Article(id=1208073006820201191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208073005197009056, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.05.0471, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1631808000000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1644854400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-15, onlineDate=1765956649737, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1653667200000, pubDateStr=2022-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765956649737, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765956649737, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765956649737, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208073005197009056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='427', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765956649350, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765956710955, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208073263641633510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208073005197009056, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208073263641633511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208073005197009056, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=471, endPage=478, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208073007738753769, articleId=1208073006820201191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Evaluation of predictive value of lactate and complex model for prolongation of mechanical ventilation after off-pump coronary bypass grafting, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the predictive value of lactate (Lac) and complex model for the occurrence of prolonging mechanical ventilation (PMV) after off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCABG) based on dose-response analysis and decision curve analysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 683 patients who underwent OPCABG from January to December 2019 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command. These patients were divided into PMV group (n=107) and non-PMV group (n=576) based on whether duration of prolonged mechanical ventilation was longer than 24 h. The arterial blood lactate at 0 h and 6 h after admission to the ICU of cardiovascular surgery,baseline data and other clinical indicators of the patients were recorded. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors affecting PMV time were analyzed by univariate analysis, and a prediction model was established by indicators selected by logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline model, decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive value of arterial blood lactate and complex model. Results There were no significant differences between PMV group and non-PMV group in gender, age, BMI, NYHA cardiac function classification, history of myocardial infarction, history of PCI, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, >50% stenosis with of 3 coronary artery branches and left aortic stenosis >50%, number of blood vessel bridge, arterial blood lactate at 0 h after admission to ICU,preoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin after operation, preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative direct bilirubin (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the use of IABP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary arterial pressure,preoperative red blood cell distribution width (RDW), arterial blood lactate at 6 h after admission to ICU, preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP), postoperative hs-CRP, preoperative troponin T (TNT) and preoperative amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative RDW, arterial blood lactate 6 h after admission to ICU, pulmonary arterial pressure, preoperative NT-proBNP were risk predictors of PMV, and use of IABP was protective predictor of PMV (P<0.05), OR of five factors were 1.242 (95%CI 1.001-1.539), 1.370 (95%CI 1.171-1.604), 1.043 (95%CI 1.002-1.087), 2.065 (95%CI 1.333-3.200), 0.146 (95%CI 0.071-0.301), respectively (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of arterial blood lactate 6 h after admission to ICU and complex model were 0.582 (95%CI 0.518-0.646), 0.727 (95%CI 0.674-0.781), respectively. Intensity of association between Lac 6 h and the development of PMV exhibited a non-linear dose response relationship (P<0.01). Decision curve analysis showed that compared with Lac 6 h, the complex model had a higher net benefit when the threshold probability was between 0.05 and 0.75. Conclusions Compared with Lac 6 h, complex model has a higher predictive value for the occurrence of PMV after OPCABG.