Article(id=1208795423725187777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1613836800000, receivedDateStr=2021-02-21, revisedDate=1618848000000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766128887349, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1635350400000, pubDateStr=2021-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766128887349, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766128887349, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766128887349, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208795418612339683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='955', pageEnd='1060', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766128886129, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766128956061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208795711982924071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208795711982924072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1018, endPage=1023, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208795426896081618, articleId=1208795423725187777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=24-h fluid accumulation ratio's prediction for prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of 24-h fluid accumulation ratio on the prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation. Methods A single-center prospective observational study was conducted. The adult patients admitted to the Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 for selective cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation were selected. All the patients received therapy with comprehensive strategy after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)and were divided into two groups: group A with 24-h fluid accumulation equal to or more than 10% and group B with less than 10%.Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, preoperative complications, preoperative creatinine levels, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, blood loss, fluid intake, incidence of postoperative hypoxemia (oxygenation index ≤150 mmHg), incidence of acute renal injury (AKI), use of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups.Risk factors affecting the death of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation were analyzed using logistic regression. Results No significant differences were found between the two groups in gender, age, BMI, preoperative APACHE Ⅱ score,preoperative acute physiology preoperative creatinine, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, blood loss, intraoperative infusion, and crystalcolloid ratio (P>0.05). Compared with group B, incidence of combination with hypoxemia (oxygenation index ≤150 mmHg) and AKI was significantly increased in group A (67.9% vs. 43.3%; 57.1% vs. 36%,P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in usage of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after ICU admission between the two groups (46.4% vs. 32.3%, P=0.052). Both the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU in group A were significantly longer than those in group B [(4.3±2.8) d vs. (3.5±1.7) d, (5.1±3.1) d vs. (4.3±1.9) d, P<0.01].No significant differences were found between both groups in 28-day mortality (P>0.05). After further subgroup analysis found that compared with group B, there were statistically significant differences in the utilization rate of CRRT, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay in group A regardless of whether patients had AKI or not (P<0.05). Compared with group B,there were statistically significant differences in incidence of combination with hypoxemia and 28-day mortality in group A patients with AKI (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in group A patients without AKI (P>0.05). The results of the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10%, postoperative hypoxemia and AKI,fluid accumulation ratio 24-h after surgery ≥10% combined