,(1)P<0.05;D. 体外光声成像及光声信号值与纳米粒浓度的关系

, figureFileSmall=D5YQN+xdk67Asus2RYpOQQ==, figureFileBig=NTwNjkkttDcJuKmv5csDZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795238641900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Reactive oxygen species of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles (n=3), figureFileSmall=Hat0JOL+RDxjtRiH1eyo/w==, figureFileBig=Ab/qTMZj+QsXudtQldtX6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795347693808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=CN, label=图4, caption=IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒活性氧生成能力检测结果(n=3)

SOSG. 单线态荧光;A. SOSG检测808 nm激光辐照(1 W/cm2、5 min)不同浓度纳米粒的活性氧产生情况,与0 μg/ml比较,(1)P<0.05;与31.25 μg/ml比较,(2)P<0.05;与62.5 μg/ml比较,(3)P<0.05;与125 μg/ml比较,(4)P<0.05;B. 纳米粒活性氧产生情况与激光辐照时间的关系,与辐照0 s比较,(1)P<0.05;与辐照30 s比较,(2)P<0.05;与辐照60 s比较,(3)P<0.05;与辐照90 s比较,(4)P<0.05;与辐照120 s比较,(5)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Hat0JOL+RDxjtRiH1eyo/w==, figureFileBig=Ab/qTMZj+QsXudtQldtX6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795431579890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The photodynamic therapeutic effect of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles, figureFileSmall=ohHfadl8OXtNmNYkzueeEg==, figureFileBig=Oo3sC+5+pt4OeTfhnx4TQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210676795511271670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1210676788028633997, language=CN, label=图5, caption=IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒的光动力治疗结果

A. CCK-8法检测纳米粒作用24 h对FLSs细胞活性的影响(n=5);B. CCK-8法检测激光辐照对纳米粒作用24 h后FLSs细胞活性的影响(n=5),与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与31.25 μg/ml比较,(2)P<0.05;与62.5 μg/ml比较,(3)P<0.05;与125 μg/ml比较,(4)P<0.05;C. 流式细胞仪检测FLSs细胞凋亡情况(n=3)

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载IR-820相变型纳米粒双模态成像及其对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞光动力效应的体外研究
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梁竹西 1 , 何欣雨 1 , 常淑芳 2 , 王志刚 3 , 郝兰 3 , 李发琪 3 , 朱深银 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(5): 425-431
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(5): 425-431
载IR-820相变型纳米粒双模态成像及其对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞光动力效应的体外研究
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梁竹西1, 何欣雨1, 常淑芳2, 王志刚3, 郝兰3, 李发琪3, 朱深银1, *
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第一医院药学部,重庆 400016
  • 2重庆医科大学附属第二医院妇产科,重庆 400010
  • 3超声分子影像学重庆市医学重点实验室,重庆 400010
  • 梁竹西,硕士研究生,主要从事类风湿关节炎光动力治疗方面的研究

通讯作者:

朱深银,E-mail:
IR-820 loaded phase transition nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging and photodynamic effect on fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis in vitro
Zhu-Xi Liang1, Xin-Yu He1, Shu-Fang Chang2, Zhi-Gang Wang3, Lan Hao3, Fa-Qi Li3, Shen-Yin Zhu1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  • 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
  • 3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
出版时间: 2021-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.05.01
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目的 探讨载IR-820及全氟正戊烷(PFP)的相变型多功能分子影像探针(IR-820/PFP@PLGA)在体外的超声/光声双模态显像特性及其对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力效应。方法 采用双乳化法制备IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒,检测其基本表征、热致相变及光热效应,观察该纳米粒在体外的超声/光声双模态成像能力,评估其活性氧生成能力,采用CCK-8法和流式细胞术观察纳米粒对成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力治疗效果。结果 制备出的IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒呈墨绿色,粒径为(261.8±3.2) nm,电位为(–27.4±0.7) mV,大小较均一,形态较规则;纳米粒经热处理后体积明显增大。经激光辐照后,纳米粒溶液温度上升,且与浓度呈正相关,并可观察到其超声成像明显增强;同时纳米粒的光声成像效果与其浓度呈线性相关;单线态荧光(SOSG)法检测显示纳米粒在激光辐照后产生大量活性氧并具有辐照时间依赖性。体外细胞实验发现,纳米粒具有良好的生物安全性,而在激光辐照后其细胞毒性随浓度升高而增加,并可引起明显的细胞凋亡。结论 IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒具有良好的体外双模态成像能力及对成纤维样滑膜细胞的光动力效应,可为类风湿关节炎诊疗一体化提供新的思路。

