Article(id=1208518759363514553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208518757253779608, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1629216000000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-18, revisedDate=1634313600000, revisedDateStr=2021-10-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766062925425, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1640620800000, pubDateStr=2021-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766062925425, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766062925425, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062925425, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208518757253779608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2021', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='1167', pageEnd='1267', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766062924920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062998332, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208519065233125464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208518757253779608, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208519065233125465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208518757253779608, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1205, endPage=1212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208518759711641801, articleId=1208518759363514553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The value of plasma suPAR, urinary NGAL and KIM-1 for early diagnosis of adult with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the value of plasma soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR),urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated apolipoprotein (NGAL) and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the early diagnosis of adult with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted with consecutively recruited 170 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from March 2020 to February 2021. Venous blood and urine were collected before operation, 2 hours, 2 days and 7 days after operation, and the levels of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 were detected by enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA). According to the occurrence of AKI 7 days after operation, the patients were divided into AKI group (n=34) and non-AKI group (n=136). The levels of plasma suPAR, urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of CSA-AKI were analyzed by logistic regression,and the value of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of CSA-AKI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The level of plasma suPAR was significantly higher in AKI group than that in non-AKI group(P<0.01). The levels of urinary KIM-1 at 2 h after operation and urinary NGAL at 2 h and 7 d after operation were significantly higher in AKI group than those in non-AKI group (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of preoperative plasma suPAR, postoperative 2 h plasma suPAR, urine Kim-1 and urine NGAL diagnosed CSA-AKI were 0.683, 0.717, 0.643 and 0.631, respectively. The AUC area which combined detection of postoperative 2 h plasma suPAR + postoperative 2 h urine KIM-1+ 2 h urine NGAL was the largest (AUC=0.793, 95%CI 0.708-0.879, P<0.001), and the sensitivity and the specificity were 64.71%and 82.35%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),albumin (ALB), postoperative 2 h creatinine, postoperative 2 h estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), postoperative 2 h blood urea nitrogen (BUN), postoperative 2 h KIM-1 and postoperative 2 h NGAL, postoperative 2 h suPAR was still an independent risk factor for CSA-AKI. Conclusion Plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine Kim-1 can be used for early diagnosis of CSA-AKI.The diagnostic efficacy of plasma suPAR at 2 hours after operation is the best when detected alone. Combined detection of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine Kim-1 at 2 hours after operation can further improve the diagnostic efficiency of CSA-AKI.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Wen Zhao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨血浆可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)及尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、尿肾脏损伤分子-1(KIM-1)对成人心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤(CSA-AKI)的早期诊断价值。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,连续纳入2020年3月—2021年2月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科行体外循环心脏手术的患者170例,在术前和术后2 h、2 d、7 d分别留取静脉血及尿液,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1水平。按术后7 d是否发生AKI分为AKI组(n=34)和非AKI组(n=136),比较两组血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1水平的差异;采用logistic回归分析CSA-AKI的危险因素;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血浆suPAR,尿NGAL、尿KIM-1对CSA-AKI的早期诊断价值。结果 AKI组血浆suPAR水平明显高于非AKI组(P<0.01),AKI组术后2 h的尿KIM-1及术后2 h、7 d的尿NGAL水平均明显高于非AKI组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,术前、术后2 h血浆suPAR,术后2 h尿KIM-1、NGAL诊断CSA-AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.683、0.717、0.643、0.631;联合检测术后2 h血浆suPAR+尿KIM-1+尿NGAL的AUC最大(AUC=0.793,95%CI 0.708~0.879,P<0.001),敏感度为64.71%,特异度为82.35%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,在校正了性别,术前左室射血分数(LVEF)、白蛋白(ALB)及术后2 h肌酐、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血尿素氮(BUN)、KIM-1、NGAL后,术后2 h suPAR仍为CSA-AKI的独立危险因素。结论 血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1均可早期诊断CSA-AKI;单独检测时,术后2 h血浆suPAR的诊断效能最佳;联合检测术后2 h血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1可进一步提高对CSA-AKI的诊断效能。

, correspAuthors=赵洪雯, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵洪雯,E-mail:
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朱龙银,硕士研究生,主要从事急性肾损伤发病机制及预后方面的研究

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朱龙银,硕士研究生,主要从事急性肾损伤发病机制及预后方面的研究

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朱龙银,硕士研究生,主要从事急性肾损伤发病机制及预后方面的研究

