Article(id=1209198306517971685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1614614400000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-02, revisedDate=1618848000000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766224942092, onlineDateStr=2025-12-20, pubDate=1624809600000, pubDateStr=2021-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766224942092, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766224942092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766224942092, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209198303988813828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='531', pageEnd='636', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766224941489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766225124231, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209199070531424860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209199070531424861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209198303988813828, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=563, endPage=573, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209198306857710322, articleId=1209198306517971685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of ivermectin in enhancing oxaliplatin against colon cancer drug-resistant cells, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of ivermectin (Ive) in enhancing oxaliplatin (L-OHP) against colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells. Methods In vitro establishment of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with L-OHP low-concentration gradient increasing and low-concentration L-OHP (4 μmol/L) continuous culture. Set control group, L-OHP 25 μmol/L group, and L-OHP 25 μmol/L combined with 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L Ive groups, and used MTT assay to detect cell viability. Set control group, L-OHP 25 μmol/L group, L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group, and L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group, and use cloning experiment to detect cell clone formation ability and flow cytometry apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high expression of NF-κB p65 was constructed by LPS induction(setting control group, LPS group, LPS+L-OHP group, LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group), using lentiviral transfection to construct a colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high PXR expression (setting control group, Ad-PXR group, Ad-PXR+L-OHP group, Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group), Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein levels. Twenty nude mice were injected subcutaneously with HCT116/L-OHP cells to establish a colon cancer drug-resistant cell transplantation tumor model and were divided into control group, L-OHP group, Ive group and Ive+L-OHP group, 5 mice in each group, and the tumor volume was calculated, the tumor weight was measured, and use immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in the tumor tissues. Results Ive can potentiate L-OHP to inhibit colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells proliferation and clone formation (P<0.05), and promote colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells apoptosis and cell cycle S phase block (P<0.05).Western blotting showed that, in colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells, the expression levels of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp proteins in L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in control group, those in L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than in L-OHP group (P<0.05). In the HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high NF-κB p65 expression, the expression levels of the NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and the LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in LPS group (P<0.05). In HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high PXR expression, the expression levels of the NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in Ad-PXR group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP group, those in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group (P<0.05). In vivo experimental results showed that Ive can cooperate with L-OHP to inhibit the growth of HCT116/L-OHP cells xenograft tumors (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the relative expression density of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in the tumor tissues of Ive group, L-OHP group and Ive+L-OHP group was lower than that of control group. The L-OHP group and Ive+L-OHP group were lower than those in Ive group, and the Ive+L-OHP group were lower than those in L-OHP group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ive can enhance the effect of L-OHP against colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells, and its potential mechanism of action is to reduce the mediating effect of P-gp protein on L-OHP resistance by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB p65/PXR signaling pathway.

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目的 探讨伊维菌素(Ive)对奥沙利铂(L-OHP)抗结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增效作用及其机制。方法 利用L-OHP低浓度梯度递增和低浓度L-OHP(4 μmol/L)持续培养的方法建立结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型,设置空白对照组,L-OHP 25 μmol/L组以及L-OHP 25 μmol/L联合1、2、4、8 μmol/L Ive组,采用MTT法检测细胞活力;设置空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组,采用克隆实验检测细胞克隆形成能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期分布情况,Western blotting检测核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)、孕烷X受体(PXR)和P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达水平。采用LPS诱导构建NF-κB p65高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型(设置空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+L-OHP组、LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组),采用慢病毒转染构建PXR高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型(设置空白对照组、Ad-PXR组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组),Western blotting检测各组细胞NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平。