Article(id=1208795421334434452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1620576000000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-10, revisedDate=1629388800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766128886778, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1635350400000, pubDateStr=2021-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766128886778, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766128886778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766128886778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208795418612339683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='955', pageEnd='1060', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766128886129, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766128956061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208795711982924071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208795711982924072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208795418612339683, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=961, endPage=967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208795421674173079, articleId=1208795421334434452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The preventive effect of Betelnut polyphenols on high altitude pulmonary edema, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish an animal model of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in the plateau field laboratory, and explore the preventive effect of Betelnut polyphenols on HAPE. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (6 each): control group (4 ml normal saline), HAPE model group (4 ml normal saline), rhodiola group(280 mg/kg Rhodiola capsule) and Betelnut polyphenol group with different doses (400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg Betelnut polyphenol).All animals except those in control group were rushed into the high altitude laboratory at an altitude of 4010 m 3 days after preventive administration and assisted with exhaustive exercise on the running platform, the animals in control group kept in the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force. One hour after last administration, abdominal aortic blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. The arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2), blood pH, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), plasma actual bicarbonate (HCO3-), standard bicarbonate (SBC) and other blood gas indexes were measured with blood gas analyzer; lung water content (LWC), protein content of BALF and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in lung tissues were measured;pathological structure of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. Results Compared with control group, the levels of SatO2, pH value, PaO2, PaCO2, PO2/FIO2, SBC, TCO2, and HCO3- decreased significantly in HAPE model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of LWC and BALF protein increased significantly (P<0.01), SOD activity and GSH content of lung tissues decreased, and MDA content of lung tissues increased (P<0.05), the normal structure of lung tissue was destroyed. Compared with HAPE model group, the levels of SatO2 and pH value of low, medium and high dose Betelnut polyphenols groups increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of LWC and