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Chin J Clin Med, 2020, 27(3): 465-471., articleTitle=Application of Bayesian network model in the study of influencing factors of acute renal injury related to cardiac surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209083842250535825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=465, pageEnd=471, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=30, authorNames=李阳, 姜物华, 许佳瑞, journalName=中国临床医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[李阳, 姜物华, 许佳瑞, 等. 贝叶斯网络模型在心脏手术相关急性肾损伤影响因素分析中的应用[J]. 中国临床医学, 2020, 27(3): 465-471.], articleTitle=贝叶斯网络模型在心脏手术相关急性肾损伤影响因素分析中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209083842309256082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=396, pageEnd=401, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Ye N, Zhang Y, Cheng H, journalName=Chin J Clin Thorac Cardiov Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye N, Zhang Y, Cheng H, et al. Honglinical predictive score for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults[J]. Chin J Clin Thorac Cardiov Surg, 2013, 20(4): 396-401., articleTitle=Honglinical predictive score for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1209083842372170643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=396, pageEnd=401, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=32, authorNames=叶楠, 张燕, 程虹, journalName=中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[叶楠, 张燕, 程虹, 等. 成人心外科手术后急性肾损伤的评分预警系统创建[J]. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2013, 20(4): 396-401.], articleTitle=成人心外科手术后急性肾损伤的评分预警系统创建, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1209083839696204653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=2016YFC1103004, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1103004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209083839750730606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=2016YFC1103004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1103004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209083839838810991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=CX2019LC104, language=EN, fundingSource=Clinical Technological Innovation Training Project of Army Medical University(CX2019LC104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209083839926891376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=CX2019LC104, language=CN, fundingSource=陆军军医大学临床技术创新培育项目(CX2019LC104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209083840002388849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=2020-2017-045, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Subject of Army Medical University(2020-2017-045), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1209083840056914802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, awardId=2020-2017-045, language=CN, fundingSource=陆军军医大学基础研究课题(2020-2017-045), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1209083833199227680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209083833220199201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, companyId=1209083833199227680, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209083833236976418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, companyId=1209083833199227680, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学第一附属医院肾内科,重庆 400038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1209083833316668195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209083833325056804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, companyId=1209083833316668195, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1209083833333445413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, companyId=1209083833316668195, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科,重庆 400038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1209083837829739359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=ROC curve of plasma suPAR, urine KIM-1 and urine NGAL in diagnosis of CSA-AKI before or 2 hours after operation, figureFileSmall=MCk5el/eLYVc3CY/BsoiUw==, figureFileBig=1RtlfroL2UmYbMiOv6Tp/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209083837896848224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=图1, caption=术前或术后2 h血浆suPAR、尿KIM-1、尿NGAL诊断CSA-AKI的ROC曲线

suPAR. 可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体;KIM-1. 肾脏损伤分子-1;NGAL. 中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白

, figureFileSmall=MCk5el/eLYVc3CY/BsoiUw==, figureFileBig=1RtlfroL2UmYbMiOv6Tp/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209083838001705825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=ROC curve of plasma suPAR combined with urine KIM-1 and urine NGAL at 2 hours after operation in diagnosis of CSA-AKI, figureFileSmall=Czw4u9u+qaEPvp+0RLeltg==, figureFileBig=8p7GOiAUd5nNlTNL3iSpew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209083838064620386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=图2, caption=血浆suPAR联合术后2 h尿KIM-1、尿NGAL诊断CSA-AKI的ROC曲线

suPAR. 可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体;KIM-1. 肾脏损伤分子-1;NGAL. 中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白

