Article(id=1208516102800412919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1616688000000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1632758400000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-28, onlineDate=1766062292051, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1643299200000, pubDateStr=2022-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766062292051, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766062292051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062292051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208516099369464789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='101', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766062291230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062975431, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208518969208738485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208518969208738486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208516104293585151, articleId=1208516102800412919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Successful remission of refractory Takayasu arteritis with tofacitinib evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a case report and review of literature, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To report a case of refractory Takayasu arteritis (TAK) treated with tofacitinib (TOF) and evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and perform a literature review to better understand this disorder. Methods The data of a case of TAK treated with TOF were analyzed retrospectively, the treatment and follow-up experience summarized by searching the database(CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed) and the literature results analyzed comprehensively. Results The patient, a 28-year-old female with a 10-year history of TAK, presented with fever, neck pain and joints pain. Ultrasonography revealed intimal thickening and stenosis of the carotid artery. Laboratory tests demonstrated an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a C-reactive protein (CRP) level. The symptoms were improved after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. However, it relapsed during the course of GC tapering, even with the combination of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tocilizumab. The DMARDs and tocilizumab were not used continuously due to poor response and adverse drug reactions. As disease progressing, left subclavian aneurysm appeared. The treatment of this patient is a big challenge. After adjusting the treatment with tofacitinib (10 mg/d, then adjust to 7.5 mg/d) and GC (methylprednisolone 14 mg/d, then reduce to 8 mg/d), the patient was successfully relieved without any serious adverse events. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed that the thickness of arterial wall decreased (the thickness of left common carotid artery decreased from 8.9 mm to 1.2 mm, and the thickness of left subclavian artery decreased from 7.4 mm to 0.8 mm), the contrast intensity decreased (the total score decreased from 5 to 1), and the aneurysm disappeared. By March 2021 (searching CNKI, Wanfang Data and PubMed), a total of 10 cases of TAK patients treated with TOF. Nine patients were women. Seven patients improved and GC reduced. Only one patient had adverse reactions. Conclusions Janus kinase inhibitor is expected to be a new drug for the treatment of TAK. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can detect the thickness of the vessel wall and the enhancement of the thickened wall in real time. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound will be an effective tool for evaluating vascular inflammation.

