Article(id=1209139838515810778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209139833285505965, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.07.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1612368000000, receivedDateStr=2021-02-04, revisedDate=1614873600000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766211002234, onlineDateStr=2025-12-20, pubDate=1627401600000, pubDateStr=2021-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766211002234, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766211002234, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766211002234, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209139833285505965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='637', pageEnd='742', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766211000986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766212174313, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209144754630168707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209139833285505965, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209144754630168708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1209139833285505965, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=731, endPage=736, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209139838872326636, articleId=1209139838515810778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on role of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 in human diseases, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), confirmed as a ferroptosis-resistant factor recently, plays a key role in the oncogenesis and progress of human diseases, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma,melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, copper resistance, severe acute pancreatitis, and diabetes. FSP1 is regarded as a double-edged sword according to previous studies. Mechanically, FSP1 triggers caspase-independent apoptosis via its C-terminal fragments,nuclear translocation, or over-expression, and inhibits ferroptosis through FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H axis, being independent of the glutathione (GSH)-GPX4 axis. The research progress in action mechanism of FSP1 in human diseases is briefly described in this review for providing novel preventative and therapeutic target molecules for human diseases.

, correspAuthors=Gang Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)是新近被证实的铁死亡抑制因子,与乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌、肝细胞癌、黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、铜耐受、重症急性胰腺炎、糖尿病等疾病的发生发展密切相关。有研究发现,FSP1基于其氨基酸系列C末端片段、核易位、过表达等因素诱导非caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡,并可通过FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H途径、平行于经典的谷胱甘肽(GSH)-GPX4途径使细胞免于铁死亡,在细胞生命活动中发挥“双刃剑”的作用。该文综述目前FSP1在人类疾病中作用机制的研究进展,以期为疾病防治提供新的靶标。

, correspAuthors=陈罡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈罡,E-mail:
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陆会平,博士研究生,主要从事恶性肿瘤分子病理学方面的研究

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陆会平,博士研究生,主要从事恶性肿瘤分子病理学方面的研究

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陆会平,博士研究生,主要从事恶性肿瘤分子病理学方面的研究

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↑示表达上调;FSP1. 铁死亡抑制蛋白1;ROS. 活性氧;CoQ10. 辅酶Q10;dsDNA. 双链DNA

, figureFileSmall=xvpSNNbItsRgDyB6qf8zlw==, figureFileBig=nOTtETNl7VEGozG+LIICcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209197923330552284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209139838515810778, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Functions and mechanism of FSP1 in human diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病作用机制
肿瘤性疾病
 乳腺癌及生殖系统肿瘤
  乳腺癌促进凋亡核易位[29];ASAP1↑[30]
  卵巢癌致癌抑制致瘤功能[31]
  前列腺癌促进凋亡放疗诱导FSP1↓[32]
 淋巴造血系统肿瘤
  白血病促进凋亡阿霉素使FSP1↑且靶向质膜而诱导凋亡[33];EBEF3↑致FSP1↑而促进凋亡[34]
  T淋巴母细胞瘤抑癌长链非编码RNA MEG3上调FSP1,miR-214抑制FSP1表达[35-36]
 消化系统肿瘤
  胃癌促进凋亡HUHS1015[20-21]、磷脂酰肌醇衍生物[37]促进FSP1核易位
  肝细胞癌促进凋亡;抑制铁死亡;耐药腺苷致FSP1↑及核易位[38];独立于CoQ10抑制铁死亡[39];膜损伤修复机制[40]
  胰腺癌抑制铁死亡独立于CoQ10抑制铁死亡[39]
 呼吸系统肿瘤
  肺癌促进凋亡;抑制铁死亡腺苷处理使小细胞肺癌细胞中FSP1↑及核易位[41];金复康联合顺铂使肺腺癌细胞中FSP1↑[42];经FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H途径、平行于经典的GSH-GPX4途径抑制铁死亡[9-10];外泌体miR-4443通过靶向METTL3,以m6A方式调节FSP1的表达[43]
 其他肿瘤及肿瘤微环境
  肾癌促进凋亡腺苷作用致FSP1↑及核易位[44]
  葡萄膜黑色素瘤预测预后铁死亡相关七基因标签[45]
  黑色素瘤促进凋亡姜黄素作用致FSP1↑[46]
  肿瘤免疫微环境 FSP1↑可增强CD8+ T细胞对铁死亡的抗性且不影响后者的免疫功能[47]
非肿瘤性疾病
 硫化镉量子点暴露促进凋亡暴露后胞内ROS↑使FSP↑[49]
 铜耐受/暴露 铜耐受细胞中FSP1↓[50]
 甲基汞暴露促进凋亡FSP1↑[51]
 糖尿病潜在治疗靶标FSP1在棕色脂肪中特异性表达,参与糖酵解[52]
 重症急性胰腺炎促进凋亡ATAF6和p53激活致FSP1↑[53]
 类风湿关节炎潜在治疗靶标FSP1可与TNF-α/ROS途径互相作用[54]
 Parkinson病潜在治疗靶标抑制铁死亡[8]
), ArticleFig(id=1209197923401855457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1209139838515810778, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FSP1在人类疾病中的作用及机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病作用机制
肿瘤性疾病
 乳腺癌及生殖系统肿瘤
  乳腺癌促进凋亡核易位[29];ASAP1↑[30]
  卵巢癌致癌抑制致瘤功能[31]
  前列腺癌促进凋亡放疗诱导FSP1↓[32]
 淋巴造血系统肿瘤
  白血病促进凋亡阿霉素使FSP1↑且靶向质膜而诱导凋亡[33];EBEF3↑致FSP1↑而促进凋亡[34]
  T淋巴母细胞瘤抑癌长链非编码RNA MEG3上调FSP1,miR-214抑制FSP1表达[35-36]
 消化系统肿瘤
  胃癌促进凋亡HUHS1015[20-21]、磷脂酰肌醇衍生物[37]促进FSP1核易位
  肝细胞癌促进凋亡;抑制铁死亡;耐药腺苷致FSP1↑及核易位[38];独立于CoQ10抑制铁死亡[39];膜损伤修复机制[40]
