Article(id=1208516100216714198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0039, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1621785600000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1630857600000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-06, onlineDate=1766062291433, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1643299200000, pubDateStr=2022-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766062291433, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766062291433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062291433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208516099369464789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='101', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1766062291230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766062975431, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208518969208738485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208518969208738486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208516099369464789, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208516100640338906, articleId=1208516100216714198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Promoting effects and its mechanism of shikonin on wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the promoting effect and its mechanism of shikonin on wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer. Methods Fifty of 60 male SD rats were selected to establish the rat model of chronic skin ulcer, of which 40 rats were done successfully and randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, and low- and high-dose shikonin groups (10 rats each). The other 10 rats served as the control group. The wound surfaces in low-and high-dose shikonin group were evenly smeared with 4 mg/cm2 and 8 mg/cm2 shikonin suspension, in positive control group with 1890 U/cm2 recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel to smear the wound, and in model group and positive control group were given the equal volume of normal saline for external application. The wound healing was observed on the 3rd,7th and 14th day of intervention. The abdominal aortic blood and wound granulation tissue of rats were taken after intervention, the histopathological changes of wound granulation were observed by HE staining, and the neovascularization was observed by immunohistochemical staining; the content of hydroxyproline (HyP) in granulation tissue was detected by hydrolysis method, the expression of Notch1 pathway related protein in granulation tissue was detected by Western blotting; and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Results The wound healing rate of skin ulcer in each group increased with time and in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The wound healing rate decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in positive control group, and decreased in low-dose shikonin group than in high-dose shikonin group on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day of intervention (P<0.05). HE staining showed that new granulation tissue with a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in model group. Compared with model group, old granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in low- and high-dose shikonin groups and positive control group, and the inflammatory cell infiltration decreased in turn. Compared with that in positive control group, the IOD value of wound granulation tissue decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups(104 725.45±2062.45 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42, P<0.05; 149 752.54±2441.86 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42, P<0.05), and the content of HyP decreased [(3.62±0.12) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg, P<0.05; (4.94±0.15) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg, P<0.05].The IOD value and HyP content of wound granulation tissue were higher in high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that the relative expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in wound granulation tissue increased, and of Notch1 protein decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in model group (P<0.05), while the relative expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 increased and of Notch1 protein decreased in wound granulation tissue of high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α decreased in positive control group and low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in model group (P<0.05), but increased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in positive control group (P<0.05), and decreased in the high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Shikonin may promote the wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer by regulating Notch1 signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Gang Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨紫草素对大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管形成的促进作用及其可能机制。方法 健康雄性SD大鼠60只,其中50只构建慢性皮肤溃疡大鼠模型,造模成功40只,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组,每组10只,余10只设为对照组。紫草素低、高剂量组分别用4、8 mg/cm2紫草素混悬液均匀涂抹创面,阳性对照组用1890 U/cm2重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶涂抹创面,模型组与对照组给予等体积生理盐水外敷。干预第3、7、14天观察大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合情况。干预结束后,取大鼠腹主动脉血和溃疡创面肉芽组织,HE染色观察溃疡创面肉芽组织病理学变化,免疫组化染色观察创面肉芽组织中新生血管形成情况;水解法检测创面肉芽组织中羟脯氨酸(HyP)含量,Western blotting检测创面肉芽组织中Notch1信号通路相关蛋白的表达;ELISA法检测血清炎性因子水平。结果 各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合率均随时间延长而增高,呈时间依赖性(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率增高(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,模型组可见新生肉芽组织,伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组及阳性对照组可见陈旧性肉芽组织,炎性细胞浸润依次减轻。与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织IOD值降低(104 725.45±2062.45 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42,P<0.05;149 752.54±2441.86 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42,P<0.05),HyP含量降低[(3.62±0.12) μg/mg vs.(6.48±0.14) μg/mg,P<0.05;(4.94±0.15) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg,P<0.05];与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织IOD值、HyP含量增高(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05)。ELISA检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平增高(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05)。结论 紫草素可能通过调节Notch1信号通路促进大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管的形成。

, correspAuthors=刘刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘刚,E-mail:
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谢军,主治医师,主要从事皮肤美容方面的研究

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谢军,主治医师,主要从事皮肤美容方面的研究

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谢军,主治医师,主要从事皮肤美容方面的研究

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A. 模型组;B. 紫草素低剂量组;C. 紫草素高剂量组;D. 阳性对照组