with AKI were the risk factors of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that postoperative 24-h fluid accumulation ratio≥10% combined with AKI was the independent risk factor of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation (P<0.05). Conclusion 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10% after cardiopulmonary bypass not only increases the risk of hypoxemia and AKI, but also prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU hospitalization, and 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10%combined with AKI can increase the risk of death in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass.

, correspAuthors=Wei-Dong Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨24 h液体累计比对体外循环心脏术后患者预后的预测价值。方法 采用单中心前瞻性观察性研究方法,选取2018年1月—2020年1月在山西白求恩医院行体外循环心脏手术的成人患者242例,按入ICU后24 h液体累计比的不同,将患者分为A组(24 h液体累计比≥10%,n=56)与B组(24 h液体累计比<10%,n=186)。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、术前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、术前合并症、术前肌酐水平、术中体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、出血量、输液量、术后低氧血症(氧合指数≤150 mmHg)发生率、急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率、连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)使用率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及28 d病死率等;采用logistic回归分析影响体外循环心脏术后患者死亡的危险因素。结果 两组性别、年龄、体重指数、术前APACHE Ⅱ评分、术前合并症、术前肌酐水平、术中体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、出血量、输液量,晶胶体比例等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与B组比较,A组入ICU后24 h低氧血症及AKI的发生率均明显升高(67.9% vs. 43.3%,57.1% vs. 36.0%,P<0.01),但两组CRRT使用率差异无统计学意义(46.4% vs. 32.3%,P=0.052);与B组比较,A组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间延长[(4.3±2.8) d vs. (3.5±1.7) d,(5.1±3.1) d vs. (4.3±1.9) d,P<0.01],但两组患者28 d病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步对A组进行亚组分析发现,A组患者无论是否合并AKI,其CRRT使用率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组中合并AKI组低氧血症发生率、28 d病死率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,术后24 h液体累计比≥10%、术后低氧血症、AKI、术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI与体外循环心脏术后患者死亡密切相关(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是体外循环心脏术后患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 体外循环心脏术后24 h液体累计比≥10%增加了患者发生低氧血症及AKI的风险,延长了机械通气时间及ICU住院时间;术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI可增加体外循环心脏术后患者的死亡风险。

, correspAuthors=武卫东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
武卫东,E-mail:
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石海鹏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事急性肾损伤与血液净化方面的研究

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石海鹏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事急性肾损伤与血液净化方面的研究

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石海鹏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事急性肾损伤与血液净化方面的研究

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World J Transplant, 2018, 8(2): 44-51., articleTitle=Cumulative positive fluid balance is a risk factor for acute kidney injury and requirement for renal replacement therapy after liver transplantation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209111237309362836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Zhang J, Crichton S, Dixon A, journalName=Crit Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Crichton S, Dixon A, et al. Cumulative fluid accumulation is associated with the development of acute kidney injury and non-recovery of renal function: a retrospective analysis[J]. 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Chin J Nephrol, 2020, 36(8): 618-624., articleTitle=Postoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209111237632324256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=8, pageStart=618, pageEnd=624, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=梁淑芳, 周静文, 林倩, journalName=中华肾脏病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[梁淑芳, 周静文, 林倩, 等. 术后低白蛋白血症是体外循环心脏手术后急性肾损伤的独立危险因素[J]. 