Article(id=1208862456823288676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.16, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1616515200000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-24, revisedDate=1623427200000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766144869285, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1630080000000, pubDateStr=2021-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766144869285, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766144869285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144869285, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208862455166538583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='743', pageEnd='848', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766144868890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144939527, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208862751481524455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208862751481524456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=837, endPage=842, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208862457129472873, articleId=1208862456823288676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the application of regional block anesthesia in inguinal hernia surgery, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Inguinal hernia is a common surgical disease, which is more and more common in the elderly and children. With the aging of the population and the opening of the second child, there are more and more patients with inguinal hernia surgery,and the difficulty and risk of anesthesia management are increasing. With the application of ultrasound visualization technology in anesthesia field, regional block anesthesia technology is guaranteed and developed. Regional block anesthesia is increasingly used in inguinal hernia surgery, especially in the elderly and children for anesthesia and analgesia. At present, regional anesthesia methods have emerged in endlessly. This article reviews the methods including paravertebral nerve block (PVNB), lumbar plexus nerve block(LPNB), quadratus lumborum block (QLB), ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) and transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB) of regional block anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery, and to explore the best.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Yang Song, Kun Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Song Xiao-Yang, E-mail: ;
Li Kun, E-mail:
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腹股沟疝是外科常见疾病,多发于老年人及小儿,且近年来腹股沟疝手术患者呈增多趋势,麻醉管理难度及风险也越来越大。随着超声可视化技术在麻醉领域的应用,区域阻滞麻醉技术得到了保障与发展,区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用也日渐增多,尤其适用于老年及小儿患者的麻醉与镇痛。目前区域阻滞麻醉方法层出不穷,该文就腹股沟疝手术区域阻滞麻醉的方法[椎旁神经阻滞(PVNB)、腰丛神经阻滞(LPNB)、腰方肌阻滞(QLB)、髂腹股沟/髂腹下神经阻滞(IINB)及腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)等]进行综述,以探讨最佳的腹股沟疝手术区域阻滞麻醉方法。

, correspAuthors=宋晓阳, 李坤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宋晓阳,E-mail:;
李坤,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dLFAp/OK6nLwBLXx+ZlLiw==, magXml=GN2TPKN5TwfHGi3UyHp5NQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XeMFsJCMZ2O/KsX7nyY1dw==, pdfFileSize=1651762, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nhwvHKZu9gDbxghT38aBhg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=g9o6TnspLgY2v1bUoMOsJg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

殷国江,硕士研究生,主要从事超声引导神经阻滞方面的研究

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殷国江,硕士研究生,主要从事超声引导神经阻滞方面的研究

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殷国江,硕士研究生,主要从事超声引导神经阻滞方面的研究

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issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=HerniaSurge Group, journalName=Hernia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HerniaSurge Group. 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J Clin Anesthesiol, 2018, 34(7): 639-642., articleTitle=Application of TAP nerve block as the main anesthesia method in the inguinal hernia repair in elderly patients with high risk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208862473529201062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456823288676, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=639, pageEnd=642, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=46, authorNames=徐桂萍, 潘阳阳, 乔南南, journalName=临床麻醉学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[徐桂萍, 潘阳阳, 乔南南, 等. 腹横平面阻滞在老年高危患者腹股沟疝修补术中的应用[J]. 临床麻醉学杂志, 2018, 34(7): 639-642.], articleTitle=腹横平面阻滞在老年高危患者腹股沟疝修补术中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208862473743110570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456823288676, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=61, issue=11, pageStart=1064, pageEnd=1068, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Naja ZM, Raf M, El-Rajab M, journalName=Anaesthesia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Naja ZM, Raf M, El-Rajab M, et al. 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A. 腰椎旁神经阻滞超声图;B. 胸椎旁神经阻滞超声图

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区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用研究进展
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殷国江 1 , 皮文娟 2 , 姜佳佳 1 , 王彩红 1 , 宋晓阳 1, * , 李坤 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021,46(8): 837-842
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解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2021, 46(8): 837-842
区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用研究进展
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殷国江1, 皮文娟2, 姜佳佳1, 王彩红1, 宋晓阳1, * , 李坤1, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军中部战区总医院麻醉科,武汉 430070
  • 2泰康同济(武汉)医院麻醉科,武汉 430050
  • 殷国江,硕士研究生,主要从事超声引导神经阻滞方面的研究

