Article(id=1208144411750417017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208144409313526368, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.03.0219, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1623686400000, receivedDateStr=2021-06-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1626624000000, acceptedDateStr=2021-07-19, onlineDate=1765973673999, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1648396800000, pubDateStr=2022-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765973673999, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765973673999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765973673999, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208144409313526368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='213', pageEnd='319', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765973673415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765974822867, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208149230531756320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208144409313526368, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208149230531756321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208144409313526368, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=219, endPage=226, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208144412308259472, articleId=1208144411750417017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and significance of TRIM33 gene on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the effect and significance of TRIM33 gene on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901. Methods The expression of TRIM33 in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed through TCGA and TIMER databases. Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was either untreated [negative control (NC) group] or transfected with a control vector (vector group) or transfected with vector carries si-TRIM33 (si-TRIM33 group). The downregulation of TRIM33 was validated using Western blotting.Further, the CCK-8 assay and plate clone formation assay were performed to detect cell proliferation ability. The scratch healing assay and Transwell assay were employed to test cell proliferation and migration ability. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins was tested by Western blotting. The correlation between TRIM33 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed through the TIMER database. Results The expression level of TRIM33 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, related to age, gender, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Cell experiment showed that SGC-7901 cells with low expression of TRIM33 showed enhanced migration, decreased EMT-related protein E-Cadherin, and significantly increased vimentin and N-Cadherin (P<0.05). TIMER database analysis showed that TRIM33 mRNA level positively correlated with the expression of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, centrioles, macrophages and natural killer cells (P<0.05), and positively correlated with M2 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, centrioles and gene markers of natural killer cells CD163, CXCL9, ITGAM, KIR3DL2 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Downregulation of TRIM33 can promote the progression of gastric cancer, which is related to the poor prognosis of patients. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the migration characteristics of gastric cancer cells by regulating the infiltration of immune cells.

, correspAuthors=Xiang-Mei Cao, Fang Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Wang Fang, E-mail: ;
Cao Xiang-Mei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Ting Wu, Zhi-Guo Lu, Jin-Cheng Tian, Zhuo-Yang Zhang, Xiang-Mei Cao, Fang Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208144414048895726, articleId=1208144411750417017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=TRIM33基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义, columnId=1190310110472798614, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 观察三结构域家族33(TRIM33)基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义。方法 通过TCGA和TIMER数据库分析TRIM33在胃正常黏膜组织和胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、预后的关系。将人胃癌细胞SGC-7901分为阴性对照组(NC组)、对照组(空载体组)与转染组(si-TRIM33组),Western blotting检测TRIM33蛋白表达水平,确定TRIM33敲减细胞模型是否构建成功。将模型构建成功的细胞分为空载体组与si-TRIM33组,采用CCK-8与平板克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力;采用划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力;采用Western blotting检测上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白的表达;通过TIMER数据库分析TRIM33的表达与免疫细胞浸润的相关性。结果 TRIM33在胃癌组织中的表达水平明显高于胃正常黏膜组织,其表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),预示胃癌患者预后不良。细胞实验结果显示,低表达TRIM33的SGC-7901细胞表现为增殖、迁移能力均增强,EMT相关蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-Cadherin)表达下降,波形蛋白、N-钙黏蛋白(N-Cadherin)表达水平上调(P<0.05);TIMER数据库分析结果显示,胃癌组织中TRIM33 mRNA表达水平与CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、B细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞的浸润呈明显正相关(P<0.05),与M2型巨噬细胞、CD8+ T细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞基因标志物CD163、CXCL9、ITGAM、KIR3DL2的表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 下调TRIM33能够加速胃癌进展,且与预后不良相关,其机制可能与TRIM33通过调节免疫细胞浸润进而增强胃癌细胞的迁移特性有关。

, correspAuthors=曹相玫, 王芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王芳,E-mail:;
曹相玫,E-mail:
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吴晓婷,硕士研究生,主要从事消化道肿瘤方面的研究

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吴晓婷,硕士研究生,主要从事消化道肿瘤方面的研究

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吴晓婷,硕士研究生,主要从事消化道肿瘤方面的研究

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A. TRIM33在泛癌组织中的表达;B-F. TRIM33在胃癌中的表达及其与临床特征的关系;G. TRIM33表达水平与胃癌患者预后的关系;STAD. 胃腺癌;与正常胃黏膜组织比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=ysxdNu4dMYdlLCPXuTmdzQ==, figureFileBig=t+OcM23IV6frZbxpAnfndQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418348056582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression of TRIM33 protein analyzed by Western blotting, figureFileSmall=W8IiihFNOOBz8fp+LqKnJA==, figureFileBig=44mBVtxXw3TqhS3dPqrwzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418486468618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Western blotting分析TRIM33蛋白表达

