Article(id=1208862370391257353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1612800000000, receivedDateStr=2021-02-09, revisedDate=1626969600000, revisedDateStr=2021-07-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766144848678, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1632758400000, pubDateStr=2021-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766144848678, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766144848678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144848678, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208862365714616539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='849', pageEnd='953', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766144847562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144914151, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208862645055254758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208862645055254759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=883, endPage=891, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208862370751967511, articleId=1208862370391257353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect of tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in rats. Methods The spinal astrocytes of newborn SD rats were isolated and cultured. Cells were divided into control group (without treatment) and OGD/R group (cells were exposed to OGD/R). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TRB3 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cells were divided into control group, Scramble group (infected with scramble virus) and shTRB3 group (infected with TRB3 shRNA lentivirus), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRB3 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting to confirmed knockdown efficiency.Cells were divided into control group, OGD/R group, Scramble group, shTRB3 group, OGD/R+Scramble group (cells were infected with scramble virus, and then treated with OGD/R) and OGD/R+shTRB3 group (cells were infected with TRB3 shRNA lentivirus,and then treated with OGD/R). The cell apoptosis, cell viability and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate were detected by flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, and LDH detection kit, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by the TBA method and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was tested by the xanthine oxidase method. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)p65 was measured by Western blotting. Cells in OGD/R and OGD/R+shTRB3 were also treated with NF-κB p65 agonist betulinic acid (BA, 20 μmol/L), and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the mRNA (2.15±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.05) and protein (2.10±0.16 vs. 1.00±0.08) expression levels of TRB3 in spinal astrocytes were upregulated after OGD/R (P<0.05). Compared with control group, TRB3 shRNA lentivirus infection significantly decreased mRNA (0.30±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.10) and protein (0.30±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.06) expression levels of TRB3 (P<0.05).Compared with control group, OGD/R group and OGD/R+Scramble group showed significantly decreased cell viability, SOD activity and nuclear NF-κB p65 level, and increased LDH, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β levels and cell apoptosis rate (P<0.05), indicated that TRB3 shRNA lentivirus infection is successful. Compared with OGD/R group and OGD/R+Scramble group, TRB3 silencing significantly inhibited OGD/R induced decreased cell viability, SOD activity and nuclear NF-κB p65 level (P<0.05). And the increase of LDH, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and apoptosis induced by OGD/R was significantly inhibited by TRB3 silencing (P<0.05).Compared with OGD/R group, NF-κB p65 activator BA treatment could significantly increase cell apoptosis rate (36.15%±0.87%vs. 24.70%±1.05%, P<0.05), and it also could reverse the effect of TRB3 silencing on OGD/R induced cell apoptosis rate(22.00%±1.04% vs. 13.91%±1.20%, P<0.05). Conclusion TRB3 silencing inhibits OGD/R-induced rat spinal astrocyte injury,which may be mediated by blocking the NF-κB pathway.

, correspAuthors=Hui Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨Tribbles同源蛋白3(TRB3)对氧糖剥夺/再灌注(OGD/R)诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响。方法 分离培养新生SD大鼠的脊髓星形胶质细胞,设置对照组(不做任何处理)、OGD/R组(进行OGD/R处理),采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测TRB3 mRNA和蛋白的表达;设置对照组(不做任何处理)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)与shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒),采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测TRB3 mRNA和蛋白的表达,确定TRB3 shRNA慢病毒干扰效率;设置对照组(正常培养)、OGD/R组(进行OGD/R处理)、shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)、OGD/R+shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理)与OGD/R+Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理),采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性检测试剂盒测定LDH漏出率,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,Western blotting检测核因子κB(NF-κB) p65蛋白表达水平。使用NF-κB p65激动剂白桦脂酸(BA)20 μmol/L处理OGD/R组和OGD/R+shTRB3组细胞,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,OGD/R处理后,脊髓星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(2.15±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.05)和蛋白(2.10±0.16 vs. 1.00±0.08)表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(0.30±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.10)和蛋白(0.30±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.06)表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),表明TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染成功。与对照组比较,OGD/R组、OGD/R+Scramble组星形胶质细胞活性、SOD活性及细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低,LDH漏出率、MDA含量、TNF-α水平、IL-1β水平及细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05);与OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组比较,OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞活性、SOD活性及细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显增高,LDH漏出率、MDA含量、TNF-α水平、IL-1β水平及细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05)。与OGD/R组比较,BA处理能明显提高细胞凋亡率(36.15%±0.87% vs. 24.70%±1.05%,P<0.05);与OGD/R+shTRB3组比较,BA处理能逆转TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染对OGD/R诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制作用(22.00%±1.04% vs. 13.91%±1.20%,P<0.05)。结论 TRB3沉默可能通过阻断NF-κB通路而减轻OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤。

