Article(id=1209198308111807239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.09, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1610899200000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-18, revisedDate=1613577600000, revisedDateStr=2021-02-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766224942471, onlineDateStr=2025-12-20, pubDate=1624809600000, pubDateStr=2021-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766224942471, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766224942471, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766224942471, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209198303988813828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='531', pageEnd='636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766224941489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766225124231, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209199070531424860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209199070531424861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=587, endPage=592, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209198309105857331, articleId=1209198308111807239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Diagnostic value of peripheral DDAVP irritant test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the peripheral 1-de-amino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (hereinafter referred as DDAVP)irritant test as the best cut-off point for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's disease and ectopic adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone(ACTH) syndrome (hereinafter referred as EAS), so as to explore the value of peripheral DDAVP irritant test in differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Methods The clinical data of 102 cases with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, diagnosed in the Endocrinology Department of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed, including 93 cases with Cushing's disease (Cushing's disease group) and 9 cases with EAS (EAS group). Based on the ROC curve, the blood ACTH level after stimulation was used as the detection variable, and the diagnosis result of Cushing's disease was used as the status variable to search the best cut-off point for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The sensitivity and specificity were analyzed of the peripheral DDAVP irritant test in the differential diagnosis of EAS and Cushing's disease at different cut-off points. Results Compared with Cushing's disease group, the course of disease was shorter and the basic blood cortisol and ACTH values were higher in EAS group with statistical significance (P<0.05). On the ROC curve, taking the increase by 33.6% of ACTH after stimulation as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity for Cushing's disease and EAS were 98.9% and 55.6%, respectively, which were the best cut-off point. With the increase of blood ACTH value after stimulation, the sensitivity for diagnosing Cushing's disease decreased. If the increase by 20.0% of blood cortisol value after stimulation as the cut-off point simultaneously, then, the sensitivity for diagnosing Cushing's disease decreased and the specificity not increased. Thus, the blood ACTH was more specific than the blood cortisol. If taking the increase by 33.6% of the blood ACTH after peripheral DDAVP stimulation test, as well as the greater than or equal to 50.0% of the blood cortisol suppression ratio (or urinary free cortisol suppression ratio) in classical high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) were taken as cut-off points, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome were 73.3% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion When taking the increase by 33.6% of blood ACTH after peripheral DDAVP stimulation as the cut-off point, the sensitivity was the highest in diagnosing Cushing's disease, so this method can be used as a screening test for and improve the detection rate of Cushing's disease.

, correspAuthors=Qing-Hua Guo, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 分析外周1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素(DDAVP)刺激试验鉴别诊断库欣病与异位促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)综合征(EAS)的最佳截断点,探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科确诊的ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的102例患者的临床资料,其中库欣病组93例,EAS组9例。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以刺激后血ACTH水平为检测变量,以是否为库欣病为状态变量,寻找诊断库欣病的最佳截断值。以不同切点探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验鉴别库欣病与EAS的敏感度及特异度。结果 与库欣病组比较,EAS组病程较短,基础血皮质醇及血ACTH较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线中以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度、特异度分别为98.9%及55.6%,为最佳截断值。随着刺激后血ACTH的升高,诊断库欣病的敏感度下降,若同时以刺激后血皮质醇升高幅度≥20.0%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度下降,特异度未见升高,故血ACTH较血皮质醇特异度更高。若以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%,以及经典大剂量地塞米松抑制试验(HDDST)血皮质醇抑制率(或尿游离皮质醇抑制率)≥50.0%为切点,鉴别ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的敏感度和特异度分别为73.3%和87.5%。结论 以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度最高,可作为库欣病的筛查试验,提高库欣病的检出率。

, correspAuthors=郭清华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郭清华,E-mail:
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杨彩彩,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌及代谢性疾病方面的研究

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杨彩彩,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌及代谢性疾病方面的研究

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杨彩彩,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌及代谢性疾病方面的研究