BALF protein in those groups decreased (P<0.01), the SOD activity and GSH content in lung tissues of medium and high dose Betelnut polyphenols groups increased significantly (P<0.01), the MDA content in high dose Betelnut polyphenols group decreased significantly (P<0.05). HE staining showed that, the alveolar wall was thickened significantly,the alveolar cavity was narrowed, red blood cells and pink protein existed and accompanied with inflammatory cell infiltration in HAPE model group; after preventive administration, the alveolar structure of rats in the low, medium and high doses of Betelnut polyphenol groups tended to be complete, the alveolar wall became thinner, the exudation in the alveolar cavity decreased or even disappeared, and the inflammatory cells decreased. Conclusions The HAPE rat model can be successfully established by rushing to high altitude and exhausting exercise with running platform, and the preventive administration of Betelnut polyphenol 800 and 1200 mg/kg can effectively prevent the occurrence of HAPE.

, correspAuthors=Rong Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 在高原实地实验室建立高原肺水肿(HAPE)动物模型,探究槟榔多酚对HAPE的预防作用。方法 36只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(4 ml生理盐水)、肺水肿模型组(4 ml生理盐水)、红景天组(280 mg/kg红景天胶囊),以及槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组(400、800、1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚)。除对照组外,其余各组灌胃给药3 d后急进海拔4010 m的高原实地实验室,并辅助跑台力竭运动。对照组继续饲养于解放军联勤保障部队第940医院实验动物科。末次给药后1 h采集大鼠腹主动脉血、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及肺组织,使用血气分析仪检测动脉血氧饱和度(SatO2)、血液酸碱度(pH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血浆实际碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、标准碳酸氢盐(SBC)等血气指标,测定肺含水量(LWC)、BALF蛋白含量,以及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化。结果 与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠SatO2、血液pH、PaO2、PaCO2、氧合指数(PO2/FIO2)、SBC、二氧化碳总量(TCO2)、HCO3-明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),LWC、BALF蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.01),肺组织SOD活力降低、MDA含量升高、GSH含量降低(P<0.05),肺组织正常结构被破坏。与肺水肿模型组比较,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠SatO2、血液pH明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),LWC及BALF蛋白含量降低(P<0.01),槟榔多酚中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织SOD活力、GSH含量升高(P<0.01),槟榔多酚高剂量组大鼠肺组织MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,肺水肿模型组大鼠肺泡壁明显增厚,肺泡腔缩小并存在红细胞及粉红色蛋白物质,伴有炎性细胞浸润;与肺水肿模型组比较,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺泡结构趋于完整,肺泡壁变薄,肺泡腔内渗出减少甚至消失,炎性细胞减少。结论 急进高原并配合跑台力竭运动可成功建立HAPE大鼠模型,预防性给予槟榔多酚800、1200 mg/kg能够有效预防HAPE的发生。

, correspAuthors=王荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王荣,E-mail:
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霍妍,硕士研究生,主要从事高原药物抗缺氧方面的研究

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Turk J Emerg Med, 2019, 19(4): 121-126., articleTitle=High-altitude illness:Management