, correspAuthors=Jiang-Lin Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 报道1例应用托法替布成功治疗的难治性大动脉炎(TAK)患者并复习文献,以提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾性分析1例应用托法替布治疗并使用超声造影连续评价的TAK患者的病例资料,通过检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed数据库,综合文献结果,总结TAK的治疗及随访经验。结果 本例为28岁女性,病史10年,临床表现为发热、颈痛和关节疼痛,超声发现颈动脉管壁增厚、管腔狭窄,实验室检测发现C反应蛋白和红细胞沉降率升高,接受激素治疗后病情可减轻。激素减量过程中反复复发,先后联合使用多种抗风湿药物及托珠单抗等,因疗效不佳或药物不良反应未能规律应用,动脉炎症逐渐加重,出现左侧锁骨下动脉瘤,疾病治疗困难。随后调整治疗方案为托法替布(初始10 mg/d,后逐渐减量至7.5 mg/d)联合糖皮质激素(甲泼尼龙14 mg/d,后逐渐减量至8 mg/d),患者临床症状缓解,未发现严重的不良反应。超声造影提示动脉壁厚度降低(左颈总动脉壁厚度由用药前的8.9 mm降至1.2 mm,左锁骨下动脉壁厚度由7.4 mm降至0.8 mm)、造影强度减弱(总评分由5分降至1分)、动脉瘤消失。检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed数据库(截至2021年3月),共报道10例应用托法替布治疗的TAK患者,其中男1例,女9例;7例病情减轻,激素剂量均有减少,仅1例出现不良反应。结论 Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂有望成为治疗TAK新的有效药物;血管超声造影能够实时检测血管壁厚度及增厚管壁造影增强情况,是评估血管炎症的有效工具。

, correspAuthors=张江林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张江林,E-mail:
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杨金水,医学硕士,主要从事肌肉骨骼超声在风湿免疫疾病诊治中的应用研究

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杨金水,医学硕士,主要从事肌肉骨骼超声在风湿免疫疾病诊治中的应用研究

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杨金水,医学硕士,主要从事肌肉骨骼超声在风湿免疫疾病诊治中的应用研究

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Ann Rheum Dis, 2017, 76(8): 1340-1347., articleTitle=Tofacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a phase II, 16-week, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208516115890836238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=376, issue=18, pageStart=1723, pageEnd=1736, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al. Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(18): 1723-1736., articleTitle=Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208516116008276756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=80, issue=1, pageStart=71, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Nash P, Kerschbaumer A, Dörner T, journalName=Ann Rheum Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nash P, Kerschbaumer A, Dörner T, et al. Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: a consensus statement[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2021, 80(1): 71-87., articleTitle=Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: a consensus statement, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208516106541732173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208516106550120781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, companyId=1208516106541732173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Rheumatology, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208516106558509390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, companyId=1208516106541732173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿免疫科,北京 100853)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208516112979989112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of Takayasu arteritis patient before and after treatment of tofacitinib, figureFileSmall=Ms31MAizvkwpgKeHj8ybzg==, figureFileBig=MxmnBOWWaWJz1kBp21ve0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208516113101623934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=CN, label=图1, caption=难治性大动脉炎患者应用托法替布治疗前后超声及超声造影图像

A. 2017年3月超声造影:白色箭头所示左锁骨下动脉(LSCA)动脉瘤处;B. 2017年9月超声:箭头示左颈总动脉(LCCA)管壁增厚处;C. 2017年9月超声造影:箭头示左颈总动脉(LCCA)管壁增厚处的造影剂增强;D. 2018年1月超声造影:白色箭头所示左锁骨下动脉(LSCA)动脉瘤缩小;E. 2018年4月超声:白色箭头所示左颈总动脉(LCCA)管壁增厚改善;F. 2018年4月超声造影:白色箭头所示左颈总动脉(LCCA)管壁增厚处的造影剂强度较前减弱

, figureFileSmall=Ms31MAizvkwpgKeHj8ybzg==, figureFileBig=MxmnBOWWaWJz1kBp21ve0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208516113328116359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Clinical indexes of a patient with Takayasu arteritis andcontrast-enhanced ultrasound results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访时间激素用量(mg/d)托法替布用量(mg/d)合并用药NIH评分ESR(mm/h)CRP(mg/L)LCCA造影分级LCCA厚度(mm)RCCA造影强度分级RCCA厚度(mm)LSCA造影强度分级LSCA厚度(mm)病变总造影强度评分其他情况