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Natl Med J China, 2016, 96(11): 845-849., articleTitle=Value of desmopressin stimulation test and high dose dexamethasone suppression testin the etiologic diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209198320023630001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=96, issue=11, pageStart=845, pageEnd=849, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=张微微, 余叶蓉, 谭惠文, journalName=中华医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[张微微, 余叶蓉, 谭惠文, 等. 精氨酸血管加压素刺激试验与大剂量地塞米松抑制试验在库欣病与异位促肾上腺皮质激素综合征诊断中的价值[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2016, 96(11): 845-849.], articleTitle=精氨酸血管加压素刺激试验与大剂量地塞米松抑制试验在库欣病与异位促肾上腺皮质激素综合征诊断中的价值, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209198320103321778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=740, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Varlamov EV, McCartney S, journalName=Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Varlamov EV, McCartney S, et al. 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Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 1997, 47(5): 623-627., articleTitle=Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to desmopressin in vivo and in vitro, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209198317871951994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=81570705, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570705), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198317960032381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=81570705, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(81570705), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318039724158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=ZDYF2018117, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Project in Hainan Province(ZDYF2018117), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318148776065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=ZDYF2018117, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2018117), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318236856453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=2017YW16, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Innovation Project in Sanya City(2017YW16), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318329131141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=2017YW16, language=CN, fundingSource=三亚科技创新项目(2017YW16), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318433988741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=15A200071, language=EN, fundingSource=Topic of Hainan Health and Family Planning Commission(15A200071), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198318517874824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, awardId=15A200071, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省卫计委课题(15A200071), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209198310032798581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198310041187190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, companyId=1209198310032798581, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198310049575801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, companyId=1209198310032798581, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209198310129267585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198310137656195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, companyId=1209198310129267585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198310146044803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, companyId=1209198310129267585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2榆林市第一医院内分泌科,陕西 榆林 719000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209198315669942361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of blood cortisol and blood ACTH before and after DDAVP stimulation, figureFileSmall=TRraUgBGrM9I5pLmGdcVrQ==, figureFileBig=MKZdtYUQeGwhHTxYmdW4vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198315753828444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两组血皮质醇及血ACTH在DDAVP刺激前后的变化幅度

EAS. 异位ACTH综合征;ACTH. 促肾上腺皮质激素;DDAVP. 1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素

, figureFileSmall=TRraUgBGrM9I5pLmGdcVrQ==, figureFileBig=MKZdtYUQeGwhHTxYmdW4vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198315950960737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=ROC curves of blood ACTH and blood cortisol used in diagnosis of Cushing's disease after DDAVP stimulation, figureFileSmall=gJM9P/rgdcfo8PdOp1QR9w==, figureFileBig=T5Z6SgBE3n9v7dHT+gV9EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198316039041124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=CN, label=图2, caption=以DDAVP刺激后血ACTH及血皮质醇水平诊断库欣病的ROC曲线

DDAVP. 1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素;ACTH. 促肾上腺皮质激素

, figureFileSmall=gJM9P/rgdcfo8PdOp1QR9w==, figureFileBig=T5Z6SgBE3n9v7dHT+gV9EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198317297332327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

General data of patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目库欣病组(n=93)EAS组(n=9)P
男/女(例)11/825/40.003
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)37.1±12.847.3±18.80.031
病程[月,M(Q1Q3)]12.00(8.00,26.74)3.50(2.75,8.25)0.001
血皮质醇(nmol/L,$\bar{x}±s$)772.36±376.821502.42±1043.400.022
血ACTH[pmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]12.65(8.20,21.03)38.75(18.83,49.35)0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1209198317402189931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ACTH依赖性库欣综合征患者一般资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目库欣病组(n=93)EAS组(n=9)P
男/女(例)11/825/40.003
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)37.1±12.847.3±18.80.031
病程[月,M(Q1Q3)]12.00(8.00,26.74)3.50(2.75,8.25)0.001
血皮质醇(nmol/L,$\bar{x}±s$)772.36±376.821502.42±1043.400.022
血ACTH[pmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]12.65(8.20,21.03)38.75(18.83,49.35)0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1209198317473493103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison in differential diagnosis of Cushing's disease and EAS with different ACTH elevation as cut-off point after DDAVP stimulation test (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断切点敏感度特异度阴性预测值阳性预测值
刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%98.955.683.395.8
刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%97.955.671.495.8
刺激后血ACTH升高≥50.0%65.666.715.895.3
刺激后血ACTH升高≥100.0%49.566.711.393.9
刺激后血皮质醇升高≥20.0%92.333.330.093.3
刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%且刺激后血皮质醇升高≥20.0%92.355.641.795.5
), ArticleFig(id=1209198317557379186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