通讯作者:

宋晓阳,E-mail:;
李坤,E-mail:
Research progress on the application of regional block anesthesia in inguinal hernia surgery
Guo-Jiang Yin1, Wen-Juan Pi2, Jia-Jia Jiang1, Cai-Hong Wang1, Xiao-Yang Song1, * , Kun Li1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of the PLA Center War Zone, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan 430050, China
出版时间: 2021-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.16
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腹股沟疝是外科常见疾病,多发于老年人及小儿,且近年来腹股沟疝手术患者呈增多趋势,麻醉管理难度及风险也越来越大。随着超声可视化技术在麻醉领域的应用,区域阻滞麻醉技术得到了保障与发展,区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用也日渐增多,尤其适用于老年及小儿患者的麻醉与镇痛。目前区域阻滞麻醉方法层出不穷,该文就腹股沟疝手术区域阻滞麻醉的方法[椎旁神经阻滞(PVNB)、腰丛神经阻滞(LPNB)、腰方肌阻滞(QLB)、髂腹股沟/髂腹下神经阻滞(IINB)及腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)等]进行综述,以探讨最佳的腹股沟疝手术区域阻滞麻醉方法。

腹股沟疝  /  区域阻滞麻醉  /  超声引导

Inguinal hernia is a common surgical disease, which is more and more common in the elderly and children. With the aging of the population and the opening of the second child, there are more and more patients with inguinal hernia surgery,and the difficulty and risk of anesthesia management are increasing. With the application of ultrasound visualization technology in anesthesia field, regional block anesthesia technology is guaranteed and developed. Regional block anesthesia is increasingly used in inguinal hernia surgery, especially in the elderly and children for anesthesia and analgesia. At present, regional anesthesia methods have emerged in endlessly. This article reviews the methods including paravertebral nerve block (PVNB), lumbar plexus nerve block(LPNB), quadratus lumborum block (QLB), ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) and transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB) of regional block anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery, and to explore the best.