ACTB. 肌动蛋白β;与NC组比较,(1)P<0.05;与空载体组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=W8IiihFNOOBz8fp+LqKnJA==, figureFileBig=44mBVtxXw3TqhS3dPqrwzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418612297745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of si-TRIM33 on the proliferation ability of SGC-7901 cells, figureFileSmall=iM4Lv8goSCYZk8C2WpKoWA==, figureFileBig=t81S45ImvLksI2wWWWH4xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418712961045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=CN, label=图3, caption=si-TRIM33对SGC-7901胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响

A. CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力;B. 细胞克隆形成数目柱状图;C. 平板克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖情况;与空载体组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=iM4Lv8goSCYZk8C2WpKoWA==, figureFileBig=t81S45ImvLksI2wWWWH4xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418822012955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of si-TRIM33 on the migration ability of SGC-7901 cells, figureFileSmall=67LlEgvD/sZ9AKu0Euq07Q==, figureFileBig=2sBtL0l99GnD42A5SAzQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418922676258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=CN, label=图4, caption=si-TRIM33对SGC-7901胃癌细胞迁移能力的影响

A. 划痕愈合实验(×100);B. 划痕愈合面积柱状图;C. Transwell实验(结晶紫 ×100);与空载体组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=67LlEgvD/sZ9AKu0Euq07Q==, figureFileBig=2sBtL0l99GnD42A5SAzQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144418998173735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of si-TRIM33 on the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin protein in SGC-7901 cells, figureFileSmall=a6dubXzwOwrPd4axol9R9w==, figureFileBig=u6bzxI2C3qV/HyDgWnJb7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144419111419948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=CN, label=图5, caption=si-TRIM33对胃癌细胞SGC-7901 EMT相关蛋白表达的影响

A. Western blotting检测E-cadherin、N-cadherin、波形蛋白表达水平;B. E-cadherin、N-cadherin、波形蛋白表达水平柱状图;ACTB.肌动蛋白β;与空载体组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=a6dubXzwOwrPd4axol9R9w==, figureFileBig=u6bzxI2C3qV/HyDgWnJb7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144419191111728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The relationship between TRIM33 expression and immune cell infiltration and the expression of surface markers of immune cells, figureFileSmall=eqPbAhbvGEFDRjE7+X1blA==, figureFileBig=UcxP75Y7zZkvYFk1NXUSdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208144419300163638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208144411750417017, language=CN, label=图6, caption=TRIM33与免疫细胞浸润、免疫细胞表面标志物表达的关系

A. TRIM33表达水平与免疫细胞浸润的相关性;B. TRIM33表达水平与M2型巨噬细胞、CD8+ T细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞基因标志物表达的相关性

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TRIM33基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义
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吴晓婷 1, 2 , 路志国 1 , 田金成 3 , 张卓阳 1 , 曹相玫 3, * , 王芳 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(3): 219-226
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(3): 219-226
TRIM33基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义
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吴晓婷1, 2, 路志国1, 田金成3, 张卓阳1, 曹相玫3, * , 王芳2, *
作者信息
  • 1宁夏医科大学临床医学院,银川 750004
  • 2宁夏医科大学总医院消化内科,银川 750004
  • 3宁夏医科大学病理学系,银川 750004
  • 吴晓婷,硕士研究生,主要从事消化道肿瘤方面的研究

通讯作者:

王芳,E-mail:;
曹相玫,E-mail:
Effect and significance of TRIM33 gene on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901
Xiao-Ting Wu1, 2, Zhi-Guo Lu1, Jin-Cheng Tian3, Zhuo-Yang Zhang1, Xiang-Mei Cao3, * , Fang Wang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Clinical Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • 2Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • 3Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
出版时间: 2022-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.03.0219
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目的 观察三结构域家族33(TRIM33)基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义。方法 通过TCGA和TIMER数据库分析TRIM33在胃正常黏膜组织和胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、预后的关系。将人胃癌细胞SGC-7901分为阴性对照组(NC组)、对照组(空载体组)与转染组(si-TRIM33组),Western blotting检测TRIM33蛋白表达水平,确定TRIM33敲减细胞模型是否构建成功。将模型构建成功的细胞分为空载体组与si-TRIM33组,采用CCK-8与平板克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力;采用划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力;采用Western blotting检测上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白的表达;通过TIMER数据库分析TRIM33的表达与免疫细胞浸润的相关性。结果 TRIM33在胃癌组织中的表达水平明显高于胃正常黏膜组织,其表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),预示胃癌患者预后不良。细胞实验结果显示,低表达TRIM33的SGC-7901细胞表现为增殖、迁移能力均增强,EMT相关蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-Cadherin)表达下降,波形蛋白、N-钙黏蛋白(N-Cadherin)表达水平上调(P<0.05);TIMER数据库分析结果显示,胃癌组织中TRIM33 mRNA表达水平与CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、B细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞的浸润呈明显正相关(P<0.05),与M2型巨噬细胞、CD8+ T细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞基因标志物CD163、CXCL9、ITGAM、KIR3DL2的表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 下调TRIM33能够加速胃癌进展,且与预后不良相关,其机制可能与TRIM33通过调节免疫细胞浸润进而增强胃癌细胞的迁移特性有关。

三结构域家族33  /  胃癌  /  迁移  /  上皮-间质转化  /  免疫浸润

Objective To observe the effect and significance of TRIM33 gene on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901. Methods The expression of TRIM33 in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed through TCGA and TIMER databases. Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was either untreated [negative control (NC) group] or transfected with a control vector (vector group) or transfected with vector carries si-TRIM33 (si-TRIM33 group). The downregulation of TRIM33 was validated using Western blotting.Further, the CCK-8 assay and plate clone formation assay were performed to detect cell proliferation ability. The scratch healing assay and Transwell assay were employed to test cell proliferation and migration ability. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins was tested by Western blotting. The correlation between TRIM33 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed through the TIMER database. Results The expression level of TRIM33 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, related to age, gender, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Cell experiment showed that SGC-7901 cells with low expression of TRIM33 showed enhanced migration, decreased EMT-related protein E-Cadherin, and significantly increased vimentin and N-Cadherin (P<0.05). TIMER database analysis showed that TRIM33 mRNA level positively correlated with the expression of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, centrioles, macrophages and natural killer cells (P<0.05), and positively correlated with M2 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, centrioles and gene markers of natural killer cells CD163, CXCL9, ITGAM, KIR3DL2 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Downregulation of TRIM33 can promote the progression of gastric cancer, which is related to the poor prognosis of patients. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the migration characteristics of gastric cancer cells by regulating the infiltration of immune cells.

