Article(id=1208055578325262570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0579, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1624896000000, receivedDateStr=2021-06-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1635436800000, acceptedDateStr=2021-10-29, onlineDate=1765952494460, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1656345600000, pubDateStr=2022-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952494460, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952494460, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952494460, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208055572495179979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='533', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765952493070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952764848, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208056712481841868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208056712481841869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=579, endPage=585, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208055578589503727, articleId=1208055578325262570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Using reinforcement learning to establish a prediction model of precise fluid therapy for patients with sepsis, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To explore a possible solution in clinical practice of fluid therapy for patients with sepsis by reinforcement learning method. Methods A total of 11 913 patients with sepsis were screened by using the Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care (MIMIC) Ⅲ Database, and randomly divided into a training set and a test set according to the ratio of 8:2. Twenty-six features were used in modeling, including 24 state features of patients (bloc, vital signs, laboratory tests, blood gas analysis index and basic information), 1 action feature (liquid inflow and outflow difference) and 1 outcome feature (outcome in ICU). Data rules of SARSA model learning training set were used to get the relationship between return rewards and mortality, so as to evaluate whether the return rewards were reasonably set. Deep Q-learning (DQN), a deep learning model based on Q-learning,models the relationship between the state and behavior of the test set, predicts the patients' fluid balance, and compares the results of reinforcement learning and the actual outcomes of patients, which further proved the different effects of predicted liquid therapy and actual therapy on prognosis. Results According to the behavior category distribution, the differences of liquid inflow and outflow were divided into 5 intervals (–3000 to –239.40 ml, –239.39 to –1.94 ml, –1.93 to 160.00 ml, 160.01 to 363.58 ml, and 363.59 to 3000 ml). The SARSA model calculated the training data set, results showed that the higher the Q (s, a) return, the lower the mortality rate. The DQN model suggested that both too high and too low of the difference between the liquid input and output volume may increase the case mortality, and the mortality of patients is higher in low difference of inflow and outflow than in high difference of inflow and outflow volume. Using Doubly robust estimator to evaluate the DQN model average expected return of the test set showed the stability of the model (Q-learning iteration number >20 000). The use of validation set hinted that the mortality was obvious lower in the subgroups predicted dehydration consistent with the reality than in the other three subgroups, indicating that the model can be used in actual clinical verification. Conclusion A predictive model for possibly guiding the fluid therapy on patients with sepsis is proposed using the reinforcement learning method, which can accurately predict the direction of liquid therapy,patients got a better prognosis by using the model predicted dehydration treatment and dehydration was actually carried out.
, correspAuthors=Li-Xin Xie, Long-Xiang Su, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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目的 采用强化学习方法构建临床上可能用于指导脓毒症患者液体治疗的预测模型,并对该模型进行评价。方法 采用重症监护医学信息(MIMIC)Ⅲ数据库筛选11 913例脓毒症患者,按照8:2比例随机分为训练集与测试集。纳入26个建模特征,包括患者的24个状态特征(时间段区间、生命体征、实验室检查、血气分析指标及基本信息)、1个动作特征(液体出入量差值),以及1个结局特征(在重症监护病房内的结局)。使用SARSA模型学习训练集的数据规律,得到回报值与病死率的关系,以评价回报值设定是否合理。基于Q-learning深度学习模型(DQN)学习测试集状态与行为的关系,预测患者液体平衡情况,并比较强化学习的结果与患者实际结局,验证模型预测的液体治疗及实际治疗一致及不一致时对预后的影响。结果 根据动作特征类别分布,将液体出入量差值大小划分为5个区间(–3000~–239.40 ml、–239.39~–1.94 ml、–1.93~160.00 ml、160.01~363.59 ml、363.58~3000 ml)。采用SARSA模型计算训练集,结果显示回报越高,病死率越低。DQN模型显示,液体出入量差值过高或过低均造成病死率增高,且出入量差值低(即液体大量正平衡)比出入量差值高(即液体大量负平衡)的患者病死率更高。使用Doubly robust estimator评估测试集得到的DQN模型平均预期回报值显示模型的稳定性良好(Q-learning迭代次数>20 000)。临床验证结果显示,模型预测脱水与实际脱水相符的亚组患者病死率明显低于其他亚组(P<0.05)。结论 使用强化学习方法构建了一种可能指导脓毒症患者液体治疗的预测模型,该模型能较准确地预测液体治疗的方向,且预测脱水治疗而实际也进行了脱水治疗的患者预后更好。
, correspAuthors=解立新, 苏龙翔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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潘盼,博士研究生,主要从事呼吸与危重症方面的临床及基础研究