inguinal hernia  /  regional block  /  ultrasound-guided
殷国江, 皮文娟, 姜佳佳, 王彩红, 宋晓阳, 李坤. 区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (8) : 837 -842 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.16
Guo-Jiang Yin, Wen-Juan Pi, Jia-Jia Jiang, Cai-Hong Wang, Xiao-Yang Song, Kun Li. Research progress on the application of regional block anesthesia in inguinal hernia surgery[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (8) : 837 -842 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.16
腹股沟疝是外科最常见的疾病之一,以老年及小儿患者居多,传统的腹股沟疝区域麻醉包括椎管内麻醉与局部浸润麻醉,前者效果确切是常用的手术麻醉方法,但可能出现血压下降、呼吸抑制、恶心、呕吐及尿潴留等并发症,且老年患者因脊椎骨质增生、凝血功能异常、合并症多等因素导致其临床应用受限;后者存在阻滞不全(甚至无法耐受手术)、患者体验差等问题,临床应用逐步被取代[1-3]。腹股沟区的神经支配主要来源于髂腹下神经(T12、L1)、髂腹股沟神经(L1)、生殖股神经(L1、L2)以及第12胸神经的外周分支,理论上腹股沟疝修补手术应同时阻滞上述神经[4-5]。目前随着超声可视化技术在临床中的应用,沿神经走行进行的区域阻滞麻醉技术逐渐成熟。腹股沟疝手术区域阻滞麻醉主要包括椎旁神经阻滞(paravertebral nerve block,PVNB)、腰丛神经阻滞(lumbar plexus nerve block,LPNB)、腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)、髂腹股沟/髂腹下神经阻滞(ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block,IINB)及腹横肌平面阻滞麻醉(transversus abdominis plane block,TAPB)等。超声辅助可提高神经阻滞效果,并减少并发症,因此超声引导区域阻滞较适用于有椎管内麻醉禁忌以及老年和小儿患者的麻醉与镇痛,有利于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的实现[1-2,6-7]。本文结合国内外文献探讨区域阻滞麻醉在腹股沟疝手术中的应用研究进展,以期为临床提供借鉴。
腹股沟区域神经支配来自于T12、L1、L2神经前支,因此分别阻滞T12、L1、L2椎旁神经可为腹股沟疝提供较好的麻醉与镇痛作用,且不影响运动,相较椎管内麻醉,对循环影响较小且并发症较少[8-9]。以旁矢状位切面技术为例,具体操作方法为:超声探头平行脊柱放置于患侧,依次向外移动探头可见关节突和横突,当出现横突时,再将探头向中线移动,直至关节突外侧边缘重新出现,此时关节突在横突上方,超声图像显示关节突与横突为一宽大低回声区,两横突之间有一高回声带为横突间韧带,采用平面内或平面外技术,待穿刺针到达横突间韧带后即可注药,注药前注意辨别椎间孔,仔细回抽确认无血液及脑脊液[9-11]。最佳超声图像如图1A所示。
Khetarpal等[8]对60例行腹股沟疝手术的患者分别进行PVNB与腰麻,每组30例,PVNB组分别于T12、L1、L2椎旁给予0.5%左布比卡因10 ml,腰麻组于L3–L4或L2–L3穿刺给予0.5%左布比卡因2.5 ml,结果显示,两组患者均获得良好的麻醉效果,但椎旁神经阻滞组术后镇痛时间较长,效果较好,且下床活动时间较早。有研究发现,于T12/L1单节段椎旁间隙进行阻滞可达到下至L2水平的麻醉[12]。Ozkan等[5]对3例尸体进行解剖发现,在T10水平注射15 ml亚甲蓝并未扩散至T12及L1椎旁,而在L1水平追加5 ml亚甲蓝发现髂腹下神经、髂腹股沟神经、生殖股神经及股外侧皮神经被染色;T10、L1两节段椎旁阻滞与T10–L1四节段椎旁阻滞有相同的麻醉效果,而两节段椎旁阻滞可提高患者舒适度,减少相关并发症。理论上T12或L1单节段椎旁注射局麻药即可满足腹股沟区域神经支配区域阻滞,但胸、腰椎旁间隙因腰大肌终止于T12椎体而中断,且腹壁神经交错复杂,在阻滞上述神经的同时联合T10或T11 PVNB可提供更完善的阻滞效果[10-12]
