Article(id=1208862369413992735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1615219200000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-09, revisedDate=1629043200000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766144848445, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1632758400000, pubDateStr=2021-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766144848445, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766144848444, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144848444, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208862365714616539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='849', pageEnd='953', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766144847562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766144914151, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208862645055254758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208862645055254759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208862365714616539, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=876, endPage=882, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208862369682428204, articleId=1208862369413992735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on rats injured by side effect of 12C6+ beam radiation, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect and potential mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on rats injured by bystander effects of 12C6+ radiation. Methods A total of 70 Wistar male rats were randomized into the following groups (n=10):blank control group, radiation 24 h group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 24 h group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment 24 h group,radiation 7 d group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 7 d group, and Guiqi Yiyuan ointment 7 d group. Fourteen days before irradiation, rats in the groups with Guiqi Yiyuan ointment treatment received the same volume and concentration of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment. Other rats received the same amount of normal saline. After 14 days, the right lungs of each radiation group and the Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation group were irradiated with a single 4 Gy 12C6+ beam (exposing only the right lung). The blank control group and each Guiqi Yiyuan ointment group were not irradiated. Rats in each group were sacrificed at different time points such as 24 h and 7 d, and lung tissues were collected. The histology of the left and right lungs of each group was examined by HE staining.The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 in the left and right lung tissues were quantified by Q-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results HE staining results showed the normal structure of the right lung alveoli of blank control group and each Guiqi Yiyuan ointment group. In radiation 24 h group, the alveolar septum of both lungs increased with inflammatory cells infiltrated. In Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 24 h group, both lungs showed some broken alveolar septum and some infiltrated inflammatory cells. In radiation 7 d group, the alveolar septal fissure was obvious, the alveolar cavity expanded irregularly,the inflammatory cells infiltrated, and the degree of infiltration in the left lung was lighter than that in the right lung. In Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 7 d group, there was no fibrous hyperplasia, no congestion in the alveolar cavity, and the degree of left lung injury was lighter than that of the right lung. Q-PCR and Western blotting results showed that compared with blank control group,the expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the left and right lung tissues of rats in radiation 24 h group and radiation 7 d group increased (P<0.05), the expression level of p-Smad3 protein increased (P<0.05), the expression level of Smad6 mRNA in the right lung decreased (P<0.05), and the expression level of Smad6 mRNA in the left lung increased (P<0.05), the expression of Smad6 protein decreased in the left and right lung tissues (P<0.05), and the expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in radiation 7 d group were higher than those in radiation 24 h group (P<0.05), and there was a time effect. The expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein and p-Smad3 protein in the left and right lungs of rats in Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation group decreased, while the expression of Smad6 mRNA and protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Guiqi Yiyuan ointment has a protective effect on rats with bystander effects of radiation. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3, but increased Smad6 in the left and right lung tissues.

, correspAuthors=Jin-Tian Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨归芪益元膏对12C6+束辐射旁效应(RIBE)肺损伤大鼠的作用及可能机制。方法 70只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏24 h组、辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏7 d组,每组10只。各归芪益元膏组和归芪益元膏+辐射组照射前14d给予归芪益元膏灌胃,空白对照组和各辐射组灌胃等量生理盐水。14 d后,各辐射组及归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠右肺予4 Gy 12C6+束单次照射(仅暴露右肺部位),空白对照组与各归芪益元膏组不照射,照射后持续灌胃给药至24 h、7 d时间点处死大鼠,收集双肺组织,HE染色观察左右肺组织病理学变化,Q-PCR检测左右肺组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、p-Smad3 mRNA表达水平,Western blotting检测左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6蛋白表达水平。结果 HE染色结果显示,空白对照组及各归芪益元膏组双肺肺泡结构正常。辐射24 h组双肺肺泡间隔增大,炎性细胞浸润。归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组双肺部分肺泡间隔断裂,部分炎性细胞浸润。辐射7 d组肺泡间隔断裂明显,肺泡腔不规则扩大,炎性细胞浸润,左肺浸润程度较右肺轻。归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组无纤维增生,肺泡腔内无充血,左肺损伤程度较右肺轻。Q-PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,辐射24 h组和辐射7 d组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05),p-Smad3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),右肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05),左肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05),左右肺组织中Smad6蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),且辐射7 d组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于辐射24 h组(P<0.05),存在时间效应。与相同时间点辐射组比较,各归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白、p-Smad3蛋白表达水平降低,Smad6 mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 归芪益元膏对辐射旁效应肺损伤大鼠具有防护作用,其机制可能与下调肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3 mRNA和蛋白的表达,上调Smad6 mRNA和蛋白的表达有关。