中华肾脏病杂志, 2020, 36(8): 618-624.], articleTitle=术后低白蛋白血症是体外循环心脏手术后急性肾损伤的独立危险因素, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209111233790341710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=HRJJ20180736, language=EN, fundingSource=Wu Jieping Medical Foundation Clinical Research Grant(HRJJ20180736), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111233853256275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=HRJJ20180736, language=CN, fundingSource=吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(HRJJ20180736), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111233928753750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=201903D321132, language=EN, fundingSource=Scientific Research Fund of Shanxi Province(201903D321132), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111234016834137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=201903D321132, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省重点研发计划(社发领域)项目(201903D321132), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111234071360093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=2019YJ06, language=EN, fundingSource=ShanXi Bethune Hospital Fund(2019YJ06), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111234146857567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, awardId=2019YJ06, language=CN, fundingSource=山西白求恩医院基金项目(2019YJ06), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209111229243716048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229247910353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, companyId=1209111229243716048, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229256298962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, companyId=1209111229243716048, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山西白求恩医院/同济山西医院/山西医科大学附属第三医院重症医学科,太原 030032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209111232905343537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Selection process of patients transferred to ICU after cardiopulmonary bypass, figureFileSmall=bT9j+nfPaUXoNHrTDrmA6Q==, figureFileBig=Q0vLQdydDfACS7SnJ0ayYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209111232972452402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=CN, label=图1, caption=体外循环心脏术后转入ICU患者的入选流程, figureFileSmall=bT9j+nfPaUXoNHrTDrmA6Q==, figureFileBig=Q0vLQdydDfACS7SnJ0ayYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209111233081504311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of baseline data in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标A组(n=56)B组(n=186)t/χ2P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)51.7±11.152.4±13.5-0.3930.695
性别(男/女,例)25/3192/940.4010.527
体重指数(kg/m2,$\bar{x}±s$)25.8±2.926.6±2.6-1.9640.051
合并症[例(%)]
 高血压病48(85.7)154(82.8)0.2660.606
 糖尿病23(41.1)72(38.7)0.1010.751
 心力衰竭13(23.2)41(22.0)0.0340.854
APACHE Ⅱ评分(分,$\bar{x}±s$)4.9±2.05.1±2.4-0.5670.571
SCr(μmol/L,$\bar{x}±s$)82.2±12.978.8±11.21.9210.056
体外循环时间(min,$\bar{x}±s$)126.5±23.9125.9±20.70.1830.855
深低温停循环时间(min,$\bar{x}±s$)14.0±14.412.9±13.80.5180.605
术中出血量(ml,$\bar{x}±s$)580.7±252.6624.5±222.6-1.2500.213
术中输液量(ml,$\bar{x}±s$)1658.4±294.91746.0±346.0-1.7160.087
晶胶体体积比2:13:20.0360.851
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233144418874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组体外循环心脏术患者基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标A组(n=56)B组(n=186)t/χ2P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)51.7±11.152.4±13.5-0.3930.695
性别(男/女,例)25/3192/940.4010.527
体重指数(kg/m2,$\bar{x}±s$)25.8±2.926.6±2.6-1.9640.051
合并症[例(%)]
 高血压病48(85.7)154(82.8)0.2660.606
 糖尿病23(41.1)72(38.7)0.1010.751
 心力衰竭13(23.2)41(22.0)0.0340.854
APACHE Ⅱ评分(分,$\bar{x}±s$)4.9±2.05.1±2.4-0.5670.571
SCr(μmol/L,$\bar{x}±s$)82.2±12.978.8±11.21.9210.056
体外循环时间(min,$\bar{x}±s$)126.5±23.9125.9±20.70.1830.855
深低温停循环时间(min,$\bar{x}±s$)14.0±14.412.9±13.80.5180.605
术中出血量(ml,$\bar{x}±s$)580.7±252.6624.5±222.6-1.2500.213
术中输液量(ml,$\bar{x}±s$)1658.4±294.91746.0±346.0-1.7160.087
晶胶体体积比2:13:20.0360.851