纳米粒  /  双模态成像  /  光动力治疗  /  新吲哚菁绿  /  全氟正戊烷  /  成纤维样滑膜细胞

Objective To investigate the photodynamic effect of IR-820 and perfluoropentane (PFP) loaded phase-transition multifunctional molecular imaging probe (IR-820/PFP@PLGA NPs) on ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Methods The IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification method. The basic characteristics, thermal phase transition and photothermal effect of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were determined, the ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging ability in vitro of the IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were observed, and the generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro were evaluated. The photodynamic therapy effect of the nanoparticles on fibroblast-like synoviocytes was observed by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry. Results The prepared IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were dark green, with a particle size of (261.8±3.2) nm and a potential of (–27.4±0.7) mV. The size of the IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles were uniform and the morphology were regular. The size of nanoparticles and the temperature of nanoparticle solution increased obviously by laser irradiation, it was positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles, and enhanced ultrasound imaging was observed. The photoacoustic imaging effect of nanoparticle was linearly correlated with the concentration of IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles; The singlet oxygen sensor green(SOSG) assay revealed that the nanoparticles produced a large amount of reactive oxygen species after laser irradiation with time-dependent manner; it was found by in vitro cell experiments that the nanoparticles had good biological safety, while the cytotoxicity increased along with the advanced nanoparticle concentration after laser irradiation, and also the apoptosis increased significantly. Conclusion IR-820/PFP@PLGA nanoparticles have a good dual-mode imaging and photodynamic effect on FLSs, which can provide a new idea for the integration of diagnosis and treatment for RA.