, figureFileSmall=Czw4u9u+qaEPvp+0RLeltg==, figureFileBig=8p7GOiAUd5nNlTNL3iSpew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209083838182060899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of the clinical baseline data of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目AKI组(n=34)非AKI组(n=136)t/χ2/UP
年龄[岁,M(Q1Q3)]55.0(50.8,58.3)53.0(48.0,57.8)1947.0000.155
性别(男/女)20/1454/824.0440.044
BMI[kg/m2M(Q1Q3)]24.16(22.77,26.66)23.73(21.63,26.09)1930.0000.137
糖尿病[例(%)]3(8.8)6(4.4)0.3590.549
高血压[例(%)]8(23.5)23(16.9)0.7990.371
心力衰竭[例(%)]31(91.2)127(93.4)0.0060.940
LVEF[%,M(Q1Q3)]55.50(47.25,63.00)59.00(54.00,64.75)1840.0000.066
术前使用造影剂[例(%)]24(70.6)76(55.9)2.4290.119
Scr [μmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]75.30(60.73,87.00)69.25(62.13,79.55)1862.0000.080
eGFR[ml/min,M(Q1Q3)]93.93(78.79,102.63)94.72(85.95,106.62)2008.0000.236
BUN[mmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]6.32(5.08,7.02)5.78(4.71,7.13)2177.5000.600
WBC[×109/L,M(Q1Q3)]6.35(5.15,7.87)5.82(4.83,7.23)1917.0000.124
HGB[g/L,M(Q1Q3)]137.50(112.75,144.00)135.00(122.00,143.75)2182.0000.612
ALB(g/L,$\bar{x}±s$)37.99±4.6639.92±3.75-2.5390.012
NEUT(%,$\bar{x}±s$)61.05±12.9260.15±9.410.3840.703
), ArticleFig(id=1209083838244975460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组心脏手术患者临床基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目AKI组(n=34)非AKI组(n=136)t/χ2/UP
年龄[岁,M(Q1Q3)]55.0(50.8,58.3)53.0(48.0,57.8)1947.0000.155
性别(男/女)20/1454/824.0440.044
BMI[kg/m2M(Q1Q3)]24.16(22.77,26.66)23.73(21.63,26.09)1930.0000.137
糖尿病[例(%)]3(8.8)6(4.4)0.3590.549
高血压[例(%)]8(23.5)23(16.9)0.7990.371
心力衰竭[例(%)]31(91.2)127(93.4)0.0060.940
LVEF[%,M(Q1Q3)]55.50(47.25,63.00)59.00(54.00,64.75)1840.0000.066
术前使用造影剂[例(%)]24(70.6)76(55.9)2.4290.119
Scr [μmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]75.30(60.73,87.00)69.25(62.13,79.55)1862.0000.080
eGFR[ml/min,M(Q1Q3)]93.93(78.79,102.63)94.72(85.95,106.62)2008.0000.236
BUN[mmol/L,M(Q1Q3)]6.32(5.08,7.02)5.78(4.71,7.13)2177.5000.600
WBC[×109/L,M(Q1Q3)]6.35(5.15,7.87)5.82(4.83,7.23)1917.0000.124
HGB[g/L,M(Q1Q3)]137.50(112.75,144.00)135.00(122.00,143.75)2182.0000.612
ALB(g/L,$\bar{x}±s$)37.99±4.6639.92±3.75-2.5390.012
NEUT(%,$\bar{x}±s$)61.05±12.9260.15±9.410.3840.703
), ArticleFig(id=1209083838324667237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of the postoperative clinical data of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in two groups [M(Q1, Q3)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目AKI组(n=34)非AKI组(n=136)UP
手术时间(min)293.00(239.25,357.25)260.00(225.25,312.25)1830.5000.061
体外循环时间(min)141.00(124.75,191.50)143.00(113.25,171.75)2097.0000.402
术中尿量(ml)2100.00(1500.00,2800.00)2200.00(1700.00,2875.00)2134.5000.489
术后当天尿量(ml)1417.50(1060.00,1905.00)1700.00(1278.75,2073.75)1761.0000.032
术后2 h Scr(μmol/L)77.40(56.68,89.72)64.40(57.49,74.39)1832.0000.061
术后2 h eGFR(ml/min)96.43(72.67,110.31)99.46(90.57,110.38)1899.0000.108
术后2 h BUN(mmol/L)6.37(5.12,8.00)6.00(5.09,6.78)1908.0000.116
呼吸机使用时间(min)1817.50(1390.25,2686.25)1246.50(1039.50,1533.75)986.000<0.001
ICU住院时间(min)5706.00(4045.00,8128.25)4295.00(3020.00,5616.25)1495.0000.001
总住院时间(d)17.00(14.00,23.00)16.00(13.00,18.00)1780.5000.038
), ArticleFig(id=1209083838404359014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组心脏手术患者术后临床资料比较[M(Q1, Q3)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目AKI组(n=34)非AKI组(n=136)UP
手术时间(min)293.00(239.25,357.25)260.00(225.25,312.25)1830.5000.061
体外循环时间(min)141.00(124.75,191.50)143.00(113.25,171.75)2097.0000.402
术中尿量(ml)2100.00(1500.00,2800.00)2200.00(1700.00,2875.00)2134.5000.489
术后当天尿量(ml)1417.50(1060.00,1905.00)1700.00(1278.75,2073.75)1761.0000.032
术后2 h Scr(μmol/L)77.40(56.68,89.72)64.40(57.49,74.39)1832.0000.061
术后2 h eGFR(ml/min)96.43(72.67,110.31)99.46(90.57,110.38)1899.0000.108
术后2 h BUN(mmol/L)6.37(5.12,8.00)6.00(5.09,6.78)1908.0000.116
呼吸机使用时间(min)1817.50(1390.25,2686.25)1246.50(1039.50,1533.75)986.000<0.001
ICU住院时间(min)5706.00(4045.00,8128.25)4295.00(3020.00,5616.25)1495.0000.001
总住院时间(d)17.00(14.00,23.00)16.00(13.00,18.00)1780.5000.038
), ArticleFig(id=1209083838471467879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of the biomarkers levels between the two groups at different times before and after cardiac surgery [M(Q1, Q3)]

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组别Scr(μmol/L)血浆suPAR(ng/ml)尿KIM-1(ng/ml)尿NGAL(ng/ml)
非AKI组(n=136)
 术前69.25(62.13,79.55)2.49(1.87,3.44)0.93(0.32,1.98)3.27(1.59,6.26)
 术后2 h64.40(57.49,74.39)(1)2.50(1.95,3.48)0.53(0.26,1.42)5.43(2.53,7.69)(1)
 术后2 d62.63(56.55,74.55)(1)2.48(1.91,3.18)(2)4.74(2.19,6.69)(1)(2)7.23(5.57,8.41)(1)(2)
 术后7 d61.10(52.70,72.00)(1)(2)(3)3.03(2.28,4.02)(1)(2)(3)1.21(0.56,2.60)(1)(2)(3)4.46(2.51,6.61)(1)(3)
AKI组(n=34)
 术前75.30(60.73,87.00)3.36(2.55,5.47)(4)1.11(0.70,2.11)2.85(1.33,5.80)
 术后2 h77.40(56.68,89.72)3.74(2.51,5.36)(4)1.31(0.35,3.17)(4)6.54(4.73,9.32)(1)(4)
 术后2 d105.65(83.75,132.80)(1)(2)(4)3.19(2.46,4.45)(4)4.32(1.30,8.78)(1)(2)7.09(5.33,9.17)(1)
 术后7 d86.95(68.45,99.13)(1)(2)(3)(4)4.44(3.25,5.79)(3)(4)1.86(0.74,3.77)(1)(3)6.96(3.21,9.64)(1)(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1209083838542771048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组心脏手术患者手术前后不同时间点生物标志物水平比较[M(Q1, Q3)]