外周DDAVP刺激试验不同ACTH升高切点鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的比较(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断切点敏感度特异度阴性预测值阳性预测值
刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%98.955.683.395.8
刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%97.955.671.495.8
刺激后血ACTH升高≥50.0%65.666.715.895.3
刺激后血ACTH升高≥100.0%49.566.711.393.9
刺激后血皮质醇升高≥20.0%92.333.330.093.3
刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%且刺激后血皮质醇升高≥20.0%92.355.641.795.5
), ArticleFig(id=1209198317658042485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The value of HDDST in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's disease and EAS (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断标准敏感度特异度阴性预测值阳性预测值
血皮质醇和24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%62.090.097.825.0
血皮质醇抑制率≥50.0%64.283.396.822.7
24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%73.280.096.329.6
DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%及24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%73.387.597.292.3
), ArticleFig(id=1209198317771288696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198308111807239, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HDDST鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的价值(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
诊断标准敏感度特异度阴性预测值阳性预测值
血皮质醇和24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%62.090.097.825.0
血皮质醇抑制率≥50.0%64.283.396.822.7
24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%73.280.096.329.6
DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%及24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%73.387.597.292.3
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外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值
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杨彩彩 1, 2 , 郭清华 1, * , 窦京涛 1 , 王先令 1 , 吕朝晖 1 , 谷伟军 1 , 程愈 1 , 杨国庆 1 , 杜锦 1 , 巴建明 1 , 母义明 1
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2021,46(6): 587-592
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2021, 46(6): 587-592
外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值
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杨彩彩1, 2, 郭清华1, * , 窦京涛1, 王先令1, 吕朝晖1, 谷伟军1, 程愈1, 杨国庆1, 杜锦1, 巴建明1, 母义明1
作者信息
  • 1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853
  • 2榆林市第一医院内分泌科,陕西 榆林 719000
  • 杨彩彩,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌及代谢性疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

郭清华,E-mail:
Diagnostic value of peripheral DDAVP irritant test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome
Cai-Cai Yang1, 2, Qing-Hua Guo1, * , Jing-Tao Dou1, Xian-Ling Wang1, Zhao-Hui Lv1, Wei-Jun Gu1, Yu Cheng1, Guo-Qing Yang1, Jin Du1, Jian-Ming Ba1, Yi-Ming Mu1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
出版时间: 2021-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.09
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目的 分析外周1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素(DDAVP)刺激试验鉴别诊断库欣病与异位促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)综合征(EAS)的最佳截断点,探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科确诊的ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的102例患者的临床资料,其中库欣病组93例,EAS组9例。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以刺激后血ACTH水平为检测变量,以是否为库欣病为状态变量,寻找诊断库欣病的最佳截断值。以不同切点探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验鉴别库欣病与EAS的敏感度及特异度。结果 与库欣病组比较,EAS组病程较短,基础血皮质醇及血ACTH较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线中以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度、特异度分别为98.9%及55.6%,为最佳截断值。随着刺激后血ACTH的升高,诊断库欣病的敏感度下降,若同时以刺激后血皮质醇升高幅度≥20.0%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度下降,特异度未见升高,故血ACTH较血皮质醇特异度更高。若以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%,以及经典大剂量地塞米松抑制试验(HDDST)血皮质醇抑制率(或尿游离皮质醇抑制率)≥50.0%为切点,鉴别ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的敏感度和特异度分别为73.3%和87.5%。结论 以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度最高,可作为库欣病的筛查试验,提高库欣病的检出率。