, correspAuthors=张辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张辉,E-mail:
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徐汪洋,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科脊髓损伤方面的研究

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徐汪洋,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科脊髓损伤方面的研究

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徐汪洋,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科脊髓损伤方面的研究

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绿色示FITC标记的GFAP;蓝色示DAPI标记的细胞核

, figureFileSmall=D1gcXIQeyXWhlcTCDixqWg==, figureFileBig=IbBZtpI5If/b+6rjGYHLhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188408394178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The mRNA and protein expression levels of TRB3 in rat spinal astrocytes after OGD/R treatment (n=3), figureFileSmall=Cr8CP2Hg9PlN7z55abXnKA==, figureFileBig=aoJ1Du820gHCmVOz4t6VVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188479697350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OGD/R处理后大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA和蛋白表达情况(n=3)

A. Real-time PCR检测TRB3 mRNA表达水平;B. Western blotting检测TRB3蛋白表达水平;TRB3. Tribbles同源蛋白3;OGD/R. 氧糖剥夺/再灌注;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=Cr8CP2Hg9PlN7z55abXnKA==, figureFileBig=aoJ1Du820gHCmVOz4t6VVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188551000523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of TRB3 silencing on the OGD/R-induced apoptosis in rat spinal astrocytes (n=3), figureFileSmall=APUjbs3sVOctbyuQsFqLCg==, figureFileBig=oa3jm+4N2erMfNvnKCGC4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188618109389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响(n=3)

A、B. 感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒后,大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA及蛋白表达情况;C. 流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况;TRB3. Tribbles同源蛋白3;OGD/R. 氧糖剥夺/再灌注;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与Scramble组比较,(2)P<0.05;与shTRB3组比较,(3)P<0.05;与OGD/R组比较,(4)P<0.05;与OGD/R+Scramble组比较,(5)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=APUjbs3sVOctbyuQsFqLCg==, figureFileBig=oa3jm+4N2erMfNvnKCGC4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188706189775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=NF-κB p65 participates in the regulation of TRB3 silencing on OGD/R induced rat spinal astrocytes apoptosis (n=3), figureFileSmall=BpeP9KgjSZQl9UixlyU40g==, figureFileBig=2dfRekfioCQTI9EdD5bZYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188785881555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=CN, label=图4, caption=NF-κB p65参与TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞凋亡的调节(n=3)

A. TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的大鼠星形胶质细胞中NF-κB p65表达的影响;B. BA处理对OGD/R组和OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响;TRB3. Tribbles同源蛋白3;OGD/R. 氧糖剥夺/再灌注;NF-κB. 核因子κB;BA. 白桦脂酸;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与Scramble组比较,(2)P<0.05;与shTRB3组比较,(3)P<0.05;与OGD/R组比较,(4)P<0.05;与OGD/R+Scramble组比较,(5)P<0.05;与OGD/R+shTRB3组比较,(6)P<0.05;与BA组比较,(7)P<0.05;与OGD/R+BA组比较,(8)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=BpeP9KgjSZQl9UixlyU40g==, figureFileBig=2dfRekfioCQTI9EdD5bZYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209154188890739157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Effects of TRB3 silencing on cell viability and LDH leakage rate, SOD activity and MDA content in OGD/R-induced rat spinal astrocytes ($\bar{x}±s$, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别细胞活性(%)LDH漏出率(%)MDA含量(nmol/ml)SOD活性(ng/ml)
对照组100.0±6.216.53±0.602.15±0.172.97±0.11
Scramble组99.0±3.617.50±0.362.56±0.263.07±0.02
shTRB3组109.0±3.018.80±0.532.51±0.163.19±0.10
OGD/R组47.0±6.6(1)(2)(3)43.17±2.20(1)(2)(3)5.49±0.167(1)(2)(3)1.42±0.12(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+Scramble组49.0±5.6(1)(2)(3)47.13±1.50(1)(2)(3)5.57±0.15(1)(2)(3)1.44±0.09(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+shTRB3组82.7±6.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)25.63±1.05(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)3.44±0.23(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.25±0.19(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F76.28371.5190.8144.4
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209154188953653718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞活性、LDH漏出率、MDA含量及SOD活性的影响($\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别细胞活性(%)LDH漏出率(%)MDA含量(nmol/ml)SOD活性(ng/ml)
对照组100.0±6.216.53±0.602.15±0.172.97±0.11
Scramble组99.0±3.617.50±0.362.56±0.263.07±0.02
shTRB3组109.0±3.018.80±0.532.51±0.163.19±0.10
OGD/R组47.0±6.6(1)(2)(3)43.17±2.20(1)(2)(3)5.49±0.167(1)(2)(3)1.42±0.12(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+Scramble组49.0±5.6(1)(2)(3)47.13±1.50(1)(2)(3)5.57±0.15(1)(2)(3)1.44±0.09(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+shTRB3组82.7±6.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)25.63±1.05(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)3.44±0.23(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.25±0.19(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F76.28371.5190.8144.4
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209154189121425882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effects of TRB3 silencing on the TNF-α and IL-1β levels in OGD/R-induced rat spinal astrocytes (ng/ml,$\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TNF-αIL-1β
对照组0.24±0.010.13±0.01
Scramble组0.24±0.020.14±0.00
shTRB3组0.27±0.010.15±0.01
OGD/R组0.42±0.02(1)(2)(3)0.31±0.02(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+Scramble组0.43±0.02(1)(2)(3)0.32±0.01(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+shTRB3组0.31±0.03(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)0.22±0.02(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F71.86115.10
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209154189255643612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862370391257353, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞中TNF-α和IL-1β水平的影响(ng/ml,$\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TNF-αIL-1β
对照组0.24±0.010.13±0.01
Scramble组0.24±0.020.14±0.00
shTRB3组0.27±0.010.15±0.01
OGD/R组0.42±0.02(1)(2)(3)0.31±0.02(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+Scramble组0.43±0.02(1)(2)(3)0.32±0.01(1)(2)(3)
OGD/R+shTRB3组0.31±0.03(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)0.22±0.02(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F71.86115.10
P<0.001<0.001
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TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响
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徐汪洋 , 王业杨 , 张辉 * , 黄丽珊
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(9): 883-891
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(9): 883-891
TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响
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徐汪洋, 王业杨, 张辉* , 黄丽珊
作者信息
  • 广东省第二人民医院骨科中心,广州 515000
  • 徐汪洋,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科脊髓损伤方面的研究

通讯作者:

张辉,E-mail:
Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats
Wang-Yang Xu, Ye-Yang Wang, Hui Zhang* , Li-Shan Huang
Affiliations
  • Center of Orthopedics, the Second People’s Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 515000, China
出版时间: 2021-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07
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目的 探讨Tribbles同源蛋白3(TRB3)对氧糖剥夺/再灌注(OGD/R)诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响。方法 分离培养新生SD大鼠的脊髓星形胶质细胞,设置对照组(不做任何处理)、OGD/R组(进行OGD/R处理),采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测TRB3 mRNA和蛋白的表达;设置对照组(不做任何处理)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)与shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒),采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别检测TRB3 mRNA和蛋白的表达,确定TRB3 shRNA慢病毒干扰效率;设置对照组(正常培养)、OGD/R组(进行OGD/R处理)、shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)、OGD/R+shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理)与OGD/R+Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理),采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性检测试剂盒测定LDH漏出率,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,Western blotting检测核因子κB(NF-κB) p65蛋白表达水平。使用NF-κB p65激动剂白桦脂酸(BA)20 μmol/L处理OGD/R组和OGD/R+shTRB3组细胞,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,OGD/R处理后,脊髓星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(2.15±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.05)和蛋白(2.10±0.16 vs. 1.00±0.08)表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(0.30±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.10)和蛋白(0.30±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.06)表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),表明TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染成功。与对照组比较,OGD/R组、OGD/R+Scramble组星形胶质细胞活性、SOD活性及细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低,LDH漏出率、MDA含量、TNF-α水平、IL-1β水平及细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05);与OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组比较,OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞活性、SOD活性及细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显增高,LDH漏出率、MDA含量、TNF-α水平、IL-1β水平及细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05)。与OGD/R组比较,BA处理能明显提高细胞凋亡率(36.15%±0.87% vs. 24.70%±1.05%,P<0.05);与OGD/R+shTRB3组比较,BA处理能逆转TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染对OGD/R诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制作用(22.00%±1.04% vs. 13.91%±1.20%,P<0.05)。结论 TRB3沉默可能通过阻断NF-κB通路而减轻OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤。

脊髓损伤  /  星形胶质细胞  /  氧糖剥夺/再灌注  /  Tribbles同源蛋白3

Objective To explore the effect of tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in rats. Methods The spinal astrocytes of newborn SD rats were isolated and cultured. Cells were divided into control group (without treatment) and OGD/R group (cells were exposed to OGD/R). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TRB3 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cells were divided into control group, Scramble group (infected with scramble virus) and shTRB3 group (infected with TRB3 shRNA lentivirus), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRB3 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting to confirmed knockdown efficiency.Cells were divided into control group, OGD/R group, Scramble group, shTRB3 group, OGD/R+Scramble group (cells were infected with scramble virus, and then treated with OGD/R) and OGD/R+shTRB3 group (cells were infected with TRB3 shRNA lentivirus,and then treated with OGD/R). The cell apoptosis, cell viability and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate were detected by flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, and LDH detection kit, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by the TBA method and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was tested by the xanthine oxidase method. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)p65 was measured by Western blotting. Cells in OGD/R and OGD/R+shTRB3 were also treated with NF-κB p65 agonist betulinic acid (BA, 20 μmol/L), and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the mRNA (2.15±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.05) and protein (2.10±0.16 vs. 1.00±0.08) expression levels of TRB3 in spinal astrocytes were upregulated after OGD/R (P<0.05). Compared with control group, TRB3 shRNA lentivirus infection significantly decreased mRNA (0.30±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.10) and protein (0.30±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.06) expression levels of TRB3 (P<0.05).Compared with control group, OGD/R group and OGD/R+Scramble group showed significantly decreased cell viability, SOD activity and nuclear NF-κB p65 level, and increased LDH, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β levels and cell apoptosis rate (P<0.05), indicated that TRB3 shRNA lentivirus infection is successful. Compared with OGD/R group and OGD/R+Scramble group, TRB3 silencing significantly inhibited OGD/R induced decreased cell viability, SOD activity and nuclear NF-κB p65 level (P<0.05). And the increase of LDH, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and apoptosis induced by OGD/R was significantly inhibited by TRB3 silencing (P<0.05).Compared with OGD/R group, NF-κB p65 activator BA treatment could significantly increase cell apoptosis rate (36.15%±0.87%vs. 24.70%±1.05%, P<0.05), and it also could reverse the effect of TRB3 silencing on OGD/R induced cell apoptosis rate(22.00%±1.04% vs. 13.91%±1.20%, P<0.05). Conclusion TRB3 silencing inhibits OGD/R-induced rat spinal astrocyte injury,which may be mediated by blocking the NF-κB pathway.