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Guang Han, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 基于剂量反应和决策曲线,探讨乳酸(Lac)及复合模型对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术后机械辅助通气时间延长(PMV)的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院心外科2019年1-12月收治的683例OPCABG患者的临床资料。根据术后机械辅助通气时间是否>24 h,将其分为PMV组(n=107)与非PMV组(n=576)。收集两组患者的基线资料及其他临床指标,筛选有统计学差异的因素;采用多因素logistic回归分析OPCABG术后PMV的影响因素,并构建预测PMV发生风险的复合模型。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、限制性立方样条模型、决策曲线分析(DCA)等方法评估乳酸及复合模型对OPCABG术后PMV的预测价值。结果 两组性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、心功能NYHA分级、既往心肌梗死史、既往经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)史、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、3支冠脉狭窄>50%、左主干狭窄>50%、桥血管数、术后即刻乳酸、术前肌酐、术后血红蛋白、术前总胆红素(TBil)、术前直接胆红素(DBil)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)比例、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肺动脉收缩压(PAP)、术前红细胞宽度(RDW)、术后6 h乳酸、术前血红蛋白(Hb)、术前超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、术后hs-CRP、术前肌钙蛋白T(TnT)、术前N末端前体脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,术前RDW(OR=1.242,95%CI 1.001~1.539)、术后6 h乳酸(OR=1.370,95%CI 1.171~1.604)、PAP(OR=1.043,95%CI 1.002~1.087)及术前NT-proBNP(OR=2.065,95%CI 1.333~3.200)升高是OPCABG术后发生PMV的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而术前使用IABP为其保护因素(OR=0.146,95%CI 0.071~0.301,P<0.05)。乳酸和复合模型预测PMV发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.582(95%CI 0.518~0.646)、0.727(95%CI 0.674~0.781)。术后6 h乳酸与PMV发生的关联强度呈非线性剂量反应关系(P<0.01)。与术后6 h乳酸相比,决策曲线分析显示,复合模型在阈值概率为0.05~0.75时具有更高的净获益率。结论 与术后6 h乳酸相比,复合模型预测OPCABG术后PMV的发生具有更高的临床价值。

, correspAuthors=韩宏光, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
韩宏光,E-mail:
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周世成,硕士研究生,主要从事心血管外科的基础与临床研究

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周世成,硕士研究生,主要从事心血管外科的基础与临床研究

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周世成,硕士研究生,主要从事心血管外科的基础与临床研究

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PMV. 机械辅助通气时间延长;Lac. 血乳酸

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PMV. 机械辅助通气时间延长;Lac. 血乳酸

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Lac. 血乳酸

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Comparison of general data and related clinical parameters between PMV group and non-PMV group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标PMV组(n=107)非PMV组(n=576)χ2P
男性[例(%)]81(75.7)429(74.5)0.0710.790
年龄[岁,M(Q1, Q3)]64.8(60.0, 71.0)63.7(59.0, 68.0)1.8480.065
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.25(22.04, 26.42)24.65(22.76, 26.47)1.8030.071
NYHAⅠ-Ⅱ级[例(%)]6(5.6)20(3.5)0.6160.433
既往心肌梗死史[例(%)]103(96.3)551(95.7)0.0010.982
既往PCI史[例(%)]7(6.5)50(8.7)0.5400.463
吸烟史[例(%)]55(51.4)265(46.0)1.0550.304
高血压[例(%)]57(53.3)364(63.2)3.7580.053
糖尿病[例(%)]39(36.4)227(39.4)0.3330.546
高胆固醇血症[例(%)]5(4.7)45(7.8)1.3110.252
3支冠脉狭窄>50%[例(%)]106(99.1)546(94.8)2.8820.090
左主干狭窄>50%[例(%)]16(15.0)78(13.5)0.1510.697
术前使用IABP[例(%)]24(22.4)17(3.0)60.676<0.001
LVEF[%, M(Q1, Q3)]53.06(47.00, 59.00)55.70(53.00, 59.00)3.0990.002
PAP[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]37.17(34.00, 40.00)35.68(33.00, 38.00)2.6840.007
桥血管数[支,M(Q1, Q3)]3.10(3.00, 4.00)3.14(3.00, 4.00)0.5870.557
术前RDW[%, M(Q1, Q3)]13.72(13.00, 14.20)13.43(12.90, 13.80)2.6660.008
Lac 0 h[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.97(1.50, 3.70)2.56(1.60, 3.27)0.3250.725
Lac 6 h[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.70(1.30, 3.00)2.02(1.30, 2.40)2.6980.007
术前Scr[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]76.55(63.00, 85.00)76.18(63.00, 84.00)0.6680.504
术前Hb[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]128.00(114.00, 138.00)131.95(123.00, 142.00)2.0660.039
术后Hb[g/L, $\bar{x}±s$]112.55±1.40114.76±0.611.4480.148
术前hs-CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]11.60(1.60, 10.20)6.90(1.08, 7.63)2.3680.018
术后hs-CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]112.83(74.66, 133.34)103.36(68.91, 126.99)2.1630.031
术前TBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]9.07(5.40, 11.90)9.13(6.50, 10.80)0.5530.581
术前DBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]3.18(2.00, 3.60)3.09(2.20, 3.50)0.7500.453
术前TnT[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.024(0.009, 0.124)0.014(0.007, 0.048)2.7520.006
术前NT-proBNP[ng/L, $\bar{x}±s$]2.64±0.062.35±0.025.026<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1208073014365754328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208073006820201191, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组OPCABG患者一般资料及相关临床参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标PMV组(n=107)非PMV组(n=576)χ2P