DDAVP刺激试验  /  库欣病  /  促肾上腺皮质激素  /  异位ACTH综合征  /  ACTH依赖性库欣综合征

Objective To analyze the peripheral 1-de-amino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (hereinafter referred as DDAVP)irritant test as the best cut-off point for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's disease and ectopic adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone(ACTH) syndrome (hereinafter referred as EAS), so as to explore the value of peripheral DDAVP irritant test in differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Methods The clinical data of 102 cases with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, diagnosed in the Endocrinology Department of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed, including 93 cases with Cushing's disease (Cushing's disease group) and 9 cases with EAS (EAS group). Based on the ROC curve, the blood ACTH level after stimulation was used as the detection variable, and the diagnosis result of Cushing's disease was used as the status variable to search the best cut-off point for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The sensitivity and specificity were analyzed of the peripheral DDAVP irritant test in the differential diagnosis of EAS and Cushing's disease at different cut-off points. Results Compared with Cushing's disease group, the course of disease was shorter and the basic blood cortisol and ACTH values were higher in EAS group with statistical significance (P<0.05). On the ROC curve, taking the increase by 33.6% of ACTH after stimulation as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity for Cushing's disease and EAS were 98.9% and 55.6%, respectively, which were the best cut-off point. With the increase of blood ACTH value after stimulation, the sensitivity for diagnosing Cushing's disease decreased. If the increase by 20.0% of blood cortisol value after stimulation as the cut-off point simultaneously, then, the sensitivity for diagnosing Cushing's disease decreased and the specificity not increased. Thus, the blood ACTH was more specific than the blood cortisol. If taking the increase by 33.6% of the blood ACTH after peripheral DDAVP stimulation test, as well as the greater than or equal to 50.0% of the blood cortisol suppression ratio (or urinary free cortisol suppression ratio) in classical high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) were taken as cut-off points, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome were 73.3% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion When taking the increase by 33.6% of blood ACTH after peripheral DDAVP stimulation as the cut-off point, the sensitivity was the highest in diagnosing Cushing's disease, so this method can be used as a screening test for and improve the detection rate of Cushing's disease.