, correspAuthors=李金田, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李金田,E-mail:
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马天星,博士研究生,主要从事重离子辐射旁效应方面的研究

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马天星,博士研究生,主要从事重离子辐射旁效应方面的研究

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马天星,博士研究生,主要从事重离子辐射旁效应方面的研究

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黑色箭头示出血;红色箭头示肺泡间隔断裂;黄色箭头示炎性细胞浸润

, figureFileSmall=0CX4uHNnLXbdhKM5YUjuUw==, figureFileBig=IiWUbLO9u5gk/D+yXf/j6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862376133268043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and Smad6 protein in left and right lung tissues of rats in each group (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=14o8BAwEqOLlhS6rII3XNQ==, figureFileBig=s0j9/gkXJfpwH8xS0J4gVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862376238125650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6蛋白表达水平(Western blotting)

TGF-β1. 转化生长因子-β1

, figureFileSmall=14o8BAwEqOLlhS6rII3XNQ==, figureFileBig=s0j9/gkXJfpwH8xS0J4gVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208862376342983256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Conversion coefficient and calculation method of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment administered dose

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组别药物剂量
空白对照组生理盐水1 ml/100 g
辐射24 h组生理盐水1ml/100 g
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
归芪益元膏24 h组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
辐射7 d组生理盐水1 ml/100 g
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
归芪益元膏7 d组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376468812380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

归芪益元膏给药剂量折算系数与计算方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别药物剂量
空白对照组生理盐水1 ml/100 g
辐射24 h组生理盐水1ml/100 g
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
归芪益元膏24 h组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
辐射7 d组生理盐水1 ml/100 g
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
归芪益元膏7 d组归芪益元膏1 ml/100 g相当于生药2.4 g/200 g
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376590447200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Primer sequences of Q-PCR

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基因序列(5'-3')大小(bp)
TGF-β1正义:AGTGGCTGAACCAAGGAGAC20
反义:CCTCGACGTTTGGGACTGAT20
Smad6正义:CGCCTCTATGCGGTGTATGA20
反义:ACCGATCTTGCTCCGTGTG19
GAPDH正义:AGTGCCAGCCTCGTCTCATA20
反义:TTGTCACAAGAGAAGGCAGC20
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376691110502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Q-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因序列(5'-3')大小(bp)
TGF-β1正义:AGTGGCTGAACCAAGGAGAC20
反义:CCTCGACGTTTGGGACTGAT20
Smad6正义:CGCCTCTATGCGGTGTATGA20
反义:ACCGATCTTGCTCCGTGTG19
GAPDH正义:AGTGCCAGCCTCGTCTCATA20
反义:TTGTCACAAGAGAAGGCAGC20
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376800162411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of TGF-β1 and Smad6 mRNA levels between right and left lung tissues of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