20只裸鼠皮下注射HCT116/L-OHP细胞建立结肠癌耐药细胞移植瘤模型,设置空白对照组、L-OHP组、Ive组及Ive+L-OHP组,每组5只,计算肿瘤体积,测量肿瘤重量,采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达情况。结果 Ive可增效L-OHP抑制结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增殖和克隆形成(P<0.05),并促进结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞凋亡和S期细胞阻滞(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平低于空白对照组,且L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于L-OHP组(P<0.05)。在NF-κB p65高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平低于LPS组(P<0.05)。在PXR高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平低于Ad-PXR组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP组,且Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组(P<0.05)。体内实验结果显示,Ive可协同L-OHP抑制HCT116/L-OHP细胞移植瘤的生长(P<0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,Ive组、L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp蛋白的相对表达密度低于空白对照组,且L-OHP组、Ive+L-OHP组低于Ive组,Ive+L-OHP组低于L-OHP组(P<0.05)。结论 Ive对L-OHP抗结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞有增效作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB p65/PXR信号通路的表达,从而减弱P-gp蛋白对L-OHP耐药的介导作用。

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汤月良,副主任医师,主要从事胃肠肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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汤月良,副主任医师,主要从事胃肠肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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汤月良,副主任医师,主要从事胃肠肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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Chin J Integrat Tradit West Med Digest, 2011, 19(6): 389-393., articleTitle=Effect of Zhizhen recipe on expression of NF-κB and P-gp in human colorectal cancer line HCT-8/VCR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209198319067328670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=19, issue=6, pageStart=389, pageEnd=393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=张旭, 蔡松柏, 陈志霞, journalName=中国中西医结合消化杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[张旭, 蔡松柏, 陈志霞, 等. 至真方对人大肠癌多药耐药细胞株HCT-8/VCR中核因子-κB及P糖蛋白表达的影响[J]. 中国中西医结合消化杂志, 2011, 19(6): 389-393.], articleTitle=至真方对人大肠癌多药耐药细胞株HCT-8/VCR中核因子-κB及P糖蛋白表达的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209198314487148587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, awardId=A2019195, language=EN, fundingSource=Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(A2019195), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209198314566840367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, awardId=A2019195, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2019195), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209198309953106798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198309961495407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, companyId=1209198309953106798, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of General Surgery, Zengcheng District People's Hospital, Guangzhou 511300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209198309965689712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, companyId=1209198309953106798, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州市增城区人民医院普通外科,广州 511300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209198311400141779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Viability of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (MTT method, n=5), figureFileSmall=2fjIiloqOssQknB7Kwe23Q==, figureFileBig=XB2Z3+Q3gy8WXtcoIy2how==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198311484027863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MTT法检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的存活率(n=5)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与L-OHP 25 μmol/L组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 1 μmol/L组比较,(3)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组比较,(4)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组比较,(5)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=2fjIiloqOssQknB7Kwe23Q==, figureFileBig=XB2Z3+Q3gy8WXtcoIy2how==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198311672771548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The cloning ability of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (Cell cloning experiment, n=3), figureFileSmall=sp4rtaeWspgQo21GMCpirg==, figureFileBig=wLFlQC+T2/W40hs3d002JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198312851370975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图2, caption=细胞克隆实验检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的克隆形成能力(n=3)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与L-OHP 25 μmol/L组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=sp4rtaeWspgQo21GMCpirg==, figureFileBig=wLFlQC+T2/W40hs3d002JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198312964617190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The apoptosis rate of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (Flow cytometry, n=3), figureFileSmall=yb0FiiXUQRnjY3SMm+GOSA==, figureFileBig=dOImpfRAeMOrUUUXHs9sBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313040114667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图3, caption=流式细胞术检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的凋亡率(n=3)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与L-OHP 25 μmol/L组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=yb0FiiXUQRnjY3SMm+GOSA==, figureFileBig=dOImpfRAeMOrUUUXHs9sBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313098834927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Periodic distribution of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (Flow cytometry, n=3), figureFileSmall=0StjPdKDYAoBhJ6p/yWfjg==, figureFileBig=ysZaA8rRv+yACnnZSgpCdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313195303923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图4, caption=流式细胞术检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的细胞周期分布情况(n=3)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与L-OHP 25 μmol/L组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=0StjPdKDYAoBhJ6p/yWfjg==, figureFileBig=ysZaA8rRv+yACnnZSgpCdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313291772921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Expression