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组别Scr(μmol/L)血浆suPAR(ng/ml)尿KIM-1(ng/ml)尿NGAL(ng/ml)
非AKI组(n=136)
 术前69.25(62.13,79.55)2.49(1.87,3.44)0.93(0.32,1.98)3.27(1.59,6.26)
 术后2 h64.40(57.49,74.39)(1)2.50(1.95,3.48)0.53(0.26,1.42)5.43(2.53,7.69)(1)
 术后2 d62.63(56.55,74.55)(1)2.48(1.91,3.18)(2)4.74(2.19,6.69)(1)(2)7.23(5.57,8.41)(1)(2)
 术后7 d61.10(52.70,72.00)(1)(2)(3)3.03(2.28,4.02)(1)(2)(3)1.21(0.56,2.60)(1)(2)(3)4.46(2.51,6.61)(1)(3)
AKI组(n=34)
 术前75.30(60.73,87.00)3.36(2.55,5.47)(4)1.11(0.70,2.11)2.85(1.33,5.80)
 术后2 h77.40(56.68,89.72)3.74(2.51,5.36)(4)1.31(0.35,3.17)(4)6.54(4.73,9.32)(1)(4)
 术后2 d105.65(83.75,132.80)(1)(2)(4)3.19(2.46,4.45)(4)4.32(1.30,8.78)(1)(2)7.09(5.33,9.17)(1)
 术后7 d86.95(68.45,99.13)(1)(2)(3)(4)4.44(3.25,5.79)(3)(4)1.86(0.74,3.77)(1)(3)6.96(3.21,9.64)(1)(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1209083839293551465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of the diagnostic value of different biomarkers for early AKI

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标志物AUCSE95%CIP敏感度(%)特异度(%)
术前suPAR0.6830.0520.581~0.7850.00173.5356.62
术后2 h suPAR0.7170.0510.618~0.816<0.00164.7170.59
术后2 h KIM-10.6430.0570.531~0.7540.01067.6570.59
术后2 h NGAL0.6310.0500.532~0.7300.01888.2441.91
联合检测10.7560.0470.665~0.848<0.00167.6574.26
联合检测20.7930.0440.708~0.879<0.00164.7182.35
), ArticleFig(id=1209083839373243242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同生物标志物对AKI早期诊断价值的比较

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标志物AUCSE95%CIP敏感度(%)特异度(%)
术前suPAR0.6830.0520.581~0.7850.00173.5356.62
术后2 h suPAR0.7170.0510.618~0.816<0.00164.7170.59
术后2 h KIM-10.6430.0570.531~0.7540.01067.6570.59
术后2 h NGAL0.6310.0500.532~0.7300.01888.2441.91
联合检测10.7560.0470.665~0.848<0.00167.6574.26
联合检测20.7930.0440.708~0.879<0.00164.7182.35
), ArticleFig(id=1209083839440352107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for CSA-AKI

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变量βSEWald χ2POR95%CI
单因素
 性别0.7740.3903.9420.0472.1691.010~4.659
 术前LVEF-4.5091.9625.2820.0220.0110.000~0.515
 术前ALB-0.1160.0485.9140.0150.8910.811~0.978
 术前suPAR0.3540.10810.7430.0011.4251.153~1.760
 术前Scr0.0290.0144.4740.0341.0291.002~1.057
 术后2 h suPAR0.5090.12815.939<0.0011.6641.296~2.137
 术后2 h Scr0.0280.0125.1440.0231.0281.004~1.054
 术后2 h eGFR-0.0230.0114.1450.0420.9770.956~0.999
 术后2 h BUN0.2240.1114.0820.0431.2511.007~1.554
 术后2 h KIM-10.2630.0928.1960.0041.3001.086~1.556
 术后2 h NGAL0.1530.0645.6970.0171.1651.028~1.321
多因素
 性别2.1370.8306.6390.0108.4771.668~43.086
 术前LVEF-5.3732.3445.2550.0220.0050.000~0.459
 术前ALB-0.0760.0581.7220.1890.9260.827~1.038
 术后2 h suPAR0.5680.15214.004<0.0011.7651.311~2.377
 术后2 h Scr-0.0270.0320.7330.3920.9730.914~1.036
 术后2 h eGFR-0.0400.0291.8830.1700.9610.908~1.017
 术后2 h BUN0.0500.1580.1000.7521.0510.772~1.431
 术后2 h KIM-10.4070.12610.4980.0011.5031.175~1.922
 术后2 h NGAL0.1640.0814.1000.0431.1781.005~1.381
), ArticleFig(id=1209083839528432492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208518759363514553, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CSA-AKI危险因素的logistic回归分析

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变量βSEWald χ2POR95%CI
单因素
 性别0.7740.3903.9420.0472.1691.010~4.659
 术前LVEF-4.5091.9625.2820.0220.0110.000~0.515
 术前ALB-0.1160.0485.9140.0150.8910.811~0.978
 术前suPAR0.3540.10810.7430.0011.4251.153~1.760
 术前Scr0.0290.0144.4740.0341.0291.002~1.057
 术后2 h suPAR0.5090.12815.939<0.0011.6641.296~2.137
 术后2 h Scr0.0280.0125.1440.0231.0281.004~1.054
 术后2 h eGFR-0.0230.0114.1450.0420.9770.956~0.999
 术后2 h BUN0.2240.1114.0820.0431.2511.007~1.554
 术后2 h KIM-10.2630.0928.1960.0041.3001.086~1.556
 术后2 h NGAL0.1530.0645.6970.0171.1651.028~1.321
多因素
 性别2.1370.8306.6390.0108.4771.668~43.086
 术前LVEF-5.3732.3445.2550.0220.0050.000~0.459
 术前ALB-0.0760.0581.7220.1890.9260.827~1.038
 术后2 h suPAR0.5680.15214.004<0.0011.7651.311~2.377
 术后2 h Scr-0.0270.0320.7330.3920.9730.914~1.036
 术后2 h eGFR-0.0400.0291.8830.1700.9610.908~1.017
 术后2 h BUN0.0500.1580.1000.7521.0510.772~1.431
 术后2 h KIM-10.4070.12610.4980.0011.5031.175~1.922
 术后2 h NGAL0.1640.0814.1000.0431.1781.005~1.381
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血浆suPAR及尿NGAL、KIM-1对成人心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤的早期诊断价值
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朱龙银 1 , 王海霞 1 , 程伟 2 , 张湖海 1 , 冉玲玉 1 , 龙焕屏 1 , 盛毓秀 1 , 陈丽萍 1 , 赵洪雯 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021,46(12): 1205-1212
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解放军医学杂志 | 论著 2021, 46(12): 1205-1212
血浆suPAR及尿NGAL、KIM-1对成人心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤的早期诊断价值
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朱龙银1, 王海霞1, 程伟2, 张湖海1, 冉玲玉1, 龙焕屏1, 盛毓秀1, 陈丽萍1, 赵洪雯1, *
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学第一附属医院肾内科,重庆 400038
  • 2陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科,重庆 400038
  • 朱龙银,硕士研究生,主要从事急性肾损伤发病机制及预后方面的研究