2016.082036693.62501.32合并感染
2016.101033343.626.601.42合并感染
2016.1215他克莫司21658.422.701.42合并感染
2017.0215他克莫司1930.621.6012 
2017.0315MMF、TCZ214923.30124.74LSCA动脉瘤
2017.0617.5MMF17522.701.223.14LSCA动脉瘤
2017.0911.2510MMF、TCZ22331.9628.91127.45LSCA动脉瘤
2018.01*1050114.622.511.722.45 
2018.048.255094.7111.611.711.83 
2018.1017.5513257.4521.823115合并感染
2019.02107.501911.112222.3115 
2019.05105LEF14914.823.223.911.25合并感染
2019.07301038136.0823.122.911.35合并感染
2019.0912.510050.521.821.500.74 
2019.11107.50122.4511.811.500.82 
2020.07107.50186.2411.201.100.81 
), ArticleFig(id=1208516113445556878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1例难治性大动脉炎患者临床指标及超声造影结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访时间激素用量(mg/d)托法替布用量(mg/d)合并用药NIH评分ESR(mm/h)CRP(mg/L)LCCA造影分级LCCA厚度(mm)RCCA造影强度分级RCCA厚度(mm)LSCA造影强度分级LSCA厚度(mm)病变总造影强度评分其他情况
2016.082036693.62501.32合并感染
2016.101033343.626.601.42合并感染
2016.1215他克莫司21658.422.701.42合并感染
2017.0215他克莫司1930.621.6012 
2017.0315MMF、TCZ214923.30124.74LSCA动脉瘤
2017.0617.5MMF17522.701.223.14LSCA动脉瘤
2017.0911.2510MMF、TCZ22331.9628.91127.45LSCA动脉瘤
2018.01*1050114.622.511.722.45 
2018.048.255094.7111.611.711.83 
2018.1017.5513257.4521.823115合并感染
2019.02107.501911.112222.3115 
2019.05105LEF14914.823.223.911.25合并感染
2019.07301038136.0823.122.911.35合并感染
2019.0912.510050.521.821.500.74 
2019.11107.50122.4511.811.500.82 
2020.07107.50186.2411.201.100.81 
), ArticleFig(id=1208516113537831571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Information of present case andthe other cases with Takayasu arteritis and treated with tofacitinib in the previously published literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发表文献年龄(岁)/性别病程(月)合并疾病激素最小剂量托法替布初始剂量(mg/d)合并用药既往用药检查方式预后不良反应
本例28/F9610 mg/d10LEFCYC、MTX、环孢素、LEF、他克莫司、MMF、托珠单抗血管超声造影改善软组织感染
Li等[4]29/F8410 mg/d10无MTX、CYC、AZA、MMF、LEF、他克莫司、托珠单抗血管超声改善
23/F51高血压15 mg/d10MTX、MMF、LEF、托珠单抗血管超声抵抗 
19/F6615 mg/d10CYC、托珠单抗血管超声改善 
22/F410 mg/d10MTX、AZA、MMF血管超声改善 
17/F18虹膜炎10 mg/d10MTX、MMF、托珠单抗血管超声可能有效 
Kuwabara等[5]32/F23UC8 mg/d20阿达木单抗、托珠单抗PET/CT改善
Yamamura等[6]26/M2415 mg/d10MTXAZA、CYC、环孢素、英夫利昔单抗、托珠单抗增强CT改善菌血症、皮脂腺囊肿感染
Sato等[7]17/F20UC13 mg/d20美沙拉秦AZA、戈利木单抗、维多珠单抗增强CT改善
Palermo等[8]18/F620.5 mg/(kg.d)10MTX、利妥昔单抗、阿达木单抗、托珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗MRA、PET/CT抵抗
14/F10810MMFMTX、AZA、MMF、英夫利昔单抗、托珠单抗、利妥昔单抗、阿达木单抗、MRA、PET/CT抵抗 
), ArticleFig(id=1208516113663660694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516102800412919, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本例及既往文献报道的接受托法替布治疗的大动脉炎患者情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发表文献年龄(岁)/性别病程(月)合并疾病激素最小剂量托法替布初始剂量(mg/d)合并用药既往用药检查方式预后不良反应
本例28/F9610 mg/d10LEFCYC、MTX、环孢素、LEF、他克莫司、MMF、托珠单抗血管超声造影改善软组织感染
Li等[4]29/F8410 mg/d10无MTX、CYC、AZA、MMF、LEF、他克莫司、托珠单抗血管超声改善
23/F51高血压15 mg/d10MTX、MMF、LEF、托珠单抗血管超声抵抗 
19/F6615 mg/d10CYC、托珠单抗血管超声改善 
22/F410 mg/d10MTX、AZA、MMF血管超声改善 
17/F18虹膜炎10 mg/d10MTX、MMF、托珠单抗血管超声可能有效 
Kuwabara等[5]32/F23UC8 mg/d20阿达木单抗、托珠单抗PET/CT改善
Yamamura等[6]26/M2415 mg/d10MTXAZA、CYC、环孢素、英夫利昔单抗、托珠单抗增强CT改善菌血症、皮脂腺囊肿感染
Sato等[7]17/F20UC13 mg/d20美沙拉秦AZA、戈利木单抗、维多珠单抗增强CT改善
Palermo等[8]18/F620.5 mg/(kg.d)10MTX、利妥昔单抗、阿达木单抗、托珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗MRA、PET/CT抵抗
14/F10810MMFMTX、AZA、MMF、英夫利昔单抗、托珠单抗、利妥昔单抗、阿达木单抗、MRA、PET/CT抵抗 
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超声造影评估托法替布成功治疗难治性大动脉炎1例并文献复习
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杨金水 , 李民 , 张江林 * , 万月华 , 朱剑 , 邓小虎 , 赵玉荣 , 王秀茹 , 张洁
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(1): 58-64
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(1): 58-64
超声造影评估托法替布成功治疗难治性大动脉炎1例并文献复习
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杨金水, 李民, 张江林* , 万月华, 朱剑, 邓小虎, 赵玉荣, 王秀茹, 张洁
作者信息
  • 解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿免疫科,北京 100853