levels of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp in colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=0L6ArjrlB75jNKi/+7+tXw==, figureFileBig=QiUICVv76vF4YcYeXcIQxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313384047615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图5, caption=结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp的表达水平(Western blotting)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与L-OHP组比较,(2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=0L6ArjrlB75jNKi/+7+tXw==, figureFileBig=QiUICVv76vF4YcYeXcIQxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313505681410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Expression levels of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp in colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells with high NF-κB p65 expression(Western blotting), figureFileSmall=+2Pq494YKGR/cAmgezOfDQ==, figureFileBig=Lv3XDKK8E1eiQJbKbZFPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313618927623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图6, caption=NF-κB p65高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp的表达水平(Western blotting)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与LPS组比较,(2)P<0.05;与LPS+L-OHP组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=+2Pq494YKGR/cAmgezOfDQ==, figureFileBig=Lv3XDKK8E1eiQJbKbZFPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313723785226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Expression levels of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp in colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells with high PXR expression (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=Ot+04ZN5/lFwpKCwpMGkbA==, figureFileBig=knr6fCmFAOvtX8TvDoF1nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313820254224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PXR高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp的表达水平(Western blotting)

与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与Ad-PXR组比较,(2)P<0.05;与Ad-PXR+L-OHP组比较,(3)P<0.05;与Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组比较,(4)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Ot+04ZN5/lFwpKCwpMGkbA==, figureFileBig=knr6fCmFAOvtX8TvDoF1nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198313933500434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Ivermectin synergizing L-OHP to inhibit the proliferation in vivo of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells (n=5), figureFileSmall=6YcxYAQrB+WUBglZR5dVfA==, figureFileBig=DmlsfxHYdkInwXB5AJV+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198314004803605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Ive增效L-OHP抑制结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞在体内的增殖情况(n=5)

A. 结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP耐药细胞裸鼠移植瘤;B. 肿瘤重量统计图;与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与Ive组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=6YcxYAQrB+WUBglZR5dVfA==, figureFileBig=DmlsfxHYdkInwXB5AJV+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198314063523865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The expressions of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp in tumor tissues (Immunohistochemical detection), figureFileSmall=9EV5ZmIxuX3e7z8axu9OBA==, figureFileBig=LvqtFO56XiwNH65ODnoQ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198314159992860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=图9, caption=免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp的表达情况

A. 免疫组化图;B. 肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65相对表达量;C. 肿瘤组织中PXR相对表达量;D. 肿瘤组织中P-gp相对表达量;与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与Ive组比较,(2)P<0.05;与L-OHP组比较,(3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=9EV5ZmIxuX3e7z8axu9OBA==, figureFileBig=LvqtFO56XiwNH65ODnoQ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209198314239684642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Tumor volume of nude mice with colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP resistant cells at each time point (mm3,$\bar{x}±s$, n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间空白对照组Ive组L-OHP组Ive+L-OHP组
第1天72.48±8.0070.51±10.5372.23±9.9272.22±5.45
第3天102.31±13.6991.17±10.8391.58±11.2081.98±5.11
第6天164.76±20.16132.66±11.63130.08±11.95100.18±7.96
第9天248.44±47.66171.33±17.46166.54±11.46116.91±13.57(1)
第12天438.79±86.69339.05±65.42309.71±55.09(1)160.91±50.27(1)(2)(3)
第15天755.99±96.96526.01±112.66(1)493.79±79.42(1)221.16±60.74(1)(2)(3)
第18天1054.86±129.61710.23±143.76(1)641.06±95.07(1)261.70±73.66(1)(2)(3)
第21天1432.86±170.591010.71±71.77(1)804.22±118.58(1)(2)305.99±91.47(1)(2)(3)
), ArticleFig(id=1209198314352930854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209198306517971685, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP耐药细胞裸鼠移植瘤各时间点的肿瘤体积(mm3,$\bar{x}±s$,n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间空白对照组Ive组L-OHP组Ive+L-OHP组
第1天72.48±8.0070.51±10.5372.23±9.9272.22±5.45
第3天102.31±13.6991.17±10.8391.58±11.2081.98±5.11
第6天164.76±20.16132.66±11.63130.08±11.95100.18±7.96
第9天248.44±47.66171.33±17.46166.54±11.46116.91±13.57(1)
第12天438.79±86.69339.05±65.42309.71±55.09(1)160.91±50.27(1)(2)(3)
第15天755.99±96.96526.01±112.66(1)493.79±79.42(1)221.16±60.74(1)(2)(3)
第18天1054.86±129.61710.23±143.76(1)641.06±95.07(1)261.70±73.66(1)(2)(3)
第21天1432.86±170.591010.71±71.77(1)804.22±118.58(1)(2)305.99±91.47(1)(2)(3)
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伊维菌素对奥沙利铂抗结肠癌耐药细胞的增效作用及其机制
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汤月良 , 邓冠群
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(6): 563-573
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(6): 563-573
伊维菌素对奥沙利铂抗结肠癌耐药细胞的增效作用及其机制
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汤月良, 邓冠群
作者信息
  • 广州市增城区人民医院普通外科,广州 511300
  • 汤月良,副主任医师,主要从事胃肠肿瘤的基础与临床研究

Effect and mechanism of ivermectin in enhancing oxaliplatin against colon cancer drug-resistant cells
Yue-Liang Tang, Guan-Qun Deng
Affiliations