男性[例(%)]81(75.7)429(74.5)0.0710.790
年龄[岁,M(Q1, Q3)]64.8(60.0, 71.0)63.7(59.0, 68.0)1.8480.065
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.25(22.04, 26.42)24.65(22.76, 26.47)1.8030.071
NYHAⅠ-Ⅱ级[例(%)]6(5.6)20(3.5)0.6160.433
既往心肌梗死史[例(%)]103(96.3)551(95.7)0.0010.982
既往PCI史[例(%)]7(6.5)50(8.7)0.5400.463
吸烟史[例(%)]55(51.4)265(46.0)1.0550.304
高血压[例(%)]57(53.3)364(63.2)3.7580.053
糖尿病[例(%)]39(36.4)227(39.4)0.3330.546
高胆固醇血症[例(%)]5(4.7)45(7.8)1.3110.252
3支冠脉狭窄>50%[例(%)]106(99.1)546(94.8)2.8820.090
左主干狭窄>50%[例(%)]16(15.0)78(13.5)0.1510.697
术前使用IABP[例(%)]24(22.4)17(3.0)60.676<0.001
LVEF[%, M(Q1, Q3)]53.06(47.00, 59.00)55.70(53.00, 59.00)3.0990.002
PAP[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]37.17(34.00, 40.00)35.68(33.00, 38.00)2.6840.007
桥血管数[支,M(Q1, Q3)]3.10(3.00, 4.00)3.14(3.00, 4.00)0.5870.557
术前RDW[%, M(Q1, Q3)]13.72(13.00, 14.20)13.43(12.90, 13.80)2.6660.008
Lac 0 h[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.97(1.50, 3.70)2.56(1.60, 3.27)0.3250.725
Lac 6 h[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.70(1.30, 3.00)2.02(1.30, 2.40)2.6980.007
术前Scr[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]76.55(63.00, 85.00)76.18(63.00, 84.00)0.6680.504
术前Hb[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]128.00(114.00, 138.00)131.95(123.00, 142.00)2.0660.039
术后Hb[g/L, $\bar{x}±s$]112.55±1.40114.76±0.611.4480.148
术前hs-CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]11.60(1.60, 10.20)6.90(1.08, 7.63)2.3680.018
术后hs-CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]112.83(74.66, 133.34)103.36(68.91, 126.99)2.1630.031
术前TBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]9.07(5.40, 11.90)9.13(6.50, 10.80)0.5530.581
术前DBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]3.18(2.00, 3.60)3.09(2.20, 3.50)0.7500.453
术前TnT[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.024(0.009, 0.124)0.014(0.007, 0.048)2.7520.006
术前NT-proBNP[ng/L, $\bar{x}±s$]2.64±0.062.35±0.025.026<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1208073014479000547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208073006820201191, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the postoperative occurred risk factors of PMV in OPCABG patients

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指标偏回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR95%CI
术前RDW0.2160.1103.8890.0491.2421.001~1.539
Lac 6 h0.3150.08015.403<0.0011.3701.171~1.604
PAP0.0420.0214.1520.0421.0431.002~1.087
术前NT-proBNP0.7250.22310.5280.0012.0651.333~3.200
术后hs-CRP0.0040.0022.9530.0861.0040.999~1.008
术前使用IABP–1.9230.36927.100<0.0010.1460.071~0.301
常量–7.3481.75417.559<0.0010.001 
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多因素logistic回归分析OPCABG患者术后发生PMV的危险因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标偏回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR95%CI
术前RDW0.2160.1103.8890.0491.2421.001~1.539
Lac 6 h0.3150.08015.403<0.0011.3701.171~1.604
PAP0.0420.0214.1520.0421.0431.002~1.087
术前NT-proBNP0.7250.22310.5280.0012.0651.333~3.200
术后hs-CRP0.0040.0022.9530.0861.0040.999~1.008
术前使用IABP–1.9230.36927.100<0.0010.1460.071~0.301
常量–7.3481.75417.559<0.0010.001 
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乳酸及复合模型对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后机械辅助通气时间延长的预测价值
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周世成 1 , 韩宏光 2, * , 韩劲松 2 , 徐礼胜 3 , 季芳 4 , 王仕祺 5
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(5): 471-478
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(5): 471-478
乳酸及复合模型对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后机械辅助通气时间延长的预测价值
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周世成1, 韩宏光2, * , 韩劲松2, 徐礼胜3, 季芳4, 王仕祺5
作者信息
  • 1中国医科大学北部战区总医院研究生培养基地,沈阳 110016
  • 2北部战区总医院心外科,沈阳 110016
  • 3东北大学生物医学与信息工程学院,沈阳 110169
  • 4北部战区总医院医疗管理科,沈阳 110016
  • 5北部战区总医院胸外科,沈阳 110016
  • 周世成,硕士研究生,主要从事心血管外科的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

韩宏光,E-mail:
Evaluation of predictive value of lactate and complex model for prolongation of mechanical ventilation after off-pump coronary bypass grafting
Shi-Cheng Zhou1, Hong-Guang Han2, * , Jin-Song Han2, Li-Sheng Xu3, Fang Ji4, Shi-Qi Wang5
Affiliations
  • 1Training Base for Graduate of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China Medical University, Shenyang 110016, China
  • 2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
  • 3School of Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
  • 4Medical Management Division, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
  • 5Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
出版时间: 2022-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.05.0471