tripartite motif-containing 33  /  gastric cancer  /  migration  /  epithelial-mesenchymal transformation  /  immune infiltration
吴晓婷, 路志国, 田金成, 张卓阳, 曹相玫, 王芳. TRIM33基因对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及意义. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (3) : 219 -226 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.03.0219
Xiao-Ting Wu, Zhi-Guo Lu, Jin-Cheng Tian, Zhuo-Yang Zhang, Xiang-Mei Cao, Fang Wang. Effect and significance of TRIM33 gene on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (3) : 219 -226 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.03.0219
全球癌症统计数据显示,2020年胃癌的发病例数约为108万,死亡约76万[1]。由于患者早期临床症状不明显、缺乏特异性的生物标记物等原因[2-3],胃癌的早期诊断仍是目前临床研究的热点[4-5]。三结构域家族33(tripartite motif-containing 33,TRIM33),也称为转录中介因子1γ(transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ,TIF1γ),属于TRIM家族(又称RBCC家族),是一类具有E3泛素连接酶活性的蛋白质,其成员参与了许多重要的生物过程,包括自噬、癌变、细胞内信号转导、蛋白质泛素化和降解等[6-10]。研究表明,TRIM蛋白表达失调可导致多种疾病的发生,如肿瘤、神经精神疾病、免疫性疾病等[11]。研究证实,结直肠癌早期TRIM33的过表达是预后不良的指标[12]。有研究通过数据库分析发现,TRIM33在肾癌中呈低表达,而在肾癌细胞中过表达TRIM33后可通过抑制Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路影响癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力[13]。体内外研究证实,TRIM33在丙戊酸抑制前列腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭的过程中发挥了重要作用[14]。但目前TRIM33在胃癌发生和发展中的作用尚不明确,本研究结合生物信息学方法,探讨了TRIM33对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖及迁移的影响及其意义。
人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901购自北京金紫晶生物医药技术有限公司;RPMI 1640购自美国Hyclone公司;胰酶购自上海Beyotime公司;si-TRIM33质粒购自美国Life Technologies公司;LipofectamineTM 2000购自上海Invitrogen公司;抗TRIM33抗体购自ProteinTech公司;E-钙黏蛋白(E-Cadherin,ab15148)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-Cadherin,ab18203)、波形蛋白(ab137321)购自美国Abcam公司;Transwell小室购自美国Corning公司。
通过TCGA在线分析工具分析TRIM33在泛癌的表达及其与胃癌患者临床特征的关系;TIMER数据库分析TRIM33表达水平与预后的关系。
取对数生长期SGC-7901细胞,以1.5×105个/孔密度接种于6孔板,分为阴性对照(NC)组、对照组(空载体组)和转染组(si-TRIM33组)。待细胞贴壁达70%时,对照组给予4 μl LipofectamineTM 2000+196 μl Opti-RPMI处理;转染组给予以下处理:用溶液B(6 μl LipofectamineTM 2000+94 μl Opti-RPMI)室温孵育5 min后,将其加入溶液A(40 μl si-TRIM33+60 μl Opti-RPMI)中,混合后孵育30 min,将混合物分别添加至相应的孔中,8 h后更换新的完全培养液;阴性对照组不予处理。转染48 h后,Western blotting检测TRIM33蛋白表达水平,确定TRIM33敲减细胞模型是否构建成功。
TRIM33敲减细胞模型构建成功后,将细胞分为空载体组和si-TRIM33组。6孔板中按照6×103个细胞/100 μl接种上述细胞,设3个复孔,在铺板24、48、72 h后分别向孔内加入10 μl的CCK-8溶液,孵育2 h后在450 nm处测量光密度(OD)值。
细胞以1×103个/孔接种于6孔板,分组同1.4,在完全培养液中培养2周,当在显微镜下看到约50个成团状的群落时取出培养板,1×PBS洗1次,冰甲醇固定15 min,1×PBS洗2次,结晶紫染色45 min,再用超纯水清洗后倒置晾干,拍照后进行后续分析。
以4×105个/2 ml接种细胞于6孔板中,分组同1.4,贴壁密度达80%~90%后,在培养板中用10 μl枪头“十”字划线,PBS洗涤3次,镜下标记对照组及转染组划痕宽度相等的区域,分别采集0、24、48、72、96 h的照片。采用Fiji软件测量划痕区域的面积并计算划痕愈合率以比较细胞的迁移能力。划痕愈合率(%)=(初始划痕距离-24 h划痕距离)/初始划痕距离×100%。
用RPMI 1640调整细胞密度至2.5×105/ml,分组同1.4,下室滴入700 μl完全培养液(含20%血清),Transwell上室中分别加入上述两组细胞悬液110 μl,静置15 min后,转移至培养箱培养24 h,冰甲醇固定15 min,结晶紫染色45 min,显微镜拍照并计数。