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组别Smad6TGF-β1
右肺左肺右肺左肺
空白对照组1.00±0.001.00±0.001.00±0.001.00±0.00
辐射24 h组0.45±0.04(1)1.02±0.03(1)1.44±0.04(1)1.22±0.03(1)
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组0.69±0.03(1)(2)1.33±0.07(1)(2)1.34±0.05(1)(2)1.18±0.02(1)(2)
归芪益元膏24 h组0.97±0.01(1)1.58±0.07(1)1.10±0.03(1)0.99±0.02(1)
辐射7 d组0.37±0.07(1)1.13±0.06(1)1.50±0.04(1)(2)1.32±0.04(1)(2)
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组0.66±0.02(1)(3)1.56±0.09(1)(3)1.25±0.05(1)(3)1.20±0.01(1)(3)
归芪益元膏7 d组0.98±0.02(1)1.67±0.06(1)1.03±0.03(1)1.04±0.03(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376888242799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1、Smad6 mRNA表达水平比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Smad6TGF-β1
右肺左肺右肺左肺
空白对照组1.00±0.001.00±0.001.00±0.001.00±0.00
辐射24 h组0.45±0.04(1)1.02±0.03(1)1.44±0.04(1)1.22±0.03(1)
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组0.69±0.03(1)(2)1.33±0.07(1)(2)1.34±0.05(1)(2)1.18±0.02(1)(2)
归芪益元膏24 h组0.97±0.01(1)1.58±0.07(1)1.10±0.03(1)0.99±0.02(1)
辐射7 d组0.37±0.07(1)1.13±0.06(1)1.50±0.04(1)(2)1.32±0.04(1)(2)
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组0.66±0.02(1)(3)1.56±0.09(1)(3)1.25±0.05(1)(3)1.20±0.01(1)(3)
归芪益元膏7 d组0.98±0.02(1)1.67±0.06(1)1.03±0.03(1)1.04±0.03(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1208862376967934581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of the expression levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad3 and Smad6 protein in left and right lung tissues among rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-Smad3Smad6TGF-β1
右肺左肺右肺左肺右肺左肺
空白对照组0.50±0.050.47±0.030.96±0.021.03±0.030.61±0.030.74±0.02
辐射24 h组1.27±0.04(1)1.12±0.07(1)0.31±0.08(1)0.35±0.02(1)1.05±0.02(1)1.26±0.06(1)
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组1.01±0.03(1)(2)0.88±0.02(1)(2)0.62±0.02(1)(2)0.46±0.02(1)(2)0.75±0.03(1)(2)1.05±0.02(1)(2)
归芪益元膏24 h组0.80±0.05(1)0.75±0.03(1)1.04±0.04(1)1.13±0.02(1)0.38±0.03(1)0.59±0.03(1)
辐射7 d组1.25±0.05(1)0.94±0.02(1)0.44±0.06(1)0.45±0.19(1)1.10±0.04(1)(2)1.38±0.04(1)(2)
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组0.91±0.06(1)(3)0.79±0.02(1)(3)0.53±0.07(1)(3)0.62±0.11(1)(3)0.81±0.02(1)(3)1.12±0.02(1)(3)
归芪益元膏7 d组0.73±0.03(1)0.39±0.06(1)1.10±0.04(1)1.20±0.03(1)0.42±0.07(1)0.71±0.05(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1208862378175894140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208862369413992735, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6蛋白表达水平比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-Smad3Smad6TGF-β1
右肺左肺右肺左肺右肺左肺
空白对照组0.50±0.050.47±0.030.96±0.021.03±0.030.61±0.030.74±0.02
辐射24 h组1.27±0.04(1)1.12±0.07(1)0.31±0.08(1)0.35±0.02(1)1.05±0.02(1)1.26±0.06(1)
归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组1.01±0.03(1)(2)0.88±0.02(1)(2)0.62±0.02(1)(2)0.46±0.02(1)(2)0.75±0.03(1)(2)1.05±0.02(1)(2)
归芪益元膏24 h组0.80±0.05(1)0.75±0.03(1)1.04±0.04(1)1.13±0.02(1)0.38±0.03(1)0.59±0.03(1)
辐射7 d组1.25±0.05(1)0.94±0.02(1)0.44±0.06(1)0.45±0.19(1)1.10±0.04(1)(2)1.38±0.04(1)(2)
归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组0.91±0.06(1)(3)0.79±0.02(1)(3)0.53±0.07(1)(3)0.62±0.11(1)(3)0.81±0.02(1)(3)1.12±0.02(1)(3)
归芪益元膏7 d组0.73±0.03(1)0.39±0.06(1)1.10±0.04(1)1.20±0.03(1)0.42±0.07(1)0.71±0.05(1)
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归芪益元膏对12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤大鼠的保护作用及其机制
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马天星 1 , 李金田 1, 2, * , 李娟 3 , 张毅 1 , 梁建庆 2, 3 , 古常军 1 , 张悦 1
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021,46(9): 876-882
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2021, 46(9): 876-882
归芪益元膏对12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤大鼠的保护作用及其机制
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马天星1, 李金田1, 2, * , 李娟3, 张毅1, 梁建庆2, 3, 古常军1, 张悦1
作者信息
  • 1甘肃中医药大学中医临床学院,兰州 730101
  • 2敦煌医学与转化教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000
  • 3甘肃中医药大学基础医学院,兰州 730101
  • 马天星,博士研究生,主要从事重离子辐射旁效应方面的研究