  • Department of General Surgery, Zengcheng District People's Hospital, Guangzhou 511300, China
出版时间: 2021-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.06
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目的 探讨伊维菌素(Ive)对奥沙利铂(L-OHP)抗结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增效作用及其机制。方法 利用L-OHP低浓度梯度递增和低浓度L-OHP(4 μmol/L)持续培养的方法建立结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型,设置空白对照组,L-OHP 25 μmol/L组以及L-OHP 25 μmol/L联合1、2、4、8 μmol/L Ive组,采用MTT法检测细胞活力;设置空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组,采用克隆实验检测细胞克隆形成能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期分布情况,Western blotting检测核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)、孕烷X受体(PXR)和P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达水平。采用LPS诱导构建NF-κB p65高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型(设置空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+L-OHP组、LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组),采用慢病毒转染构建PXR高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型(设置空白对照组、Ad-PXR组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组及Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组),Western blotting检测各组细胞NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平。20只裸鼠皮下注射HCT116/L-OHP细胞建立结肠癌耐药细胞移植瘤模型,设置空白对照组、L-OHP组、Ive组及Ive+L-OHP组,每组5只,计算肿瘤体积,测量肿瘤重量,采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达情况。结果 Ive可增效L-OHP抑制结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增殖和克隆形成(P<0.05),并促进结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞凋亡和S期细胞阻滞(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平低于空白对照组,且L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于L-OHP组(P<0.05)。在NF-κB p65高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp蛋白的表达水平低于LPS组(P<0.05)。在PXR高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平低于Ad-PXR组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP组,且Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组(P<0.05)。体内实验结果显示,Ive可协同L-OHP抑制HCT116/L-OHP细胞移植瘤的生长(P<0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,Ive组、L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp蛋白的相对表达密度低于空白对照组,且L-OHP组、Ive+L-OHP组低于Ive组,Ive+L-OHP组低于L-OHP组(P<0.05)。结论 Ive对L-OHP抗结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞有增效作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB p65/PXR信号通路的表达,从而减弱P-gp蛋白对L-OHP耐药的介导作用。

伊维菌素  /  奥沙利铂  /  结肠癌  /  耐药

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of ivermectin (Ive) in enhancing oxaliplatin (L-OHP) against colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells. Methods In vitro establishment of colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with L-OHP low-concentration gradient increasing and low-concentration L-OHP (4 μmol/L) continuous culture. Set control group, L-OHP 25 μmol/L group, and L-OHP 25 μmol/L combined with 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L Ive groups, and used MTT assay to detect cell viability. Set control group, L-OHP 25 μmol/L group, L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group, and L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group, and use cloning experiment to detect cell clone formation ability and flow cytometry apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high expression of NF-κB p65 was constructed by LPS induction(setting control group, LPS group, LPS+L-OHP group, LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group), using lentiviral transfection to construct a colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high PXR expression (setting control group, Ad-PXR group, Ad-PXR+L-OHP group, Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group), Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein levels. Twenty nude mice were injected subcutaneously with HCT116/L-OHP cells to establish a colon cancer drug-resistant cell transplantation tumor model and were divided into control group, L-OHP group, Ive group and Ive+L-OHP group, 5 mice in each group, and the tumor volume was calculated, the tumor weight was measured, and use immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in the tumor tissues. Results Ive can potentiate L-OHP to inhibit colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells proliferation and clone formation (P<0.05), and promote colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells apoptosis and cell cycle S phase block (P<0.05).Western blotting showed that, in colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells, the expression levels of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp proteins in L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in control group, those in L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than in L-OHP group (P<0.05). In the HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high NF-κB p65 expression, the expression levels of the NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and the LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in LPS group (P<0.05). In HCT116/L-OHP cells model with high PXR expression, the expression levels of the NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in Ad-PXR group and Ad-PXR+L-OHP group, those in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L group were lower than those in Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L group (P<0.05). In vivo experimental results showed that Ive can cooperate with L-OHP to inhibit the growth of HCT116/L-OHP cells xenograft tumors (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the relative expression density of NF-κB p65, PXR and P-gp protein in the tumor tissues of Ive group, L-OHP group and Ive+L-OHP group was lower than that of control group. The L-OHP group and Ive+L-OHP group were lower than those in Ive group, and the Ive+L-OHP group were lower than those in L-OHP group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ive can enhance the effect of L-OHP against colon cancer HCT116/L-OHP cells, and its potential mechanism of action is to reduce the mediating effect of P-gp protein on L-OHP resistance by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB p65/PXR signaling pathway.