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目的 基于剂量反应和决策曲线,探讨乳酸(Lac)及复合模型对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术后机械辅助通气时间延长(PMV)的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院心外科2019年1-12月收治的683例OPCABG患者的临床资料。根据术后机械辅助通气时间是否>24 h,将其分为PMV组(n=107)与非PMV组(n=576)。收集两组患者的基线资料及其他临床指标,筛选有统计学差异的因素;采用多因素logistic回归分析OPCABG术后PMV的影响因素,并构建预测PMV发生风险的复合模型。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、限制性立方样条模型、决策曲线分析(DCA)等方法评估乳酸及复合模型对OPCABG术后PMV的预测价值。结果 两组性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、心功能NYHA分级、既往心肌梗死史、既往经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)史、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、3支冠脉狭窄>50%、左主干狭窄>50%、桥血管数、术后即刻乳酸、术前肌酐、术后血红蛋白、术前总胆红素(TBil)、术前直接胆红素(DBil)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)比例、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肺动脉收缩压(PAP)、术前红细胞宽度(RDW)、术后6 h乳酸、术前血红蛋白(Hb)、术前超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、术后hs-CRP、术前肌钙蛋白T(TnT)、术前N末端前体脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,术前RDW(OR=1.242,95%CI 1.001~1.539)、术后6 h乳酸(OR=1.370,95%CI 1.171~1.604)、PAP(OR=1.043,95%CI 1.002~1.087)及术前NT-proBNP(OR=2.065,95%CI 1.333~3.200)升高是OPCABG术后发生PMV的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而术前使用IABP为其保护因素(OR=0.146,95%CI 0.071~0.301,P<0.05)。乳酸和复合模型预测PMV发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.582(95%CI 0.518~0.646)、0.727(95%CI 0.674~0.781)。术后6 h乳酸与PMV发生的关联强度呈非线性剂量反应关系(P<0.01)。与术后6 h乳酸相比,决策曲线分析显示,复合模型在阈值概率为0.05~0.75时具有更高的净获益率。结论 与术后6 h乳酸相比,复合模型预测OPCABG术后PMV的发生具有更高的临床价值。

乳酸  /  复合模型  /  非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术  /  机械通气

Objective To investigate the predictive value of lactate (Lac) and complex model for the occurrence of prolonging mechanical ventilation (PMV) after off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCABG) based on dose-response analysis and decision curve analysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 683 patients who underwent OPCABG from January to December 2019 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command. These patients were divided into PMV group (n=107) and non-PMV group (n=576) based on whether duration of prolonged mechanical ventilation was longer than 24 h. The arterial blood lactate at 0 h and 6 h after admission to the ICU of cardiovascular surgery,baseline data and other clinical indicators of the patients were recorded. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors affecting PMV time were analyzed by univariate analysis, and a prediction model was established by indicators selected by logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline model, decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive value of arterial blood lactate and complex model. Results There were no significant differences between PMV group and non-PMV group in gender, age, BMI, NYHA cardiac function classification, history of myocardial infarction, history of PCI, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, >50% stenosis with of 3 coronary artery branches and left aortic stenosis >50%, number of blood vessel bridge, arterial blood lactate at 0 h after admission to ICU,preoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin after operation, preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative direct bilirubin (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the use of IABP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary arterial pressure,preoperative red blood cell distribution width (RDW), arterial blood lactate at 6 h after admission to ICU, preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP), postoperative hs-CRP, preoperative troponin T (TNT) and preoperative amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative RDW, arterial blood lactate 6 h after admission to ICU, pulmonary arterial pressure, preoperative NT-proBNP were risk predictors of PMV, and use of IABP was protective predictor of PMV (P<0.05), OR of five factors were 1.242 (95%CI 1.001-1.539), 1.370 (95%CI 1.171-1.604), 1.043 (95%CI 1.002-1.087), 2.065 (95%CI 1.333-3.200), 0.146 (95%CI 0.071-0.301), respectively (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of arterial blood lactate 6 h after admission to ICU and complex model were 0.582 (95%CI 0.518-0.646), 0.727 (95%CI 0.674-0.781), respectively. Intensity of association between Lac 6 h and the development of PMV exhibited a non-linear dose response relationship (P<0.01). Decision curve analysis showed that compared with Lac 6 h, the complex model had a higher net benefit when the threshold probability was between 0.05 and 0.75. Conclusions Compared with Lac 6 h, complex model has a higher predictive value for the occurrence of PMV after OPCABG.