  • 杨金水,医学硕士,主要从事肌肉骨骼超声在风湿免疫疾病诊治中的应用研究

通讯作者:

张江林,E-mail:
Successful remission of refractory Takayasu arteritis with tofacitinib evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a case report and review of literature
Jin-Shui Yang, Min Li, Jiang-Lin Zhang* , Yue-Hua Wan, Jian Zhu, Xiao-Hu Deng, Yu-Rong Zhao, Xiu-Ru Wang, Jie Zhang
Affiliations
  • Department of Rheumatology, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
出版时间: 2022-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0058
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目的 报道1例应用托法替布成功治疗的难治性大动脉炎(TAK)患者并复习文献,以提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾性分析1例应用托法替布治疗并使用超声造影连续评价的TAK患者的病例资料,通过检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed数据库,综合文献结果,总结TAK的治疗及随访经验。结果 本例为28岁女性,病史10年,临床表现为发热、颈痛和关节疼痛,超声发现颈动脉管壁增厚、管腔狭窄,实验室检测发现C反应蛋白和红细胞沉降率升高,接受激素治疗后病情可减轻。激素减量过程中反复复发,先后联合使用多种抗风湿药物及托珠单抗等,因疗效不佳或药物不良反应未能规律应用,动脉炎症逐渐加重,出现左侧锁骨下动脉瘤,疾病治疗困难。随后调整治疗方案为托法替布(初始10 mg/d,后逐渐减量至7.5 mg/d)联合糖皮质激素(甲泼尼龙14 mg/d,后逐渐减量至8 mg/d),患者临床症状缓解,未发现严重的不良反应。超声造影提示动脉壁厚度降低(左颈总动脉壁厚度由用药前的8.9 mm降至1.2 mm,左锁骨下动脉壁厚度由7.4 mm降至0.8 mm)、造影强度减弱(总评分由5分降至1分)、动脉瘤消失。检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed数据库(截至2021年3月),共报道10例应用托法替布治疗的TAK患者,其中男1例,女9例;7例病情减轻,激素剂量均有减少,仅1例出现不良反应。结论 Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂有望成为治疗TAK新的有效药物;血管超声造影能够实时检测血管壁厚度及增厚管壁造影增强情况,是评估血管炎症的有效工具。

大动脉炎  /  超声造影  /  托法替布

Objective To report a case of refractory Takayasu arteritis (TAK) treated with tofacitinib (TOF) and evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and perform a literature review to better understand this disorder. Methods The data of a case of TAK treated with TOF were analyzed retrospectively, the treatment and follow-up experience summarized by searching the database(CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed) and the literature results analyzed comprehensively. Results The patient, a 28-year-old female with a 10-year history of TAK, presented with fever, neck pain and joints pain. Ultrasonography revealed intimal thickening and stenosis of the carotid artery. Laboratory tests demonstrated an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a C-reactive protein (CRP) level. The symptoms were improved after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. However, it relapsed during the course of GC tapering, even with the combination of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tocilizumab. The DMARDs and tocilizumab were not used continuously due to poor response and adverse drug reactions. As disease progressing, left subclavian aneurysm appeared. The treatment of this patient is a big challenge. After adjusting the treatment with tofacitinib (10 mg/d, then adjust to 7.5 mg/d) and GC (methylprednisolone 14 mg/d, then reduce to 8 mg/d), the patient was successfully relieved without any serious adverse events. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed that the thickness of arterial wall decreased (the thickness of left common carotid artery decreased from 8.9 mm to 1.2 mm, and the thickness of left subclavian artery decreased from 7.4 mm to 0.8 mm), the contrast intensity decreased (the total score decreased from 5 to 1), and the aneurysm disappeared. By March 2021 (searching CNKI, Wanfang Data and PubMed), a total of 10 cases of TAK patients treated with TOF. Nine patients were women. Seven patients improved and GC reduced. Only one patient had adverse reactions. Conclusions Janus kinase inhibitor is expected to be a new drug for the treatment of TAK. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can detect the thickness of the vessel wall and the enhancement of the thickened wall in real time. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound will be an effective tool for evaluating vascular inflammation.

