Article(id=1208862456605184862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.03, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1614528000000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-01, revisedDate=1623772800000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766144869233, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1630080000000, pubDateStr=2021-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766144869233, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766144869233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144869233, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208862455166538583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='743', pageEnd='848', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766144868890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144939527, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208862751481524455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208862751481524456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862455166538583, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=757, endPage=762, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208862456869426022, articleId=1208862456605184862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of shikonin on improving atrial fibrillation of rats by inhibiting ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect of shikonin on atrial fibrillation of rats with myocardial fibrosis mediated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2(ERK1/2)/nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, shikonin group (10 each). Rats in shikonin group were intragastrically given shikonin 4 mg/kg, in normal control and model groups were given the same amount of normal saline, 1 time/d for consecutive 7 days; Rats in model and shikonin groups were tail intravenous injected with 1 ml/kg ACh-CaCl2 mixed liquor to establish atrial fibrillation model, 1 time/d for consecutive 7 days, and in normal control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline, taken materials after 7 days. Electrocardiogram was used to record the induced time and duration of atrial fibrillation, and the cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. The pathological condition of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining. Masson staining was performed to detect the percentage of collagen area in myocardial tissue. The protein expressions of Collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blotting. Results The cardiomyocytes were arranged in compact and orderly manner in normal control group, while in model group were disordered, hypertrophic and widened. Shikonin improved the morphology and structure of cardiomyocytes. Compared with normal control group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) decreased, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), percentage of collagen area, the expressions of ColⅠ, p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB p65 protein increased (P<0.05) in model group and shikonin group; Compared with model group, the induced time of atrial fibrillation was longer, duration time was shorter in shikonin group, LVEF and LVFS increased, LVESD and LVEED, percentage of collagen area, and the expressions of ColⅠ, p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB p65 protein were decreased in shikonin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Shikonin may mitigate the myocardial fibrosis, inhibit the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, and improve myocardial function by inhibiting ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway.

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目的 探讨紫草素通过细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)介导心肌细胞纤维化对大鼠心房颤动(简称房颤)的改善作用。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、紫草素组,每组10只。紫草素组大鼠以4 mg/kg紫草素灌胃给药,正常对照组和模型组大鼠等量生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d;除正常对照组外,其余组大鼠按照1 ml/kg的剂量尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(ACh-CaCl2)混合液1次/d、连续7 d建立房颤模型,正常对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水,7 d后取材。心电图检测各组大鼠房颤诱发时间和持续时间;超声心动图检测各组大鼠心功能;HE染色观察各组大鼠心肌组织病理学改变;Masson染色检测各组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比;Western blotting检测各组大鼠胶原蛋白Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ)、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达情况。结果 正常对照组大鼠心肌细胞排列致密、整齐;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱、肥大、间隙增宽;紫草素组大鼠心肌细胞形态和结构较模型组有所改善。与正常对照组比较,模型组及紫草素组大鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)降低,左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVEED)增高,胶原面积百分比增加,Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长、持续时间缩短,LVEF、LVFS升高,LVESD、LVEED缩短,胶原面积百分比减小,Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 紫草素可能通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路而减轻心肌纤维化,抑制房颤的发生,并改善心功能。

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舒礼良,医学博士,副主任医师,主要从事冠心病发病机制及其防治方面的研究

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舒礼良,医学博士,副主任医师,主要从事冠心病发病机制及其防治方面的研究

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舒礼良,医学博士,副主任医师,主要从事冠心病发病机制及其防治方面的研究

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Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 505(1): 1-6., articleTitle=Shikonin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208862466419855561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, awardId=81800319, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800319), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208862466495353040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, awardId=81800319, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81800319), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208862461067924375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208862461080507290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, companyId=1208862461067924375, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208862461088895899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, companyId=1208862461067924375, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=郑州大学第一附属医院心血管外科,郑州 450052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208862465291587708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The ECG of normal rats and typical atrial fibrillation rats, figureFileSmall=5wGfuOWSNhgsLIAixJmm0Q==, figureFileBig=YN/3StZD6lJ6AiStyttwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465379668099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=CN, label=图1, caption=正常及房颤大鼠心电图表现, figureFileSmall=5wGfuOWSNhgsLIAixJmm0Q==, figureFileBig=YN/3StZD6lJ6AiStyttwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465618743441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Myocardial cell morphology and structure of rats in each group (HE ×400), figureFileSmall=rTlLaU682tyHUgTKqfoxKg==, figureFileBig=5h6tOl3DmF4RM/aGLHUOcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465698435227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组心肌细胞形态和结构的HE染色结果(×400)