  胰腺癌抑制铁死亡独立于CoQ10抑制铁死亡[39]
 呼吸系统肿瘤
  肺癌促进凋亡;抑制铁死亡腺苷处理使小细胞肺癌细胞中FSP1↑及核易位[41];金复康联合顺铂使肺腺癌细胞中FSP1↑[42];经FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H途径、平行于经典的GSH-GPX4途径抑制铁死亡[9-10];外泌体miR-4443通过靶向METTL3,以m6A方式调节FSP1的表达[43]
 其他肿瘤及肿瘤微环境
  肾癌促进凋亡腺苷作用致FSP1↑及核易位[44]
  葡萄膜黑色素瘤预测预后铁死亡相关七基因标签[45]
  黑色素瘤促进凋亡姜黄素作用致FSP1↑[46]
  肿瘤免疫微环境 FSP1↑可增强CD8+ T细胞对铁死亡的抗性且不影响后者的免疫功能[47]
非肿瘤性疾病
 硫化镉量子点暴露促进凋亡暴露后胞内ROS↑使FSP↑[49]
 铜耐受/暴露 铜耐受细胞中FSP1↓[50]
 甲基汞暴露促进凋亡FSP1↑[51]
 糖尿病潜在治疗靶标FSP1在棕色脂肪中特异性表达,参与糖酵解[52]
 重症急性胰腺炎促进凋亡ATAF6和p53激活致FSP1↑[53]
 类风湿关节炎潜在治疗靶标FSP1可与TNF-α/ROS途径互相作用[54]
 Parkinson病潜在治疗靶标抑制铁死亡[8]
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铁死亡抑制蛋白1在人类疾病中的作用机制研究进展
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陆会平 , 党裔武 , 陈罡 *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021,46(7): 731-736
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解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021, 46(7): 731-736
铁死亡抑制蛋白1在人类疾病中的作用机制研究进展
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陆会平, 党裔武, 陈罡*
作者信息
  • 广西医科大学第一附属医院病理科,南宁 530021
  • 陆会平,博士研究生,主要从事恶性肿瘤分子病理学方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈罡,E-mail:
Research progress on role of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 in human diseases
Hui-Ping Lu, Yi-Wu Dang, Gang Chen*
Affiliations
  • Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
出版时间: 2021-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.07.14
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铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)是新近被证实的铁死亡抑制因子,与乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌、肝细胞癌、黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、铜耐受、重症急性胰腺炎、糖尿病等疾病的发生发展密切相关。有研究发现,FSP1基于其氨基酸系列C末端片段、核易位、过表达等因素诱导非caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡,并可通过FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H途径、平行于经典的谷胱甘肽(GSH)-GPX4途径使细胞免于铁死亡,在细胞生命活动中发挥“双刃剑”的作用。该文综述目前FSP1在人类疾病中作用机制的研究进展,以期为疾病防治提供新的靶标。

铁死亡抑制蛋白1  /  凋亡诱导因子线粒体相关2  /  谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4  /  铁死亡

Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), confirmed as a ferroptosis-resistant factor recently, plays a key role in the oncogenesis and progress of human diseases, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma,melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, copper resistance, severe acute pancreatitis, and diabetes. FSP1 is regarded as a double-edged sword according to previous studies. Mechanically, FSP1 triggers caspase-independent apoptosis via its C-terminal fragments,nuclear translocation, or over-expression, and inhibits ferroptosis through FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H axis, being independent of the glutathione (GSH)-GPX4 axis. The research progress in action mechanism of FSP1 in human diseases is briefly described in this review for providing novel preventative and therapeutic target molecules for human diseases.