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A. 模型组;B. 紫草素低剂量组;C. 紫草素高剂量组;D. 阳性对照组

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VEGF. 血管内皮细胞生长因子;TGF-β1. 转化生长因子-β1

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Comparison of wound healing rate of skin ulcer in each group of rats at different time points (%, $\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

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组别干预第3天干预第7天干预第14天
模型组12.06±0.2131.16±3.12(4)45.18±3.52(4)(5)
阳性对照组30.45±2.17(1)57.69±3.97(1)(4)80.12±3.15(1)(4)(5)
紫草素低剂量组21.74±1.45(1)(2)43.69±3.91(1)(2)(4)64.12±3.14(1)(2)(4)(5)
紫草素高剂量组27.69±1.22(1)(2)(3)50.66±4.48(1)(2)(3)(4)71.86±3.88(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F317.627164.673188.839
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209074241513853770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516100216714198, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠不同时间点皮肤溃疡创面愈合率比较(%,$\bar{x}±s$,n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预第3天干预第7天干预第14天
模型组12.06±0.2131.16±3.12(4)45.18±3.52(4)(5)
阳性对照组30.45±2.17(1)57.69±3.97(1)(4)80.12±3.15(1)(4)(5)
紫草素低剂量组21.74±1.45(1)(2)43.69±3.91(1)(2)(4)64.12±3.14(1)(2)(4)(5)
紫草素高剂量组27.69±1.22(1)(2)(3)50.66±4.48(1)(2)(3)(4)71.86±3.88(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
F317.627164.673188.839
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209074241597739851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516100216714198, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Expression of Notch1 signaling pathway related proteins in wound tissue of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别VEGFNotch1TGF-β1
模型组0.25±0.030.95±0.090.27±0.02
紫草素低剂量组0.42±0.06(1)0.51±0.07(1)0.63±0.07(1)
紫草素高剂量组0.91±0.09(1)(2)0.21±0.03(1)(2)0.80±0.08(1)(2)
F279.603298.993187.778
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209074241677431629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516100216714198, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠溃疡创面肉芽组织中Notch1信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况($\bar{x}±s$,n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别VEGFNotch1TGF-β1
模型组0.25±0.030.95±0.090.27±0.02
紫草素低剂量组0.42±0.06(1)0.51±0.07(1)0.63±0.07(1)
紫草素高剂量组0.91±0.09(1)(2)0.21±0.03(1)(2)0.80±0.08(1)(2)
F279.603298.993187.778
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209074241752929103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516100216714198, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α in each group of rats (pg/ml, $\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-8TNF-α
对照组27.12±1.646.99±0.45
模型组40.15±2.17(1)20.42±2.13(1)
阳性对照组30.12±1.47(1)(2)10.15±0.97(1)(2)
紫草素低剂量组36.41±1.97(1)(2)(3)17.36±1.49(1)(2)(3)
紫草素高剂量组33.12±1.75(1)(2)(3)(4)14.69±1.48(1)(2)(3)(4)
F79.454144.828
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1209074241815843665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208516100216714198, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平比较(pg/ml,$\bar{x}±s$,n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-8TNF-α
对照组27.12±1.646.99±0.45
模型组40.15±2.17(1)20.42±2.13(1)
阳性对照组30.12±1.47(1)(2)10.15±0.97(1)(2)
紫草素低剂量组36.41±1.97(1)(2)(3)17.36±1.49(1)(2)(3)
紫草素高剂量组33.12±1.75(1)(2)(3)(4)14.69±1.48(1)(2)(3)(4)
F79.454144.828
P<0.001<0.001
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紫草素对大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管形成的促进作用及其机制
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谢军 , 毛玉洁 , 王思宇 , 刘伟 , 刘刚 *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(1): 39-45
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(1): 39-45
紫草素对大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管形成的促进作用及其机制
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谢军, 毛玉洁, 王思宇, 刘伟, 刘刚*
作者信息
  • 四川省医学科学院/四川省人民医院皮肤科,成都 610000
  • 谢军,主治医师,主要从事皮肤美容方面的研究

通讯作者:

刘刚,E-mail:
Promoting effects and its mechanism of shikonin on wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer
Jun Xie, Yu-Jie Mao, Si-Yu Wang, Wei Liu, Gang Liu*
Affiliations
  • Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital/Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
出版时间: 2022-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0039
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目的 探讨紫草素对大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管形成的促进作用及其可能机制。方法 健康雄性SD大鼠60只,其中50只构建慢性皮肤溃疡大鼠模型,造模成功40只,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组,每组10只,余10只设为对照组。紫草素低、高剂量组分别用4、8 mg/cm2紫草素混悬液均匀涂抹创面,阳性对照组用1890 U/cm2重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶涂抹创面,模型组与对照组给予等体积生理盐水外敷。干预第3、7、14天观察大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合情况。干预结束后,取大鼠腹主动脉血和溃疡创面肉芽组织,HE染色观察溃疡创面肉芽组织病理学变化,免疫组化染色观察创面肉芽组织中新生血管形成情况;水解法检测创面肉芽组织中羟脯氨酸(HyP)含量,Western blotting检测创面肉芽组织中Notch1信号通路相关蛋白的表达;ELISA法检测血清炎性因子水平。结果 各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合率均随时间延长而增高,呈时间依赖性(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率增高(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,模型组可见新生肉芽组织,伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组及阳性对照组可见陈旧性肉芽组织,炎性细胞浸润依次减轻。与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织IOD值降低(104 725.45±2062.45 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42,P<0.05;149 752.54±2441.86 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42,P<0.05),HyP含量降低[(3.62±0.12) μg/mg vs.(6.48±0.14) μg/mg,P<0.05;(4.94±0.15) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg,P<0.05];与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织IOD值、HyP含量增高(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05)。ELISA检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平增高(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05)。结论 紫草素可能通过调节Notch1信号通路促进大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管的形成。

紫草素  /  Notch1  /  慢性皮肤溃疡  /  创面愈合  /  新生血管

Objective To explore the promoting effect and its mechanism of shikonin on wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer. Methods Fifty of 60 male SD rats were selected to establish the rat model of chronic skin ulcer, of which 40 rats were done successfully and randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, and low- and high-dose shikonin groups (10 rats each). The other 10 rats served as the control group. The wound surfaces in low-and high-dose shikonin group were evenly smeared with 4 mg/cm2 and 8 mg/cm2 shikonin suspension, in positive control group with 1890 U/cm2 recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel to smear the wound, and in model group and positive control group were given the equal volume of normal saline for external application. The wound healing was observed on the 3rd,7th and 14th day of intervention. The abdominal aortic blood and wound granulation tissue of rats were taken after intervention, the histopathological changes of wound granulation were observed by HE staining, and the neovascularization was observed by immunohistochemical staining; the content of hydroxyproline (HyP) in granulation tissue was detected by hydrolysis method, the expression of Notch1 pathway related protein in granulation tissue was detected by Western blotting; and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Results The wound healing rate of skin ulcer in each group increased with time and in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The wound healing rate decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in positive control group, and decreased in low-dose shikonin group than in high-dose shikonin group on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day of intervention (P<0.05). HE staining showed that new granulation tissue with a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in model group. Compared with model group, old granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in low- and high-dose shikonin groups and positive control group, and the inflammatory cell infiltration decreased in turn. Compared with that in positive control group, the IOD value of wound granulation tissue decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups(104 725.45±2062.45 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42, P<0.05; 149 752.54±2441.86 vs. 197 585.23±2478.42, P<0.05), and the content of HyP decreased [(3.62±0.12) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg, P<0.05; (4.94±0.15) μg/mg vs. (6.48±0.14) μg/mg, P<0.05].The IOD value and HyP content of wound granulation tissue were higher in high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that the relative expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in wound granulation tissue increased, and of Notch1 protein decreased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in model group (P<0.05), while the relative expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 increased and of Notch1 protein decreased in wound granulation tissue of high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α decreased in positive control group and low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in model group (P<0.05), but increased in low- and high-dose shikonin groups than in positive control group (P<0.05), and decreased in the high-dose shikonin group than in low-dose shikonin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Shikonin may promote the wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer by regulating Notch1 signaling pathway.