ivermectin  /  oxaliplatin  /  colon cancer  /  drug resistance
汤月良, 邓冠群. 伊维菌素对奥沙利铂抗结肠癌耐药细胞的增效作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (6) : 563 -573 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.06
Yue-Liang Tang, Guan-Qun Deng. Effect and mechanism of ivermectin in enhancing oxaliplatin against colon cancer drug-resistant cells[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (6) : 563 -573 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.06
全球最新的癌症统计数据显示,2020年我国结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)新发病例达56万,位居第2位,死亡29万例,位居第5位[1]。奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)是CRC常用的化疗药物[2],主要应用于转移性CRC和辅助治疗原发肿瘤完全切除的Ⅲ期(Duke's C期)结肠癌患者[3-4]。虽然L-OHP在CRC的临床治疗中起着重要作用,但其化疗效果不佳。肿瘤细胞对L-OHP的敏感性下降致使大部分CRC患者化疗后很快出现复发或转移,是造成化疗失败的重要原因之一,因此,增强CRC细胞对L-OHP的敏感性是提高CRC化疗成功率的关键。伊维菌素(ivermectin,Ive)属于阿维菌素类,是日本Kitasato研究所发现的一组16元环大环内酯类化合物。Ive为新型抗寄生虫药,广泛应用于农业、兽医和水产养殖等行业,具有高效、广谱、低毒等药理学特点[5-6]。近年来有研究报道,Ive具有抗肿瘤的作用,如可降低胶质母细胞瘤细胞的基础耗氧率和最大耗氧率,从而抑制胶质母细胞瘤的增殖[7];可通过氧化应激和DNA损伤而抑制肾癌细胞的生长[8];可逆转乳腺癌细胞和慢性髓细胞白血病细胞对阿霉素和长春新碱的耐药性[9]。此外,还可抑制胃癌细胞的迁移和侵袭[10]。由此可见,Ive在肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭及耐药等方面起着重要作用,但目前其是否可增强L-OHP抗结肠癌的作用尚不清楚。本研究建立了结肠癌耐药细胞模型,在体内外探讨Ive增强L-OHP抗结肠癌耐药细胞的作用及其机制,以期为改善L-OHP耐药结肠癌患者的预后提供新的研究思路。
RPMI 1640培养基、胰酶、青-链霉素双抗、胎牛血清购自美国Gibco公司;MTT试剂盒、细胞凋亡和细胞周期检测试剂盒、蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、ECL发光试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物科技有限公司;Ive、L-OHP、结晶紫、脂多糖(LPS)购自美国Sigma公司;PXR慢病毒购自上海汉恒生物科技有限公司;抗核因子κB p65(nuclear factor kappa-B p65,NF-κB p65)、抗孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)、抗P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)及GAPDH兔抗体购自英国Abcam公司;兔抗IgG重链和轻链抗体购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。微光分光光度计购自美国Merinton公司;Mini-Proten Tetra System电泳系统和ChemiDoc XRS+System凝胶成像仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司;ACCURI C6流式细胞仪购自美国BD公司;Tecan Infinite Pro全波长多功能酶标仪购自瑞士Tecan公司。
结肠癌HCT116细胞购自中国科学院上海细胞库。20只雄性BALB/c裸鼠(体重18~20 g)购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(沪)2017-0005],SPF级环境下饲养,温度20~25℃,相对湿度40%~70%,实验前适应性喂养1周。本研究通过广州市增城区人民医院伦理委员会审核(DW2019-004),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
结肠癌HCT116细胞培养于含10%胎牛血清和1%青-链霉素双抗的RPMI 1640培养基中,置于含5% CO2、37℃培养箱中,待细胞融合度为60%时用胰酶消化传代。
取对数生长期HCT116细胞,向培养液中加入4 μmol/L L-OHP溶液,48 h后更换新鲜培养液继续培养,待细胞恢复正常生长后传代,重复用4 μmol/L L-OHP处理48 h,L-OHP浓度每20 d增加1 μmol/L,反复诱导直至L-OHP的浓度递增至15 μmol/L,最终获得结肠癌HCT116 L-OHP耐药细胞株(HCT116/L-OHP),并培养于含4 μmol/L L-OHP、10%胎牛血清和1%青-链霉素双抗的RPMI 1640培养基中[11-12]
将HCT116/L-OHP细胞接种于96孔板中(5.0×103个/孔),联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP以及1、2、4、8 μmol/L的Ive,并设置L-OHP 25 μmol/L组和空白对照组(等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h;终止培养前4 h加入10 μl MTT(5 mg/ml)工作液,继续孵育4 h,弃去培养液,每孔加入150 μl DMSO,采用酶标仪检测490 nm处的吸光度(OD)值,计算细胞存活率。细胞存活率(%)=实验组OD/空白对照组OD×100%。根据MTT检测结果和预实验结果进行后续实验。
将HCT116/L-OHP细胞接种于6孔板中(1.0×103个/孔),联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP以及2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置L-OHP 25 μmol/L组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),14 d后终止培养,弃上清,PBS洗涤2次,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞15 min,0.1%结晶紫染色液染色20 min,计算细胞克隆数。