approach, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209111234113303135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, awardId=81673508, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673508), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209111234180412001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, awardId=81673508, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81673508), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209111229679923677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229688312286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, companyId=1209111229679923677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229696700895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, companyId=1209111229679923677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军联勤保障部队第940医院药剂科,兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209111229755421153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229763809763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, companyId=1209111229755421153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209111229768004068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, companyId=1209111229755421153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209111233307996731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Pathological changes of lung tissue in rats of each group (HE ×20), figureFileSmall=XYAWZAK+uo7HYqc8+QyEIQ==, figureFileBig=DvCueVDC/xTAdz2coePhWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209111233379299903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组大鼠肺组织病理变化(HE ×20)

A. 对照组;B. 肺水肿模型组;C. 红景天组;D. 槟榔多酚低剂量组;E. 槟榔多酚中剂量组;F. 槟榔多酚高剂量组

, figureFileSmall=XYAWZAK+uo7HYqc8+QyEIQ==, figureFileBig=DvCueVDC/xTAdz2coePhWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209111233458991682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Administration scheme of experiment group and control group of rats with high altitude pulmonary edema

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别药物剂量给药方式
对照组生理盐水4 ml灌胃给药
肺水肿模型组生理盐水4 ml灌胃给药
红景天组红景天胶囊280 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚低剂量组槟榔多酚400 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚中剂量组槟榔多酚800 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚高剂量组槟榔多酚1200 mg/kg灌胃给药
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233526100549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各高原肺水肿大鼠实验组与对照组的给药方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别药物剂量给药方式
对照组生理盐水4 ml灌胃给药
肺水肿模型组生理盐水4 ml灌胃给药
红景天组红景天胶囊280 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚低剂量组槟榔多酚400 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚中剂量组槟榔多酚800 mg/kg灌胃给药
槟榔多酚高剂量组槟榔多酚1200 mg/kg灌胃给药
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233589015113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Changes of body weight of rats in each group before and after experiment (g, $\bar{x}±s$, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别实验前实验后P
对照组205.17±3.19219.33±5.82<0.001
肺水肿模型组209.33±2.94217.83±9.520.063
红景天组206.83±6.85218.33±4.500.006
槟榔多酚低剂量组208.00±6.69212.67±7.990.299
槟榔多酚中剂量组205.50±9.59218.50±7.920.028
槟榔多酚高剂量组209.50±4.85215.17±9.600.226
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233660318283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠实验前后体重变化(g,$\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别实验前实验后P
对照组205.17±3.19219.33±5.82<0.001
肺水肿模型组209.33±2.94217.83±9.520.063
红景天组206.83±6.85218.33±4.500.006
槟榔多酚低剂量组208.00±6.69212.67±7.990.299
槟榔多酚中剂量组205.50±9.59218.50±7.920.028
槟榔多酚高剂量组209.50±4.85215.17±9.600.226
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233748398669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of arterial blood gas index of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目对照组肺水肿模型组红景天组槟榔多酚低剂量组槟榔多酚中剂量组槟榔多酚高剂量组