nanoparticles  /  dual-mode imaging  /  photodynamic therapy  /  new indocyanine green (IR-820)  /  perfluoropentane  /  fibroblast-like synoviocytes
梁竹西, 何欣雨, 常淑芳, 王志刚, 郝兰, 李发琪, 朱深银. 载IR-820相变型纳米粒双模态成像及其对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞光动力效应的体外研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (5) : 425 -431 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.05.01
Zhu-Xi Liang, Xin-Yu He, Shu-Fang Chang, Zhi-Gang Wang, Lan Hao, Fa-Qi Li, Shen-Yin Zhu. IR-820 loaded phase transition nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging and photodynamic effect on fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis in vitro[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (5) : 425 -431 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.05.01
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)[1-2]是一种自身免疫反应所致的慢性进行性关节滑膜炎性病变,常累及关节、关节软骨及周围软组织,病程反复,致残率高,严重危害人类健康,早诊断、早治疗是其治疗的关键[3-4]。RA病程进展的主要原因为关节滑膜组织成纤维样滑膜细胞(fibroblast-like synoviocytes,FLSs)[5]及巨噬细胞样滑膜细胞具有类似肿瘤细胞的高增殖、侵袭、迁移及抗凋亡特征,如能早期监测FLSs的异常增殖并进行干预,对缓解RA病程具有重要意义。
近年来,基于某种光敏剂(如卟啉及卟啉衍生物等)在特定波长的激光辐照后产生具有杀伤作用的单线态氧和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)[6]的光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy,PDT)[7-8]已广泛应用于体表肿瘤的治疗。通过PDT治疗具有类似于肿瘤组织病理特性的RA滑膜炎病变,有望缓解RA的病程进展。目前,RA关节病变的影像学诊断方式主要以单一成像模式(X线、CT、MRI、超声)为主,存在各种弊端,可导致早期病变的诊断准确性不高。因此,探索多模态超声分子成像[9]对RA滑膜炎早期病变的诊断价值具有重要临床意义。本研究拟采用双乳化法制备包载IR-820[10]和全氟正戊烷(perfluoropentane,PFP)[11]的聚乳酸羟基乙酸(poly lactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)纳米粒(IR-820/PFP@PLGA),一方面基于IR-820的光热转换性能促使PFP相变,赋予该纳米粒增强超声成像的能力,实现RA滑膜病变的超声成像及光声成像诊断;另一方面基于IR-820的光动力作用,使IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒能对RA滑膜病变中增殖及炎症激活的FLSs细胞进行光动力治疗,以探索RA滑膜病变诊疗一体化的可能。
羧基端乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA-COOH,分子量12 kD,聚合比50:50)购自济南岱罡生物工程有限公司,异丙醇、IR-820购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司,全氟正戊烷(perfluoropentane,PFP)购自北京百灵威科技有限公司,胰酶细胞消化液、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,二氯甲烷购自重庆川东化工公司,琼脂糖购自美国Life Technologies公司,酶标仪、单线态氧荧光(SOSG)探针、DMEM 培养基购自美国ThermoFisher公司,胎牛血清购自美国HyClone公司,RA FLSs MH7A细胞株购自北京BioVector NTCC公司,CCK-8试剂盒购自日本东仁公司。倒置光学显微镜购自日本Olympus公司,马尔文粒径分析仪购自英国Malvern公司,UV-2550紫外分光光度计、荧光分光光度计购自美国Agilent公司,Sonics & Materials声振仪购自美国Sonic公司,808 nm激光仪购自西安中川光电科技有限公司,Mylab 90超声诊断仪购自意大利百胜公司,光声成像仪购自加拿大Visual Sonics公司,透射电子显微镜购自日本Hitachi公司,热成像仪购自上海Fotric公司,流式细胞仪购自美国BDInflux公司。
将2 ml浓度为25 mg/ml PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液、1 ml浓度为2 mg/ml IR-820水溶液、200 ml PFP混合,用声振仪声振3 min后,加入5 ml 5% PVA水溶液,再声振3 min后,用磁力搅拌器搅拌4 h,使二氯甲烷充分挥发。最后用低温离心机离心洗涤至上清澄清后获得IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒,4℃保存备用。制备全过程避光冰浴。
将IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒用去离子水重悬,稀释100倍后通过光学显微镜观察纳米粒的形态及分布,透射电子显微镜观察纳米粒的微观形态;马尔文粒径仪及Zeta电位分析仪检测其粒径及电位;紫外分光光度计记录IR-820的吸收光谱并以最高吸收峰绘制标准曲线。用紫外分光光度计检测纳米粒IR-820包封率及载药量。纳米粒IR-820包封率(%)=(投入IR-820总量—上清液中IR-820量)/投入IR-820总量×100%;载药量(%)=(投入IR-820总量—上清液中IR-820量)/纳米粒总量×100%。