通讯作者:

李金田,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on rats injured by side effect of 12C6+ beam radiation
Tian-Xing Ma1, Jin-Tian Li1, 2, * , Juan Li3, Zhang-Yi1, Jian-Qing Liang2, 3, Chang-Jun Gu1, Yue Zhang1
Affiliations
  • 1Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China
  • 2Dunhuang Key Laboratory of Medicine and Transformation of Education Ministry, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China
出版时间: 2021-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.06
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目的 探讨归芪益元膏对12C6+束辐射旁效应(RIBE)肺损伤大鼠的作用及可能机制。方法 70只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏24 h组、辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏7 d组,每组10只。各归芪益元膏组和归芪益元膏+辐射组照射前14d给予归芪益元膏灌胃,空白对照组和各辐射组灌胃等量生理盐水。14 d后,各辐射组及归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠右肺予4 Gy 12C6+束单次照射(仅暴露右肺部位),空白对照组与各归芪益元膏组不照射,照射后持续灌胃给药至24 h、7 d时间点处死大鼠,收集双肺组织,HE染色观察左右肺组织病理学变化,Q-PCR检测左右肺组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、p-Smad3 mRNA表达水平,Western blotting检测左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6蛋白表达水平。结果 HE染色结果显示,空白对照组及各归芪益元膏组双肺肺泡结构正常。辐射24 h组双肺肺泡间隔增大,炎性细胞浸润。归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组双肺部分肺泡间隔断裂,部分炎性细胞浸润。辐射7 d组肺泡间隔断裂明显,肺泡腔不规则扩大,炎性细胞浸润,左肺浸润程度较右肺轻。归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组无纤维增生,肺泡腔内无充血,左肺损伤程度较右肺轻。Q-PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,辐射24 h组和辐射7 d组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05),p-Smad3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),右肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05),左肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05),左右肺组织中Smad6蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),且辐射7 d组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于辐射24 h组(P<0.05),存在时间效应。与相同时间点辐射组比较,各归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白、p-Smad3蛋白表达水平降低,Smad6 mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 归芪益元膏对辐射旁效应肺损伤大鼠具有防护作用,其机制可能与下调肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3 mRNA和蛋白的表达,上调Smad6 mRNA和蛋白的表达有关。