ferroptosis suppressor protein 1  /  apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial-associated 2  /  glutathione peroxidase 4  /  ferroptosis
陆会平, 党裔武, 陈罡. 铁死亡抑制蛋白1在人类疾病中的作用机制研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (7) : 731 -736 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.07.14
Hui-Ping Lu, Yi-Wu Dang, Gang Chen. Research progress on role of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 in human diseases[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (7) : 731 -736 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.07.14
铁死亡是一种由谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)组成型控制的细胞内微环境氧化扰动而引发的调节性细胞死亡(regulated cell death,RCD)方式,以细胞膜上脂质过氧化物的铁依赖性积累为特征,是新陈代谢、氧化还原生物学和疾病之间的纽带[1-4]。越来越多的证据表明,铁死亡与多种生理和病理过程关系密切,并推动着人类健康研究的发展[4-6]。然而也有研究显示,抑制某些癌细胞的GPX4不能使细胞免于铁死亡[7-8]。为进一步探究铁死亡的分子机制,美国Bersuker等[9]和德国Doll等[10]开展了深入研究并发现铁死亡抑制蛋白1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,FSP1)在人类多种肿瘤细胞中表达,且独立于GPX4抑制铁死亡,是新型的抗铁死亡生物标志物。本文就FSP1在人类疾病中的作用机制研究进展进行综述,以期为铁死亡机制的深入探索和人类疾病的防治提供新的线索。
FSP1原名为线粒体凋亡诱导因子2(apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial-associated 2,AIFM2),又称AIF同源线粒体相关死亡诱导者(AIF-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death,AMID)[11]和p53反应基因3(p53-responsive gene 3,PRG3)[11-12],其基因位于人类染色体10q22.1,具有9个外显子,编码39~41 kD蛋白质,与小鼠具有90%的同源性[13],缺乏线粒体定位序列[13-14],N末端具有肉豆蔻酰化基序[9-15],内含子中存在p53反应元件(–1192和–442之间),是p53的直接效应因子[16-17]。2019年,美国Bersuker等[9]和德国Doll等[10]为表征其抑制细胞铁死亡的独特功能而更名为FSP1。FSP1在人类多种肿瘤(如甲状腺癌、白血病、子宫癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、大肠癌、乳腺癌、脑癌和膀胱癌等)中发生突变[16],其天然突变如M135T和D288N在肿瘤中频繁发生[18],但其突变在肿瘤中的作用机制报道较少。
FSP1可诱导细胞凋亡,也可阻止细胞发生铁死亡(图1)。在Bersuker、Doll等之前,FSP1被认为是细胞凋亡的关键调控因子,但其诱导细胞凋亡既不受caspase和p53的影响,也不受Bcl-2的抑制[11]。研究发现,位于线粒体外膜的C末端片段(aa 77-373和186-373)才可诱导细胞凋亡,位于细胞核中的两个N末端片段(aa 1-185和1-300)则不能诱导细胞凋亡[11];FSP1的亚细胞定位发生核易位也可诱导细胞凋亡[16,19-21],但在星孢菌素(staurosporine,STS)诱导的细胞凋亡过程中,FSP1过表达不会导致染色质碎裂且不会易位至细胞核[22],这可能是由于凋亡诱导物的作用机制或者细胞背景差异导致的;FSP1过表达可诱导细胞凋亡并降低细胞对铁死亡的敏感性[9-11,14],但对于人心脏组织,FSP1蛋白而非mRNA过表达才可诱导细胞凋亡[16];作为一种非特异性的DNA结合蛋白,FSP1对双链DNA(dsDNA)具有很高的亲和力[13-14],在细菌或病毒感染(或在细胞凋亡过程中线粒体DNA泄露)的情况下,FSP1与DNA的结合可抑制NAD(P)H的结合,减少6-羟基-FAD,降低活性氧(ROS)的浓度,从而促使感染的细胞发生凋亡[13-14];FSP1是辅酶Q10(CoQ10)的氧化还原酶,其N末端的肉豆蔻酰化是一种脂质修饰,可促进FSP1靶向质膜,从而在质膜上介导NADH依赖的CoQ还原以抑制CoQ10的活性[9,23-24],最终经FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H途径、平行于经典的谷胱甘肽(GSH)-GPX4途径,通过抑制MDM2-MDMX而抑制磷脂过氧化和铁死亡[9-10,25-26]