lactate  /  complex model  /  off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting  /  mechanical ventilation
周世成, 韩宏光, 韩劲松, 徐礼胜, 季芳, 王仕祺. 乳酸及复合模型对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后机械辅助通气时间延长的预测价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (5) : 471 -478 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.05.0471
Shi-Cheng Zhou, Hong-Guang Han, Jin-Song Han, Li-Sheng Xu, Fang Ji, Shi-Qi Wang. Evaluation of predictive value of lactate and complex model for prolongation of mechanical ventilation after off-pump coronary bypass grafting[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (5) : 471 -478 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.05.0471
随着我国人口结构老龄化的加速,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary artery disease,CAD)发病率逐渐增高,已成为居民死亡的首要病因[1]。冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)是CAD的治疗手段之一,主要手术方式包括体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump CABG,ONCABG)和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG,OPCABG),但前者技术难度高,手术风险大,医疗资源耗费高[2],与之相比,OPCABG可避免体外循环损伤及心肌缺血再灌注损伤,对急危重症患者具有更大的益处。机械辅助通气时间延长(prolonged mechanical ventilation,PMV)是心血管外科较为常见的术后并发症,国际上不同的学术组织对其定义不同[3]。美国胸外科医师协会(STS)将其定义为心血管外科患者术后到达重症监护病房直至脱离呼吸机的累计机械通气时间>24 h[4]。CABG术后PMV的发生率为4.7%~43.7%[5-8]。若CABG术后出现PMV,不仅增加了CABG手术的病死率、并发症发生率及医疗花费,而且可影响患者远期生存质量及身体功能的恢复[9-11]。目前对于CABG术后PMV尚无统一有效的预测指标。国内外应用广泛的冠状动脉旁路移植术风险评分系统包括美国胸外科医师协会心脏手术风险预测模型(STS Score)、欧洲心脏手术风险预测模型(EuroSCORE)、中国冠状动脉旁路移植术风险预测模型(SinoSCORE),但这3种风险预测模型对PMV发生风险的预测均缺乏针对性。因此,建立针对OPCABG术后PMV发生风险的预测模型,对提高我国CAD的诊断及治疗水平具有重要意义。乳酸(lactate,Lac)是机体组织缺氧所致损伤的敏感但非特异性实验室检查指标[12],作为预测患者病情严重程度及预后的参考指标,备受心脏重症科医师的关注[13-14]。本研究通过限制性立方样条函数分析Lac与PMV的关联强度,并采用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)等方式评估Lac及复合模型对OPCABG术后PMV的预测价值。
回顾性分析2019年1-12月北部战区总医院心外科收治的683例行OPCABG患者的临床资料,其中男510例,女173例;生存680例,死亡3例。根据STS的定义及患者术后情况,将上述OPCABG患者分为PMV组(n=107)与非PMV组(n=576)。患者术前均行冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)、超声心动图(ultrasound cardiography,UCG)及相关实验室检查。纳入标准:(1)首次行OPCABG;(2)年龄≥18岁,术前生活能够自理;(3)术前意识清楚,具有良好的理解及表达能力,能够与医护人员有效沟通;(4)手术顺利,安返心外科重症监护室(ICU)进行监护。排除标准:(1)术前合并严重肝肾功能障碍;(2)术前患有血液系统疾病;(3)伴感染、发热,体温>38 ℃;(4)既往行其他心血管外科手术。本研究经北部战区总医院医学伦理委员会批准[伦审Y(2020)048号]。