SatO2(%)96.50±0.5685.70±0.28(2)91.32±0.81(2)(4)87.23±1.54(2)(4)90.93±0.81(2)(4)89.67±1.19(2)(4)
pH7.41±0.027.32±0.04(2)7.39±0.01(3)7.41±0.01(3)7.41±0.02(3)7.41±0.02(3)
PaO2(mmHg)86.13±3.0853.88±1.99(2)59.02±1.06(2)(4)54.18±1.97(2)58.58±1.81(2)(4)57.00±1.21(2)(4)
PaCO2(mmHg)38.67±3.4730.60±0.65(1)30.45±1.37(1)32.30±0.64(1)(3)33.90±1.07(4)32.77±2.80
PO2/FlO2(mmHg)412.12±14.57257.75±9.51(2)286.27±6.99(2)(4)259.22±9.42(2)271.05±11.72(2)(3)268.85±8.96(2)
SBC(mmol/L)24.65±0.9419.95±0.69(2)20.90±0.60(2)22.12±0.62(2)(4)22.58±1.19(3)22.02±0.46(2)(4)
TCO2(mmol/L)25.67±1.6620.25±1.43(2)20.20±0.75(2)21.53±0.94(2)22.28±1.66(1)21.07±0.43(2)
HCO3-(mmol/L)24.47±1.5918.37±1.32(2)19.22±0.73(2)20.55±0.92(2)21.25±1.62(1)20.55±0.78(2)
P50(mmHg)26.33±0.1826.70±0.06(1)26.62±0.0426.65±0.05(1)26.58±0.0826.50±0.06(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233828090450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组大鼠血气指标比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目对照组肺水肿模型组红景天组槟榔多酚低剂量组槟榔多酚中剂量组槟榔多酚高剂量组
SatO2(%)96.50±0.5685.70±0.28(2)91.32±0.81(2)(4)87.23±1.54(2)(4)90.93±0.81(2)(4)89.67±1.19(2)(4)
pH7.41±0.027.32±0.04(2)7.39±0.01(3)7.41±0.01(3)7.41±0.02(3)7.41±0.02(3)
PaO2(mmHg)86.13±3.0853.88±1.99(2)59.02±1.06(2)(4)54.18±1.97(2)58.58±1.81(2)(4)57.00±1.21(2)(4)
PaCO2(mmHg)38.67±3.4730.60±0.65(1)30.45±1.37(1)32.30±0.64(1)(3)33.90±1.07(4)32.77±2.80
PO2/FlO2(mmHg)412.12±14.57257.75±9.51(2)286.27±6.99(2)(4)259.22±9.42(2)271.05±11.72(2)(3)268.85±8.96(2)
SBC(mmol/L)24.65±0.9419.95±0.69(2)20.90±0.60(2)22.12±0.62(2)(4)22.58±1.19(3)22.02±0.46(2)(4)
TCO2(mmol/L)25.67±1.6620.25±1.43(2)20.20±0.75(2)21.53±0.94(2)22.28±1.66(1)21.07±0.43(2)
HCO3-(mmol/L)24.47±1.5918.37±1.32(2)19.22±0.73(2)20.55±0.92(2)21.25±1.62(1)20.55±0.78(2)
P50(mmHg)26.33±0.1826.70±0.06(1)26.62±0.0426.65±0.05(1)26.58±0.0826.50±0.06(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233891005013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of LWC, BLAF protein content and oxidative stress level of lung tissue in each group of rats ($\bar{x}±s$, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LWC(%)BALF蛋白含量(mg/ml)SOD活力(U/mg prot)MDA含量(nmol/mg prot)GSH含量(mg/g prot)
对照组79.00±0.680.24±0.06146.98±17.373.40±0.350.59±0.10
肺水肿模型组80.63±0.25(2)0.58±0.05(2)118.18±16.09(1)4.09±0.54(1)0.37±0.03(1)
红景天组79.67±0.54(3)0.27±0.04(4)142.20±17.94(3)3.55±0.390.64±0.11(3)
槟榔多酚低剂量组79.07±0.26(4)0.26±0.06(4)120.50±14.18(1)3.89±0.660.49±0.07
槟榔多酚中剂量组78.49±0.30(4)0.25±0.06(4)148.74±23.27(4)3.61±0.500.87±0.17(4)
槟榔多酚高剂量组78.10±0.38(4)0.28±0.07(4)149.54±21.58(4)3.33±0.83(3)0.81±0.35(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1209111233991668312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208795421334434452, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组大鼠LWC、BLAF蛋白含量及肺组织氧化应激指标比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LWC(%)BALF蛋白含量(mg/ml)SOD活力(U/mg prot)MDA含量(nmol/mg prot)GSH含量(mg/g prot)
对照组79.00±0.680.24±0.06146.98±17.373.40±0.350.59±0.10
肺水肿模型组80.63±0.25(2)0.58±0.05(2)118.18±16.09(1)4.09±0.54(1)0.37±0.03(1)
红景天组79.67±0.54(3)0.27±0.04(4)142.20±17.94(3)3.55±0.390.64±0.11(3)
槟榔多酚低剂量组79.07±0.26(4)0.26±0.06(4)120.50±14.18(1)3.89±0.660.49±0.07
槟榔多酚中剂量组78.49±0.30(4)0.25±0.06(4)148.74±23.27(4)3.61±0.500.87±0.17(4)
槟榔多酚高剂量组78.10±0.38(4)0.28±0.07(4)149.54±21.58(4)3.33±0.83(3)0.81±0.35(4)