通讯作者:

赵洪雯,E-mail:
The value of plasma suPAR, urinary NGAL and KIM-1 for early diagnosis of adult with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury
Long-Yin Zhu1, Hai-Xia Wang1, Wei Cheng2, Hu-Hai Zhang1, Ling-Yu Ran1, Huan-Ping Long1, Yu-Xiu Sheng1, Li-Ping Chen1, Hong-Wen Zhao1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
  • 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
出版时间: 2021-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.06
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目的 探讨血浆可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)及尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、尿肾脏损伤分子-1(KIM-1)对成人心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤(CSA-AKI)的早期诊断价值。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,连续纳入2020年3月—2021年2月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科行体外循环心脏手术的患者170例,在术前和术后2 h、2 d、7 d分别留取静脉血及尿液,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1水平。按术后7 d是否发生AKI分为AKI组(n=34)和非AKI组(n=136),比较两组血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1水平的差异;采用logistic回归分析CSA-AKI的危险因素;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血浆suPAR,尿NGAL、尿KIM-1对CSA-AKI的早期诊断价值。结果 AKI组血浆suPAR水平明显高于非AKI组(P<0.01),AKI组术后2 h的尿KIM-1及术后2 h、7 d的尿NGAL水平均明显高于非AKI组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,术前、术后2 h血浆suPAR,术后2 h尿KIM-1、NGAL诊断CSA-AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.683、0.717、0.643、0.631;联合检测术后2 h血浆suPAR+尿KIM-1+尿NGAL的AUC最大(AUC=0.793,95%CI 0.708~0.879,P<0.001),敏感度为64.71%,特异度为82.35%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,在校正了性别,术前左室射血分数(LVEF)、白蛋白(ALB)及术后2 h肌酐、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血尿素氮(BUN)、KIM-1、NGAL后,术后2 h suPAR仍为CSA-AKI的独立危险因素。结论 血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1均可早期诊断CSA-AKI;单独检测时,术后2 h血浆suPAR的诊断效能最佳;联合检测术后2 h血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1可进一步提高对CSA-AKI的诊断效能。

急性肾损伤  /  心脏手术  /  可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体  /  中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白  /  肾脏损伤分子-1

Objective To explore the value of plasma soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR),urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated apolipoprotein (NGAL) and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the early diagnosis of adult with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted with consecutively recruited 170 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from March 2020 to February 2021. Venous blood and urine were collected before operation, 2 hours, 2 days and 7 days after operation, and the levels of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 were detected by enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA). According to the occurrence of AKI 7 days after operation, the patients were divided into AKI group (n=34) and non-AKI group (n=136). The levels of plasma suPAR, urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of CSA-AKI were analyzed by logistic regression,and the value of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of CSA-AKI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The level of plasma suPAR was significantly higher in AKI group than that in non-AKI group(P<0.01). The levels of urinary KIM-1 at 2 h after operation and urinary NGAL at 2 h and 7 d after operation were significantly higher in AKI group than those in non-AKI group (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of preoperative plasma suPAR, postoperative 2 h plasma suPAR, urine Kim-1 and urine NGAL diagnosed CSA-AKI were 0.683, 0.717, 0.643 and 0.631, respectively. The AUC area which combined detection of postoperative 2 h plasma suPAR + postoperative 2 h urine KIM-1+ 2 h urine NGAL was the largest (AUC=0.793, 95%CI 0.708-0.879, P<0.001), and the sensitivity and the specificity were 64.71%and 82.35%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),albumin (ALB), postoperative 2 h creatinine, postoperative 2 h estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), postoperative 2 h blood urea nitrogen (BUN), postoperative 2 h KIM-1 and postoperative 2 h NGAL, postoperative 2 h suPAR was still an independent risk factor for CSA-AKI. Conclusion Plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine Kim-1 can be used for early diagnosis of CSA-AKI.The diagnostic efficacy of plasma suPAR at 2 hours after operation is the best when detected alone. Combined detection of plasma suPAR, urine NGAL and urine Kim-1 at 2 hours after operation can further improve the diagnostic efficiency of CSA-AKI.