Mandal等[10]分别阻滞T10与L1椎旁神经,并与单侧腰麻对比发现,PVNB与单侧腰麻都是腹股沟疝手术有效的麻醉方法,但PVNB患者术后下床活动时间较早,术后镇痛效果较好,且并发症较少,进一步证实胸腰椎旁联合阻滞可更好地为腹股沟疝修补手术提供麻醉与镇痛。与超声引导腰椎旁神经阻滞不同的是,胸椎旁神经阻滞穿刺针刺破肋横突上韧带后即可注药,超声图像可见胸膜下移,证明位置良好[10-12]。最佳超声图像如图1B所示。
腰丛神经由T12、L1–L4神经前支构成,位于腰大肌深面,腰椎横突前方,该处也称为腰大肌间隙。腰大肌间隙的前壁为腰大肌,后壁为L1–L5横突、横突间肌和横突间韧带,后外侧为腰方肌与部分腰大肌,内侧是L1–L5椎体后椎间盘的外侧面及起于此面的腰大肌纤维,上界至12肋,下延至腰骶干并与盆腔的骶前间隙相通。支配下腹部及腹股沟区的神经包括肋下神经、髂腹下神经、髂腹股沟神经及生殖股神经,分别自腰大肌上部相当于L1–L3椎体水平部位穿出腰大肌[9,13]。传统的LPNB是在L4棘突水平将局麻药注入腰大肌间隙,而改良的LPNB是在L2棘突水平将局麻药注入腰大肌间隙,此处更利于局麻药物扩散至腹股沟区域支配神经,可为腹股沟疝手术提供较好的麻醉与镇痛。具体操作方法为:将超声探头于L2椎体水平放置于脊柱中线做轴位扫描找到棘突,向患侧移动探头直到关节突、横突、竖脊肌、腰大肌、腰丛等影像结构清晰呈现,采用平面内技术进针至腰大肌间隙内腰丛附近给药,注意进针路径避开横突及识别椎间孔[13-15]。最佳超声图像如图2所示。程珊珊等[15]比较超声引导下L2水平LPNB与腰硬联合麻醉的效果发现,LPNB用于腹股沟疝手术效果确切,血流动力学更平稳,低血压、恶心、呕吐及尿潴留的发生率更低。
QLB于2007年由Blanco[16]首次提出,有学者认为其是改良的后路TAPB。腰方肌是位于腹后壁脊柱两侧的两块不规则扁肌,呈长方形,起自第12肋骨下缘和L1–L4横突尖,止于髂嵴上缘,其内前方为腰大肌,后方是竖脊肌,二者之间为胸腰筋膜(thoracolumbar fascia,TLF)的中层相隔[17]。临床上QLB根据注药部位分为4种入路:(1)腰方肌外侧路阻滞(lateral quadratus lumborum block,QLB1),即将局部麻醉药注入腹壁肌肉与腰方肌间的TLF前层;(2)腰方肌后路阻滞(posterior quadratus lumborum block,QLB2),即将局部麻醉药注入TLF中层与腹横肌群终点的交汇处;(3)腰方肌前路阻滞(anterior quadratus lumborum block,QLB3),即将局麻药注入腰大肌与腰方肌之间;(4)腰方肌肌内阻滞(intramuscular quadratus lumborum block,QLB4),即将局麻药注入腰方肌内。TLF为多层结构,相当于一个复合体,由肌腱、韧带、筋膜层和疏松结缔组织构成,在QLB中起着重要作用,QLB可扩散至胸、腰椎旁间隙而起作用[18]。QLB主要阻滞走行于腰方肌的肋间神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经,其中以QLB3阻滞效果最好,具体操作方法为:将超声探头横向置于侧腹部腋后线,从头端肋下缘至髂嵴扫查显示L2椎体横突,超声图像下清晰显示所谓的“三叶草”征,L2横突是茎,3块肌肉(竖脊肌、腰方肌和腰大肌)是三叶草叶片,采用平面内技术进针至腰大肌与腰方肌之间注药[17-19]。最佳超声图像如图3所示。
Favaro等[20]成功将QLB用于腹股沟疝修补手术,证实了其安全性和有效性,与全麻相比,QLB可缩短住院时间,降低住院费用。Ahmed等[21]比较QLB3与QLB2在腹股沟疝手术中的应用效果发现,与QLB2相比,QLB3神经阻滞时间长,术后镇痛效果好,且阿片类药物需要量少。Öksüz等[22]将腰方肌平面阻滞用于小儿腹股沟疝手术镇痛,结果显示其安全有效。
髂腹下神经(iliohypogastric nerve,IHN)来源于T12–L1,皮支分布于臀外侧、腹股沟区及下腹部皮肤;髂腹股沟神经(ilioinguinal nerve,IIN)来源于L1,皮支分布于腹股沟部和阴囊或大阴唇皮肤。IINB是腹股沟疝手术麻醉与镇痛常用的方法,传统的Schulte-Steinbery法被认为是准确性较高的方法,以腹股沟韧带上方、髂前上棘内下方0.5~1.0 cm为进针点,穿刺针穿过腹外斜肌腱膜时阻力消失,可感觉到特定的突破感,回抽无血后将局麻药注入腹内、外斜肌之间[4,23]。随着超声的发展应用,濮健峰等[24]通过超声引导以旋髂深动脉为标记进行IINB,为腹股沟疝修补术提供了安全、有效的麻醉与镇痛,具体方法为:先触诊髂前上棘和腹股沟韧带,然后将探头长轴置于靠近髂前上棘的位置,探头一端指向脐部,通过彩色超声成像找到旋髂深动脉,将局麻药围绕旋髂深动脉周围注射。最佳超声图像如图4A所示。