将HCT116/L-OHP细胞接种于6孔板中(2×105个/孔),联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP和2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置L-OHP 25 μmol/L组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h,收集细胞,PBS洗涤1次,分别加入FITC-Annexin V和PI,室温避光孵育5 min,上机检测细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡率。
将HCT116/L-OHP细胞接种于6孔板中(2×105个/孔),联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP和2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置L-OHP 25 μmol/L组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h,收集细胞,PBS洗涤1次,用250 μl预冷的PBS重悬细胞,加入750 μl预冷的无水乙醇中,–20℃下固定过夜;PBS洗涤,加入RNase A及PI染色,4℃下避光孵育30 min,上机检测细胞周期分布情况。
将HCT116/L-OHP细胞接种于6孔板中(2×105个/孔),联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP和2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置L-OHP组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h,收集细胞。
取对数生长期HCT116/L-OHP细胞,接种于6孔板中(1.0×105个/孔),待细胞贴壁后,用10 μg/ml LPS刺激6 h,联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP和2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置LPS组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h,收集细胞。
取对数生长期HCT116/L-OHP细胞,接种于6孔板中(1.0×105个/孔),待细胞贴壁后,加入腺病毒(腺病毒与细胞数量比值为300)感染细胞24 h,联合给予终浓度为25 μmol/L的L-OHP和2、4 μmol/L的Ive,并设置Ad-PXR组和空白对照组(加入等体积的培养液),继续培养48 h,收集细胞。
将上述收集的细胞裂解后提取总蛋白,用BCA法检测总蛋白浓度,经变性、电泳、转膜和封闭后,TBST漂洗,分别加入P-gp(1:1000)、NF-κB p65(1:1000)和PXR(1:1000)兔一抗,4℃下摇床孵育过夜,TBST洗涤,加入二抗室温孵育2 h,TBST洗涤后加入ECL发光液,利用凝胶成像仪显影,以GAPDH作为内参,计算P-gp、NF-κB和PXR蛋白的相对表达量。
取5~6周龄裸鼠20只,HCT116/L-OHP细胞用0.25%胰酶消化后,用完全培养基制备1.0×107个/ml细胞悬液,于裸鼠背部皮下接种100 μl细胞悬液,待肿瘤生长至约100 mm3时,将裸鼠随机分为空白对照组(注射等体积的生理盐水)、Ive组(2 mg/kg,1次/d)、L-OHP组(5 mg/kg,2次/周)与Ive(2 mg/kg,1次/d)+L-OHP(5 mg/kg,2次/周)组[9,13],每组5只。L-OHP经尾静脉注射给药,Ive灌胃给药,连续给药21 d。每3 d测量1次肿瘤的最长径和最短径,计算肿瘤体积,21 d后处死裸鼠并剥离实体瘤,称量肿瘤重量。
肿瘤组织于4%甲醛溶液中固定5 d,石蜡包埋、切片(厚度4 μm),置于65℃恒温箱中12 h,二甲苯脱蜡,梯度乙醇复水,用3% H2O2在37℃下孵育10 min阻断、灭活内源性过氧化物酶,PBS洗涤,0.01 μmol/L枸橼酸缓冲液(pH 6.0)修复抗原,PBS洗涤;加入P-gp(1:200)、NF-κB p65(1:200)和PXR(1:200)兔一抗,4℃冰箱孵育过夜,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次;加入Alexa Flour(1:200)兔二抗,37℃孵育15 min,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次;DAB反应染色,显微镜下观察反应进度,双蒸水充分冲洗;苏木精复染,脱水透明后封片,拍照。利用ImagePro Plus软件计算P-gp、NF-κB p65和PXR的相对表达密度值。
采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
MTT法检测结果显示,与空白对照组相比,L-OHP 25 μmol/L组以及L-OHP联合Ive 1 μmol/L、2 μmol/L、4 μmol/L、8 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞存活率明显降低,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05,图1)。克隆实验检测结果显示,空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组的细胞克隆数依次为(257.67±29.14)个、(146.00±18.08)个、(95.33±7.02)个和(50.67±12.66)个。L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组的细胞克隆数少于空白对照组,L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组少于L-OHP 25 μmol/L组,L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组少于L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。
流式细胞术检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞凋亡结果显示,空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞凋亡率依次为4.83%±0.45%、9.72%±0.63%、20.74%±1.07%、38.16%±1.53%。L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞凋亡率高于空白对照组,L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组高于L-OHP 25 μmol/L组,L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组高于L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3)。