分组同1.4,转染48 h后收集细胞,PBS清洗3次,加入细胞裂解液(含蛋白酶抑制剂)提取总蛋白,采用BCA法测定蛋白含量。提取等量的蛋白质样品(30 mg),100 ℃变性5 min,采用12% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离并转移至PVDF膜上,5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭1.5 h,分别加入肌动蛋白β(ACTB,1:8000)、E-Cadherin(1:1000)、波形蛋白(1:1000)、N-Cadherin(1:1000)抗体4 ℃孵育过夜;次日,TBST洗涤后加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔二抗(1:3000),室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤。加入发光液,采用凝胶成像仪曝光拍照。以ACTB作为内参照,用Fiji软件测量灰度值,分析上述蛋白的相对表达量。
通过TIMER2.0数据库(http://timer.cistrome.org/)分析TRIM33与免疫细胞浸润的相关性。
采用SPSS 18.0软件进行分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;多组间比较采用两因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。各独立实验均重复3次。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
TCGA在线数据库分析结果显示,TRIM33不仅在胃腺癌(STAD)中呈高表达,而且在多种癌症如胆管癌(CHOL)、食管癌(ESCA)、肝细胞癌(LIHC)中表达均有升高(图1A)。TRIM33在STAD中的表达与多个临床病理特征如年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移相关(图1B-F)。TRIM33表达水平越低,患者预后越差(图1G)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与阴性对照组与空载体组(分别为1.44±0.12,1.39±0.08)比较,在转染48 h后,si-TRIM33组TRIM33蛋白的表达水平(0.54±0.02)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图2),敲减细胞模型构建成功。
CCK-8检测结果显示,si-TRIM33组细胞增殖能力较空载体组明显增强(48 h:0.72±0.02 vs. 0.56±0.01;72 h:0.91±0.01 vs. 0.66±0.02,P<0.01,图3A)。平板克隆形成实验结果显示,与空载体组比较,si-TRIM33组细胞形成新克隆数目更多(1868.6±109.1 vs. 979.3±94.5),克隆群紧密且染色较深,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图3B、C)。
划痕实验结果显示,随着时间的推移,si-TRIM33组、空载体组24~96 h的划痕愈合率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);与空载体组比较,si-TRIM33组划痕愈合明显增快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(图4A、B)。Transwell实验结果显示,24 h时si-TRIM33组细胞迁移数较空载体组明显增多,差异有统计学意义(350.3±33.08 vs. 161±23.06)(P<0.01,图4C)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与空载体组相比,si-TRIM33组E-Cadherin表达水平下降(1.47±0.09 vs.1.64±0.19),波形蛋白(1.42±0.09 vs. 0.68±0.19)、N-Cadherin(1.51±0.07 vs. 0.85±0.03)表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05,图5A、B)。
TIMER数据库分析结果显示,TRIM33 mRNA水平在胃癌微环境中分别与CD4+ T细胞(P<0.01,r=0.367)、CD8+ T细胞(P<0.01,r=0.188)、B细胞(P<0.01,r=0.146)、巨噬细胞(P<0.01,r=0.138)、自然杀伤细胞(P<0.01,r=0.302)、中性粒细胞(P<0.01,r=0.18)的浸润相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而与肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(P=0.86,r=–0.009)在胃癌组织免疫环境中的表达无相关性(P>0.05)。分析TRIM33与免疫细胞基因标志物表达的关系发现,TRIM33的表达水平与M2型巨噬细胞、CD8+ T细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞基因标志物CD163(P<0.01,r=0.154)、CXCL9(P<0.01,r=0.183)、ITGAM (P<0.05,r=0.103)、KIR3DL2(P<0.01,r=0.187)的表达呈正相关(图6)。
随着对肿瘤发生、发展和转移机制研究的深入,分子靶向治疗越来越受到重视,因其具有高效、不良反应小等特点,目前已成为继手术、化疗、放疗后治疗肿瘤的一种新型手段。因此,寻找胃癌的治疗靶点和有效的预后生物标志物已成为研究的热点。
TRIM33是一种具有多种生物功能的蛋白质,参与了DNA修复、有丝分裂、转录扩增和癌变等各种生物学过程的调控[15-18]。TRIM33在肿瘤中的功能很复杂,在不同肿瘤中作用截然不同,在非小细胞肺癌、肾透明细胞癌及胶质瘤中起着肿瘤抑制作用[13,16,18],而在胰腺癌、B淋巴细胞白血病及宫颈癌中则作为肿瘤促进因子抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡[19-20]。本课题组前期研究发现,下调TRIM33可促进胃癌BGC-823细胞的增殖和迁移[21]。以上研究结果证实,TRIM33可影响多种肿瘤的进展,然而其在胃癌中的具体作用和相关机制尚不明确。本研究首先通过TCGA在线数据库分析TRIM33在人胃癌组织中的表达水平及其与临床特征的相关性,发现TRIM33在胃癌组织中的表达明显高于正常组织,其表达水平与多种临床特征(年龄、肿瘤分期等)存在相关性,并与不良预后相关。