the DDAVP stimulation test  /  Cushing's disease  /  adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone  /  ectopic ACTH syndrome  /  ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome
杨彩彩, 郭清华, 窦京涛, 王先令, 吕朝晖, 谷伟军, 程愈, 杨国庆, 杜锦, 巴建明, 母义明. 外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (6) : 587 -592 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.09
Cai-Cai Yang, Qing-Hua Guo, Jing-Tao Dou, Xian-Ling Wang, Zhao-Hui Lv, Wei-Jun Gu, Yu Cheng, Guo-Qing Yang, Jin Du, Jian-Ming Ba, Yi-Ming Mu. Diagnostic value of peripheral DDAVP irritant test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (6) : 587 -592 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.09
促肾上腺皮质激素(adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone,ACTH)依赖性库欣综合征的常见病因为库欣病及异位ACTH综合征(ectopic ACTH syndrome,EAS),其中库欣病约占70%,EAS约占10%[1-2],男女比例约为1:(2~8),两者治疗方法差异较大。目前,可用于鉴别ACTH依赖性库欣综合征病因的手段并不多,尤其是对于隐匿性EAS与库欣病的鉴别。岩下窦静脉取血是鉴别诊断的金标准,但因其为有创性检查,且技术要求高,限制了其临床应用[3]。临床上较常用的大剂量地塞米松抑制试验(HDDST)有较高的敏感度,80%~90%的库欣病患者可被大剂量地塞米松抑制,但仍有10%~20%的库欣病患者不能被大剂量地塞米松所抑制,使其与EAS的鉴别诊断成为难点[1]。而1-去氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素(1-de-amino-8-D-arginine vasopressin,DDAVP)是一种长效血管加压素类似物,外周DDAVP刺激试验近年来已被用于EAS与库欣病的鉴别诊断[4-5]。本研究总结分析了解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科近4年采用外周DDAVP刺激试验诊断ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的临床资料,旨在探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验鉴别库欣病及EAS的价值。
回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科明确诊断为ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的102例患者的临床资料,其中库欣病组93例,EAS组9例,所有患者均进行了血ACTH-皮质醇节律、24 h尿游离皮质醇(24hUFC)、HDDST及外周DDAVP刺激试验,以及胸部CT、肾上腺CT及垂体MRI动态增强扫描,EAS组患者均行PET-CT检查。本研究经解放军总医院第一医学中心伦理委员会审核通过,所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
(1)患者ACTH依赖性库欣综合征诊断明确,诊断标准参考2011年库欣综合征专家共识[1];(2)库欣病组均行垂体腺瘤切除术,术后均行免疫组化染色ACTH(+),且术后库欣症状改善;(3)EAS手术者,手术切除原发病灶后行免疫组化染色ACTH(+),术后库欣症状改善;EAS未行手术者,岩下窦/静脉采血(BIPSS)提示岩下窦血ACTH/外周血ACTH<2。
试验第1天8:00时采血测血ACTH及血皮质醇,同时留取24 h尿液测定24hUFC作为基础值;试验开始后口服地塞米松2 mg,6 h/次,连服2 d,并于口服地塞米松次日再次测定24hUFC,试验结束日8:00时再次采血测血ACTH和血皮质醇。结果判断:试验后24hUFC或血皮质醇值较基础值下降≥50.0%者为能被抑制,<50%者为不能被抑制。
患者安静平卧,肘静脉置管,早上8:00予10 μg DDAVP静脉推注,在刺激前15 min、0 min,刺激后15、30、45、60、90、120 min时分别抽取血液测定外周血ACTH及皮质醇水平。阳性判断标准:刺激后血ACTH水平较基础值升高≥35%,血皮质醇水平较基础值升高≥20.0%,判断试验结果为阳性。
血ACTH采用化学发光法检测,中位参考值为24 pg/ml,95%CI参考值为未检测到~46 pg/ml(1 pg/ml×0.222=1 pmol/L)。血皮质醇及24hUFC采用直接化学发光免疫分析法检测,参考区间:7:00~9:00血皮质醇为145.4~619.4 nmol/L,15:00~17:00血皮质醇为94.9~462.4 nmol/L,24hUFC为57.7~806.8 nmol/L。影像学检查:胸部CT、肾上腺CT、垂体MRI动态增强扫描及正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)检查均在解放军总医院第一医学中心影像科完成,BIPSS联合DDAVP刺激试验及手术后病理切片和ACTH免疫组化染色由固定专业人员完成。
采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析,以GraphPad Prism软件绘制图表。计量资料符合正态分布时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布时以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH较基础值升高水平对库欣病与EAS的鉴别价值采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