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233245082170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of prognosis and complication in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别低氧血症[例(%)]AKI[例(%)]CRRT使用[例(%)]机械通气时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)ICU住院时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)24 h液体输注总量(L,$\bar{x}±s$)28 d病死[例(%)]
A组(n=56)38(67.9)32(57.1)26(81.3)4.3±2.85.1±3.17.6±2.23(5.4)
B组(n=186)82(43.3)67(36.0)60(89.6)3.5±1.74.3±1.94.2±1.82(1.1)
χ2/t9.7297.9433.7732.2082.07110.551-
P0.0020.0050.0520.0470.042<0.0010.083*
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233341551165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组体外循环心脏术患者预后及并发症发生情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别低氧血症[例(%)]AKI[例(%)]CRRT使用[例(%)]机械通气时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)ICU住院时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)24 h液体输注总量(L,$\bar{x}±s$)28 d病死[例(%)]
A组(n=56)38(67.9)32(57.1)26(81.3)4.3±2.85.1±3.17.6±2.23(5.4)
B组(n=186)82(43.3)67(36.0)60(89.6)3.5±1.74.3±1.94.2±1.82(1.1)
χ2/t9.7297.9433.7732.2082.07110.551-
P0.0020.0050.0520.0470.042<0.0010.083*
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233412854336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of prognosis and complication in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation among the three groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别低氧血症[例(%)]CRRT使用[例(%)]机械通气时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)ICU住院时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)28 d病死[例(%)]
AKI组(n=32)32(100.0)(1)26(81.3)(1)5.5±3.1(1)6.3±3.4(1)3(9.4)(1)
非AKI组(n=24)6(25.0)0(1)2.7±1.1(1)3.3±1.1(1)0
B组(n=186)82(43.3)60(89.6)3.5±1.74.3±1.92(1.1)
F/χ234.21527.43418.75916.4838.393
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.024
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233484157507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组体外循环心脏术患者预后及并发症发生情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别低氧血症[例(%)]CRRT使用[例(%)]机械通气时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)ICU住院时间(d,$\bar{x}±s$)28 d病死[例(%)]
AKI组(n=32)32(100.0)(1)26(81.3)(1)5.5±3.1(1)6.3±3.4(1)3(9.4)(1)
非AKI组(n=24)6(25.0)0(1)2.7±1.1(1)3.3±1.1(1)0
B组(n=186)82(43.3)60(89.6)3.5±1.74.3±1.92(1.1)
F/χ234.21527.43418.75916.4838.393
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.024
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233559654982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of death in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素logistic回归分析多因素logistic回归分析
OR95%CIPOR95%CIP
年龄1.0120.969~2.1580.683
性别1.7050.832~1.9820.096
术前APACHE Ⅱ评分2.1421.471~4.6020.532
术前SCr水平0.8890.017~1.2760.246
术中体外循环时间0.5670.197~1.2930.137
深低温停循环时间1.0080.736~1.6970.629
术中出血量1.1910.823~2.1430.696
24 h液体累计比≥10%4.9642.763~8.4450.0291.0180.348~7.9310.057
术后低氧血症1.6051.042~10.2610.0451.0090.395~3.9120.952
AKI5.3651.292~9.6490.0261.3060.826~4.5630.106
24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI6.9732.982~7.7280.0182.3611.624~6.9520.003
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233639346762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795423725187777, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Logistic回归分析体外循环心脏术后死亡的危险因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素logistic回归分析多因素logistic回归分析
OR95%CIPOR95%CIP
年龄1.0120.969~2.1580.683
性别1.7050.832~1.9820.096
术前APACHE Ⅱ评分2.1421.471~4.6020.532
术前SCr水平0.8890.017~1.2760.246
术中体外循环时间0.5670.197~1.2930.137
深低温停循环时间1.0080.736~1.6970.629
术中出血量1.1910.823~2.1430.696
24 h液体累计比≥10%4.9642.763~8.4450.0291.0180.348~7.9310.057
术后低氧血症1.6051.042~10.2610.0451.0090.395~3.9120.952
AKI5.3651.292~9.6490.0261.3060.826~4.5630.106
24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI6.9732.982~7.7280.0182.3611.624~6.9520.003
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24 h液体累计比对体外循环心脏术后患者预后的预测价值
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石海鹏 , 张晶敏 , 杜艺 , 夏艳梅 , 武卫东 * , 杨晓静 , 王秀哲