纳米粒的热致相变:取适量稀释100倍的纳米粒于载玻片上,用加热板加热至不同温度(25、45、50、55、60℃),倒置显微镜(×100)下观察纳米粒的变化情况。纳米粒的光热效应:采用808 nm激光(1 W/cm2、5 min)分别辐照不同浓度(31.25、62.5、125、250 μg/ml)纳米粒溶液,以PBS为对照,采用热成像仪监测温度变化。同时为探讨纳米粒中不同成分的升温情况,设置对照组(PBS)、PFP@PLGA组(PLGA浓度为10 mg/ml)、IR-820组(IR-820浓度为250 μg/ml)、IR-820/PFP@PLGA组,采用热成像仪监测各组的温度变化。
将PBS、IR-820溶液(IR-820浓度为250 μg/ml)及IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒溶液(IR-820浓度为250 μg/ml)分别注入3%琼脂凝胶模型中,采用超声诊断仪检测超声辐照前后的超声成像效果,并用DFY组织灰度检测软件测量分析灰度值。
将不同浓度(31.25、62.5、125、250、500 μg/ml)IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒溶液注于3%琼脂凝胶模型中,用Vevo LAZR 光声成像仪检测激光辐照前后各组的光声成像效果,并对光声信号进行定量分析。
将含50×10–6 SOSG的不同浓度(0、31.25、62.5、125、250 μg/ml)IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒的3 ml溶液加入10 ml EP管内,并用1.0 W/cm2的激光辐照3 min,采用荧光分光光度计检测其荧光值(激发波长504 nm,发射波长525 nm);为探索纳米粒产生活性氧的含量与激光辐照时间是否具有相关性,将含有50×10–6 SOSG的浓度为250 μg/ml的IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒用1.0 W/cm2的激光辐照不同时间(0、30、60、90、120、150 s),采用荧光分光光度计记录其荧光值。
MH7A FLSs用含有15%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,所有实验均使用对数生长期细胞。将MH7A细胞于96孔板铺板(1×104个/孔),设置对照组(PBS)及不同浓度纳米粒组(31.25、62.5、125、250 μg/ml)。细胞孵育至贴壁后换成100 μl含有不同浓度纳米粒的新鲜培养液(n=5)继续孵育24 h,加入含有10% CCK-8的无血清培养液孵育4 h,采用酶标仪记录450 nm波长处的的吸光度,并进行统计分析。
纳米粒光动力作用对细胞活性的影响采用CCK-8法检测。除加入不同纳米粒进行激光辐照(1 W/cm2,90 s)处理外,其余过程与1.6相同。通过对纳米粒体外热效应及活性氧生成能力的分析,最终实验选用纳米粒浓度250 μg/ml、激光(1 W/cm2)辐照90 s的条件进行光动力治疗。将MH7A细胞接种于12孔板,实验分为四组(n=3):(1)对照组;(2)单纯激光组;(3)IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒组(浓度为250 μg/ml;(4)IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒(浓度为250 μg/ml)+激光组。待细胞贴壁后,加入PBS或纳米粒共孵育24 h,用PBS冲洗未结合的纳米粒,加入等量新鲜培养液后进行激光辐照(1 W/cm2,90 s),孵育24 h后收集细胞,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染5 min后,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。
采用GraphPad 8软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多样本均数比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒液肉眼呈墨绿色乳液,光镜下可见纳米粒大小均匀、分散性较好(图1A),透射电镜可见纳米粒呈类圆形黑色球体(图1B)。马尔文粒径仪检测结果显示,IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒粒径为(261.8±3.2) nm(图1C),电位为(–27.4±0.7) mV;紫外分光光度计见IR-820在680 nm处具有明显的吸收峰,通过不同浓度的IR-820溶液在680 nm处的吸光度,绘制IR-820的标准曲线Y=0.068X+0.029,R2=0.997(图1D、E)。并通过标准曲线计算出纳米粒IR-820的包封率为72.15%±0.43%,载药量为7.61%±0.63%。
光镜观察到常温(25℃)时纳米粒溶液呈均匀的点状纳米颗粒,随着溶液温度上升,可见纳米颗粒逐渐变成纳米微泡,即纳米粒包载的PFP发生热致相变(图2A)。通过热红外成像仪记录用808 nm激光辐照的不同浓度纳米粒,可见经激光辐照后纳米粒溶液的温度随其浓度增高而增加,溶液温度最高可达到50℃以上,说明体外激光辐照能激发纳米粒发生液气相变(PFP相变29℃左右,图2B)。热红外成像结果显示,IR-820组、IR-820/PFP@PLGA组激光辐照后溶液出现类似温度升高,从侧面证实纳米粒成功包载了IR-820(图2C)。
超声诊断仪成像显示,对照组、IR-820溶液组及IR-820/PFP@PLGA组在激光辐照前的超声及造影模式均呈低回声信号。激光辐照后,对照组、IR-820溶液组的超声和造影模式图像仍呈低回声信号,仅IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒的超声和造影模式图像回声信号明显增强,DFY软件定量测量显示了相同的结果(图3A-C)。同时,光声成像仪可观察到纳米粒的光声信号随纳米粒的浓度升高而增强,定量分析显示两者呈线性关系(图3D)。