spinal cord injury  /  astrocytes  /  oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation  /  tribbles homologue 3
徐汪洋, 王业杨, 张辉, 黄丽珊. TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (9) : 883 -891 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07
Wang-Yang Xu, Ye-Yang Wang, Hui Zhang, Li-Shan Huang. Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (9) : 883 -891 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07
脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一种破坏性的创伤[1],可导致神经功能缺损[2]、瘫痪,甚至死亡[3]。星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中一类重要的胶质细胞,对保护中枢神经系统中的神经元非常重要[4-5],成为近年来SCI修复的研究热点[6]。Tribbles同源蛋白3(Tribbles homologue 3,TRB3)是一种细胞转录调控因子,参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡,与机体炎症反应、氧化应激和肿瘤代谢等多种过程密切相关[7]。研究发现,TRB3表达下调对全脑缺血再灌注损伤所致大鼠神经元凋亡具有保护作用[8-9],但目前其对SCI的作用研究较少。本研究旨在探讨TRB3对氧糖剥夺/再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R)诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响,以为治疗SCI引起的星形胶质细胞损伤及多种炎症反应提供靶点。
DMEM/F12培养基、胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);TRB3 shRNA慢病毒(上海GenePharma公司);CCK-8试剂盒(江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司);乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1,IL-1β) ELISA试剂盒(武汉博士德生物工程有限公司);Annexin V-FITC/PI试剂盒(上海翊圣生物科技有限公司);Trizol试剂、Revert Aid第一链cDNA synthesis反转录试剂盒(日本TaKaRa公司);BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(碧云天生物技术研究所);ECL化学发光试剂、PVDF膜(美国Millipore公司);细胞核蛋白提取试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);抗TRB3抗体、抗核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)抗体、抗β-actin兔克隆抗体、抗GFAP抗体(英国Abcam公司);HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG、FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG(北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司);白桦脂酸(betulinic acid,BA) (美国MedChemExpress公司)。
新生SD雄性大鼠20只,由广东省医学实验动物中心提供[实验动物许可证号:SYXK(粤)2013-0011]。本研究通过广东省第二人民医院医学伦理委员会审批(20200622-GZSKJ-14),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。参照Liu等[10]的方法,从新生2 d的SD大鼠中分离培养脊髓星形胶质细胞。无菌条件下剖开大鼠椎管,小心剥离脊膜和血管,分离出脊髓组织,剪成细小碎块,加入0.125%胰蛋白酶反复消化,然后加入含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液终止消化,用200目筛网过滤后制成细胞悬液。细胞以1×105个/cm2密度接种于培养瓶中,于37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养,每2 d换液1次,至第9天细胞基本融合成片,换液后于37 ℃摇床上240 r/min振荡培养24 h,弃上清(主要是小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞),每2 d振荡1次,重复2次。收集贴壁细胞,PBS洗涤,加入新鲜培养液继续培养1 d,经胰蛋白酶消化传代,取生长状态良好的第3代细胞,采用GFAP免疫荧光法进行鉴定,纯度超过90%可用于后续实验。