Takayasu arteritis  /  contrast-enhanced ultrasound  /  tofacitinib
杨金水, 李民, 张江林, 万月华, 朱剑, 邓小虎, 赵玉荣, 王秀茹, 张洁. 超声造影评估托法替布成功治疗难治性大动脉炎1例并文献复习. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (1) : 58 -64 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0058
Jin-Shui Yang, Min Li, Jiang-Lin Zhang, Yue-Hua Wan, Jian Zhu, Xiao-Hu Deng, Yu-Rong Zhao, Xiu-Ru Wang, Jie Zhang. Successful remission of refractory Takayasu arteritis with tofacitinib evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a case report and review of literature[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (1) : 58 -64 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0058
大动脉炎(Takayasu arteritis,TAK)是一种原因不明的血管炎,可导致动脉病变段狭窄、闭塞或扩张,从而引起多种症状。糖皮质激素是目前TAK治疗的一线药物,但长期应用糖皮质激素存在多种潜在不良反应,且在糖皮质激素逐渐减量过程中,TAK复发率高达60%[1]。联合应用抗风湿药物(DMARDs)或生物制剂[如托珠单抗(TCZ)、肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂(TNFI)]是临床上常用的治疗手段[2]。但有部分患者对传统的DMARDs、TCZ或TNFI治疗无反应。有研究发现,Janus激酶/信号转导与转录激活因子(the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-scriptions,JAK/STAT)信号通路在TAK的炎症中起重要作用,Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂为TAK的治疗提供了新的选择[3]。目前尚缺乏针对TAK疾病活动性的可靠评估标准,因此,影像学检查在TAK的诊断和随访中具有重要作用[2]。本研究报道了1例托法替布成功治疗难治性TAK及使用超声造影连续评价并随访3年的病例,并对相关文献进行复习总结,以探索TAK治疗及随访评估的新方法。
患者女,28岁,因“反复发热、颈痛6年余”就诊。2010年6月患者无明显诱因出现发热,体温最高37.7 ℃,多于午后及傍晚出现,无咳嗽咳痰、夜间盗汗等,就诊于当地医院,考虑“感冒”,对症治疗后发热无缓解。2010年7月无诱因出现颈部疼痛,在当地医院查血管超声见右侧颈动脉狭窄,C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)升高,考虑“多发性大动脉炎”,接受口服甲泼尼龙40 mg/d及环磷酰胺100 mg/d等治疗,发热、颈痛好转。出院后口服醋酸泼尼松50 mg/d并逐渐减量,减至30 mg/d时再次出现发热、颈部疼痛,复查CRP、ESR较前升高,口服加用氨甲蝶呤10 mg/周,症状缓解,后因恶心、脱发调整氨甲蝶呤至5 mg/周。2011年7月,甲泼尼龙减至8 mg/d时再次出现发热、颈部疼痛,复查CRP 53.6 mg/L、ESR 38 mm/h,超声提示双侧颈动脉内膜增厚,最厚处2.3 mm(右)、1.9 mm(左),调整治疗为口服甲泼尼龙40 mg/d、氨甲蝶呤片10 mg/周、环孢素50 mg 3次/d,症状缓解。出院后甲泼尼龙逐渐减量至20 mg/d,再次出现发热、颈痛,环孢素加量至100 mg 2次/d,因恶心、呕吐明显,氨甲蝶呤减量至5 mg/周。2012-2014年期间病情反复,激素剂量反复调整。2014年4月调整醋酸泼尼松30 mg/d、环孢素50 mg 2次/d,激素减量后出现病情反复伴四肢严重甲癣,ESR、CRP升高,停用环孢素,接受口服醋酸泼尼松20 mg/d、来氟米特20 mg/d、环磷酰胺50 mg/隔日、羟氯喹0.2 g/d治疗。