辐射旁效应  /  肺损伤  /  归芪益元膏  /  12C6+束辐射  /  转化生长因子-β1  /  Smad蛋白

Objective To explore the effect and potential mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on rats injured by bystander effects of 12C6+ radiation. Methods A total of 70 Wistar male rats were randomized into the following groups (n=10):blank control group, radiation 24 h group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 24 h group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment 24 h group,radiation 7 d group, Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 7 d group, and Guiqi Yiyuan ointment 7 d group. Fourteen days before irradiation, rats in the groups with Guiqi Yiyuan ointment treatment received the same volume and concentration of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment. Other rats received the same amount of normal saline. After 14 days, the right lungs of each radiation group and the Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation group were irradiated with a single 4 Gy 12C6+ beam (exposing only the right lung). The blank control group and each Guiqi Yiyuan ointment group were not irradiated. Rats in each group were sacrificed at different time points such as 24 h and 7 d, and lung tissues were collected. The histology of the left and right lungs of each group was examined by HE staining.The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 in the left and right lung tissues were quantified by Q-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results HE staining results showed the normal structure of the right lung alveoli of blank control group and each Guiqi Yiyuan ointment group. In radiation 24 h group, the alveolar septum of both lungs increased with inflammatory cells infiltrated. In Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 24 h group, both lungs showed some broken alveolar septum and some infiltrated inflammatory cells. In radiation 7 d group, the alveolar septal fissure was obvious, the alveolar cavity expanded irregularly,the inflammatory cells infiltrated, and the degree of infiltration in the left lung was lighter than that in the right lung. In Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation 7 d group, there was no fibrous hyperplasia, no congestion in the alveolar cavity, and the degree of left lung injury was lighter than that of the right lung. Q-PCR and Western blotting results showed that compared with blank control group,the expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the left and right lung tissues of rats in radiation 24 h group and radiation 7 d group increased (P<0.05), the expression level of p-Smad3 protein increased (P<0.05), the expression level of Smad6 mRNA in the right lung decreased (P<0.05), and the expression level of Smad6 mRNA in the left lung increased (P<0.05), the expression of Smad6 protein decreased in the left and right lung tissues (P<0.05), and the expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in radiation 7 d group were higher than those in radiation 24 h group (P<0.05), and there was a time effect. The expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein and p-Smad3 protein in the left and right lungs of rats in Guiqi Yiyuan ointment + radiation group decreased, while the expression of Smad6 mRNA and protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Guiqi Yiyuan ointment has a protective effect on rats with bystander effects of radiation. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3, but increased Smad6 in the left and right lung tissues.