A. 正常对照组;B. 模型组;C. 紫草素组

, figureFileSmall=rTlLaU682tyHUgTKqfoxKg==, figureFileBig=5h6tOl3DmF4RM/aGLHUOcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465778127005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Myocardial tissue of rats in each group (Masson ×400), figureFileSmall=OH2MW6BrEHC6QQG0mcPlPQ==, figureFileBig=IFXdyaItzc5cat7Ig7SupA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465862013092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组心肌组织Masson染色结果(×400)

A. 正常对照组;B. 模型组;C. 紫草素组

, figureFileSmall=OH2MW6BrEHC6QQG0mcPlPQ==, figureFileBig=IFXdyaItzc5cat7Ig7SupA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862465983647916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Protein expressions of myocardial tissue of rats in each group (n=10), figureFileSmall=uM+T2U16jJtedby+wZFxNg==, figureFileBig=qu09gj5DOpbF1Ri+iZtW8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862466071728304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组心肌组织蛋白表达情况(n=10)

ColⅠ. 胶原蛋白Ⅰ;ERK1/2. 细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2;NF-κB. 核转录因子-κB;与正常对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=uM+T2U16jJtedby+wZFxNg==, figureFileBig=qu09gj5DOpbF1Ri+iZtW8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862466193363128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of echocardiographic parameters in each group of rats ($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LVEF(%)LVFS(%)LVESD(mm)LVEDD(mm)
正常对照组69.73±8.2245.13±6.543.29±0.616.34±0.77
模型组50.79±6.41(1)25.09±5.23(1)7.01±0.77(1)9.71±0.84(1)
紫草素组61.40±5.06(1)(2)36.51±5.00(1)(2)4.15±0.52(1)(2)7.15±0.78(1)(2)
F20.13631.87092.10648.683
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1208862466298220735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862456605184862, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组超声心动图参数比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LVEF(%)LVFS(%)LVESD(mm)LVEDD(mm)
正常对照组69.73±8.2245.13±6.543.29±0.616.34±0.77
模型组50.79±6.41(1)25.09±5.23(1)7.01±0.77(1)9.71±0.84(1)
紫草素组61.40±5.06(1)(2)36.51±5.00(1)(2)4.15±0.52(1)(2)7.15±0.78(1)(2)
F20.13631.87092.10648.683
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
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紫草素抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB通路对大鼠心房颤动的改善作用
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舒礼良 , 黄功成 , 郝爽 , 黄辰 , 朱效华 , 徐敬
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(8): 757-762
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(8): 757-762
紫草素抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB通路对大鼠心房颤动的改善作用
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舒礼良, 黄功成, 郝爽, 黄辰, 朱效华, 徐敬
作者信息
  • 郑州大学第一附属医院心血管外科,郑州 450052
  • 舒礼良,医学博士,副主任医师,主要从事冠心病发病机制及其防治方面的研究

Effect of shikonin on improving atrial fibrillation of rats by inhibiting ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway
Li-Liang Shu, Gong-Cheng Huang, Shuang Hao, Chen Huang, Xiao-Hua Zhu, Jing Xu
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
出版时间: 2021-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.03
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目的 探讨紫草素通过细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)介导心肌细胞纤维化对大鼠心房颤动(简称房颤)的改善作用。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、紫草素组,每组10只。紫草素组大鼠以4 mg/kg紫草素灌胃给药,正常对照组和模型组大鼠等量生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d;除正常对照组外,其余组大鼠按照1 ml/kg的剂量尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(ACh-CaCl2)混合液1次/d、连续7 d建立房颤模型,正常对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水,7 d后取材。心电图检测各组大鼠房颤诱发时间和持续时间;超声心动图检测各组大鼠心功能;HE染色观察各组大鼠心肌组织病理学改变;Masson染色检测各组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比;Western blotting检测各组大鼠胶原蛋白Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ)、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达情况。结果 正常对照组大鼠心肌细胞排列致密、整齐;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱、肥大、间隙增宽;紫草素组大鼠心肌细胞形态和结构较模型组有所改善。与正常对照组比较,模型组及紫草素组大鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)降低,左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVEED)增高,胶原面积百分比增加,Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长、持续时间缩短,LVEF、LVFS升高,LVESD、LVEED缩短,胶原面积百分比减小,Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 紫草素可能通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路而减轻心肌纤维化,抑制房颤的发生,并改善心功能。