解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021,46(10): 1018-1023
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解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021, 46(10): 1018-1023
24 h液体累计比对体外循环心脏术后患者预后的预测价值
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石海鹏, 张晶敏, 杜艺, 夏艳梅, 武卫东* , 杨晓静, 王秀哲
作者信息
  • 山西白求恩医院/同济山西医院/山西医科大学附属第三医院重症医学科,太原 030032
  • 石海鹏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事急性肾损伤与血液净化方面的研究

通讯作者:

武卫东,E-mail:
24-h fluid accumulation ratio's prediction for prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation
Hai-Peng Shi, Jing-Min Zhang, Yi Du, Yan-Mei Xia, Wei-Dong Wu* , Xiao-Jing Yang, Xiu-Zhe Wang
Affiliations
  • Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
出版时间: 2021-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.10
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目的 探讨24 h液体累计比对体外循环心脏术后患者预后的预测价值。方法 采用单中心前瞻性观察性研究方法,选取2018年1月—2020年1月在山西白求恩医院行体外循环心脏手术的成人患者242例,按入ICU后24 h液体累计比的不同,将患者分为A组(24 h液体累计比≥10%,n=56)与B组(24 h液体累计比<10%,n=186)。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、术前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、术前合并症、术前肌酐水平、术中体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、出血量、输液量、术后低氧血症(氧合指数≤150 mmHg)发生率、急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率、连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)使用率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及28 d病死率等;采用logistic回归分析影响体外循环心脏术后患者死亡的危险因素。结果 两组性别、年龄、体重指数、术前APACHE Ⅱ评分、术前合并症、术前肌酐水平、术中体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、出血量、输液量,晶胶体比例等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与B组比较,A组入ICU后24 h低氧血症及AKI的发生率均明显升高(67.9% vs. 43.3%,57.1% vs. 36.0%,P<0.01),但两组CRRT使用率差异无统计学意义(46.4% vs. 32.3%,P=0.052);与B组比较,A组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间延长[(4.3±2.8) d vs. (3.5±1.7) d,(5.1±3.1) d vs. (4.3±1.9) d,P<0.01],但两组患者28 d病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步对A组进行亚组分析发现,A组患者无论是否合并AKI,其CRRT使用率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组中合并AKI组低氧血症发生率、28 d病死率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,术后24 h液体累计比≥10%、术后低氧血症、AKI、术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI与体外循环心脏术后患者死亡密切相关(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是体外循环心脏术后患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 体外循环心脏术后24 h液体累计比≥10%增加了患者发生低氧血症及AKI的风险,延长了机械通气时间及ICU住院时间;术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI可增加体外循环心脏术后患者的死亡风险。

液体累计比  /  体外循环  /  心脏外科手术  /  预后

Objective To explore the effects of 24-h fluid accumulation ratio on the prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation. Methods A single-center prospective observational study was conducted. The adult patients admitted to the Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 for selective cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation were selected. All the patients received therapy with comprehensive strategy after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)and were divided into two groups: group A with 24-h fluid accumulation equal to or more than 10% and group B with less than 10%.Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, preoperative complications, preoperative creatinine levels, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, blood loss, fluid intake, incidence of postoperative hypoxemia (oxygenation index ≤150 mmHg), incidence of acute renal injury (AKI), use of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups.Risk factors affecting the death of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation were analyzed using logistic regression. Results No significant differences were found between the two groups in gender, age, BMI, preoperative APACHE Ⅱ score,preoperative acute physiology preoperative creatinine, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, blood loss, intraoperative infusion, and crystalcolloid ratio (P>0.05). Compared with group B, incidence of combination with hypoxemia (oxygenation index ≤150 mmHg) and AKI was significantly increased in group A (67.9% vs. 43.3%; 57.1% vs. 36%,P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in usage of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after ICU admission between the two groups (46.4% vs. 32.3%, P=0.052). Both the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU in group A were significantly longer than those in group B [(4.3±2.8) d vs. (3.5±1.7) d, (5.1±3.1) d vs. (4.3±1.9) d, P<0.01].No significant differences were found between both groups in 28-day mortality (P>0.05). After further subgroup analysis found that compared with group B, there were statistically significant differences in the utilization rate of CRRT, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay in group A regardless of whether patients had AKI or not (P<0.05). Compared with group B,there were statistically significant differences in incidence of combination with hypoxemia and 28-day mortality in group A patients with AKI (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in group A patients without AKI (P>0.05). The results of the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10%, postoperative hypoxemia and AKI,fluid accumulation ratio 24-h after surgery ≥10% combined with AKI were the risk factors of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that postoperative 24-h fluid accumulation ratio≥10% combined with AKI was the independent risk factor of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation (P<0.05). Conclusion 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10% after cardiopulmonary bypass not only increases the risk of hypoxemia and AKI, but also prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU hospitalization, and 24-h fluid accumulation ratio ≥10%combined with AKI can increase the risk of death in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass.

24-h fluid accumulation ratio  /  extracorporeal circulation  /  cardiac surgical procedures  /  prognosis
石海鹏, 张晶敏, 杜艺, 夏艳梅, 武卫东, 杨晓静, 王秀哲. 24 h液体累计比对体外循环心脏术后患者预后的预测价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (10) : 1018 -1023 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.10
Hai-Peng Shi, Jing-Min Zhang, Yi Du, Yan-Mei Xia, Wei-Dong Wu, Xiao-Jing Yang, Xiu-Zhe Wang. 24-h fluid accumulation ratio's prediction for prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac operation[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (10) : 1018 -1023 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.10
体外循环心脏术后为缓解组织缺血缺氧情况,有时需要实施液体复苏治疗[1],但是容量负荷过重与预后不良之间密切相关[2],尤其是容量负荷过重引起的低氧血症[3-4]与急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)[5-6],均可能增高患者的病死率[7-8]。因此,对于此类患者,术后需要采用限制性液体管理策略。有研究发现液体累计比可反映患者的容量负荷是否过重,容量负荷的计算公式为:(体液总入量—体液总出量)/术前体重×100%,一般将液体累计比≥10%定义为容量超负荷[9]。目前国内外大多数研究采用的是术中的液体累计比,而将术后24 h液体累计比作为体外循环心脏术后的预后指标尚少见报道。本研究旨在探讨体外循环心脏术后24 h液体累计比对患者预后的影响。
采用单中心前瞻性观察性研究方法,选择2018年1月—2020年1月在山西医科大学附属白求恩医院行择期体外循环心脏手术的成人患者。根据无限总体样本公式N=Z2×[P×(1—P)]/E2(N:样本量;Z:统计量,置信度为95%时,Z=1.96;P:总体率,取0.2,E:误差值,取0.01)计算样本量;因此,N=1.962×[0.2×(1—0.2)]/0.012=6147;根据重症医学科(ICU)内AKI发病率计算AKI的人数约为6147×20%=1228人,AKI中需要行连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的占15%~20%,本研究大概需要纳入人数为1228×20%=245人。
年龄≥18岁,行择期体外循环心脏手术,包括急性主动脉夹层、心房黏液瘤、主动脉瘤、房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、瓣膜置换/成形/修复术等。
术前合并慢性肾功能不全且血清肌酐>177 μmol/L,术前或术中合并低氧血症(氧合指数≤150 mmHg)或AKI,术中或术后24 h内死亡,术后入住ICU时间<24 h,患者未签署知情同意书或资料不全。
本研究符合医学伦理学标准,并经医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:YXLL-2019-024),且获得患者或家属的知情同意。
按入ICU后24 h液体累计比(即术后24 h液体累计比)将患者分为A组(≥10%)与B组(<10%)。AKI诊断标准采用2012年改善全球肾脏病预后组织(kidney disease improving global outcomes,KDIGO)发布的诊断标准[10]
患者术后转入ICU后,由主管医师制定治疗措施,常规给予机械通气及器官保护支持治疗。利用重症超声技术制定液体治疗方案:采用心脏探头依次扫描胸骨旁长轴与短轴切面、心尖四腔切面及下腔静脉(IVC)切面,评估患者心脏收缩功能及心腔大小,并测量吸气相与呼气相的IVC内径,计算IVC呼吸变异率。根据上述指标评估血容量状态,及时调整液体治疗的速度及种类。其中晶体选择醋酸钠林格液,胶体选择新鲜冰冻血浆或人血白蛋白。以上治疗方案的制定及执行均不受资料收集人员的影响。