流式细胞术检测结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞周期结果显示,空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组S期细胞百分比依次为8.65%±1.70%、13.85%±1.95%、19.53%±2.66%、32.10%±3.14%。L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组的S期细胞百分率高于空白对照组,L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组高于L-OHP 25 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,空白对照组、L-OHP 25 μmol/L组、L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中NF-κB p65的表达水平依次为0.68±0.08、0.61±0.07、0.48±0.06、0.37±0.064,PXR的表达水平依次为0.89±0.09、0.72±0.04、0.57±0.06、0.42±0.06,P-gp的表达水平依次为1.02±0.19、0.77±0.12、0.59±0.04、0.45±0.06。L-OHP组P-gp的表达水平低于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平均低于空白对照组,L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于L-OHP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图5)。
为进一步明确NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp之间的调控作用及其是否为Ive发挥增效作用,本研究利用LPS诱导建立NF-κB p65高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型和慢病毒感染建立PXR高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型。Western blotting检测结果显示,在NF-κB p65高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+L-OHP组、LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65的表达水平依次为0.51±0.09、1.03±0.15、0.85±0.04、0.74±0.03、0.73±0.03,PXR的表达水平依次为0.39±0.02、0.56±0.06、0.48±0.01、0.42±0.03、0.34±0.03,P-gp的表达水平依次为0.53±0.05、0.65±0.05、0.36±0.03、0.42±0.03、0.35±0.02。LPS组NF-κB p65、PXR的表达水平高于空白对照组,LPS+L-OHP组NF-κB p65、P-gp的表达水平低于空白对照组和LPS组,LPS+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和LPS+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平均低于LPS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图6)。
在PXR高表达的HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型中,空白对照组、Ad-PXR组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65的表达水平依次为0.81±0.03、0.87±0.03、0.62±0.00、0.46±0.00、0.22±0.00,PXR的表达水平依次为0.88±0.01、1.01±0.00、0.74±0.01、0.54±0.00、0.32±0.05,P-gp的表达水平依次为0.67±0.03、0.94±0.04、0.78±0.04、0.54±0.00、0.37±0.03。Ad-PXR组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平高于空白对照组,而Ad-PXR+L-OHP组、Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组NF-κB p65、PXR和P-gp的表达水平低于Ad-PXR组和Ad-PXR+L-OHP组,且Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 4 μmol/L组低于Ad-PXR+L-OHP+Ive 2 μmol/L组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图7)。
体内实验结果显示,空白对照组、Ive组、L-OHP组、Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤重量依次为(1.06±0.13) g、(0.69±0.09) g、(0.53±0.09) g、(0.19±0.02) g。Ive组、L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤重量低于空白对照组,L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组低于Ive组,Ive+L-OHP组低于L-OHP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图8)。第15、18、21天,Ive组、L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤体积小于空白对照组,Ive+L-OHP组小于Ive组和L-OHP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。
免疫组化检测结果显示,空白对照组、Ive组、L-OHP组、Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65蛋白的相对表达密度依次为0.32±0.07、0.27±0.03、0.18±0.01、0.12±0.01,PXR蛋白的相对表达密度依次为0.31±0.05、0.25±0.02、0.20±0.03、0.16±0.04,P-gp蛋白的相对表达密度依次为0.28±0.06、0.23±0.02、0.18±0.03、0.14±0.02。Ive组、L-OHP组和Ive+L-OHP组肿瘤组织中NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp蛋白的相对表达密度低于空白对照组,且L-OHP组、Ive+L-OHP组低于Ive组,Ive+L-OHP组低于L-OHP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图9)。