2014-2016年期间因视力下降、眼底出血停用羟氯喹,因反复腹泻、水样便,停用来氟米特和氨甲蝶呤,因脱发、恶心呕吐停用环磷酰胺,甲泼尼龙调整为早16 mg、晚12 mg,病情稳定,无发热及颈痛,但出现四肢水肿、肥胖、双下肢皮肤伤口不易愈合及双眼白内障。2016年6月底,甲泼尼龙减量至4 mg/d,7月10日开始出现间断发热,伴有臀部疼痛,关节疼痛,体温最高达38.5 ℃,可自行退热,在当地医院查ESR 75 mm/h,CRP 48.2 mg/L,考虑“感染、双侧股骨头坏死”,接受头孢替安及膦甲酸钠抗感染等治疗后连续5 d未发热,臀部疼痛减轻。出院后3 d再次出现发热,体温最高37.8 ℃,间隔3~4 d发热,左侧颈部稍疼痛,双手环指远端指间关节疼痛,双踝关节疼痛,双下肢轻度浮肿,左侧胫前皮肤溃疡,直径约0.5 cm,溃疡周围皮肤红肿伴渗液,2016年8月就诊于解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿免疫科。既往史、个人史、家族史无特殊。
体温35.9 ℃,脉搏108次/min,呼吸19次/min,血压116/79 mmHg,双下肢皮肤薄,左胫前可见一直径约0.5 cm溃疡,周围轻度红肿,伴少许脓性渗液,双下肢可见多个陈旧性瘢痕,双下肢轻度水肿,双手环指远端指间关节、双踝关节压痛,无肿胀,双侧颈部可闻及吹风样血管杂音,心脏、肺部、腹部查体未见异常。
血红蛋白110 g/L,红细胞4.66×1012/L,白细胞17.19×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比90.5%,血小板375×109/L,CRP 93.6 mg/L,ESR 66 mm/h,尿常规、便常规、肝肾功能正常。血管超声造影显示左侧颈总动脉近中段及右侧颈总动脉管壁增厚,造影提示活动性病变可能性大。
患者入院后考虑诊断为“皮下软组织感染,大动脉炎”,接受利奈唑胺抗感染,甲泼尼龙8 mg/d,发热缓解,颈痛、关节痛改善,复查CRP 6.88 mg/L、ESR 16 mm/h。2016年8月-2017年2月期间反复颈部疼痛,足跟痛,皮下软组织感染,甲泼尼龙维持在8~16 mg/d,先后服用过他克莫司及吗替麦考酚酯。2017年3月出现左侧锁骨区疼痛,放射至左肩,伴乏力,左肩可上抬,但坚持不足30 s,双手遇冷后指尖麻木,回温后可缓解,左手恢复较右手慢,有一过性体温升高至37.8 ℃,可自行退热,口服甲泼尼龙6 mg(1次/12 h)、吗替麦考酚酯0.5 g(2次/d)。入院后超声造影检查结果显示:左侧颈总动脉近中段及左侧锁骨下动脉近中段增厚,造影提示血管炎症活动,左侧锁骨下动脉近中段管腔中-重度狭窄伴中段囊型动脉瘤(1.1 cm×0.9 cm)形成(图1A)。查CRP 9 mg/L、ESR 14 mm/h,给予输注托珠单抗480 mg,治疗后左肩疼痛缓解,左上肢可轻松上举,乏力好转,无发热。此后又输注2次托珠单抗,但输注后均出现左颈部疼痛加重,2 d左右可减轻。2017年9月底,复查超声造影提示左侧颈总动脉近中段管壁增厚,造影剂增强(图1B、C),左侧锁骨下动脉瘤较前增大(1.5 cm×0.9 cm),2017年10月起停用托珠单抗、吗替麦考酚酯,加用口服枸橼酸托法替布5 mg(2次/d),同时口服甲泼尼龙12 mg(1次/12 h),用药后未再出现颈部疼痛,复查CRP、ESR均正常,2018年1月复查超声提示动脉瘤缩小(图1D)。患者于2018年1月-2020年7月期间每2~3个月随访1次,未出现颈部疼痛,用药期间监测白细胞、中性粒细胞、肝肾功能正常,复查CRP、ESR逐渐恢复正常;血管超声造影提示血管管壁厚度改善,造影强度减弱(表1图E、F)。期间出现3次轻度皮下软组织感染,复查血管超声造影提示血管病变较前活动,调整激素用量及加用抗感染治疗后,感染好转,托法替布由初始剂量5 mg(2次/d),逐渐调整至5 mg/单日、10 mg/双日。随访截至2020年7月,患者病情稳定,维持甲泼尼龙8 mg/d,未有发热、颈痛等不适。
截至2021年3月,以中文“大动脉炎”“JAK抑制剂”“托法替布”为关键词在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台未检索出中文文献。以“Takayasu arteritis”“JAK inhibitor”“tofacitinib”为关键词在PubMed数据库中共检索出英文文献10篇,获取全文后筛选出5篇[4-8],共纳入10例患者(表2)。