radiation-induced bystander effect  /  lung injuries  /  Guiqi Yiyuan ointment  /  12C6+ beam radiation  /  transforming growth factor-β1  /  Smad protein
马天星, 李金田, 李娟, 张毅, 梁建庆, 古常军, 张悦. 归芪益元膏对12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤大鼠的保护作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (9) : 876 -882 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.06
Tian-Xing Ma, Jin-Tian Li, Juan Li, Zhang-Yi, Jian-Qing Liang, Chang-Jun Gu, Yue Zhang. Effect and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan ointment on rats injured by side effect of 12C6+ beam radiation[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (9) : 876 -882 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.06
近年来,肺癌的发病率和死亡率均位居恶性肿瘤首位。美国癌症学会最新统计显示,肺癌占全球恶性肿瘤发病总数的11.6%,占恶性肿瘤死亡总数的18.4%,对人类健康造成严重威胁[1]。肺癌的治疗主要基于手术、放疗和化疗[2]。目前,重离子(12C6+)束治疗癌症代表了核医学放射治疗领域的最先进技术,可精确定位到肿瘤的核心,并提供高密度质子束照射。重离子(12C6+)束对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用较普通X线强,对周围正常组织结构的损害轻,不良反应少,可实现疗效最大化,但治疗过程中肿瘤周围的正常组织和器官容易受到不同程度的照射,从而导致暴露部位受到损伤。而未受辐射的正常组织细胞发生与受辐射组织细胞相同的生物学效应,即辐射旁效应(radiation-induced bystander effect,RIBE)[3],导致正常组织细胞DNA损伤并产生自由基,甚至引发免疫系统功能改变及造血系统损害[4-5]。根据RIBE的致病特点、临床表现及病理演变过程,本课题组将RIBE损伤归于中医“火热毒邪”致病范畴。归芪益元膏以程钟龄之《医学心悟》中黄芪汤为底方,加甘肃道地药材岷归得出,全方共7味药,即黄芪、当归、人参、熟地、枸杞子、麦冬、五味子,共奏固本培元、养血活血、益气滋阴之功效。本研究旨在探讨归芪益元膏对RIBE肺损伤大鼠的作用及其机制。
转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)抗体(GR3237963-2)购自英国Abcam公司;p-Smad3抗体(GTX32214)、Smad6抗体(GTX13727)、兔抗IgG抗体(GTX213110-05)购自美国GeneTex公司;高效RIPA组织/细胞裂解液(20161020)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(20170301)购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Trizol试剂购自美国Ambion公司;荧光定量试剂盒(L006363A)、反转录试剂盒(L009434B)购自美国Bio-Rad公司。中国科学院近代物理研究所兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL-CSR)、D37520型低温高速离心机购自德国Kendro公司;PRO200型组织匀浆器购自美国Bio-Gen公司;041BR 109973型电泳仪、C1000型荧光定量PCR仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司;KD-BM包埋机购自浙江省金华市科迪仪器设备有限公司。
归芪益元膏方中原药材(包括黄芪、当归、熟地、麦冬、人参、枸杞、五味子)由甘肃省高校中藏药化学与质量控制实验室魏舒畅教授提供并鉴定质量,符合国家药典标准。按照规定的剂量称取药材,以水为溶剂萃取2次,首次、第二次分别为中药材总剂量的8倍和6倍,每次提取时长2 h。将每次提取的药物溶液合并,用300目滤布过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,加入制剂辅料,制备为膏剂。
SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠70只,体重(200±20) g,由甘肃中医药大学动物实验中心提供[实验动物许可证号:SCXK(甘)2015-0002],饲养于甘肃中医药大学SPF级动物实验中心,实验室环境温湿度符合标准。采用随机数字表法分为空白对照组、辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组、归芪益元膏24 h组、辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组、归芪益元膏7 d组,每组10只。在12C6+束辐射前,各归芪益元膏组和归芪益元膏+辐射组给予归芪益元膏灌胃,其余组给予生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,共14 d。给药剂量按照人与大鼠的给药剂量折算系数及计算方法计算[大鼠剂量=人临床剂量/体重(kg)×6.3],具体如表1所示。照射前麻醉大鼠,各辐射组和归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠右肺予4 Gy 12C6+离子束单次照射,铅皮屏蔽身体其余部位。12C6+束辐射在中科院近代物理研究所兰州重离子加速器研究装置(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,HIRFL)浅层肿瘤治疗端口进行,能量为165 MeV,LET为20 keV/μm,辐射时间为2 min,吸收剂量率为2 Gy/min,总辐射剂量为4 Gy。空白对照组与归芪益元膏组给予相同方式麻醉固定,但不予照射。实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