已知SOSG在体外与活性氧结合会生成SOSG-EP,表现为荧光强度值增加。激光辐照后,SOSG的荧光值随纳米粒浓度升高而增加(P<0.05,图4A)。同时,当纳米粒浓度固定时(如250 μg/ml),SOSG的荧光值随激光辐照时间延长而增加(图4B)。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,不同浓度(31.25、62.5、125、250 μg/ml)纳米粒作用24 h后FLSs的细胞活性与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图5A)。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,经激光辐照后,FLSs的细胞活性随纳米粒浓度升高呈下降趋势,当纳米粒浓度为250 μg/ml时,细胞活性约为对照组的55%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图5B)。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,IR-820/PFP@PLGA+激光组细胞凋亡率为40.66%,而对照组、单纯激光组和IR-820/PFP@PLGA组均未见明显的细胞凋亡(图5C)。
类风湿关节炎的病理改变主要为受累关节滑膜组织增殖及炎症破坏,其治疗目标为阻断或延缓滑膜炎症增生的病理生理过程[12-14]。RA病程进展的主要原因是具有类似肿瘤细胞的高增殖率、侵袭、迁移及抗凋亡特征的FLSs[15]过度增殖,因此早期监测及干预FLSs的异常增殖对缓解甚至治愈RA具有重要意义。IR-820为吲哚菁绿的类似物,被称为新吲哚菁绿,具有良好的光声成像、光热效应及光动力效应,可用于疾病的光声成像诊断及PDT治疗研究。同时,PFP(沸点为29℃)可随温度升高由液态相变为气态,是近年来超声造影剂研究的重点,被大量用于增强超声成像研究。光动力治疗[16]的原理是某种光敏剂在特定波长的激光辐照后产生活性氧,可杀伤FLSs细胞,进而促进FLSs的凋亡。但由于目前RA的影像学诊断方式主要以单一成像模式为主,对早期病变的诊断准确性不高,因此,探索多模态分子成像[17]对诊断RA具有重要意义。
本研究制备的IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒具有光热效应及光动力效应,且能够增强超声成像和光声成像能力,对RA体外模型中的FLSs细胞具有光动力杀伤作用。本研究结果显示,IR-820/PFP@PLGA纳米粒在溶液中呈墨绿色,大小均一,形态规则,粒径为(261.8±3.2) nm,电位为(–27.4±0.7) mV;纳米粒IR-820包封率为72.15%±0.43%,载药量为7.61%±0.63%。体外热致相变实验发现,纳米粒颗粒可随外界温度升高而发生液气相变,体积逐渐增大;同时,体外光热效应研究发现,纳米粒浓度为250 μg/ml、激光辐照约100 s,纳米粒温度可达到50℃并维持5 min,足以使纳米粒包载的PFP热致相变,呈现增强超声成像能力,可用于疾病的光热治疗。虽然RA滑膜炎病变类似于肿瘤,但考虑到滑膜异常增生及炎症激活表型的滑膜组织与周围正常组织边界不太清晰,以及光热效应[18]可能对周围正常组织细胞活性产生不利影响,本研究通过控制激光辐照时间尽量降低纳米粒的光热效应。体外活性氧生成实验结果显示,纳米粒活性氧生成量与纳米粒浓度及激光辐照时间呈正相关。此外,本研究还发现纳米粒浓度为250 μg/ml时,激光辐照3 min的荧光值稍高于辐照5 min的荧光值,这可能与荧光淬灭有关。
通过纳米粒体外双模态成像和光动力治疗研究发现,激光辐照后纳米粒光声成像效果与其浓度呈线性关系,纳米粒的B型超声、增强超声成像效果较对照组及辐照前明显增强。纳米粒FLSs细胞活性实验发现,单纯纳米粒与FLSs细胞孵育24 h后,实验组细胞活性与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,说明该纳米粒在体外对滑膜细胞具有较高的生物安全性,可用于后续实验。然而,纳米粒组经激光辐照90 s后细胞活性呈下降趋势,当纳米粒浓度为250 μg/ml时,细胞活性已降低至55%。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,激光介导纳米粒组的细胞凋亡率达40.66%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。
综上所述,本研究采用双乳化法成功制备出包载PFP[19]和IR820[20]的PLGA纳米粒(IR820/PFP@PLGA),在激光辐照后可使局部温度升高,从而增强超声成像能力,同时激光与IR820作用可产生具有杀伤作用的活性氧,促进FLSs细胞的凋亡。但若想将该纳米粒应用于临床仍然面临诸多问题。首先是纳米粒在体内的安全性,如是否会在体内聚集形成栓塞或者引起肝肾衰竭等;其次是纳米粒的靶向性,该实验设计的纳米粒表面未连接相关配体[21],即使应用到体内也主要是利用局部病理组织的高渗透长滞留效应(enhanced permeability and retention effect,EPR)[22],缺乏靶向特异性。因此,在后续的研究中可探索将相应的配体连接到纳米粒表面,以提高纳米粒的靶向特异性,并确保其良好的体内生物安全性,为RA的诊疗提供新的思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81972439)
  • 重庆市基础研究与前沿探索项目(cstc2018jcyjAX0223)
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2021年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.05.01
  • 接收时间:2021-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2021-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-28
  • 修回日期:2021-03-26
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972439)
国家自然科学基金(81972439)
Chongqing Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Project(cstc2018jcyjAX0223)
重庆市基础研究与前沿探索项目(cstc2018jcyjAX0223)
作者信息
    1重庆医科大学附属第一医院药学部,重庆 400016
    2重庆医科大学附属第二医院妇产科,重庆 400010
    3超声分子影像学重庆市医学重点实验室,重庆 400010

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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