10例患者中,男1例,女9例;年龄14~23岁;均为难治性TAK患者,2例合并溃疡性结肠炎,1例合并虹膜炎。10例中,8例初始接受托法替布剂量为10 mg/d(其中1例联合氨甲蝶呤,1例联合吗替麦考酚酯),另2例初始剂量为20 mg/d。7例患者疾病得到改善,激素剂量减至8~15 mg/d,症状缓解与未缓解的患者在年龄、性别、病程方面无明显差异。临床检查方面,5例采用血管超声评估血管炎病情,2例采用增强CT、1例采用PET/CT、2例同时采用磁共振血管成像及PET/CT评估血管炎情况。不良反应方面,仅1例报道出现菌血症及皮脂腺囊肿感染(表2)。
本研究报道了1例托法替布成功治疗的难治性TAK患者,且在3年的随访过程中应用超声造影进行连续评价。本例TAK病史10年余,在病程初期接受糖皮质激素治疗后病情改善,但在激素减量过程中症状出现反复,先后联合环磷酰胺、氨甲蝶呤、环孢素、来氟米特、硫酸羟氯喹、他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯等多种DMARDs药物,或因效果不佳,或因恶心、脱发、月经紊乱、严重甲癣、视力下降、腹泻等药物不良反应而停用,甚至在联合托珠单抗治疗时,也因反复出现输液后颈部疼痛加重而停用。患者在长达7年的前期治疗过程中,激素未能如愿减量,且出现包括股骨头坏死、白内障、伤口愈合缓慢、反复感染等多种激素相关不良反应,治疗极其困难。患者动脉受累范围增多、炎症加重,且由于动脉弹性膜和中膜肌层损害而出现左侧锁骨下动脉瘤样扩张。积极控制感染后,笔者尝试联合应用托法替布治疗,最终患者的动脉炎症得到控制,在无外科干预的情况下,3个月后血管超声造影复查发现左侧锁骨下动脉瘤缩小、消失。患者在托法替布治疗的前2年,出现过3次软组织感染,导致TAK病情反复,抗感染及适当调整激素用量后疾病好转,在第3年的随访过程中未再出现感染,糖皮质激素也顺利减量。在3年的随访过程中,笔者采用血管超声造影进行连续评估,发现血管超声造影能够敏感地评估血管炎症情况,即使在CRP、ESR正常的情况下,也能发现潜在的血管炎症。此外,在合并感染期间,CRP和ESR已失去其评估疾病活动性的能力,但血管超声造影仍能准确地评估患者的血管炎症状态,为判断疾病活动程度及调整治疗方案提供了强有力的依据。
TAK主要累及主动脉及其主要分支,属于大血管炎。CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞在TAK的发生发展过程中起关键作用。CD4+ T细胞和巨噬细胞在血管壁形成肉芽肿浸润,导致管壁血管化,中膜平滑肌细胞丧失,中膜弹性膜层和弹性蛋白纤维破坏,新生内膜增生致管腔狭窄[9]。外周血和炎症组织中的Th1和Th17细胞驱动了CD4+ T细胞的激活。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型细胞因子通过JAK/STAT通路传递信号,可增强Th1和Th17细胞应答[3]。TAK患者外周血CD4+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)功能下降,与大多数自身免疫性疾病一样,Treg细胞功能障碍被认为是TAK慢性免疫刺激的基础[10]。研究显示,JAK抑制剂可使TAK中Th1/Th17细胞分化降低,Tregs比例增加,有效调节自身炎症反应并恢复TAK中T细胞的稳态[3]。另有研究发现,托法替布(JAK1和JAK3抑制剂)可通过抑制T细胞和巨噬细胞的激活,有效抑制血管炎症[11]
近年发现的组织驻留记忆T细胞(TRM)是一种特殊的T细胞亚群,其特点是能够锚定在周围组织中,即使外周炎症标志物得到良好控制,这些细胞也可能导致慢性和持续性血管壁损伤[11]。在一项临床研究中,对接受糖皮质激素治疗3、6、9、12个月的患者进行再次活检,结果显示大多数患者的组织浸润性T细胞持续了1年以上[12]。而在接受JAK抑制剂治疗后,血管壁中TRM数量减少,外膜微血管生成受到抑制,内膜增生明显减轻[11]。因此,JAK抑制剂为TAK的治疗提供了新的选择,有望减少激素用量并维持病情稳定。