本研究麻醉方案分为诱导及维持两个阶段。(1)诱导阶段:患者术前30 min采用盐酸吗啡及东莨菪碱进行麻醉诱导,诱导后由麻醉医师进行气管插管以辅助呼吸,留置桡动脉测压管及Swan-Ganz导管监测血流动力学变化。(2)维持阶段:持续泵入丙泊酚、枸橼酸舒芬太尼,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵并持续吸入七氟醚。全麻后胸骨正中切口,切开心包,探查冠状动脉主干及分支病变情况,与冠脉造影结果比较后,决定适当的吻合靶点并确定吻合支数;游离左乳内动脉、大隐静脉或桡动脉,在非体外循环心脏不停跳情况下完成CABG。根据心功能及循环情况,调整血管活性药物的用量。若药物难以维持循环,考虑主动脉内球囊反搏术(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)进行辅助。于左和(或)右胸腔、纵隔留置引流管,清点纱布器械,确认无误后关胸。待患者指标平稳后安返心外科ICU进一步监护。
神志清醒,四肢活动自如;呼吸衰竭症状基本消失,呼吸肌张力恢复,循环稳定,尿量满意,痰量不多及胸部X线片肺野清晰时可考虑脱离呼吸机。具体指征:(1)最大吸气压>20 cmH2O(1 cmH2O≈0.098 kPa);肺活量>10 ml/kg;静息通气量<10 L;最大通气量大于静息通气量的2倍。(2)吸纯氧时动脉血氧分压(PaO2)>300 mmHg(1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa);肺泡-动脉血氧分压差<300 mmHg;PaO2≥60 mmHg;肺内动-静脉分流率<15%。
收集术前基线资料,术中、术后实验室指标,影像学检查及其他数据。包括年龄、性别、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、病变冠脉支数、左主干病变情况、纽约心脏病学会心功能分级(NYHA)情况、既往心肌梗死史、既往经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)史、吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压史、高胆固醇血症、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、肺动脉收缩压(pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PAP)、红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)、术后即刻乳酸(Lac 0 h)、术后6 h乳酸(Lac 6 h)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、IABP使用情况,术前及术后血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、术前及术后超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)、术前总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、术前直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBil)、术前肌钙蛋白T(troponin T,TnT)、术前N末端前体脑利钠肽(amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、术后呼吸机使用时间等。
通过logistic回归模型建立预测OPCABG术后PMV的复合模型,采用多因素logistic回归分析PMV发生的危险因素。以敏感度为纵坐标、1-特异度为横坐标、Lac为预测指标绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,同时通过Youden指数法确立Lac最佳截断值。应用限制性立方样条函数评估Lac 6 h与PMV发生风险的关系。以净获益率为纵坐标、高风险阈值为横坐标绘制决策曲线,分析Lac及复合风险预测模型对OPCABG术后PMV的预测价值。
采用SPSS 26.0及R 4.0.4软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用卡方检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
两组性别、年龄、BMI、NYHA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、既往心肌梗死史、既往PCI史、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、3支冠脉狭窄>50%、左主干狭窄>50%、桥血管数、Lac 0 h、术前Scr、术后Hb、术前TBil、术前DBil比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前使用IABP比例、LVEF、PAP、术前RDW、Lac 6 h、术前Hb、术前hs-CRP、术后hs-CRP、术前TnT、术前NT-proBNP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。
以是否发生PMV为因变量(是=1,否=0),以2.1中单因素分析有统计学意义的指标为自变量,采用向前法(forward)进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,术前RDW、Lac 6 h、PAP及NT-proBNP升高是术后PMV的独立危险因素,术前使用IABP为术后PMV的保护因素(P<0.05,表2)。