库欣病组93例,男11例,女82例,男女比例1:7.5,年龄11~62(37.1±12.8)岁;EAS组9例,男5例,女4例,年龄23~73(47.3±18.8)岁。两组年龄、病程、血ACTH及血皮质醇水平比较差异均有统计学意义(表1)。所有库欣病患者均行经鼻蝶窦垂体腺瘤切除术,术后病理检查均确诊为垂体腺瘤。EAS组9例中,纵隔肿瘤4例,胰头占位、肾脏区、肾上腺、肺部各1例,未能明确原发病灶(岩下窦/外周血ACTH<2)1例。
库欣病组DDAVP刺激前血ACTH为(15.95±10.87) pmol/L,刺激后血ACTH峰值为(71.98±70.12) pmol/L,较刺激前升高351.3%,其中有74例(79.6%)患者在刺激后15~30 min出现高峰,17例(18.3%)在刺激后45 min时出现高峰,2例(2.2%)在刺激后45~90 min出现高峰,在刺激后90~120 min血ACTH均出现下降趋势;库欣病组刺激前血皮质醇为(772.36±376.82) nmol/L,刺激后血皮质醇峰值为(1088.87±364.77) nmol/L,较刺激前升高70.9%,其中33例(35.5%)在刺激后15~30 min出现高峰,43例(46.2%)在刺激后45~60 min出现高峰,17例(18.3%)在刺激后90~120 min出现高峰。而EAS组刺激前血ACTH为38.75(18.83,49.35) pmol/L、血皮质醇为(1502.42±1043.40) nmol/L,刺激后血ACTH为143.50(23.80,197.50) pmol/L、血皮质醇为(2003.69±1471.36) nmol/L,血ACTH刺激前后差异无统计学意义(P=0.136),而血皮质醇刺激后较刺激前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。EAS组刺激前血ACTH及血皮质醇水平高于库欣病组(P=0.000),但在DDAVP刺激后库欣病组患者的血ACTH变化幅度较大,刺激前后差异有统计学意义(图1)。
以DDAVP刺激后血ACTH水平为检测变量,以是否为库欣病为状态变量,将状态变量值定为1,绘制ROC曲线,取敏感度和特异度之和最大的点作为最佳诊断切点(最佳截断值),此时刺激后的血ACTH水平较基础值升高≥33.6%,敏感度及特异度分别为98.9%和55.6%,曲线下面积为0.709,约登指数为0.545;以刺激后血皮质醇水平较基础值升高≥31.7%为切点时,诊断库欣病的敏感度及特异度之和最大(约登指数0.482),敏感度及特异度分别为88.24%和60.0%(图2),提高血皮质醇增长幅度后,诊断库欣病的敏感度下降,特异度未见明显升高,可见外周DDAVP刺激试验后血ACTH较血皮质醇更具临床价值。
ROC曲线分析显示,以外周DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点时曲线下面积最大,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度为98.9%;若采用专家共识推荐的切点(刺激后血ACTH较刺激前升高≥35.0%),鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度为97.9%,特异度为55.6%;如若同时满足刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%和刺激后血皮质醇升高≥20.0%,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度及特异度分别为92.3%及55.6%(表2)。
以血皮质醇抑制率≥50.0%作为判断标准,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度、特异度分别为64.2%、83.3%,以24hUFC抑制率≥50.0%作为判断标准,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度、特异度分别为73.2%、80.0%。若以外周DDAVP刺激试验后血ACTH升高≥33.6%及经典HDDST血皮质醇抑制率(或24hUFC抑制率)≥50.0%为切点,鉴别ACTH依赖性库欣综合征的敏感度和特异度分别为73.3%和87.5%,诊断库欣病的符合率升高(表3)。
以往鉴别库欣病与EAS的试验主要包括HDDST及促肾上腺激素释放激素(CRH)刺激试验。2011年库欣综合征专家共识提出的以HDDST鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度为60%~80%,特异度为80%~90%,敏感度较低,假阴性率较高[1]。CRH价格昂贵,且在国内市场无销售。DDAVP作为一种长效血管加压素类似物有三种受体,分别是精氨酸加压素受体(AVPR)1a、AVPR1b及AVPR2。库欣病患者瘤体表面有高度表达的AVPR1b,与AVP结合后可促进垂体ACTH瘤分泌ACTH,而在健康人、肥胖者及EAS患者中反应很小或无反应[6-13]。Luque等[8]通过分子生物学研究证实,在库欣病患者的瘤体表面存在阿片促黑素皮质素原(POMC)及AVPR1b,其表达水平与血ACTH及血皮质醇呈正相关,而AVPR1a或AVPR2的表达与库欣病患者血ACTH及血皮质醇的变化无相关性。基于上述研究结果,临床上已将外周DDAVP刺激试验作为ACTH依赖性库欣综合征病因诊断的定位试验。2011年库欣综合征专家共识将刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%、血皮质醇升高≥20.0%作为试验的阳性判断指标[1]。本研究旨在分析ACTH依赖性库欣综合征患者在DDAVP刺激试验后的最佳切点,结合库欣综合征专家共识及国内外研究成果,探讨外周DDAVP刺激试验在ACTH依赖性库欣综合征鉴别诊断中的价值。