shikonin  /  Notch1  /  chronic skin ulcer  /  wound healing  /  neovascularization
谢军, 毛玉洁, 王思宇, 刘伟, 刘刚. 紫草素对大鼠慢性皮肤溃疡创面愈合及新生血管形成的促进作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (1) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0039
Jun Xie, Yu-Jie Mao, Si-Yu Wang, Wei Liu, Gang Liu. Promoting effects and its mechanism of shikonin on wound healing and neovascularization of rats with chronic skin ulcer[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (1) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0039
慢性皮肤溃疡是一种常见的外科疾病,病因多样,具有病程迁延、容易复发等特点,且伴发皮肤炎症,有致癌风险[1]。目前,慢性皮肤溃疡的治疗多以药物外用为主,尽管国内外相关研究较多,但尚未研制出一种高效、价廉、方便、无不良反应的药物[2-3]。中医对慢性皮肤溃疡的治疗积累了丰富的临床经验,发现了多种治疗药物,其中以紫草的疗效最为突出。紫草是紫草科紫草属多年生草本植物,具有解毒祛斑、清热消肿、治烫伤等功效,适用于斑疹、疮疡、湿疹、烫伤者,是中医治疗皮肤病的常用药物[4]。紫草素是由天然植物宗阜根中所提取的紫红色茶醌类天然色素,以紫草醌及其衍生物为主要成分,对促进皮肤溃疡愈合有重要作用,但其具体机制尚未明确。An等[5]报道,Notch1信号通路可调控炎症反应,而慢性皮肤溃疡以炎症为主要特征,因此,本研究基于Notch1信号通路分析紫草素对慢性皮肤溃疡的治疗作用及其机制,以期为紫草素的临床应用提供依据。
紫草素(HPLC≥98%,成都普菲德生物技术有限公司);重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶(珠海亿胜生物制药有限公司,国药准字S20040001,规格21 000 U×5 g);CD34一抗(上海博湖生物科技有限公司);生物素标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗(上海一基生物有限公司);羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,HyP)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);白细胞介素-8(interleukin-1,IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α) ELISA试剂盒(上海双赢生物科技有限公司);兔抗大鼠血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF-β1)、Notch1、GAPDH一抗(美国Santa Cruz公司);辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG二抗(上海古朵生物科技有限公司)。1658033型电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠60只,7周龄,体重260~270 g,由北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司提供[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010]。实验开展前适应性饲养1周,室温保持在22~24 ℃,相对湿度保持在40%~70%,光照按白昼夜间各12 h,饲喂全价颗粒料,自由摄食饮水。本研究经四川省医学科学院动物实验研究所批准(2019121309),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理及使用规定。
慢性皮肤溃疡模型构建[6]:取50只大鼠,戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,剃去背部长毛,在脱毛区域标记4 cm×4 cm造模面积,无菌条件下剪去造模区皮肤,深至筋膜,肌内注射氢化可的松60 mg/kg,筋膜下喷洒金黄色葡萄球菌1 ml,医用纱布覆盖创面,包扎固定,1周后形成慢性皮肤溃疡模型。余10只作为对照组,仅在相应部位分离皮瓣,原位缝合。造模成功标准:用大头针刺创面5 mm,无渗血且溃疡表面有肉芽组织生长,表示造模成功。共造模成功40只,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组,每组10只。
大鼠造模1周后开始给药:用生理盐水擦拭溃疡创面分泌物,清洁后给药,并用纱条覆盖。紫草素以大豆油稀释成4 mg/ml混悬液,4 ℃保存。紫草素低、高剂量组分别用4、8 mg/cm2紫草素混悬液均匀涂抹创面,阳性对照组用1890 U/cm2重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶涂抹创面(具体给药剂量根据“人和动物体表面积折算的等效剂量比率表”换算),模型组与对照组给予等体积生理盐水外敷。每日换药1次,连续干预14 d。
干预第3、7、14天,用玻璃纸覆盖大鼠溃疡创面,划出溃疡面边缘,沿边剪下玻璃纸用电子天平(分度值0.1 mg)称重,按面积比值换算成溃疡面积(mm2),计算溃疡创面愈合率,重复测量3次。溃疡创面愈合率(%)=(用药前溃疡面积—用药后溃疡面积)/用药前溃疡面积×100%。
干预结束后,大鼠麻醉后断头处死,取腹主动脉血3 ml备用。用无菌手术器械分离溃疡创面肉芽组织,切取1 cm×1 cm组织包埋,其余部分液氮冷冻。切取的组织进行石蜡切片、HE染色,显微镜下观察溃疡创面肉芽组织毛细血管、炎性细胞、成纤维细胞等病理学变化。