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槟榔多酚对大鼠高原肺水肿的预防作用
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霍妍 1, 2 , 赵安鹏 1 , 宋晶燕 1 , 李雪 1, 2 , 李加忠 2 , 王荣 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021,46(10): 961-967
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解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021, 46(10): 961-967
槟榔多酚对大鼠高原肺水肿的预防作用
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霍妍1, 2, 赵安鹏1, 宋晶燕1, 李雪1, 2, 李加忠2, 王荣1, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军联勤保障部队第940医院药剂科,兰州 730050
  • 2兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000
  • 霍妍,硕士研究生,主要从事高原药物抗缺氧方面的研究

通讯作者:

王荣,E-mail:
The preventive effect of Betelnut polyphenols on high altitude pulmonary edema
Yan Huo1, 2, An-Peng Zhao1, Jing-Yan Song1, Xue Li1, 2, Jia-Zhong Li2, Rong Wang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2021-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.02
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目的 在高原实地实验室建立高原肺水肿(HAPE)动物模型,探究槟榔多酚对HAPE的预防作用。方法 36只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(4 ml生理盐水)、肺水肿模型组(4 ml生理盐水)、红景天组(280 mg/kg红景天胶囊),以及槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组(400、800、1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚)。除对照组外,其余各组灌胃给药3 d后急进海拔4010 m的高原实地实验室,并辅助跑台力竭运动。对照组继续饲养于解放军联勤保障部队第940医院实验动物科。末次给药后1 h采集大鼠腹主动脉血、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及肺组织,使用血气分析仪检测动脉血氧饱和度(SatO2)、血液酸碱度(pH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血浆实际碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、标准碳酸氢盐(SBC)等血气指标,测定肺含水量(LWC)、BALF蛋白含量,以及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化。结果 与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠SatO2、血液pH、PaO2、PaCO2、氧合指数(PO2/FIO2)、SBC、二氧化碳总量(TCO2)、HCO3-明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),LWC、BALF蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.01),肺组织SOD活力降低、MDA含量升高、GSH含量降低(P<0.05),肺组织正常结构被破坏。与肺水肿模型组比较,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠SatO2、血液pH明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),LWC及BALF蛋白含量降低(P<0.01),槟榔多酚中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织SOD活力、GSH含量升高(P<0.01),槟榔多酚高剂量组大鼠肺组织MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,肺水肿模型组大鼠肺泡壁明显增厚,肺泡腔缩小并存在红细胞及粉红色蛋白物质,伴有炎性细胞浸润;与肺水肿模型组比较,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺泡结构趋于完整,肺泡壁变薄,肺泡腔内渗出减少甚至消失,炎性细胞减少。结论 急进高原并配合跑台力竭运动可成功建立HAPE大鼠模型,预防性给予槟榔多酚800、1200 mg/kg能够有效预防HAPE的发生。

高原肺水肿  /  槟榔多酚  /  肺含水量  /  肺泡灌洗  /  力竭运动

Objective To establish an animal model of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in the plateau field laboratory, and explore the preventive effect of Betelnut polyphenols on HAPE. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (6 each): control group (4 ml normal saline), HAPE model group (4 ml normal saline), rhodiola group(280 mg/kg Rhodiola capsule) and Betelnut polyphenol group with different doses (400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg Betelnut polyphenol).All animals except those in control group were rushed into the high altitude laboratory at an altitude of 4010 m 3 days after preventive administration and assisted with exhaustive exercise on the running platform, the animals in control group kept in the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force. One hour after last administration, abdominal aortic blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. The arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2), blood pH, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), plasma actual bicarbonate (HCO3-), standard bicarbonate (SBC) and other blood gas indexes were measured with blood gas analyzer; lung water content (LWC), protein content of BALF and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in lung tissues were measured;pathological structure of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. Results Compared with control group, the levels of SatO2, pH value, PaO2, PaCO2, PO2/FIO2, SBC, TCO2, and HCO3- decreased significantly in HAPE model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of LWC and BALF protein increased significantly (P<0.01), SOD activity and GSH content of lung tissues decreased, and MDA content of lung tissues increased (P<0.05), the normal structure of lung tissue was destroyed. Compared with HAPE model group, the levels of SatO2 and pH value of low, medium and high dose Betelnut polyphenols groups increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of LWC and BALF protein in those groups decreased (P<0.01), the SOD activity and GSH content in lung tissues of medium and high dose Betelnut polyphenols groups increased significantly (P<0.01), the MDA content in high dose Betelnut polyphenols group decreased significantly (P<0.05). HE staining showed that, the alveolar wall was thickened significantly,the alveolar cavity was narrowed, red blood cells and pink protein existed and accompanied with inflammatory cell infiltration in HAPE model group; after preventive administration, the alveolar structure of rats in the low, medium and high doses of Betelnut polyphenol groups tended to be complete, the alveolar wall became thinner, the exudation in the alveolar cavity decreased or even disappeared, and the inflammatory cells decreased. Conclusions The HAPE rat model can be successfully established by rushing to high altitude and exhausting exercise with running platform, and the preventive administration of Betelnut polyphenol 800 and 1200 mg/kg can effectively prevent the occurrence of HAPE.

high altitude pulmonary edema  /  Betelnut polyphenols  /  lung water content  /  bronchoalveolar lavage  /  exhaustion exercise
霍妍, 赵安鹏, 宋晶燕, 李雪, 李加忠, 王荣. 槟榔多酚对大鼠高原肺水肿的预防作用. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (10) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.02
Yan Huo, An-Peng Zhao, Jing-Yan Song, Xue Li, Jia-Zhong Li, Rong Wang. The preventive effect of Betelnut polyphenols on high altitude pulmonary edema[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (10) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.02
高原一般指海拔2500 m以上的高海拔地区,具有低氧分压、低气压、寒冷干燥、紫外线强等特点[1],其中低氧分压对机体的影响尤为显著[2]。机体在短时间内急进高原,会产生一系列生理病理反应,如头痛、疲劳、厌食等,严重者甚至发展为急性高原病[3-5]。急性高原病主要分为三种:急性高原反应、高原肺水肿(high altitude pulmonary edema,HAPE)和高原脑水肿[6]。HAPE是一种非心源性肺水肿,常发生于急进海拔>3000 m地区的人群[7],主要表现为体力丧失、呼吸困难、肺部湿啰音、发绀、咳嗽、粉红泡沫痰等[8],其诱因主要为高原低氧,常伴随低氧血症及氧化应激损伤等[9]。随着高原旅居人群的增多,HAPE的防治越来越受到重视[10]。关于HAPE的研究常基于相关动物模型,现有的HAPE动物模型一般是在低压低氧模拟舱内,以辅助跑台力竭运动的方式建立的[11]。模拟舱可模拟高原的低压低氧环境,但高原环境复杂多样,急进高原的过程与模拟舱不同,在高原实地建立动物模型能够更准确地复现HAPE的发病过程。目前,人们在急进高原前常选用红景天胶囊预防急性高原病(包括HAPE),但红景天生长环境海拔高,原料难得,故开发效果显著、原料易得的预防高原疾病的药物尤为重要。槟榔原产于马来西亚,在中国主要分布于云南等地,属于一种中药材。槟榔的主要成分为槟榔多酚,主要是黄酮类物质[12]。据报道,槟榔多酚具有较强的抗氧化应激作用,槟榔的抗氧化活性主要来自多酚类化合物,多酚的含量与抗氧化、抗缺氧的能力密切相关[13]。本课题组前期研究发现,槟榔多酚能够减轻低氧对H9C2心肌细胞造成的损伤[14],且800 mg/kg槟榔多酚能够减轻大鼠在高原环境下的组织损伤[15]。本研究首次在4010 m高原实地建立HAPE动物模型,评估槟榔多酚对HAPE的预防效果,以期为临床预防HAPE提供候选药物。