本研究中,若以刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点,则诊断库欣病的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值及阳性预测值分别为98.9%、55.6%、83.3%及95.8%,若采用专家共识中推荐的切点(刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%),则诊断库欣病的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值及阳性预测值分别为97.9%、55.6%、71.4%及95.8%,本研究的切点与专家共识中推荐的切点接近。茅江峰等[14]研究纳入库欣病28例,EAS(文献搜索)患者13例,在外周DDAVP刺激后,以刺激后血ACTH水平较基础值升高50%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为82%、62%、82%、62%。本研究中,若以刺激后血ACTH水平较基础值升高≥50.0%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为65.6%、66.7%、15.8%、95.3%。本研究结果与茅江峰学者的研究相比,特异度接近,但敏感度下降。张微微等[15]发现,以DDAVP刺激后血ACTH峰值较基线值升高≥35.0%且血皮质醇峰值较基线值升高≥20.0%为切点,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度、特异度分别为87%、100%,本研究与其相比,敏感度升高,但特异度下降。Hinojosa-Amaya等[16]发现,以DDAVP刺激后血ACTH从基线增加>37 pg/ml为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度及特异度分别为88.0%、96.4%,以血皮质醇绝对值较基础值增加(7.0~7.4) μg/dl为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度及特异度分别为68.0%、95.0%。本研究中,若以刺激后血皮质醇升高≥31.7%为切点,诊断库欣病的敏感度及特异度分别为88.2%、60.0%,与采用血ACTH进行诊断相比其敏感度下降,特异度未见明显升高,可见血ACTH较血皮质醇特异度更高。在本研究中,以DDAVP刺激试验鉴别库欣病与EAS的特异度较低,可能与本研究EAS样本量较少,且数据变异程度较大有关。
本研究中,若以血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点,约44.4%的EAS患者在DDAVP刺激试验中呈阳性,这与既往研究结果相似。Suda等[17]对73例库欣病和15例EAS行外周DDAVP刺激试验,结果显示,86%的库欣病患者血ACTH水平明显升高,但也有44%的EAS患者对DDAVP刺激试验呈阳性反应。Terzolo等[18]对库欣病、EAS患者及健康人进行DDAVP刺激试验,以刺激后ACTH升高≥35.0%为切点,发现约40%的EAS患者结果为阳性。2011年库欣综合征专家共识提到,DDAVP刺激试验后,若以刺激后血ACTH升高≥35.0%、血皮质醇升高≥20.0%为阳性判断标准,有20%~50%的EAS患者对DDAVP呈阳性反应[1]。Terzolo等[18]同时在其研究中总结了Newell-Price等[19]及Arlt等[20]学者的研究结果,均提示在DDAVP刺激后有部分EAS患者血ACTH及血皮质醇水平不同程度地升高。以上研究结果均与本研究结果相近,可见以DDAVP刺激试验鉴别库欣病与EAS的特异度较低,假阳性率较高。如外周DDAVP刺激试验后血ACTH升高幅度较基础值升高≥33.6%,且HDDST试验后血皮质醇或24 hUFC抑制率≥50.0%,鉴别诊断库欣病与EAS的敏感度及特异度分别为73.3%、87.5%,诊断库欣病的符合率升高,与张微微等[15]研究相比,特异度降低,考虑与本研究EAS组患者较少,数据变异大有关,这也是本研究的不足之处。为避免数据偏倚较大对试验结果的影响,后续可采取多中心研究加以验证。
本研究结果显示,库欣病组79.6%的患者血ACTH在DDAVP刺激后15~30 min达高峰,18.3%的患者在刺激后45 min时出现高峰,在刺激后90~120 min血ACTH均出现下降趋势,而仅有35.5%患者的血皮质醇在刺激后15~30 min达高峰,可见在外周DDAVP刺激试验中,血ACTH升高的价值优于血皮质醇升高。由于在刺激后90~120 min血ACTH水平开始下降,建议缩短试验时间,以减少医疗费用。
综上所述,以DDAVP刺激后血ACTH升高≥33.6%为切点,鉴别库欣病与EAS的敏感度最高,与2011年库欣综合征专家共识中推荐的切点较为一致。外周DDAVP刺激试验在鉴别库欣病与EAS时敏感度较高,进一步证实外周DDAVP刺激试验可作为库欣病定位诊断的筛查试验。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81570705)
  • 海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2018117)
  • 三亚科技创新项目(2017YW16)
  • 海南省卫计委课题(15A200071)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.09
  • 接收时间:2021-01-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-20
  • 出版时间:2021-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-18
  • 修回日期:2021-02-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570705)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81570705)
Key Research and Development Project in Hainan Province(ZDYF2018117)
海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2018117)
Science and Technology Innovation Project in Sanya City(2017YW16)
三亚科技创新项目(2017YW16)
Topic of Hainan Health and Family Planning Commission(15A200071)
海南省卫计委课题(15A200071)
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    1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853
    2榆林市第一医院内分泌科,陕西 榆林 719000

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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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