患者术前的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分及肌酐(SCr)水平,术中体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、术中出血量及液体入量,术后低氧血症(氧合指数≤150 mmHg)发生率、AKI发生率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间,28 d病死率。
采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较用t检验或方差分析;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;采用logistic回归分析患者预后的危险因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
入选行体外循环心脏手术的成人患者289例,剔除术前诊断为慢性肾功能不全或AKI的28例,术后24 h内死亡的3例,未签署知情同意书或资料不全的16例,最终入选242例,其中男117例,女125例;年龄21~74(52.3±12.9)岁;术前APACHE Ⅱ评分2~10(5.1±2.3)分。按入ICU后24 h液体累计比分组:A组56例,B组186例;两组年龄、性别、体重指数、合并症、术前APACHE Ⅱ评分、术前SCr水平及体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、术中出血量、术中输液量、晶胶体体积比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1表1)。
与B组比较,A组术后低氧血症发生率、AKI发生率升高,术后机械通气时间、ICU住院时间延长,24 h液体输注总量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但两组CRRT使用率及28 d病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。将A组患者根据是否合并AKI进行分组,其中AKI组32例,非AKI组24例。A组患者无论是否合并AKI,其CRRT使用率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),AKI组低氧血症发生率、28 d病死率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而非AKI组低氧血症发生率、28 d病死率与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
以患者预后的结局死亡为因变量(否=0,是=1),以年龄(<60岁=0,≥60岁=1)、性别(女=0,男=1)、APACHE Ⅱ评分(≤15分=0,>15分=1)以及术前SCr水平异常、24 h液体累计比≥10%、术中体外循环时间明显延长、深低温停循环时间明显延长、术中出血明显增多、术后低氧血症、术后AKI、24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI(赋值均为无=0,有=1)为自变量,进行单因素logistic回归分析,结果显示:24 h液体累计比≥10%、术后低氧血症、AKI、24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是体外循环心脏术后死亡的危险因素(P<0.05,表4)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是体外循环心脏术后死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05,表4)。
对于行体外循环心脏手术的患者,术后常需要维持一定的血容量,增加容量负荷及心排血量,以保证心脏、肾脏等重要器官的血流灌注,但过高的容量负荷对患者器官功能又会造成较严重的影响[11],因此容量管理尤为重要[12]。容量超负荷的临界值定义多为液体累计比≥10%[13]。近年有多项研究证实,术中液体超负荷是心脏手术患者并发AKI的重要原因,也是导致患者预后不良的独立危险因素[14-15]。目前国内外大多数研究的指标是术中的液体累计比,而在术后24 h这段关键时间内液体累计比对患者预后的影响鲜见报道。
本研究在体外循环心脏手术的患者转入ICU后,治疗措施由主管医师决定,包括呼吸机的使用及撤机、CRRT上机与停机、术后输注血制品和液体的种类及总量,均不受资料收集人员的影响,所有干预因素随机化,在一定程度上提高了干预因素与结果之间关系的可靠性。既往有研究证实液体正平衡与术后AKI等并发症增加有关,可显著影响心脏手术的病死率[16-17]。本研究也证实了类似结果,液体累计比≥10%组低氧血症和AKI的发生率,以及术后机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均高于或长于液体累计比<10%组,差异有统计学意义;但两组患者28 d病死率差异无统计学意义,分析原因可能是两组应用CRRT的比例均较高,A组为81.3%(26/32),B组为89.6%(60/67),而CRRT在容量管理中起到了非常大的作用,进一步缓解了两组患者AKI的严重程度,从而影响了患者的病死率,与国外的研究大致相同[18]。但是,进一步将A组进行亚组分析发现,A组中合并AKI患者的低氧血症发生率、28 d病死率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义,提示合并AKI可能与患者死亡明显相关。另外,有研究证实人工胶体的应用增加了ICU内心脏术后患者AKI的发生率及病死率[19-20],术后低白蛋白血症仍是心脏术后AKI发生的独立危险因素[21]。在本研究中,心脏术后胶体的选择为新鲜冰冻血浆及人血白蛋白注射液,在一定程度上减少了AKI的发生。
本研究采用单因素logistic回归分析患者死亡的影响因素,结果发现,术后24 h液体累计比≥10%、术后低氧血症、AKI、24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI与患者死亡明显相关,而多因素logistic回归分析发现仅术后24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是患者死亡的独立危险因素,其原因是在单因素logistic回归分析中,术后24 h液体累计比只是增加了术后并发低氧血症及AKI的风险,是导致患者死亡的间接影响因素,是假关联因素,在调整低氧血症与AKI等因素的影响后,此“假关联”消失。
本研究存在的不足之处在于:(1)为单中心研究,样本含量小,以后的研究需要纳入更多的研究中心、更多的样本量以验证此结论;(2)体外循环心脏术后患者预后的影响因素非常多,利用单一的静态容量指标液体累计比进行预测的价值可能有限,后期研究需要采用更精确的容量评估指标进行验证;(3)本研究的主要研究终点为28 d病死率,而其他研究终点如90 d病死率、肾脏残余功能评估等,需要后续通过多中心大样本临床研究进一步证实。
综上所述,本研究发现,体外循环心脏术后患者24 h液体累计比≥10%不仅会增加患者发生低氧血症及AKI的风险,而且会延长机械通气时间及ICU住院时间,而且24 h液体累计比≥10%合并AKI是患者术后28 d死亡的独立危险因素。
  • 吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(HRJJ20180736)
  • 山西省重点研发计划(社发领域)项目(201903D321132)
  • 山西白求恩医院基金项目(2019YJ06)
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2021年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.10
  • 接收时间:2021-02-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-21
  • 修回日期:2021-04-20
基金
Wu Jieping Medical Foundation Clinical Research Grant(HRJJ20180736)
吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(HRJJ20180736)
Scientific Research Fund of Shanxi Province(201903D321132)
山西省重点研发计划(社发领域)项目(201903D321132)
ShanXi Bethune Hospital Fund(2019YJ06)
山西白求恩医院基金项目(2019YJ06)
作者信息
    山西白求恩医院/同济山西医院/山西医科大学附属第三医院重症医学科,太原 030032

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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