以Lac 6 h为预测指标,绘制ROC曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.582(95%CI 0.518~0.646,图1A)。当Lac 6 h为2.15 mmol/L时,Youden指数最高,为0.153,故将Lac 6 h为2.15 mmol/L确定为最佳截断值,其预测PMV的敏感度、特异度分别为48.6%、66.7%。构建PMV预测方程为Logit(P)=0.216(术前RDW)+0.315(Lac 6 h)+0.042(PAP)+0.725(术前NT-proBNP)-1.923(IABP)-7.348。该模型在建模样本中AUC为0.727(95%CI 0.674~0.781)(图1B)。
采用限制性立方样条函数分析Lac 6 h与PMV发生的剂量反应关系,横坐标为Lac 6 h连续变化,纵坐标为OR值,阴影部分表示95%CI,以Lac 6 h最佳截断值为参考值(图2)。Lac 6 h连续变化与PMV的关联强度呈非线性剂量反应关系(P<0.01)。Lac 6 h与术后PMV呈正相关,当Lac 6 h>2.15 mmol/L时,随着Lac 6 h升高,PMV的发生风险也明显上升。
以OPCABG术后患者净获益率为纵坐标,高风险阈值为横坐标绘制决策曲线,将高风险阈值设为(0,1)。由图3可见,高风险阈值为0.05~0.75时,复合模型曲线高于Lac 6 h曲线。Lac 6 h曲线在高风险阈值为0.05~0.30时,净获益率大于0;当高风险阈值>0.30时,净获益率小于0。复合模型曲线在高风险阈值为0.05~0.75时,随着阈值概率的增高,与Lac 6 h相比,复合模型具有较高的净获益率;高风险阈值在0.05~0.75,高风险阈值取值越小,复合模型净获益率越高。
冠状动脉旁路移植术是治疗CAD常用的血运重建手段[1,3,15]。随着我国CAD患病率的不断升高,接受冠脉旁路移植术的患者日益增多。OPCABG部分避免了体外循环的并发症,有利于早期心功能的恢复。PMV作为CABG术后的常见并发症,可增加ICU停留时间、住院时间及肺部感染风险[16]。传统心血管疾病的评分体系如Sinoscore评分、Euroscore评分、Cleveland评分及SYNTAX评分,无法充分利用多层次、多维度的数据准确反映心血管疾病患者的不良预后,难以准确评估心肌梗死患者的身体状况。目前,如何快速、准确地对CABG术后患者进行评估,预测PMV的发生,以进行早期干预,改善患者的临床结局,是心脏重症领域研究的重点及难点。
ROC曲线常用于评判预测模型的优劣,其工作原理是通过AUC评价模型的准确性。AUC敏感度、特异度仅体现模型诊断的准确性,并未考虑特定模型的临床效应。DCA的优势在于它可以将患者或决策者的偏好整合到分析中,并可了解在临床实践中预测模型的可用性及其效益。决策曲线作为一种新兴的、简洁的以损失函数为理论基础的决策分析模型[17-18],与ROC曲线相比,更倾向于分析临床决策对于患者的获益情况。但由于临床如何选择阈值概率难以形成共识,决策曲线方法自提出后尚未得到广泛应用。本文通过ROC曲线评价Lac 6 h及复合模型预测CABG术后发生PMV的准确性、敏感度及特异度,应用决策曲线直观地评价两者的临床获益,以及取得临床获益的适用范围。在本研究中,当阈值概率取值>0.05时,与Lac 6 h相比,采用复合模型预测CABG术后PMV的发生风险时,患者具有更高的净获益率。通过限制性立方样条模型将Lac 6 h与PMV相结合,直观地呈现了非线性剂量-反应关系的连续性。
一般来说,当组织的能量需求无法通过有氧呼吸得到满足,组织在无法获得足够的氧或无法足够快地处理氧的情况下,乳酸的浓度会上升。乳酸常被用来指导心脏术后液体管理及正性肌力药物的使用[19]。由于CABG术后患者机体内存在应激反应,继而导致糖代谢出现异常,术后无氧糖酵解较有氧糖酵解活跃,故乳酸生成增多[20]。此外,术后短期内循环系统、肝肾功能尚未完全恢复,机体代谢血乳酸的能力减低,都可导致高乳酸血症。Pölönen等[21]的研究表明,心血管外科术后患者进入ICU后0 h、6 h、12 h的血乳酸值与不良预后密切相关。多项研究认为乳酸水平升高是心血管外科手术相关死亡的独立危险因素[19,22-23]。尽管这种观点存在争议,但血乳酸作为疾病预后的预测指标,越来越受到心脏重症科医师的关注。本研究发现,Lac 6 h升高是CABG术后PMV的独立危险因素,其ROC曲线下面积为0.582,以2.15 mmol/L为最佳截断值时,其预测PMV的敏感度、特异度分别为48.6%、66.7%。从本研究的AUC、敏感度及特异度可知,乳酸的预测效能较低,这是由于术后静态的乳酸值并非预测死亡及主要不良事件的有效手段[14,24]。心脏术后患者回到监护室后血乳酸有不同程度的升高,然而大多数患者表现出良好的耐受力,在短时间内乳酸会下降至正常水平。有研究证实,当进入监护室初始血乳酸≥7 mmol/L时,心脏术后患者的病死率显著增高[13]。除CABG本身,尚存在其他影响术后乳酸水平的因素,例如,肾上腺素的使用与否以及剂量大小被认为是乳酸升高的潜在影响因素[25]。相较于ONCABG,OPCABG对心肌的损伤较小,乳酸升高的幅度较小,由于本研究未纳入上述因素,一定程度上会影响到复合模型及Lac预测PMV的效能,故进一步采取连续性、动态的检测指标如乳酸变异度可能更有助于预测CABG术后PMV的发生。