分离培养的大鼠星形胶质细胞进行细胞爬片,培养24 h,弃掉培养液,PBS洗涤1次;用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定20 min,PBS洗涤3次;用5% BSA室温下封闭2 h,加入GFAP一抗(1:500)4 ℃孵育过夜;次日PBS洗涤3次,滴加FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG(1:200)室温孵育2 h;洗涤后加入DAPI室温孵育20 min,对细胞核进行染色。洗涤后于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察并拍照。
将脊髓星形胶质细胞分为对照组(不做任何处理)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)与shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒)。将细胞于6孔板中培养,待融合度达50%时,根据慢病毒使用说明书对细胞进行感染,步骤如下:吸出孔内培养基,添加感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为20的慢病毒,继续培养12 h。次日更换培养基,继续培养48 h,收集细胞总RNA及总蛋白,采用Real-time PCR及Western blotting检测各组细胞中TRB3 mRNA及蛋白水平,确定TRB3 shRNA慢病毒干扰效率。
参照Sun等[11]的方法建立脊髓星形胶质细胞OGD/R模型。细胞用PBS洗涤后,于1% O2、5% CO2、37 ℃无糖DMEM/F12培养基中培养6 h,然后于正常条件下在正常培养基中培养24 h进行相关实验检测。
将细胞分为对照组(正常培养)、OGD/R组(进行OGD/R处理)、shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒)、Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒)、OGD/R+shTRB3组(感染TRB3 shRNA慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理)与OGD/R+Scramble组(感染阴性对照慢病毒后,进行OGD/R处理)。对于BA处理实验,OGD/R组和OGD/R+shTRB3组细胞在1% O2、5%CO2、37 ℃的无糖DMEM/F12培养基中培养6h后,加入20 μmol/L BA继续培养24 h。
收集各组细胞并调整细胞密度至1×106个/ml,用预冷的PBS洗涤3次,加入300 μl结合缓冲液,按照试剂盒说明书步骤按顺序加入Annexin-V及PI,室温避光孵育5 min,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。
将脊髓星形胶质细胞接种于96孔板(1×105个/ml)中,于37 ℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养24 h,按照上述分组进行相应处理后,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8溶液继续培养2 h,于450 nm波长处测定吸光度值(OD),每组3个复孔,实验至少重复3次。
收集各组细胞培养上清及细胞裂解物,用LDH活性检测试剂盒测定各组OD值,具体参照试剂盒说明书步骤操作,重复3次。细胞培养液LDH漏出率(%)=培养液OD值/(培养液OD值+细胞匀浆液OD值)×100%。
收集各组细胞培养上清,分别用黄嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法检测SOD活性和MDA含量,按照SOD、MDA试剂盒说明书步骤操作。
收集各组细胞培养上清,用ELISA试剂盒检测炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α的分泌量,具体按照试剂盒说明书步骤操作,重复3次。
用Trizol提取细胞总RNA,反转录成cDNA,以cDNA为模板进行扩增,按照Revert Aid第一链cDNA synthesis反转录试剂盒说明书步骤操作。反应条件:90 ℃ 10 min;94 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环。以GAPDH为内参,采用2–ΔΔCt法计算TRB3 mRNA相对表达量。引物由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成,序列如下:TRB3上游5'-TCCGTAGAGGGACCTTTGCC-3',下游5'-CCTCAACCAGGGATGTAGCAG-3';GAPDH上游5'-AGGTCGGTGTCAACGGATTT-3',下游5'-CAGCATCAAAGGTGGAGGAA-3'。
收集各组细胞,PBS洗涤后,加入RIPA裂解液裂解细胞,提取总蛋白,用BCA法测定总蛋白浓度。对于细胞核NF-κB p65的检测,使用核蛋白提取试剂盒提取细胞核蛋白,并测定浓度。取20 μg总蛋白行SDS-PAGE电泳,转膜,5%脱脂奶粉封闭,加入相应一抗孵育。对于TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染效率的检测,使用抗TRB3抗体(1:1000)孵育;对于细胞内NF-κB信号通路的检测,使用抗NF-κB p65抗体(1:500)孵育。洗膜后加入HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗(1:5000)孵育2 h。ECL化学发光法显影,ImageJ软件测定灰度值,以β-actin为内参,分析目的蛋白的相对表达量,每个样本重复3次。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
光镜下观察显示,培养3 d时,脊髓星形胶质细胞主要呈梭形或星形,形状多不规则,细胞质丰富,细胞核大(图1)。随机选取5个视野,计数GFAP阳性细胞和总细胞,阳性细胞率达95%以上,可用于后续实验。