总之,氨基酸序列特征、亚细胞定位、表达水平以及NAD(P)H氧化还原酶的活性是FSP1诱导细胞凋亡和抑制铁死亡的关键因素,但相应的作用机制尚未达成共识。截至目前,有关FSP1和铁死亡的研究尚处在起始阶段,因此,关于FSP1抑制铁死亡的确切机制仍需全面而深入的探索。
凋亡是细胞的一种程序性死亡方式。凋亡失调与异常发育、癌症和免疫疾病等多种人类疾病密切相关。与坏死、凋亡、自噬等细胞死亡方式不同,铁死亡在神经系统疾病、肿瘤进展、肿瘤微环境和能量代谢等方面发挥着重要作用[1,4,27]。FSP1可调控凋亡和铁死亡,与多种人类疾病密切相关。
癌症是全球范围内第二大死亡原因,应用抗癌药物诱导细胞死亡是杀死癌细胞的主要方法之一[28]。人类一直致力于癌症防治生物标志物的探索,其中FSP1是一种新型标志物。
FSP1与肿瘤发生发展治疗所致不良反应关系密切。研究发现,在不影响总表达量的情况下,促进FSP1核易位可促进乳腺癌细胞MCF-7以独立于caspase的方式凋亡[29];而Arf核糖激化因子GTP酶活化蛋白(ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1,ASAP1)过表达可调节FSP1等凋亡信号的转导,从而驱动三阴性乳腺癌的发生和发展[30]。在卵巢癌中,FSP1与癌细胞的致瘤功能被抑制有关[31]。作为非转移性前列腺癌的标准治疗方案,应用调强技术的局部外束放射疗法可诱导癌细胞凋亡,但会使患者易于产生疲劳感,这可能是由于治疗导致FSP1等8个基因表达下调所致[32]
白血病和淋巴瘤是最常见的淋巴造血系统肿瘤。研究发现,上调FSP1的表达有利于控制淋巴造血系统肿瘤细胞的生长,如阿霉素可促进人白血病Jurkat细胞中FSP1的表达并靶向质膜,从而诱导细胞凋亡[33],而早期B细胞因子3(early B-cell factor 3,EBF3)过表达可显著提高急性白血病细胞系中FSP1蛋白的表达水平,从而促进细胞凋亡[34]。但在T淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤细胞中,FSP1表达受参与肿瘤发展的两种RNA调控,即被长链非编码RNA MEG3上调,被miR-214抑制[35-36]
在精准医疗背景下,消化系统肿瘤尚缺乏理想的抗癌药物,研究人员对此进行了多方探索。在胃癌中,萘替地尔类似物1-[2-(2-甲氧基苯基氨基)乙基氨基]-3-(萘-1-基氧基)丙烷-2-醇(1-[2-(2-methoxyphenylamino)ethylamino]-3-(naphthalene-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol,HUHS1015)可促进MKN28细胞中的FSP1发生核易位,诱导非caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡[20-21];而磷脂酰肌醇衍生物则可增加细胞核中FSP1的积累,诱导MKN28细胞凋亡,从而发挥抗癌作用[37]。在肝细胞癌中,FSP1在腺苷的作用下表达增加并发生核易位,可诱导Huh-7细胞发生凋亡[38],也可独立于CoQ10抑制HepG2细胞发生铁死亡[39];而在质膜上依赖于FSP1的内吞体分选转运复合体(ESCRT)-Ⅲ募集可通过激活调节膜出芽和分裂的膜修复机制导致肿瘤在索拉非尼治疗期间产生铁死亡耐受[40]。在胰腺癌中,FSP1可独立于CoQ10抑制PANC1细胞发生铁死亡[39]
FSP1在多种肺癌亚型中均有表达,且表达水平越低对铁死亡诱导剂的敏感性越高[9-10]。相较肺鳞状细胞癌细胞NCI-H1703和非小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H446,肺大细胞癌细胞NCI-H460中FSP1的表达水平最高且对铁死亡诱导剂RSL3最不敏感,在FSP1持续存在的情况下即使GPX4失活癌细胞仍可继续正常生长[9],提示不同亚型的肺癌细胞对铁死亡诱导剂的敏感性不同。在同一亚型不同细胞背景的细胞系中,FSP1的表达水平也不同[10],提示FSP1与肺癌的发生发展关系密切,是肺癌防治的潜在靶标。在肺癌的治疗中,FSP1扮演着重要的角色。人小细胞肺癌细胞SBC-3经腺苷处理后,FSP1的表达上调并发生核易位,从而促使癌细胞发生凋亡[41];金复康在临床上具有良好的抗肺癌效果,可联合顺铂激活FSP1的表达,诱导肺腺癌细胞凋亡[42];外泌体miR-4443通过靶向甲基转移酶样蛋白3(methyltransferase like 3,METTL3),以m6A方式调节FSP1的表达抑制铁死亡,从而促使非小细胞肺癌A549细胞对顺铂耐药[43]
在体外,腺苷可上调FSP1的表达并促进其核易位,从而诱导人肾癌细胞RCC4-VHL凋亡[44],包括FSP1在内的铁死亡相关基因标记,可准确预测葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者的预后[45]。姜黄素具有抗癌活性,可激活黑色素瘤细胞A375中FSP1的转录,从而诱导细胞凋亡[46]。在肿瘤免疫微环境中,FSP1或GPX4过表达可降低CD8+ T细胞对铁死亡的敏感性,但不影响其功能;正常情况下,酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族4(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4,ACSL4)可诱导CD8+ T细胞发生铁死亡,缺失时则抑制铁死亡,并损害CD8+ T细胞的抗肿瘤效应[47]。总之,在肿瘤的发生发展和治疗中,FSP1既可诱导凋亡,又可抑制铁死亡,是肿瘤基础研究和系统治疗的新方向。