acute kidney injury  /  cardiac surgery  /  soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor  /  neutrophil gelatinase associated lipid carrier protein  /  kidney injury molecule-1
朱龙银, 王海霞, 程伟, 张湖海, 冉玲玉, 龙焕屏, 盛毓秀, 陈丽萍, 赵洪雯. 血浆suPAR及尿NGAL、KIM-1对成人心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤的早期诊断价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2021 , 46 (12) : 1205 -1212 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.06
Long-Yin Zhu, Hai-Xia Wang, Wei Cheng, Hu-Hai Zhang, Ling-Yu Ran, Huan-Ping Long, Yu-Xiu Sheng, Li-Ping Chen, Hong-Wen Zhao. The value of plasma suPAR, urinary NGAL and KIM-1 for early diagnosis of adult with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2021 , 46 (12) : 1205 -1212 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.06
急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是由不同病因引起的以肾小球滤过率急剧下降和尿量减少为特点的临床综合征[1-2],我国住院患者AKI发病率为6.9%~11.6%[3]。心脏手术相关性急性肾损伤(cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury,CSA-AKI)是重症患者AKI的第2位发病原因[4],全球发病率为5%~43%[5]。CSA-AKI的发生可直接延长住院时间、增加住院费用,影响远期预后。目前CSA-AKI的诊断有赖于改善全球肾脏病预后组织(kidney disease improving global outcome,KDIGO)2012年发布的诊断标准[6],但该标准敏感度差,受影响因素较多,且诊断时间相对滞后,因此在临床诊疗中寻找更早期、敏感度及特异度更高的生物标志物具有重要意义。可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor,suPAR)是尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor,uPAR)的可溶形式,通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇(glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol,GPI)表达于多种细胞的细胞膜上[7]。当机体发生炎症反应时,GPI锚被各种蛋白酶裂解,导致uPAR从质膜释放,形成suPAR[7-8]。suPAR可存在于人体血液、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、卵巢囊液等多种体液中[7,9],且性质稳定,含量测定不受样品采集时间、饮食、药物及反复冻融等因素的影响[10]。suPAR作为一新型生物标志物,在肿瘤、感染,以及心血管、风湿免疫、肾脏等疾病中均有相关研究。国外有研究表明,CSA-AKI患者术前suPAR明显高于非AKI患者,提示血浆suPAR可能是CSA-AKI的一种预测性生物标志物[11-12]。但目前暂无suPAR诊断CSA-AKI的确切临界值,我国也无研究报道suPAR与CSA-AKI的相关性。本研究通过观察心脏手术后血浆suPAR的动态变化,探讨血浆suPAR对CSA-AKI的早期预测价值,比较血浆suPAR及现有新型生物标志物尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipid carrier protein,NGAL)、肾脏损伤分子-1(urinary kidney injury molecule-1,KIM-1)对CSA-AKI的诊断效能,以评估血浆suPAR联合尿NGAL、KIM-1对CSA-AKI的诊断价值,旨在早期识别CSA-AKI的发生。
本研究为前瞻性病例对照研究。连续纳入2020年3月—2021年2月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科择期行体外循环心脏手术的患者。纳入标准:(1)择期行体外循环心脏手术;(2)性别不限,年龄18~70岁;(3)基础肾功能正常。排除标准:(1)有活动性感染;(2)合并恶性肿瘤、血液疾病、结缔组织病、免疫性疾病、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎等;(3)已行肾移植手术;(4)伴有慢性肾功能不全、尿路梗阻。按照KDIGO标准,根据入组患者术后7 d内是否发生CSA-AKI分为AKI组与非AKI组。所有受试者均签署知情同意书,且已经陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(KY2020060)。
收集患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、基础疾病、临床检验指标、手术时间、体外循环时间、术中尿量、术后当天尿量、术后呼吸机使用时间、重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、总住院时间等临床资料。
在体外循环心脏手术前、术后2 h、术后2 d、术后7 d收集患者静脉血及随机尿液标本。于收集后1 h内3000 r/min(离心半径为117 mm)离心10 min,取上层血浆/上清液分装入冻存管,存于-80 ℃冰箱备用。
采用酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血浆suPAR及尿NAGL、KIM-1水平。suPAR试剂盒购自丹麦Virogates公司,NGAL及KIM-1试剂盒均来源于美国R&D公司。所有检测按照试剂盒说明书进行操作。
对AKI组与非AKI组手术前后的血浆suPAR及尿NAGL、KIM-1水平进行比较,然后再进一步分析CSA-AKI的影响因素,并通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各生物标志物对CSA-AKI的诊断效能。