IABP是常用的心脏辅助装置之一,对心肌的保护作用尤为重要。对于围术期LVEF降低的CAD患者,OPCABG术后发生低心排综合征的风险较高[26]。IABP可使冠脉的血流量增加,同时降低心肌后负荷,增加心排血量。有研究发现,CABG术后IABP组患者的心肌标志物水平均显著低于非IABP组,表明术前应用IABP具有显著的心肌保护作用[27],尤其是对于左心功能严重降低的重症患者。良好的心脏功能可有效改善微循环及组织灌注,降低心肌耗氧,减少肺淤血,有助于术后呼吸功能的恢复,降低CABG术后PMV的发生率。RDW与CAD、结肠癌、颅脑创伤、胰腺炎等疾病的预后具有相关性[28-29]。有学者进行回顾性研究发现,RDW较高患者的心血管病死率及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率也相对较高。CABG术后的氧化应激、术前的血脂异常、高血压均可导致患者术后发生炎症反应[30]。炎症反应可导致肺泡损伤,肺毛细血管通透性增加,肺泡渗出增多,氧弥散发生障碍,通气血流比例失调,加重缺氧,延长患者术后机械通气的时间[31]。NT-proBNP是一种多肽类物质,由心肌细胞合成,其水平升高与心肌细胞损伤、心力衰竭的程度相关。Zhang等[32]的研究显示,脑钠肽(BNP)水平与三支病变CABG患者的预后相关性较强。Ganem等[33]的研究显示术前BNP水平与术后ICU停留时长、机械通气时间、多巴胺的使用时长相关。该研究还提示相较于炎性指标,术前BNP水平与临床结局的关系更密切,并且BNP可作为心脏术后早期结局的预测因子。心脏外科患者在术前、术中及术后都可能合并肺动脉高压,肺动脉高压是心脏手术的高危因素之一。肺动脉压力升高可增加右心后负荷,引起右心室肥厚、扩张,进而导致右心功能不全,最终出现右心衰竭[34]。CABG术后患者因术区疼痛、呼吸机刺激、心功能减低等原因可出现交感神经兴奋,也可引起肺血管阻力增加。合并肺动脉高压的患者CABG术后由于肺部充血、有效肺血管床减少、肺血管内膜病变及肺顺应性降低,使肺部血液淤滞、病菌繁殖并发感染,加之机械通气时间延长而导致病情恶化。对于CABG术前合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患者,CABG术后的炎症反应可加重肺动脉高压[35-36],从而导致PMV的发生。因此,术前积极改善肺动脉高压、严格谨慎地把握IABP的使用指征、连续监测化验指标有助于减少PMV的发生,改善OPCABG患者的预后。本研究发现,术前RDW、Lac 6 h、PAP、NT-proBNP升高是PMV发生的独立危险因素,而术前使用IABP为其保护因素(均P<0.05),且联合应用各指标建立的复合模型可以较好地预测OPCABG术后PMV的发生。
本研究尚存在一定的局限性:病例来源局限于北部战区总医院心血管外科,样本量有限。考虑到内部验证的局限性,同时为了增加模型的稳健性及发挥变量的最大效能,将683例患者资料均用于模型的建立,而未对建立的模型进行外部扩展性验证。此外本研究为非随机对照试验,后续尚需进行多中心随机对照试验,对当前建立的模型进行前瞻性试验,了解该模型的稳定性,从而得出更准确的结果。
综上所述,本研究显示术前RDW、Lac 6 h、PAP及NT-proBNP升高是PMV发生的独立危险因素,而术前使用IABP为其保护因素。与血乳腺水平相比,联合多项指标建立的复合模型对OPCABG术后PMV具有更高的预测价值。决策曲线有助于医生在临床决策中实现患者净获益最大化,对于有可能发生PMV的患者,应于CABG术后积极采取相应的措施,争取早期拔除气管插管,有助于改善预后、减少经济负担,实现患者利益最大化。
  • 2020年度沈阳市科学技术计划项目(20-205-4-016)
  • 军队医学科技青年培育计划立项拔尖项目(20QNPY090)
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2022年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.05.0471
  • 接收时间:2021-09-17
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2022-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-17
  • 录用日期:2022-02-15
基金
Plan of 2020 Shenyang Science and Technology(20-205-4-016)
2020年度沈阳市科学技术计划项目(20-205-4-016)
Youth Training Project of Military Medical Science and Technology(20QNPY090)
军队医学科技青年培育计划立项拔尖项目(20QNPY090)
作者信息
    1中国医科大学北部战区总医院研究生培养基地,沈阳 110016
    2北部战区总医院心外科,沈阳 110016
    3东北大学生物医学与信息工程学院,沈阳 110169
    4北部战区总医院医疗管理科,沈阳 110016
    5北部战区总医院胸外科,沈阳 110016

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韩宏光,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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