肿瘤细胞最重要的生物学特征是具有侵袭和转移的能力,这也是造成恶性肿瘤患者预后不佳和死亡的主要原因。为了进一步研究TRIM33如何调节胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移过程,本研究通过LipofectamineTM 2000介导的si-TRIM33基因转染构建低表达TRIM33的胃癌细胞模型,检测下调TRIM33基因对SGC-7901细胞增殖、克隆形成率的影响,结果发现转染48 h后细胞TRIM33蛋白表达水平明显下降,表明通过质粒转染成功敲低了胃癌细胞中TRIM33的表达;利用CCK-8实验和克隆形成实验检测TRIM33对细胞的增殖能力的影响,发现下调TRIM33可促进胃癌细胞的增殖,并利用划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测了其迁移能力,结果表明TRIM33表达下调可促进胃癌细胞的迁移,提示在胃癌中TRIM33的表达水平与其肿瘤细胞的迁移能力息息相关。
EMT是肿瘤细胞迁移及侵袭的第一步,也是最重要的一步,该过程的标志是E-Cadherin的减少及缺失[22]。有文献报道,γ-氨基丁酸B型受体(GABABR1)可抑制结肠癌细胞EMT相关蛋白的表达,进而抑制结肠癌细胞的迁移及侵袭[23];也有研究发现,过表达Circ-0021087可抑制移植瘤细胞的EMT过程,进而抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭[24]。为了研究下调TRIM33增强胃癌细胞迁移能力的内在机制,本研究检测了EMT过程中E-Cadherin、波形蛋白、N-Cadherin的表达,结果显示,E-Cadherin表达水平下降,而波形蛋白、N-Cadherin表达水平升高,提示下调TRIM33可能通过促进EMT相关蛋白的表达,进而增强胃癌细胞的迁移能力。转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)作为EMT发生不可或缺的诱导因子,可通过细胞内多种信号通路参与肿瘤的演变[25]。有研究发现,TGF-β在肿瘤初期发挥抑癌作用,随着肿瘤的生长,TGF-β可抑制机体免疫机制,促进EMT的发生,进而增强肿瘤的侵袭力[26-27]。本研究结合数据库分析及细胞实验结果发现,在胃癌中TRIM33呈高表达,而下调其表达水平后,胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移能力及EMT过程反而增强了,表明TRIM33在胃癌中是作为抑癌因子存在的,其在胃癌中的高表达可能是对胃癌发生发展过程中TGF-β信号通路增强的反馈性上调。
在肿瘤的发生发展过程中,免疫细胞浸润与EMT存在一定的关系。研究发现,非小细胞肺癌组织中C末端结合蛋白1(C-terminal-binding protein 1,CtBP1)表达升高与肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞浸润水平呈正相关,且可诱导非小细胞肺癌细胞的EMT,调节活化的NF-κB信号通路,进而影响非小细胞肺癌的预后[28]。Tekin等[29]发现,蛋白酶激活受体1(protease-activated receptor1,PAR1)的表达与原发性胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)中的巨噬细胞浸润相关,巨噬细胞通过PAR1的激活诱导胰腺癌细胞发生EMT。因此,笔者推测TRIM33可能通过参与免疫细胞浸润影响胃癌组织中的EMT进程,进而影响胃癌细胞的迁移、增殖能力以及患者的预后。为此,本研究通过TIMER数据库分析了TRIM33表达水平与免疫细胞浸润的相关性,发现在胃癌微环境中,TRIM33的表达与CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞的浸润水平呈正相关,而与肿瘤相关成纤维细胞在胃癌组织免疫环境中的表达无确切关系。为了进一步证实上述结果,本研究分析了TRIM33与免疫细胞基因标志物表达的关系,发现TRIM33的表达水平与M2型巨噬细胞、CD8+ T细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞基因标志物CD163、CXCL9、ITGAM、KIR3DL2的表达呈正相关。免疫细胞浸润与肿瘤的进展及预后密切相关,是恶性肿瘤发病机制的特征之一[30]。从以上结果可以看出,TRIM33对胃癌组织免疫细胞的浸润发挥了一定作用,进而影响了胃癌的EMT进程,同时免疫细胞浸润与患者的临床结局存在一定相关性,因此,TRIM33可作为胃癌的治疗靶点从而改善患者的预后[31-33]。此外,探讨TRIM33与免疫细胞表达水平的相关性及其促进肿瘤进展的具体机制可为后续研究提供新的方向。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,TRIM33在胃癌中呈高表达,其表达水平越低,患者预后越差;TRIM33的表达水平与胃癌组织中免疫细胞的浸润呈正相关,下调TRIM33可促进胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移及EMT。因此,TRIM33在胃癌中起着肿瘤抑制因子的作用,并有望成为胃癌治疗的潜在靶点和预后标志物。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81860442)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81560501)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.03.0219
  • 接收时间:2021-06-15
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2022-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-15
  • 录用日期:2021-07-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81860442)
国家自然科学基金(81860442)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81560501)
国家自然科学基金(81560501)
作者信息
    1宁夏医科大学临床医学院,银川 750004
    2宁夏医科大学总医院消化内科,银川 750004
    3宁夏医科大学病理学系,银川 750004

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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