与对照组比较,OGD/R组星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(2.15±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.05)和蛋白(2.10±0.16 vs. 1.00±0.08)表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。
为进一步研究TRB3的作用,使用TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染星形胶质细胞,并对TRB3 shRNA慢病毒干扰效率进行检测,结果显示,与对照组比较,Scramble组星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TRB3 mRNA(0.30±0.07 vs.1.00±0.10)和蛋白(0.30±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.06)表达水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3A、B),表明TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染成功。
流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组(2.4%±0.2%)比较,Scramble组(3.2%±0.4%)和shTRB3组(3.5%±0.5%)星形胶质细胞凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OGD/R组(24.9%±1.1%)、OGD/R+Scramble组(24.8%±1.5%)和OGD/R+shTRB3组(13.4%±0.2%)星形胶质细胞凋亡率明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞凋亡率明显低于OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3C)。
与对照组比较,Scramble组和shTRB3组细胞活性、LDH漏出率、MDA含量、SOD活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OGD/R组、OGD/R+Scramble组和OGD/R+shTRB3组细胞活性、SOD活性明显降低,LDH漏出率、MDA含量明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组比较,OGD/R+shTRB3组细胞活性、SOD活性明显升高,LDH漏出率、MDA含量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。
与对照组比较,Scramble组和shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OGD/R组、OGD/R+Scramble组和OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组比较,OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
为进一步研究TRB3调节OGD/R诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞凋亡的作用机制,对NF-κB信号通路进行检测,结果显示,各组星形胶质细胞中细胞质总NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组和Scramble组比较,shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与shTRB3组比较,OGD/R处理明显提高星形胶质细胞中细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与OGD/R组和OGD/R+Scramble组比较,OGD/R+shTRB3组星形胶质细胞中细胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4A)。进一步使用NF-κB激动剂BA处理OGD/R诱导的细胞,结果显示,与OGD/R组比较,BA处理能明显提高细胞凋亡率(36.15%±0.87% vs. 24.70%±1.05%,P<0.05);与OGD/R+shTRB3组比较,BA处理能逆转TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染对OGD/R诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制作用(13.91%±1.20% vs. 22.00%±1.04%,P<0.05,图4B)。
SCI可造成严重的神经损伤,并可进一步导致认知功能丧失、肢体运动障碍甚至瘫痪,给患者带来巨大的痛苦[12]。氧化应激反应、炎症反应及神经细胞凋亡在SCI的发生和发展中发挥重要作用[13]。TRB3是Tribbles同源蛋白家族成员之一,而TRB3基因属于内质网应激诱导基因,多种应激条件如内质网应激、营养不足及氧化应激等均能调控其在细胞中的表达[14-15]。研究发现,TRB3可激活IL-6,使细胞抵抗棕榈酸盐诱导的细胞凋亡。而TRB3表达下调可阻止细胞因子诱导的Bcl-2相关X蛋白(BAX)的构型变化,抑制细胞凋亡。在全脑缺血再灌注大鼠中,TRB3表达下调可抑制全脑缺血再灌注损伤导致的神经元凋亡[9]。本研究建立OGD/R星形胶质细胞模型,模拟体内脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后星形胶质细胞的病理变化,发现TRB3在大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞OGD/R模型中表达增加,提示TRB3可能在星形胶质细胞OGD/R损伤过程中发挥重要作用;采用TRB3 shRNA慢病毒感染细胞沉默TRB3的表达,进一步确定TRB3沉默可明显提高OGD/R诱导的星形胶质细胞的活性和细胞中SOD的活性,抑制LDH漏出,减少MDA的生成,从而减轻OGD/R对细胞的损伤。MDA和SOD是目前公认的SCI后能反映氧自由基水平的指标[16],前者为脂质过氧化的最终产物,后者为细胞内主要的抗氧化酶。发生SCI后,减少MDA的生成、提高SOD的活性可减轻脂质过氧化反应及抑制自由基的释放,从而减轻脊髓受到的继发性损伤,为损伤脊髓的修复创造较好的环境[17]