有研究显示,髂腹股沟/髂腹下神经解剖变异率高达58.2%,单纯IINB用于腹股沟疝修补手术可能效果不好[25-26]。但另有研究证实,IINB可为腹股沟疝修补手术提供良好的镇痛效果[27-29]。除髂腹股沟/髂腹下神经解剖变异外,其阻滞不全常与参与腹股沟区的生殖股神经有关。Huang等[30]的研究发现,IINB联合生殖股神经阻滞可提供更好的术中镇痛效果。但有学者认为,联合生殖股神经阻滞仅可解决部分患者疝囊牵拉时的疼痛,对术后镇痛意义不大[31]。生殖股神经阻滞方法为:将超声探头置于股动脉长轴平面,沿着股动脉向头端缓慢移动,在腹股沟韧带进入腹腔时,股动脉移行为髂外动脉处识别腹股沟管,采用平面外技术进针至腹股沟管给药,注意避开血管[30-31]。最佳超声图像如图4B所示。
腹部前外侧的肌肉由外至内依次为腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌,肌肉之间为筋膜层,腹内斜肌与腹横肌之间的平面称为腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)。前腹部皮肤、肌肉及壁层腹膜由T7–L1脊神经前支支配,这些脊神经离开椎间孔后发出前支穿过侧腹壁肌肉,沿腹横肌平面走行支配前腹部肌肉和皮肤[32]。有研究报道,肋间、肋下、髂腹下神经在经侧腹壁向前内侧移行过程中在腰三角区域有一段共同的通路,且不同节段的神经在腹横肌平面存在广泛的分支和交通,尤其是T9–L1分支组成的腹横肌平面神经丛[32-34]。腹股沟区手术常采用侧方入路TAPB,具体方法为:将超声探头置于肋缘与髂嵴之间腋中线水平,超声图像清晰显示由外至内的腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌及腹膜,采用平面内技术进针至腹内斜肌与腹横肌之间给药[32-34]。最佳超声图像如图5所示。
Zhou等[29]的荟萃分析发现,TAPB可为腹股沟疝修补术提供良好的术后镇痛效果。徐桂萍等[35]成功将TAPB应用于腹股沟疝修补手术,取得了较好的效果。TAPB区域覆盖腹股沟疝手术区域,可为腹股沟疝提供较好的麻醉与镇痛,由于腹股沟疝手术涉及L2神经支配,其作为单纯麻醉技术可能存在阻滞不全,但可提供较好的镇痛。
Kamal等[28]的研究发现,与TAPB相比,IINB可提供更好的镇痛效果。Naja等[36]的研究发现,在小儿腹股沟疝手术中,PVNB血流动力学更平稳、患儿家属及外科医师满意度更高,效果优于IINB。Tammam等[37]的研究发现,在腹股沟疝手术中,单次LPNB阻滞较TAPB术后镇痛效果更好。Samerchua等[38]的研究发现,在小儿腹股沟疝手术中,QLB阻滞效果优于IINB。根据解剖特点、神经支配及研究结果,在腹股沟疝手术中,PVNB、LPNB及QLB的麻醉与镇痛效果优于TPAB、IINB,但操作要求可能更高。目前,腹股沟疝手术尤其是小儿腹股沟疝手术常选择全麻下腹腔镜技术,该技术操作更为方便、损伤更小、恢复更快,神经阻滞可为全麻下腹腔镜腹股沟疝手术提供良好的镇痛效果,但常需阻滞双侧腹壁神经,而TAPB和QLB可有效阻滞腹腔镜手术区域的腹壁神经,双侧阻滞较为安全,因此更适合此类患者[20,27,33]
超声可视化技术的应用为腹股沟疝手术提供了更多的区域阻滞麻醉方案,合理选择区域阻滞麻醉方案可为腹股沟疝修补手术提供良好的麻醉与镇痛效果,促进患者康复,有利于ERAS理念的践行与应用,值得临床推广。但腹壁神经支配错综复杂,且存在解剖变异,区域阻滞常出现阻滞不全,需辅以镇静、镇痛药物,临床中根据患者具体病情合理选择麻醉药物及方法尤为重要。
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2021年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.16
  • 接收时间:2021-03-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-24
  • 修回日期:2021-06-12
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    1解放军中部战区总医院麻醉科,武汉 430070
    2泰康同济(武汉)医院麻醉科,武汉 430050

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宋晓阳,E-mail:;
李坤,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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