取石蜡切片,0.01 mol/L PBS浸泡,加30% H2O2灭活内源性过氧化物酶,热修复抗原后,5% BSA封闭液封闭20 min,滴加CD34一抗(1:100) 4 ℃孵育过夜,滴加生物素标记的山羊抗兔IgG孵育30 min,PBS清洗,经DAB显色、苏木精复染、水洗返蓝、梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明后,用中性树脂封片。利用纤维图像采集系统拍照,用Image-Pro Plus6.0图像分析软件分析蛋白表达强度,以棕黄色为阳性判断标准,测定积分光密度值(integrated option density,IOD)。
取30 mg液氮冷冻的创面肉芽组织,加碱水水解液1 ml混匀,95 ℃水解20 min,流水冷却后各管加pH液,将pH值调为6.0~6.8,管内液体变为黄绿色,加蒸馏水稀释至10 ml混匀,取4 ml稀释液加适量活性炭混匀,3500 r/min离心10 min,离心半径10 cm,取1 ml上清液按照HyP试剂盒说明书步骤测定HyP含量。
取0.1 g液氮冷冻的创面肉芽组织,冰上裂解,4 ℃下14 000 r/min离心30 min,离心半径10 cm,取上清,BCA法测定蛋白浓度。取20 μg蛋白上样,经10% SDS-PAGE电泳后,转至PVDF膜上;5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,加入兔抗大鼠VEGF(1:1000)、Notch1(1:1000)、TGF-β1(1:1000)、GAPDH(1:1000)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜;TBST洗膜,加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG二抗(1:15 000)室温孵育1 h;TBST洗膜,ECL发光显色,用Gel-pro Application软件分析目的条带的灰度值。
取大鼠腹主动脉血,3000 r/min离心20 min,离心半径10 cm,取上清分装在EP管内,–70 ℃保存,按照IL-8、TNF-α ELISA试剂盒说明书操作,采用酶标仪检测450 nm波长处的吸光度(OD)值,依据标准曲线计算血清IL-8、TNF-α水平。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
各组大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合率均随时间延长而增高,呈时间依赖性(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率增高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组干预第3、7、14天的皮肤溃疡创面愈合率增高(P<0.05)(表1)。
HE染色结果显示,干预14 d后,模型组可见新生肉芽组织,伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组及阳性对照组可见陈旧性肉芽组织,炎性细胞浸润依次减轻(图1)。
免疫组化染色结果显示,模型组大鼠溃疡创面肉芽组织中CD34蛋白表达不明显。与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组及阳性对照组CD34蛋白表达依次增强(图2),各组IOD值差异有统计学意义(F=6459.003,P<0.001)。与模型组(72 455.25±1421.12)比较,紫草素低剂量组(104 725.45±2062.45)、紫草素高剂量组(149 752.54±2441.86)和阳性对照组(197 585.23±2478.42)IOD值增高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组IOD值降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组IOD值增高(P<0.05)。
水解法检测结果显示,与模型组[(2.15±0.11) μg/mg]比较,紫草素低剂量组[(3.62±0.12) μg/mg]、紫草素高剂量组[(4.94±0.15) μg/mg]和阳性对照组[(6.48±0.14) μg/mg]溃疡创面肉芽组织中HyP含量增高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中HyP含量降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组溃疡创面肉芽组织中HyP含量增高(P<0.05)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠溃疡创面肉芽组织中VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组大鼠溃疡创面肉芽组织中VEGF、TGF-β1蛋白相对表达量增高,Notch1蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05,图3表2)。
ELISA检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组、阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,阳性对照组及紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平增高(P<0.05);与紫草素低剂量组比较,紫草素高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05)(表3)。