心房颤动  /  紫草素  /  纤维化  /  细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2  /  核转录因子-κB

Objective To investigate the effect of shikonin on atrial fibrillation of rats with myocardial fibrosis mediated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2(ERK1/2)/nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, shikonin group (10 each). Rats in shikonin group were intragastrically given shikonin 4 mg/kg, in normal control and model groups were given the same amount of normal saline, 1 time/d for consecutive 7 days; Rats in model and shikonin groups were tail intravenous injected with 1 ml/kg ACh-CaCl2 mixed liquor to establish atrial fibrillation model, 1 time/d for consecutive 7 days, and in normal control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline, taken materials after 7 days. Electrocardiogram was used to record the induced time and duration of atrial fibrillation, and the cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. The pathological condition of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining. Masson staining was performed to detect the percentage of collagen area in myocardial tissue. The protein expressions of Collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blotting. Results The cardiomyocytes were arranged in compact and orderly manner in normal control group, while in model group were disordered, hypertrophic and widened. Shikonin improved the morphology and structure of cardiomyocytes. Compared with normal control group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) decreased, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), percentage of collagen area, the expressions of ColⅠ, p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB p65 protein increased (P<0.05) in model group and shikonin group; Compared with model group, the induced time of atrial fibrillation was longer, duration time was shorter in shikonin group, LVEF and LVFS increased, LVESD and LVEED, percentage of collagen area, and the expressions of ColⅠ, p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB p65 protein were decreased in shikonin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Shikonin may mitigate the myocardial fibrosis, inhibit the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, and improve myocardial function by inhibiting ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway.