采用SPSS 23.0和MedCalc 19.0软件进行分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验确定计量资料的分布情况,呈正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布则采用M(Q1Q3)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验;组内不同时间点各指标的比较采用重复测量的方差分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析CSA-AKI的影响因素,并绘制ROC曲线,评估suPAR、NGAL、KIM-1及联合检测对CSA-AKI的诊断效能。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入170例行体外循环心脏手术的患者,其中AKI组34例,非AKI组136例,AKI发生率为20.0%。AKI组男20例,女14例,非AKI组男54例,女82例,两组间性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的年龄、BMI、术前合并症(糖尿病、高血压、心力衰竭)、术前使用造影剂、术前基线指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、血清肌酐(Scr)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血尿素氮(BUN)、白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)]、手术时间、体外循环时间、术中尿量、术后2 h指标(Scr、eGFR、BUN)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表12)。体外循环心脏手术后,AKI组术后呼吸机使用时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间明显长于非AKI组(P<0.05),术前白蛋白(ALB)、术后当天尿量低于非AKI组(P<0.05,表2)。
AKI组在术后2、7 d时Scr水平明显高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AKI组术前、术后2 h、术后2 d、术后7 d血浆suPAR水平均明显高于非AKI组(P<0.01);AKI组术后2 h尿KIM-1水平明显高于非AKI组(P<0.05),术后2 h (P<0.05)、术后7 d(P<0.01)尿NGAL水平明显高于非AKI组,其余时间点两组尿KIM-1、尿NGAL水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。
AKI组Scr水平在术后2 d开始明显升高达峰值,至术后7 d逐渐回落,但仍明显高于术前(P<0.01)、术后2 h(P<0.01);血浆suPAR水平在术后2 h小幅上升,然后呈下降趋势,术后2 d时降至最低值,随后再次升高,并在术后7 d达峰值;尿KIM-1水平在术后2 h小幅上升,术后2 d达峰值,较术前、术后2 h差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),至术后7 d逐渐回落;尿NGAL水平在术后2 h明显升高,术后2 d达峰值,术后7 d逐渐回落,但仍明显高于术前水平(P<0.01)(表3)。
非AKI组Scr水平在术后进行性降低,术后2 h、术后2 d、术后7 d均明显低于术前水平(P<0.01);血浆suPAR水平在术后2 h小幅上升,术后2 d降至最低值,再次于术后7 d升高达峰值,较术前、术后2 h、术后2 d差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);尿KIM-1水平在术后2 h小幅度下降,术后2 d升高达峰值,其水平明显高于术前、术后2 h、术后7 d (P<0.01);尿NGAL水平在术后2 h即较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后2 d达峰值,其水平明显高于术前、术后2 h、术后7 d(P<0.01)(表3)。
ROC曲线分析结果显示,单独检测时,术后2 h血浆suPAR预测CSA-AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)最大,为0.683(95%CI 0.581~0.785,P=0.001),最佳临界值为2.63 ng/ml,其预测CSA-AKI的敏感度为73.53%,特异度为56.62%,但与术前血浆suPAR、术后2 h尿KIM-1、术后2 h尿NGAL比较差异无统计学意义;将suPAR、NGAL、KIM-1联合检测,其AUC大于任何一个指标单独检测,但联合检测1(术前血浆suPAR+术后2 h尿KIM-1+术后2 h尿NGAL)与联合检测2(术后2 h血浆suPAR+术后2 h尿KIM-1+术后2 h尿NGAL)诊断CSA-AKI的AUC比较差异无统计学意义(图12表4)。
单因素logistic回归分析显示,性别,术前LVEF、ALB、suPAR、Scr,以及术后2 h的suPAR、Scr、eGFR、BUN、KIM-1、NGAL是CSA-AKI的危险因素;多因素logistic回归分析显示,在校正了性别,术前LVEF、ALB及术后2 h的Scr、eGFR、BUN、KIM-1、NGAL后,术后2 h suPAR仍为CSA-AKI的独立危险因素(表5)。
CSA-AKI是体外循环心脏手术后的严重并发症,高达10%的患者需行肾脏替代治疗[13],其发生的病理生理学机制十分复杂,可能与肾脏低灌注、缺血再灌注损伤、神经体液激活、炎症、氧化应激、机械损伤、肾毒性药物的使用等多种因素相关[14]。目前,CSA-AKI的诊断多采用KDIGO标准,而该标准依赖于Scr及尿量的变化,对CSA-AKI的诊断常常滞后,从而延误了最佳治疗时机。若能早期识别CSA-AKI,尽早改善肾脏灌注、减少肾耗氧量及减轻炎症损伤,可改善患者的远期预后。基于此,近年来关于早期诊断CSA-AKI生物标志物的研究越来越多,其中有明确临床应用前景的新型生物标志物主要为NGAL、KIM-1、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)及组织抑制剂金属蛋白酶-2(TIMP-2)等[15-16],而suPAR也在2017年首次应用于CSA-AKI的研究中[11]。但是,目前关于suPAR与CSA-AKI相关性的研究较少[11-12],且均为单中心研究,更无suPAR联合NGAL、KIM-1等经典生物标志物预测CSA-AKI的报道。因此,本研究评估了新型生物标志物血浆suPAR诊断CSA-AKI的可靠性,比较了血浆suPAR和尿NGAL、KIM-1以及联合检测血浆suPAR和尿NAGL、KIM-1对CSA-AKI的诊断效能,以期提高CSA-AKI的诊断敏感度及特异度。
本研究发现,CSA-AKI的发生率为20%,低于Harky等[5]报道的发生率,可能的原因有:(1)本研究严格了纳入、排除标准,排除了术前合并肾功能不全、活动性感染、肾移植等AKI高危因素的患者;(2)由于目前缺乏对CSA-AKI统一的定义和认识,现有诊断方法主要为RIFLE、急性肾损伤网络(AKIN)、KDIGO标准,本研究选取的是KDIGO标准;(3)本研究纳入人群为成人患者,而全球发病率由于包含婴幼儿在内,CSA-AKI发病率更高;(4)本研究未对患者术后每小时尿量变化进行监测,故有可能漏掉部分AKI患者;(5)本研究样本量偏小,不足以提供充分的流行病学依据,期待更大样本的研究来探讨CSA-AKI的发病率。