随着工业和社会的发展,环境污染对人类健康所造成的伤害愈演愈烈[48]。研究发现,FSP1与环境暴露所致损伤存在一定的联系。低浓度硫化镉量子点暴露对HepG2细胞的细胞核和线粒体DNA基本无损害,但可增加胞内ROS浓度,上调FSP1等基因的表达,促进细胞凋亡[49];FSP1的表达与铜耐受调节和慢性铜暴露有关,通过无机硫酸铜暴露所构建的铜耐受Caco-2细胞克隆(In1和In2),其FSP1的表达显著下调[50];甲基汞可以剂量依赖的方式增高滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo中FSP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,从而诱导FSP1介导的非caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡;还可激活细胞内ROS,从而增加线粒体膜的通透性,降低线粒体膜电位,这可能是甲基汞导致妊娠不良结局的机制[51]。与此同时,FSP1与细胞代谢及炎症性疾病的关系密切。有研究报道,FSP1是一种脂滴相关的NADH氧化酶,在棕色脂肪中特异性表达,参与糖酵解途径,可改善饮食引起的肥胖症和胰岛素抵抗,是糖尿病治疗的潜在靶标[52]。而在重症急性胰腺炎中,经激活转录因子6(activating transcription factor 6,ATF6)和p53转录激活后,FSP1可诱导腺泡细胞凋亡,是重症急性胰腺炎治疗的新靶点[53]。另外,通过与TNF-α/ROS途径相互作用,FSP1可作为以缺氧和氧化应激为特征的类风湿关节炎的治疗靶点[54];作为铁死亡抑制因子,FSP1被认为是Parkinson病的治疗靶点[8]。总之,FSP1受到环境暴露、糖代谢紊乱、炎症等的刺激后表达上调,进而诱导细胞凋亡,可用于监测职业病、慢性代谢性疾病或炎症性疾病的发生发展情况。FSP1在人类疾病中的作用及机制如表1所示。
FSP1的凋亡诱导作用主要是基于其氨基酸序列、核易位和表达上调,而N末端肉豆蔻酰化基序及氧化还原酶活性使其可独立于GPX4抵抗铁死亡,表明FSP1既可通过诱导独立于caspase的细胞凋亡扮演抑癌因子的角色,又可使细胞获得铁死亡抗性,FSP1可能与铁死亡一样,也是一把“双刃剑”,靶向FSP1是肿瘤防治的新方向。然而,目前关于FSP1仍存在很多未知,如除了表达水平改变外,FSP1的其他基因突变形式对铁死亡的影响尚无相关研究;虽然已有研究表明自噬调控因子通过选择性降解铁死亡抑制因子来促进铁死亡,但这种自噬依赖的铁死亡在人类不同肿瘤中存在异质性[55],而Bersuker等[9]和Doll等[10]发现,在人类不同肿瘤细胞中FSP1的表达水平不同,提示FSP1依赖的铁死亡抑制可能存在肿瘤异质性,其机制需要进一步探索;阿霉素[33]、金复康[42]、姜黄素[46]等抗癌药物可上调FSP1的表达,诱导细胞凋亡,从而发挥抗癌作用,但其具体分子机制尚未阐明。因此,基于现代先进的技术平台和科学而缜密的研究设计深入探讨FSP1在生理和病理状态下的功能及其作用机制,有利于全面揭示FSP1对人类健康维护的意义。
  • 广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2020045)
  • 广西研究生教育创新计划项目(JGY2019050)
  • 广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2020031)
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2021年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.07.14
  • 接收时间:2021-02-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-20
  • 出版时间:2021-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-04
  • 修回日期:2021-03-05
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Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2020045)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2020045)
Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(JGY2019050)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(JGY2019050)
Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development, Popularization and Application Project(S2020031)
广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2020031)
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    广西医科大学第一附属医院病理科,南宁 530021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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