中医将慢性皮肤溃疡归属于“顽疮”范畴,是指皮肤黏膜溃破、组织坏死或骨骼损伤,反复迁移不愈并伴发感染[7]。中医外科学对体表溃疡累积了丰富的理论和经验,主张非手术治疗,即清创、控制感染、改善血液供应、促进肉芽组织生长和创面收缩等。紫草具有活血、凉血、解毒等功效,可用于血热毒盛、疮疡等的治疗[8]。现代药理学研究发现,从紫草中萃取的紫草素具有抗炎、杀菌等作用,临床用于皮肤科疾病的外治效果确切[9]。本研究探讨了紫草素在慢性皮肤溃疡治疗中的作用及其可能机制,为中医药研发奠定了理论基础。
溃疡创面愈合率是反映慢性皮肤溃疡疗效的最直观证据。本研究结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组皮肤溃疡创面愈合率增高,且紫草素高剂量组高于紫草素低剂量组,提示紫草素可促进大鼠皮肤溃疡创面愈合,且呈剂量依赖性。HE染色观察溃疡创面肉芽组织病理学变化可见,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组肉芽组织生长良好,炎性细胞浸润减少,进一步提示紫草素对于慢性皮肤溃疡具有较好的治疗效果及抗炎作用。IL-8为促炎因子,被认为是溃疡发生过程中不可或缺的炎性介质,其水平随病变范围扩大、病变程度加深而增高[10]。TNF-α是机体炎症及免疫反应的重要介质,Gourishetti等[11]发现,TNF-α水平异常升高是影响大鼠糖尿病足溃疡伤口愈合的重要因素。本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平增高,提示慢性皮肤溃疡大鼠存在炎症;与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α水平降低,提示紫草素具有抗炎作用,可降低大鼠血清炎性因子水平。皮肤细胞外间质主要成分为胶原,而HyP是胶原的主要成分,可作为衡量胶原组织代谢水平的指标,在创伤愈合期间,胶原合成与分泌是促进伤口愈合的决定性因素,检测HyP含量可反映伤口愈合的程度[12]。本研究结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组创面肉芽组织中HyP含量增高,提示紫草素可促进HyP分泌,从而促进肉芽组织生长与溃疡创面愈合。除炎症、HyP外,溃疡创面肉芽组织中的新生血管情况也影响创面愈合。CD34为高度糖基化Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白,是一种黏蛋白样血管递质素,可作为创面新生血管生成的标志物[13]。免疫组化染色显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠CD34蛋白表达强度及IOD值增高,提示应用紫草素利于创面肉芽组织新生血管形成,可促进创面愈合。由此可见,紫草素可消除炎症,促进慢性皮肤溃疡创面肉芽组织新生血管形成,改善溃疡创面病理学变化,最终促使创面愈合。
VEGF为溃疡创面肉芽组织新生血管形成的主要效应分子,Zhu等[14]发现,VEGF蛋白表达与新生血管形成及创面愈合密切相关。刘涛等[15]报道,VEGF信号通路与DLL4/Notch1通路、血管再生关系密切。VEGF为DLL4的正向调节因素,DLL4为VEGF信号通路的负向调节因素,二者共同影响特定血管内皮细胞对VEGF信号产生的反应,协同促进血管网的分化、形成。Notch1为VEGF的下游信号[16],VEGF激活其受体VEGFR1、VEGFR2后,诱导Notch1及其配体DLL4表达,DLL4/Notch1表达上调可抑制新生血管过量芽生,促进功能血管网络的构建[17]。本研究结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组大鼠创面肉芽组织中VEGF蛋白表达增高,Notch1蛋白表达降低,提示VEGF、DLL4/Notch1通路经负反馈机制协调,二者存在协同作用,紫草素可能通过上调VEGF、下调DLL4/Notch1通路发挥药效。TGF-β1是多效能生长因子,可刺激细胞外基质分泌,调节细胞生长分化,促进血管形成,在创伤修复中起促进作用[18]。本研究结果显示,与模型组比较,紫草素低、高剂量组中TGF-β1蛋白相对表达量增高,提示紫草素可能通过上调TGF-β1蛋白的表达促进溃疡创面愈合。
综上所述,紫草素可能通过调节VEGF/Notch1/TGF-β1信号通路的表达促进慢性皮肤溃疡大鼠的创面愈合及新生血管形成。但本研究仅初步观察了给药14 d内VEGF、Notch1、TGF-β1蛋白的表达,并得出该通路在紫草素治疗期间变化的结论,但VEGF/Notch1/TGF-β1信号通路在大鼠创面治疗过程中的变化趋势尚不明确,且通路之间有无相关性及其具体机制仍有待进一步探讨。
  • 四川省医学科学院青年人才基金(2018QN02)
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2022年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.01.0039
  • 接收时间:2021-05-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2022-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-24
  • 录用日期:2021-09-06
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Young Talent Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences(2018QN02)
四川省医学科学院青年人才基金(2018QN02)
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    四川省医学科学院/四川省人民医院皮肤科,成都 610000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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