atrial fibrillation  /  shikonin  /  fibrosis  /  extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2  /  nuclear factor-kappaB
舒礼良, 黄功成, 郝爽, 黄辰, 朱效华, 徐敬. 紫草素抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB通路对大鼠心房颤动的改善作用. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (8) : 757 -762 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.03
Li-Liang Shu, Gong-Cheng Huang, Shuang Hao, Chen Huang, Xiao-Hua Zhu, Jing Xu. Effect of shikonin on improving atrial fibrillation of rats by inhibiting ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (8) : 757 -762 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.03
心房颤动(简称房颤)是心脏疾病患者常见的一种临床表现,目前其治疗仍是世界难题[1-2]。心肌纤维化造成的心房重构是导致房颤的主要原因之一[3],可能成为房颤干预的重要切入点。紫草素(shikonin)是从紫草科植物紫草中提取的一种萘醌类化合物,具有多种药理学作用,如抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和浸润,减轻四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的肝纤维化,以及博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化等[4-7],但是否能改善大鼠房颤仍需进一步研究。本研究探讨紫草素对大鼠心肌纤维化、房颤的影响,旨在为紫草素作为临床治疗房颤的药物成分提供理论依据。
8周龄健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠30只,体重180~200 g,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[SCXK(京)2017-0011]。实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物管理和使用的规定。
紫草素(纯度≥98%)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、CaCl2购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;兔抗鼠胶原蛋白Ⅰ(Collagen Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ)、细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)、p-ERK1/2、核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB) p65、p-NF-κB p65、GAPDH一抗购自英国Abcam公司;HRP标记的山羊抗兔二抗购自美国Sigma公司;苏木精-伊红(HE)试剂盒、Masson染色试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物科技有限公司;TGL-16M高速离心机购自湖南长沙湘仪仪器厂;EN61010-1水平电泳仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司;电子心电图机购自成都泰盟科技有限公司。
30只大鼠适应性喂养2 d后,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、紫草素组,每组10只。紫草素组大鼠按照紫草素4 mg/kg(溶于0.2%DMSO)的剂量灌胃给药[8],正常对照组、模型组大鼠灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续7 d;1周后,紫草素组和模型组大鼠按照1 ml/kg的剂量尾静脉注射ACh-CaCl2混合液(66 μg ACh+10 mg/ml CaCl2溶于0.9%的NaCl),1次/d,连续注射7 d,正常对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水,7 d后取材进行下一步实验。
末次尾静脉注射ACh-CaCl2混合液的同时,以1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,固定于鼠板上,电子心电图机进行肢体导联,记录各组大鼠心电图。模型组和紫草素组大鼠给药后发生阵发性房颤,以出现f波及p波消失为发生房颤的标志,以f波消失及p波出现为房颤终止的标记[9]。记录房颤的诱发时间和持续时间。
心电图记录完毕后,进行超声心动图检测。大鼠胸部脱毛,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测各组大鼠左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、左心室传张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)。
超声心动图检测完成后,30只大鼠脱颈处死,剥离心脏,生理盐水清洗后切取部分心房组织,保存于–196 ℃液氮中,用于蛋白提取。其余心房组织置于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,脱水、包埋后做石蜡切片,每张切片的厚度为4 μm。严格按照试剂盒说明书进行HE染色,光学显微镜下观察心肌组织形态。
石蜡切片经60 ℃烤片30 min后,常规脱蜡,苏木精染色5 min,酸性乙醇分化,酸性品红溶液染色3 min,磷钼酸染色10 min,苯胺蓝溶液染色10 min,酸性乙醇分化,常规脱水,透明,中性树胶封片。待中性树胶凝固后,光学显微镜下观察大鼠心肌细胞间隙胶原沉积情况。每张切片随机选取5个视野,采用Image J软件测定每个视野蓝染区域面积,计算胶原面积百分比。胶原面积百分比(%)=蓝染区面积/整个视野面积×100%。
取出液氮中的心房组织,匀浆后,加入RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白浓度,加入溴酚蓝后煮沸使蛋白稳定。每孔加入20 μl蛋白样品,恒压120 V电泳,待溴酚蓝电泳至凝胶底部时,停止电泳。0.3 A恒流湿转,2 h后结束(采用PVDF膜)。TBST洗膜5 min×3次,封闭1 h。加入Col Ⅰ、ERK1/2、NF-κB p65、p-ERK1/2、p-NF-κB p65和GAPDH一抗4 ℃孵育过夜,TBST洗膜5 min×3次,加入二抗室温孵育1 h,TBST洗膜5 min×3次后ECL显色。ImageJ软件分析蛋白条带灰度值,以目的蛋白条带灰度值与GAPDH蛋白条带灰度值的比值作为目的蛋白的相对表达水平。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
正常对照组大鼠心电图可见明显p波,模型组和紫草素组大鼠尾静脉注射ACh-CaCl2混合液后则出现典型房颤改变:f波出现,p波消失(图1)。模型组房颤诱发时间和持续时间分别为(4.53±0.41) s、(6.83±0.72) s,与模型组比较,紫草素组房颤诱发时间[(7.57±0.58) s]明显延长,持续时间[(3.82±0.81) s]明显缩短(P<0.05)。