本研究发现,AKI组术前血浆suPAR明显高于非AKI组,其预测CSA-AKI的AUC为0.683,当术前血浆suPAR临界值为2.63 ng/ml时,其敏感度为73.53%,特异度为56.62%,与Mossanen等[11]的研究结果十分接近,提示术前高水平的suPAR是术后发生AKI的危险因素。Hayek等[12]的研究发现,高水平的suPAR可能通过调节细胞生物能量学和增加氧化应激,增加肾脏近曲小管对损伤的敏感性,从而直接参与AKI的发生。但目前仍不清楚为何AKI组术前会有较高水平的suPAR。suPAR作为uPAR的可溶形式,在健康人群中仅呈低水平表达,较高水平的suPAR被认为反映了慢性炎症和免疫激活[17],而uPAR主要表达于免疫细胞(活化的T细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞),参与血管生成、黏附、细胞迁移、增殖、细胞存活、炎症和蛋白水解等过程[7]。一些促炎细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)及生长因子]可调节uPAR的表达,在炎症的刺激过程中,uPAR从质膜上脱落是suPAR形成的主要过程[18]。综上,笔者认为AKI组术前较高的suPAR水平可能与其长期慢性低度炎症状态相关,可通过研究suPAR与促炎细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF及生长因子)的相关性来证实该结论,同时,抑制术前炎症反应是否可降低术后CSA-AKI的发生率也需要通过进一步研究来证实。
本研究还发现,两组患者术后2 h的Scr、eGFR、BUN差异均无统计学意义,但AKI组血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1却明显高于非AKI组,提示体外循环心脏手术后血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1可较Scr等传统标志物更早地预测CSA-AKI的发生,术后2 h血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1诊断CSA-AKI的AUC分别为0.717、0.631、0.643。一项针对儿童CSA-AKI与尿NGAL、IL-18、L-FABP、KIM-1相关性的研究发现,尿NGAL于术后2 h即明显升高,其AUC高达0.9[19],但Hussain等[20]的系统评价发现,尿NGAL在成人中诊断CSA-AKI的AUC波动在0.60~0.75,与本研究结果相似,提示尿NGAL在儿童中可能具有更好的诊断效能。在一项纳入103例成人体外循环心脏手术患者的研究中,分别在术前及术后2、24、48 h检测尿KIM-1、NAG、NGAL、IL-18、胱抑素C、α1微球蛋白水平,结果显示术后2 h尿KIM-1的AUC最高,可达0.78(95%CI 0.64~0.91)[21],因此,该研究认为尿KIM-1能更好地预测CSA-AKI的发生。而本研究发现,术后2 h血浆suPAR的AUC较尿KIM-1大,因此,关于各种新型生物标志物对CSA-AKI的诊断效能,需要更多、更大样本的研究来证实。
为了进一步提高对CSA-AKI的诊断效能,本研究对suPAR、尿KIM-1、尿NGAL进行联合检测,结果显示,联合检测1(术前suPAR+术后2 h KIM-1+术后2 h NGAL)诊断CSA-AKI的AUC为0.756,较单独检测术后2 h尿NGAL的AUC明显增加;联合检测2(术后2 h suPAR+术后2 h KIM-1+术后2 h NGAL)诊断CSA-AKI的AUC为0.793,较单独检测术后2 h尿KIM-1、术后2 h尿NGAL、术前suPAR均明显增加,因此,联合检测术后2 h suPAR、术后2 h KIM-1、术后2 h NGAL可大幅度提高CSA-AKI的检出率。
全球每年约有200万的患者进行心脏手术[22],且CSA-AKI的发病率居高不下,因此CSA-AKI的危险因素也成为近年来临床研究的热点。在既往研究中,较为明确的危险因素主要有年龄、基础合并症(高血压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、心力衰竭、慢性肾功能不全)、使用肾毒性药物(非甾体抗炎药)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、手术类型、急诊手术、术后使用血管活性药物(去甲肾上腺素和多巴酚丁胺)、术后低心排量、围术期感染、围术期输血等[5,23-24]。本研究发现,影响CSA-AKI的危险因素有:男性,术前的LVEF、ALB、suPAR、Scr及术后2 h的 suPAR、Scr、eGFR、BUN、KIM-1、NGAL。其中术前LVEF、ALB、Scr、eGFR、BUN均为公认的危险因素,若术前及时干预,可降低CSA-AKI的发病率。对于性别,则有不同的研究报道,多个国外研究提示女性是CSA-AKI的危险因素[5,25-26],而我国部分研究认为男性的发病风险明显高于女性[27-28],与本研究结果一致,猜测这种差异可能与地域、种族有关。
综上所述,本研究结果显示血浆suPAR、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1均可早期预测CSA-AKI的发生,单独应用时,术后2 h血浆suPAR的诊断效能最高,而联合检测术后2 h血浆suPAR及尿NGAL、KIM-1可大幅提高CSA-AKI的检出率。但本研究仍存在一些不足:(1)为单中心研究,且样本量较小,因此需更多、更大样本的研究去证实该结论;(2)共纳入了34例AKI患者,其中32例为1期AKI,仅2例为3期AKI,因此无法进一步对生物标志物与AKI亚组的相关性进行分析;(3)两组血浆suPAR水平在术后7 d均达到最大值,但本研究未进一步追踪术后7 d患者的肾功能及血浆suPAR的变化,术后7 d的血浆suPAR水平是否对患者发生慢性肾脏病有预测价值仍需更进一步的临床研究来证实。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1103004)
  • 陆军军医大学临床技术创新培育项目(CX2019LC104)
  • 陆军军医大学基础研究课题(2020-2017-045)
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2021年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.06
  • 接收时间:2021-08-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2021-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-18
  • 修回日期:2021-10-16
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1103004)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1103004)
Clinical Technological Innovation Training Project of Army Medical University(CX2019LC104)
陆军军医大学临床技术创新培育项目(CX2019LC104)
Basic Research Subject of Army Medical University(2020-2017-045)
陆军军医大学基础研究课题(2020-2017-045)
作者信息
    1陆军军医大学第一附属医院肾内科,重庆 400038
    2陆军军医大学第一附属医院心脏外科,重庆 400038

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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