SCI可引起神经元凋亡增加,并可通过多种调节途径加重继发性SCI,导致不可逆的脊髓功能障碍[18]。本研究发现,OGD/R诱导大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤后,细胞凋亡增加,而TRB3沉默可明显抑制OGD/R诱导的星形胶质细胞凋亡。TRB3是C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的靶标之一,也是CHOP的调控因子,可通过负反馈机制严格调控CHOP信号通路。正常生理条件下,TRB3是内质网应激诱导细胞凋亡的传感器。由短暂、温和的内质网应激诱导表达的TRB3,可通过结合CHOP和激活转录因子4(ATF4)阻断其功能。但长期内质网应激可诱导细胞产生过量的TRB3,最终导致细胞凋亡[15,19-20]。SCI后,持续的内质网应激可诱导TRB3高表达,而过量的TRB3最终导致神经元凋亡增加,提示TRB3可能是应激依赖性细胞死亡疾病的潜在治疗靶点。然而,目前尚无商品化的TRB3小分子抑制剂。
炎症是SCI后继发性SCI的关键机制[21],主要是由损伤部位的星形胶质细胞分泌损伤相关分子引起的[22]。星形胶质细胞分泌的炎性因子如TNF-α和IL-1β等大量积聚并侵入SCI部位,可导致继发性炎症,从而加重SCI[23-24]。控制并减轻SCI后发生的炎症反应能够减轻SCI。本研究发现,OGD/R处理后,星形胶质细胞中TNF-α和IL-1β分泌增多,而TRB3沉默能够抑制OGD/R诱导的星形胶质细胞TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌,这可能有助于SCI后大鼠的功能恢复。
NF-κB是一种重要的转录因子,在SCI后发生的炎症反应、免疫应答、局部缺血再灌注及细胞凋亡等过程中起着重要作用[23,25]。NF-κB的细胞核易位及p65亚基的磷酸化对下游基因的激活至关重要。SCI后,NF-κB过度活化并迅速入核,调控靶基因引起严重的炎症反应,进一步加重SCI[26-27]。最近研究发现,NF-κB p65参与了TRB3的调节[15]。本研究发现,OGD/R处理后细胞核NF-κB p65表达水平升高,而TRB3沉默可抑制OGD/R诱导的细胞核NF-κB p65水平升高。进一步使用NF-κB激动剂BA处理细胞,发现BA能逆转TRB3沉默对OGD/R诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制作用,提示TRB3沉默可能通过抑制NF-κB通路活化而减轻脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,TRB3沉默能够减轻OGD/R诱导的脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤,该结果为SCI后修复提供了理论依据。但本研究为体外细胞实验,后续研究需要进一步使用脊髓损伤动物模型探讨TRB3对脊髓损伤修复的影响及潜在应用价值。此外,未来应对TRB3小分子抑制剂进行研究,以期为应激依赖性细胞死亡疾病如SCI的辅助治疗提供新思路。
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2018A0303130183)
  • 广东省第二人民医院院内青年基金(YQ2017-011)
  • 广东省第二人民医院博士工作站基金(2019BSGZ005)
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2021年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07
  • 接收时间:2021-02-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-09
  • 修回日期:2021-07-23
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130183)
广东省自然科学基金(2018A0303130183)
Youth Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital(YQ2017-011)
广东省第二人民医院院内青年基金(YQ2017-011)
Doctoral Workstation Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General hospital(2019BSGZ005)
广东省第二人民医院博士工作站基金(2019BSGZ005)
作者信息
    广东省第二人民医院骨科中心,广州 515000

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.07
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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