超声心动图检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组及紫草素组LVEF、LVFS降低,LVESD、LVEDD增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组LVEF、LVFS升高,LVESD、LVEDD缩短(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义(表1)。
HE染色结果显示,正常对照组大鼠心肌细胞排列致密、整齐;模型组大鼠心肌细胞出现排列紊乱、肥大、细胞间隙增宽;紫草素组大鼠心肌细胞形态和结构损伤程度较模型组有所改善(图2)。
Masson染色结果显示,与正常对照组(1.02%±0.11%)比较,模型组及紫草素组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比(分别为3.57%±0.42%、2.33%±0.30%)均明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比减小(P<0.05)(图3)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组及紫草素组Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);各组间ERK1/2、NF-κB p65蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图4)。
房颤是导致患者卒中发生率及病死率明显增高的原因之一[10]。目前认为,房颤主要是由心房结构重构、心房肌电重构以及自主神经失调引起,心房结构重构包括心房肌细胞凋亡、心脏成纤维细胞增殖或炎症等异常生理过程造成的细胞外基质沉积导致的心房纤维化等改变。发生纤维化时,正常心肌细胞周围包绕胶原纤维,心肌细胞间电传导的连续性被破坏,导致心房相邻肌束之间解偶联,局部电传导被阻滞,传导异质性增强,且传导速度减慢,电传导在心房内形成折返环,从而引发房颤[11]。因此,心肌纤维化可能是房颤治疗的一个潜在关键因素和生物标志物[12-13]。紫草素在抑制炎症反应和纤维化中的作用已有报道,但紫草素能否减轻房颤模型大鼠心肌纤维化,改善心功能尚需进一步研究。因此,本研究探讨了紫草素对ACh-CaCl2混合液引起的房颤大鼠的保护作用及其可能的机制。
ACh作用于心房肌胆碱能M型受体,激活ACh依赖性K+通道,K+外流增加,使心房肌细胞快速复极,动作电位时长和有效不应期缩短,致使房颤持续时间延长。心肌细胞外Ca2+浓度增加,使心肌细胞膜上钙通道关闭,而L型钙通道在动作电位平台期可将Ca2+由膜外转至膜内,一旦钙通道关闭将导致Ca2+内流减少,心房肌细胞动作电位除极缓慢,则可促发房颤。因此,本研究采用ACh-CaCl2混合液尾静脉注射建立房颤大鼠模型,然后通过灌胃给药研究紫草素对房颤的影响。心电图结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素治疗后f波出现时间延长,持续时间缩短。超声心动图检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组LVEF、LVFS降低,LVESD、LVEDD增高,大鼠心功能严重损伤;与模型组比较,紫草素组LVEF、LVFS升高,LVESD、LVEDD降低,心功能改善,提示大鼠发生房颤时,心肌细胞损伤严重,心肌组织出现明显纤维化,而紫草素治疗后可明显减轻心肌细胞损伤,并抑制心肌纤维化,与季佳文等[14]的研究结果一致。此外,还有研究发现,紫草素可抑制多种脏器如肝脏[15]、肾脏[16]等的纤维化。因此,紫草素可能通过抑制心肌纤维化而改善房颤大鼠的心电功能。
NF-κB是一种普遍存在的转录因子,参与了大鼠心肌细胞凋亡、脂多糖诱导的炎症反应、肿瘤细胞增殖及迁移等多种下游基因的调控,与多种疾病的发展过程有关[17-19]。NF-κB家族由P50、P52、P65、c-Rel和ReIB 5个成员组成,其中P65是NF-κB家族中主要的转录因子,在肾脏、肝脏、肺脏等器官的纤维化中发挥调节作用[20-21]。ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路在调节炎症反应过程中具有重要作用,李霞等[22]发现,复方钩藤降压片可通过抑制NF-κB信号通路降低自发性高血压大鼠的炎症反应。姜京植等[23]发现,葫芦素E可通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路发挥抑炎作用,从而减轻哮喘小鼠的气道炎症。在外界因素刺激下,ERK1/2被激活发生磷酸化,而磷酸化的ERK1/2作用于NF-κB,使NF-κB二聚体解体并发生磷酸化后从细胞质转位入细胞核,进一步介导炎症反应。李小兵等[24]发现,房颤大鼠心肌组织中ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路被激活,炎性细胞浸润,炎性因子升高,心肌细胞外胶原沉积。心肌细胞外大量胶原沉积造成心肌纤维化,而心肌纤维化可破坏心房组织的结构和功能,导致房颤的发生发展。适量的炎性因子可促进心肌成纤维细胞增殖并合成胶原,有利于坏死组织修复,但炎性因子的持续分泌则可开启并放大炎症反应级联效应,合成大量胶原并沉积,最终导致心肌纤维化。Wang等[25]发现,紫草素抑制ERK/NF-κB信号通路可减轻过敏性气道重塑。Yang等[26]发现,紫草素可通过抑制NF-κB信号通路在脂多糖诱导的乳腺炎中发挥抗炎作用。本研究通过紫草素灌胃治疗房颤模型大鼠,并采用Western blotting检测ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白及纤维化标志性胶原蛋白Col Ⅰ的表达,结果显示,房颤大鼠心房组织中Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2及p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平升高,而紫草素治疗后,大鼠心房组织中Col Ⅰ、p-ERK1/2及p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平降低,提示紫草素可通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB p65信号通路减少细胞外胶原沉积,减轻心肌纤维化,改善房颤大鼠的心功能。
综上所述,紫草素可通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路减轻心肌纤维化,抑制房颤的发生,并改善心功能。但本研究仍存在一些不足之处:纤维化是一个多因素网格化相互作用的过程,本研究仅探讨了ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路在此过程中的作用;此外本研究缺乏ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路激活引起纤维化后加重房颤的直接证据。本研究为临床治疗房颤提供了新的思路和方向,但后续仍需进一步探讨更具体、全面的作用机制。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81800319)
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2021年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.08.03
  • 接收时间:2021-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-01
  • 修回日期:2021-06-16
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800319)
国家自然科学基金(81800319)
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    郑州大学第一附属医院心血管外科,郑州 450052
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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