目前,NCCN治疗指南推荐采用手术切除和放化疗治疗CRC[3],但晚期CRC化疗成功率低。L-OHP是第三代铂类化疗药物,与第一、二代铂类化疗药无明显交叉耐药,已被广泛应用于治疗进展期CRC[14]。L-OHP发挥抗癌作用的主要机制是与肿瘤细胞DNA链间或链内交联,导致DNA损伤,同时抑制DNA和RNA合成及触发机体的免疫反应,促使细胞凋亡[15]。有研究发现,采用L-OHP标准治疗方案的进展期CRC患者中位无病生存期和总生存期均较短,分别为10.3个月和23.7个月[16],分析主要原因为CRC细胞对L-OHP耐药,化疗后期近50%的初始化疗敏感者产生获得性耐药[17]。因此,提高CRC患者对L-OHP的化疗敏感性是延长其生存期的关键。近年来多项研究显示,联合给药可增效L-OHP抗结肠癌耐药细胞的作用,如二甲双胍可诱导结肠癌HCT116耐药细胞发生线粒体凋亡,从而逆转结肠癌细胞对L-OHP的耐药性[18];葫芦巴碱可抑制Nrf-2途径以克服结肠癌细胞对L-OHP的耐药性[19];人参皂苷Rh2可抑制P-gp的表达,从而增强结肠癌LoVo耐药细胞对L-OHP的敏感性[20]。Jiang等[9]的研究发现,Ive在体内外均可增强长春新碱和阿霉素对结肠癌、乳腺癌、慢性髓细胞白血病耐药细胞的抗肿瘤作用。本研究体外实验结果显示,Ive可增效L-OHP抑制结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增殖和克隆形成,促进HCT116/L-OHP细胞的凋亡和S期细胞阻滞;体内实验结果显示,Ive可增效L-OHP抑制HCT116/L-OHP细胞移植瘤的生长,表明Ive可增强L-OHP抗结肠癌耐药细胞的作用,具有成为耐药结肠癌化疗增敏药物的潜力。
细胞耐药最经典的作用机制是由ATP结合盒式转运蛋白(ATP binding cassette transporters,ABC转运蛋白)介导的。P-gp是ABC转运蛋白家族的重要成员,为血浆膜结合药物外排性转运蛋白,在正常组织中分布广泛,主要存在于肠道上皮、肾小管、肝小管、血脑屏障和胎盘屏障等,在细胞中主要表达于上皮细胞内腔侧表面、顶端和黏膜侧,其功能是与底物相结合后将底物从细胞质中排出细胞[21]。多种内源性和外源性化合物可经P-gp转运,但P-gp介导的药物转运会产生不利影响,如影响药物的输送,继而产生多药耐药并介导临床上多种药物的相互作用。研究显示,P-gp在肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤中高表达,且P-gp高表达与这些肿瘤细胞产生多药耐药密切相关[22-24]。由于L-OHP是P-gp的常见底物[25],在结肠癌细胞中P-gp与L-OHP结合后可将L-OHP往胞外排出,降低了其胞内浓度和药物利用率,致使细胞产生耐药性,从而影响化疗效果。因此,抑制P-gp的表达是增强结肠癌细胞对L-OHP化疗敏感性的重要途径。
NF-κB的经典激活途径是外源性刺激使蛋白激酶(IKK)磷酸化激活,激活状态下的IKK可磷酸化IκB蛋白,使NF-κB p65转位至细胞核内参与基因转录的调控[26]。有研究发现,NF-κB p65核转位后可与PXR/RXR异源二聚体上的RXR反应元件结合,然后PXR/RXR与P-gp基因序列的上游调节元件结合,从而参与P-gp基因转录的调控[27-28]。因此,抑制NF-κB/PXR通路的表达可减弱P-gp的外排作用。有研究者在大肠癌耐药细胞株HCT-8/VCR中发现,抑制NF-κB的活性后,大肠癌细胞中P-gp表达减少,对长春新碱的敏感性明显增强[29]。本研究结果显示,在结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中,Ive可协同L-OHP抑制NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp蛋白的表达;在NF-κB p65和PXR高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中,当仅高表达NF-κB p65时,PXR的表达水平升高,而仅高表达PXR时,NF-κB p65和P-gp的表达水平均升高,提示结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞中NF-κB p65与PXR相互调控,可增加下游P-gp耐药蛋白的表达;使用Ive处理NF-κB p65和PXR高表达的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞后,NF-κB p65、PXR及P-gp蛋白的表达被逆转,表明NF-κB p65可通过正向调控PXR而促进P-gp蛋白的表达,Ive发挥增效抗耐药作用的潜在机制是通过抑制NF-κB p65/PXR的表达而抑制P-gp蛋白的耐药作用。既往研究发现,Ive可与表皮生长因子受体结合,抑制表皮生长因子受体的激活及其下游的ERK/Akt/NF-κB信号通路,NF-κB被抑制后P-gp的转录减少,从而逆转了肿瘤细胞的耐药性[9]
本研究存在一定的局限性,如未能建立同时高表达和低表达NF-κB p65、PXR的结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞模型,从正反方向验证Ive抗结肠癌耐药的作用机制,以及通过细胞增殖、细胞凋亡等表型实验验证Ive对高表达和低表达NF-κB p65、PXR的HCT116/L-OHP细胞的作用;未在体内外实验中利用液相二级质谱技术检测L-OHP的浓度以及利用Caco-2细胞模型观察Ive对P-gp外排的影响。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,Ive可增效L-OHP抑制结肠癌HCT116/L-OHP细胞的增殖和克隆形成,促进HCT116/L-OHP细胞的凋亡和S期阻滞,其可能的机制是通过抑制NF-κB p65/PXR信号通路的表达而减弱P-gp蛋白的耐药作用。
  • 广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2019195)
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2021年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.06.06
  • 接收时间:2021-03-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-20
  • 出版时间:2021-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-02
  • 修回日期:2021-04-20
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Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(A2019195)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2019195)
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    广州市增城区人民医院普通外科,广州 511300
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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