红景天胶囊(西藏军区红景天研制中心,批号:190402);槟榔饮片(甘肃陇脉药材有限公司);BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)。实验动物跑台(安徽正华生物仪器设备有限公司);MDF-U2086S超低温冰箱(日本SANYO公司);3K15型4 ℃高速台式冷冻离心机(美国Sigma公司);全自动血气分析仪(美国Nova公司);Tissuelyser-24多样品组织研磨机(上海净信实业发展有限公司);电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(常州普天仪器制造有限公司);SpectraMax i3型全自动荧光酶标仪(美国Molecular公司);涡旋混匀器(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);倒置显微镜(日本Olympus公司)。
槟榔多酚由本课题组自行制备。将槟榔饮片研磨成粉,以80%乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂(料液比1:30),65 ℃提取2 h[15]。提取后的产物经AB-8大孔树脂纯化,以95%乙醇洗脱。酒石酸法检测显示纯化后的产物中槟榔多酚含量为45.03%。
SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠36只,购自辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司[实验动物许可证号:SCK(辽)2020-0001],体重(200±20) g,随机分成6组:对照组(参照文献[16-19])、肺水肿模型组、红景天组(作为阳性对照,参照文献[20-22])以及槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组,每组6只。红景天给药剂量参照临床剂量,按照体表面积折算法换算[大鼠的折算系数=(体型系数大鼠×W2/3大鼠)/(体型系数人×W2/3)],每日剂量为280 mg/kg。因本课题组前期研究发现,800 mg/kg槟榔多酚能够减轻大鼠在高原环境下的组织损伤[15],本研究中槟榔多酚给药低、中、高剂量分别为400、800、1200 mg/kg。除对照组外,其余各组大鼠按照表1的方案预防给药3 d后急进高原(海拔4010 m),运送途中果冻补水。抵达高原后,继续低氧暴露48 h,期间仍按表1的方案给药,使用实验动物跑台对大鼠进行强制力竭运动,12 h运动/12 h休息为1个周期,运动期间每1 h休息5~10 min,共进行2个周期。于末次给药后1 h进行后续实验,对照组同时开始实验。本研究通过联勤保障部队第940医院科研伦理委员会批准(220KYLL112),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
实验开始前,各组大鼠称重并记录。实验结束后即采血前,再次进行称重并记录,比较各组大鼠实验前后及不同组别之间体重的差异。
末次给药1 h后,腹腔注射水合氯醛麻醉大鼠,沿腹中线打开腹腔,取腹主动脉血,使用血气分析仪检测动脉血氧饱和度(SatO2)、血液酸碱度(pH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血浆实际碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、标准碳酸氢盐(SBC)等,判断大鼠缺氧程度。
各组大鼠麻醉后,打开胸腔,取出右肺上叶,称量肺组织湿重,然后置于烘箱烘干72 h,温度设定56 ℃,称量干重。LWC(%)=(肺组织湿重—肺组织干重)/肺组织湿重×100%。
各组大鼠麻醉后,打开胸腔,结扎右肺,插入气管插管,用3 ml预冷的生理盐水分2~3次冲洗左肺,采集BALF,800 g离心10 min,取上清,用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。
各组大鼠麻醉后,打开胸腔,取右肺下叶,加入预冷的生理盐水(m:V=1:9)制备10%组织匀浆,采用试剂盒测定肺组织匀浆的蛋白浓度、T-SOD活力、MDA含量和GSH含量。
每组各取2只大鼠,麻醉后打开胸腔,取出完整右肺中叶,用预冷的生理盐水洗净血液,并用多聚甲醛固定液固定,使组织充分展开。组织固定后,切片(厚4 μm)、脱水、石蜡包埋、苏木精-伊红染色、脱水、树脂封片,显微镜下观察肺组织病理学变化。
使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。所有数据以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用LSD检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
表2所示,与实验前比较,实验后对照组、红景天组和槟榔多酚中剂量组大鼠体重增加(P<0.05),其余组实验前后体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验前后,各组间大鼠体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠SatO2、血液pH、PaO2、PaCO2、PO2/FIO2、SBC、二氧化碳总量(TCO2)、HCO3-分别降低11.19%、1.21%、37.44%、20.87%、37.46%、19.07%、21.11%、24.93%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),且SatO2、血液pH、PaO2、PaCO2均低于正常范围(表3)。
与肺水肿模型组比较,红景天组及槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠S a t O2分别升高6.56%(P<0.01)、1.79%(P<0.01)、6.10%(P<0.01)、4.63%(P<0.01),血液pH均升高至正常范围(P<0.05)。与肺水肿模型组比较,红景天组、槟榔多酚中剂量组、槟榔多酚高剂量组大鼠PaO2分别升高9.54%(P<0.01)、8.72%(P<0.01)、5.79%(P<0.01),槟榔多酚低剂量组、槟榔多酚中剂量组大鼠PaCO2明显升高5.56%(P<0.05)、10.78%(P<0.01)。与肺水肿模型组比较,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠SBC分别升高10.88%(P<0.01)、13.18%(P<0.05)、10.38%(P<0.01),红景天组和槟榔多酚中剂量组大鼠PO2/FIO2分别升高11.06%(P<0.01)和5.16%(P<0.05)(表3)。槟榔多酚各剂量组在血气指标改善方面与红景天组效果相近。
LWC测定结果显示,与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠LWC明显升高,差异有统计学意义(80.63%±0.25% vs. 79.00%±0.68%,P<0.01)。在预防性给予红景天胶囊以及低、中、高剂量槟榔多酚后,大鼠LWC分别降至79.67%±0.54%、79.07%±0.26%、78.49%±0.30%及78.10%±0.38%,且槟榔多酚效果优于红景天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)(表4)。