评估TAK活动性的标准仍在探索之中,包括美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)提出的标准[13]在内的多种活动性评分均存在不足之处。影像学检查是TAK诊断和随访的重要工具。血管超声能够显示病变血管的管壁增厚及管腔狭窄、闭塞和血管瘤形成。血管超声造影采用一种纯血池造影剂(1.5~2.0 ml SonoVue,Bracco,米兰,意大利),其六氟化硫微泡平均直径<2.5 μm,能够随着血液流动到达低速血流或低流量的微小血管,观察增厚管壁中新生的滋养血管,通过增厚管壁造影剂有无增强判断TAK的活动性[14-15]。患者在室温20~25 ℃的检查室内休息5~10 min后进行检查,取仰卧位,先行常规超声观察血管管壁增厚、狭窄或闭塞情况,然后对管壁增厚处行超声造影检查,将SonoVue冻干粉溶于5 ml生理盐水,用快速团注法将0.8~1.2 ml造影剂快速推入肘正中静脉,随后推注5 ml生理盐水,观察并存储图像,动态记录全过程。相较于CT、MRI及PET/CT,超声造影分辨率更高(可观察0.1 mm的变化)、价格更低,且可重复性高、检查时间短、更加灵活方便。本例患者多次复查血管超声造影,发现即使在CRP、ESR正常的情况下,患者的血管壁厚度仍未恢复正常,且存在造影剂增强,提示其血管炎症仍然存在,因此在激素减量过程中易出现病情反复。在接受托法替布治疗后,患者血管壁厚度逐渐恢复正常,造影强度也逐渐降低。在合并感染时,发热、CRP、ESR等指标已难以用于评估TAK的炎症情况,而血管超声造影仍可通过管壁厚度、造影强度等的变化判断血管炎症情况,为疾病活动性的判断及治疗方案的调整提供依据。在随访过程中,笔者发现,合并感染的患者病变血管壁厚度也随之增加,感染似乎会诱发TAK病情加重,感染控制后病情也容易好转。
JAK/STAT信号通路与人类免疫高度相关,JAK抑制剂为风湿病的治疗开创了一条新的途径[16]。JAK抑制剂在类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎等疾病的治疗中均显示出较好的疗效和安全性[17-19]。其相关不良反应包括:机会性感染(结核、带状疱疹等),非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险增高,贫血,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板减少,静脉血栓风险增加,肌酸激酶、肌酐升高等[20]。本例患者在托法替布治疗后随访了近3年,监测血红蛋白、白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、肌酐等指标未发现异常,且未出现结核、带状疱疹等感染及静脉血栓。虽然在用药期间发生了3次非严重性软组织感染,但在随后1年的随访中未再出现软组织感染,患者存在长期激素治疗史,在应用托法替布治疗前即存在反复软组织感染,考虑软组织感染与长期应用激素有关,故不能将其完全归因于托法替布的不良反应。文献报道的托法替布相关感染多为带状疱疹和呼吸道感染,而该患者并未出现。
通过文献复习,目前共10例难治性TAK患者采用JAK抑制剂治疗,其中3例治疗无效。相比于病情好转的患者,治疗无效的患者在年龄、性别、病程方面无明显差异[4-8]。通过对本例患者的治疗、随访及相关文献复习,笔者认为JAK抑制剂可作为治疗TAK的新药物,有助于减少糖皮质激素用量,且超声造影是评估血管炎症的有效工具,但仍需前瞻性、大样本的临床试验进一步探究JAK抑制剂治疗TAK的疗效及安全性,深入挖掘血管超声造影在随访过程中的优势。
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2022年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0058
  • 接收时间:2021-03-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2022-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-26
  • 录用日期:2021-09-28
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    解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿免疫科,北京 100853

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张江林,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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