照射后24 h、7 d处死各组大鼠,取出左肺、右肺,用冰生理盐水冲洗,剪切后分别放入相应的冻存管,–80 ℃冰箱冻存。行HE染色的左肺、右肺组织分别用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定。
取4%多聚甲醛溶液固定的肺组织,经脱水、包埋、切片、水化、染色、分化、返蓝、脱水、封片,于光学显微镜下观察病理学变化。
采用Trizol法提取肺组织总RNA,检测RNA的浓度与纯度,取2 μg RNA,反转录为cDNA,采用三步法扩增TGF-β1、Smad6 mRNA。PCR反应体系为20 μl:Hieff® qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix 10 μl、正向引物(10 μmol/L)0.4 μl、反向引物(10 μmol/L) 0.4 μl、cDNA 2 μl、无菌超纯水7.2 μl。反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 s;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸20 s,循环40次。采用2–ΔΔCt法进行相对定量分析。引物由北京博欧德生物技术有限公司设计合成,并在GeneBank上核对证实。引物序列如表2所示。
肺组织加RIPA裂解液研磨,匀浆,4 ℃下12 000 r/min离心30 min,取上清,测定总蛋白浓度;每30 g蛋白煮沸6 min,行12% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,浓缩胶30 min(80 V),分离胶90 min(120 V),转膜,4 ℃封闭过夜,孵育一抗GAPDH(1:1000)、TGF-β1(1:1000)、p-Smad3(1:500)、Smad6(1:1000),孵育二抗(1:5000),洗膜后显色1 min,曝光。使用Image Lab软件分析各目的蛋白的相对表达量。
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,符合正态分布且方差齐时组间比较采用单因素方差(One-way ANOVA)分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;方差不齐时采用秩和检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
HE染色结果显示,空白对照组大鼠双肺肺泡结构正常,肺泡腔内清晰,无淤血及出血,间质无增宽。辐射24 h组双肺肺泡间隔增大,右肺未见明显纤维增生及可见炎性细胞浸润,有轻微出血及肺泡间质增生;左肺出现部分纤维增生,出血较多,肺泡间质增生。归芪益元膏+辐射24 h组双肺部分肺泡结构及形态大致正常,纤维增生出现,部分炎性细胞浸润,部分肺泡间隔断裂,肺泡腔内无充血,无渗出物。归芪益元膏24 h组双肺肺泡腔与空白对照组无明显差异,无出血情况。辐射7 d组右肺部分肺泡间隔发生断裂,肺泡腔不规则扩大,肺泡结构紊乱,出现纤维增生,有大量炎性细胞浸润;左肺出现肺泡间隔断裂,肺泡腔不规则扩大,肺泡结构发生紊乱,出现纤维增生,炎性细胞浸润,损伤程度较右肺轻。归芪益元膏+辐射7 d组右肺部分肺泡腔缩小,有炎性细胞浸润,无充血;左肺肺泡间隔明显增宽。归芪益元膏7 d组双肺未见纤维增生,肺泡结构整齐,肺泡间隔无断裂(图1)。
Q-PCR检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,各辐射组和各归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平升高,右肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平降低,左肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,各归芪益元膏组大鼠右肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平降低,左肺Smad6 mRNA表达水平升高;右肺TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平升高,左肺归芪益元膏24 h组表达水平降低,归芪益元膏7 d组表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与辐射24 h组比较,辐射7 d组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与相同时间点辐射组比较,归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平降低,Smad6 mRNA表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,各辐射组和各归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3蛋白表达水平升高,Smad6蛋白表达水平降低,且辐射7 d组TGF-β1蛋白表达水平高于辐射24 h组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,各归芪益元膏组大鼠右肺p-Smad3蛋白表达水平升高,左肺归芪益元膏24 h组表达水平升高,归芪益元膏7 d组表达水平降低;左右肺组织中Smad6蛋白表达水平升高,TGF-β1蛋白表达水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与相同时间点辐射组比较,归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3蛋白表达水平降低,Smad6蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(图2表4)。
RIBE是指在照射肿瘤细胞时,周围的正常细胞模仿直接照射的细胞的放射行为,该行为产生的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、外泌体和各种细胞因子将辐射损伤扩散到正常细胞和组织,其引发的深度基因组损伤会增高细胞凋亡率并导致DNA损伤,甚至诱导继发性癌症的发生[6-7]。近年来,RIBE的机制研究主要包括三类:ROS与细胞因子的相互作用[8]、细胞间隙连接通讯作用[9]、外泌体的作用[10]。丁香等[11]发现,RIBE发生机制之一的ROS异常堆积是造成骨髓氧化应激的主要因素。ROS通过破坏骨髓组织细胞DNA、脂肪、蛋白质等的结构,使其功能发生紊乱,触发旁效应,导致骨髓抑制。王萌[12]以2 Gy 12C6+重离子辐照大鼠右肺,发现大鼠股骨骨髓细胞周期发生改变,出现G2/M期阻滞,表明重离子产生的旁效应可导致细胞凋亡、细胞周期下降等。梁建庆等[13-14]以8 Gy重离子照射大鼠右肺,结果显示,旁器官左肺、左肾及右肾组织中DNA总甲基化水平下降,左肺出现炎症,表明DNA受损。