BLAF蛋白含量测定结果显示,与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠BLAF蛋白含量升高1.42倍(P<0.01);与肺水肿模型组比较,红景天组及槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组大鼠BLAF蛋白含量明显降低(P<0.01),且基本降至对照组水平(表4)。与红景天组相比,槟榔多酚低、中、高剂量组对大鼠BLAF蛋白含量的改善效果相近。
与对照组比较,肺水肿模型组大鼠肺组织SOD活力、GSH含量分别降低19.59%、37.29%,MDA含量升高20.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与肺水肿模型组比较,红景天组大鼠肺组织SOD活力、GSH含量明显升高20.32%(P<0.05)、72.97%(P<0.05);槟榔多酚中剂量组大鼠肺组织SOD活力明显升高25.86%(P<0.01),GSH含量明显升高1.35倍(P<0.01);槟榔多酚高剂量组大鼠肺组织SOD活力升高26.54%(P<0.01),MDA含量降低18.58%(P<0.05),GSH含量升高1.19倍(P<0.01)。槟榔多酚低剂量组与肺水肿模型组大鼠肺组织SOD活力、MDA含量及GSH含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表4)。槟榔多酚各剂量组在缓解氧化应激损伤方面优于红景天。
HE染色结果显示,对照组大鼠肺组织结构完整,肺泡呈空泡状薄壁结构,肺泡腔内无细胞及液体渗出,未出现明显病理改变(图1A);肺水肿模型组大鼠肺泡壁明显增厚,肺泡腔缩小并存在红细胞及粉红色蛋白物质,伴有炎性细胞浸润(图1B);预防给药400、800、1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚和280 mg/kg红景天后,大鼠肺泡结构趋于完整,肺泡壁变薄,肺泡腔内渗出减少甚至消失,炎性细胞减少,且1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚组改善作用较红景天组更显著(图1C—F)。
高原低氧是一系列高原疾病的主要诱因,HAPE的发生常伴有低氧血症,血气指标能够衡量机体的呼吸功能和血液酸碱平衡状况,通常用来评估机体的缺氧程度[23-24]。SatO2反映了动脉血中氧合血红蛋白与总血红蛋白的比例,可用于评估机体的血氧状况。HAPE大鼠的SatO2明显低于90%,提示发生了低氧血症,预防性给予槟榔多酚能够明显提升SatO2,缓解机体低氧血症,有效预防HAPE的发生。血液pH的正常范围为7.35~7.45,HAPE大鼠血液pH低于7.35,提示机体出现酸中毒[25],预防性给予槟榔多酚后,血液pH基本恢复正常水平。PaO2正常范围为60~90 mmHg,一般PaO2<80 mmHg时,机体可能处于低氧状态,PaO2<60 mmHg提示机体出现呼吸功能障碍。PaCO2正常范围为35~45 mmHg,PaCO2<35 mmHg提示机体出现呼吸性碱中毒或代谢性酸中毒。本研究结果表明,HAPE大鼠的呼吸功能严重受损,血液酸碱度异常降低,出现呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒,而在预防性给予槟榔多酚后,高原低氧条件下大鼠的低氧血症及呼吸功能障碍得到明显缓解,有效预防了HAPE的发生。
LWC可反映肺水肿的整体严重程度[26]。本研究结果显示,HAPE大鼠LWC较对照组明显升高,表明肺部出现明显水肿,HAPE模型建立成功。相较肺水肿模型组,槟榔多酚组能明显降低LWC,且呈剂量依赖性。
BALF蛋白含量可反映肺泡毛细血管的通透性,肺泡毛细血管通透性增加是HAPE发生的典型特征[27]。本研究结果显示,肺水肿模型组大鼠BALF蛋白含量较对照组明显升高,提示肺泡毛细血管通透性明显增加,而相较肺水肿模型组,槟榔多酚组大鼠的肺泡毛细血管通透性均有极大程度的改善,接近对照组水平,表明槟榔多酚可减轻HAPE。
HAPE伴随着一系列氧化应激损伤。机体内自由基的生成与清除处于动态平衡,这种平衡主要通过以SOD[28]、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)[29]为主的酶系统来维持。自由基与脂质的过氧化反应终产物是MDA,通常用MDA含量来评价组织膜系统的损伤程度[30]。本研究结果显示,肺水肿模型组大鼠肺组织SOD活力及GSH含量明显降低,而MDA含量明显升高,表明肺水肿模型组大鼠肺组织发生了明显的氧化应激损伤。在预防性给予高剂量槟榔多酚(1200 mg/kg)后,氧化应激损伤程度有明显缓解。
本研究中大鼠在高原条件下进行跑台力竭运动后,病理切片显示肺组织有明显损伤:肺泡壁增厚,肺泡腔缩小并存在红细胞及粉红色蛋白物质,伴有炎性细胞浸润。预防性给予红景天胶囊及槟榔多酚后,大鼠的肺泡结构趋于完整,肺泡壁变薄,肺泡腔内渗出减少甚至消失,炎性细胞减少,其中槟榔多酚高剂量组减轻肺组织病理损伤的效果尤为明显,且优于红景天胶囊。
槟榔多酚对HAPE的预防作用与剂量有一定的相关性,1200 mg/kg的剂量有更为明显的预防效果,但800 mg/kg也具有明显的作用。在实验过程中未发现1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚对大鼠具有明显的毒性作用,但仍需进一步深入研究。而最优给药方案应结合药效及剂量综合评价,因此,800 mg/kg及1200 mg/kg的剂量均具有较高的临床参考价值。本研究中,槟榔多酚的纯度仍有一定的优化空间,以此降低槟榔多酚的给药剂量,并需深入研究其发挥药效的主要成分,探索其作用靶点,为成药研究提供理论依据。
综上所述,本研究在高原实地配合跑台强制力竭运动成功建立了HAPE大鼠模型,并证实槟榔多酚对于HAPE具有明显的预防作用,800 mg/kg及1200 mg/kg槟榔多酚可减轻HAPE大鼠的低氧血症及水肿程度,维持肺泡毛细血管通透性,减轻氧化应激损伤及病理损伤,从而有效预防HAPE的发生。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81673508)
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2021年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.10.02
  • 接收时间:2021-05-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2021-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-10
  • 修回日期:2021-08-20
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673508)
国家自然科学基金(81673508)
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    1解放军联勤保障部队第940医院药剂科,兰州 730050
    2兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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