现代药理学研究发现,具有抗辐射作用的中药,其机制主要包括抗氧化、修复DNA损伤、促进造血、提升免疫功能等[15]。黄芪的化学成分主要有多糖、皂苷、黄酮类等[16],其发挥抗癌、防辐射、抗氧化应激等功用多由黄芪多糖这一有效成分来实现。研究发现,黄芪多糖用于癌症放射治疗具有明显的减毒增效作用,且可对放射损伤起到保护作用[17]。赵蓉等[18]研究黄芪注射液对大鼠放射性肺损伤(radiation-induced lung injury,RILI)的保护作用发现,抑制p-Smad2/3和TGF-β1蛋白的表达可减缓肺纤维化的恶化,表明黄芪注射液对放射性肺炎及肺纤维化有改善作用。有研究发现,当归提取物当归多糖是防治肺纤维化的有效成分,能改善肺纤维化模型大鼠的各项肺功能,对放射损伤具有防护作用[19]。伦博书等[20]发现,归芪益元膏中黄芪、当归、人参等具有显著的抗辐射作用。TGF-β1/Smads信号通路激活是公认的引起肺部损伤的原因。TGF-β1参与调控放射性肺炎发生发展的整个过程,可作为RILI诊断的“开关”性分子[21]。Smad3是激活TGF-β1信号通路的重要蛋白,其被抑制可减少胶原蛋白的合成及纤维化的形成[22]。Smad3是转化生长因子β受体(transforming growth factor-β receptor,TGF-βR)激活的主要靶标,磷酸化和核易位是TGF-β1/Smad信号途径转导和放射纤维化的关键环节,对放射导致的纤维化起着不可替代的作用。Smad6是抑制型Smad蛋白,其活性下调与TGF-β1过表达有关,因此上调Smad6的活性可使TGF-β1分泌量减少,从而起到减轻放射性肺损伤的作用。Smad6也参与了多种信号通路及核蛋白间的相互调控作用[23-24]。蒋友芹等[25]研究了TGF-β1信号通路在辐射诱导的肺癌旁效应细胞中的作用,发现TGF-β1表达与时间呈正相关。
本研究结果显示,与空白对照组比较,各辐射组大鼠在4 Gy 12C6+束照射右肺后,左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达量在24 h、7 d均升高,且随照射后时间延长而升高,表明经12C6+束辐射的大鼠靶组织右肺、旁组织左肺均发生炎症损伤反应,提示12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤模型造模成功。与相同时间点辐射组比较,各归芪益元膏+辐射组大鼠左右肺组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达量降低,但辐射24 h组降低幅度较大,提示归芪益元膏通过调控TGF-β1的表达,一定程度上减轻了12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤。与空白对照组比较,各辐射组大鼠在4 Gy 12C6+束辐射右肺后,左右肺组织中p-Smad3蛋白表达量在24 h、7 d明显升高,但辐射24 h组升高幅度较大,分析原因为机体在辐射24 h后启动了应激性自我修复。由此可见,未受辐射的左肺出现了与受辐射右肺类似的基因改变,表明辐射诱发了旁效应的产生,而p-Smad3可能介导了该过程,辐射后右肺局部损伤并通过血液循环系统引起旁组织左肺发生局部损伤,产生了右肺-左肺旁效应。与相同时间点辐射组比较,各归芪益元膏组大鼠左右肺组织中p-Smad3蛋白表达量降低,提示归芪益元膏可通过调控TGF-β1来降低p-Smad3蛋白的表达,一定程度上抑制了12C6+束辐射旁效应肺损伤的发生。与空白对照组比较,各辐射组大鼠在4 Gy 12C6+束辐射右肺后,右肺组织中Smad6 mRNA表达量在24 h、7 d明显降低,分析原因为Smad6对辐射损伤组织及旁组织具有一定保护作用,但时间效应不明显。与相同时间点辐射组比较,给予归芪益元膏提前灌胃干预后,受辐射大鼠右肺、左肺组织中Smad6 mRNA和蛋白表达量上升,分析原因为归芪益元膏可通过上调Smad6的表达而减缓双肺组织中TGF-β1的释放,进而降低左右肺组织中Smad3的表达,发挥对RIBE损伤的防护作用。
综上所述,12C6+束辐射大鼠右肺可诱导右肺-左肺旁效应发生,其机制可能与TGF-β1/Smads信号通路中TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6比例失衡有关;而归芪益元膏可调控TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad6的表达,从而减轻炎症损伤,对辐射大鼠产生的右肺-左肺旁效应具有一定的防护作用。但本研究受实验条件限制,未对Smad蛋白家族中其他相关因子及其他器官旁效应损伤进行探讨,后续研究需要进一步完善。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81460695)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2016M602887)
  • 甘肃省中医药研究中心开放课题(zyzx-2020-zx17)
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2021年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.09.06
  • 接收时间:2021-03-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-09
  • 修回日期:2021-08-16
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81460695)
国家自然科学基金(81460695)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M602887)
中国博士后科学基金(2016M602887)
Gansu Provincial Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Open Project(zyzx-2020-zx17)
甘肃省中医药研究中心开放课题(zyzx-2020-zx17)
作者信息
    1甘肃中医药大学中医临床学院,兰州 730101
    2敦煌医学与转化教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000
    3甘肃中医药大学基础医学院,兰州 730101

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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