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21(1): 104., articleTitle=Association between fluid intake and mortality in critically ill patients with negative fluid balance:a retrospective cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208063101606405030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=BYESS2022035, language=EN, fundingSource=Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Bast of Beijing Association for Science and Technology(BYESS2022035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208063101686096808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=BYESS2022035, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市科学技术协会青年人才托举工程(BYESS2022035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208063101753205674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=2021ZD001, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Subject in the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital(2021ZD001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208063101820314540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=2021ZD001, language=CN, fundingSource=解放军总医院第八医学中心院内重点课题(2021ZD001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208063101891617709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=2021T140794, language=EN, fundingSource=China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140794), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208063101962920878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, awardId=2021T140794, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2021T140794), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208063096657126213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208063096665514822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, companyId=1208063096657126213, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3中国医学科学院北京协和医院疑难重症及罕见病国家重点实验室,北京 100730)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208063100092261256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Data screening for establishment of precise fluid treatment plans by reinforcement learning for patients with sepsis, figureFileSmall=dLzeblKDmDl3/Dl+K7ARYw==, figureFileBig=/3Tj8UFpuERaN3NYJwwwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100188730249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
使用强化学习方法建立脓毒症患者精准化液体治疗方案的数据筛选过程, figureFileSmall=dLzeblKDmDl3/Dl+K7ARYw==, figureFileBig=/3Tj8UFpuERaN3NYJwwwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100281004938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Relationship between fluid balance and mortality of patients with sepsis in each time period, figureFileSmall=mcqcw9xAsadkHY9fWUYEGA==, figureFileBig=6b/dhVIHG5XLyvTLr5+kHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100360696716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
脓毒症患者各时间段液体平衡量(出量–入量)与病死率的关系, figureFileSmall=mcqcw9xAsadkHY9fWUYEGA==, figureFileBig=6b/dhVIHG5XLyvTLr5+kHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100461360014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Relationship between expected return and mortality predicted by SARSA model, figureFileSmall=cbH4cE44BlQ4dqac1MV6ng==, figureFileBig=qH2a0woFrdPjgHpD2TJKSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100574606224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
SARSA模型预测预期回报值与病死率的关系, figureFileSmall=cbH4cE44BlQ4dqac1MV6ng==, figureFileBig=qH2a0woFrdPjgHpD2TJKSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100717212562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Relationship between the difference of expected dehydration and actual dehydration treatment and mortality predicted by Q-learning, figureFileSmall=x6yVnqNSCwIOqC5WX9dw+w==, figureFileBig=iJDNRNiEiEjlQ/TOrmlH+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100792710036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
Q-learning模型预测预期脱水与实际脱水的差值与病死率的关系以横坐标0点作为分界线,右侧代表经Q-learning预测应液体输入,但实际临床医师的处理为脱水;左侧代表经Q-learning预测应脱水,但实际临床医师的处理为液体输入。模型预测值为预测出入量区间的中位数,差值为模型预测值减去实际出入量
, figureFileSmall=x6yVnqNSCwIOqC5WX9dw+w==, figureFileBig=iJDNRNiEiEjlQ/TOrmlH+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100859818902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Comparison of survival and death data among each group of patients either the predicted input and output volume consistent with the actual clinical treatment, figureFileSmall=BGI/dNKFXjegiUlw5gP5Zg==, figureFileBig=lBJd4f7CxjxynoPf3oWxKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100931122071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
模型出入量预测值与实际临床治疗一致及不一致患者的存活与死亡情况比较, figureFileSmall=BGI/dNKFXjegiUlw5gP5Zg==, figureFileBig=lBJd4f7CxjxynoPf3oWxKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101002425241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Included feature variables and missing rate of corresponding features and handling of outliers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 描述 | 缺失率(%) | 离群点处理方法 |
|---|
| 平均动脉压 | 生命体征 | 0.033 | 排除0及负值 |
| 收缩压 | 生命体征 | 0.034 | 排除0及负值 |
| 舒张压 | 生命体征 | 0.034 | 排除0及负值 |
| 体温 | 生命体征 | 0.004 | – |
| 呼吸频率 | 生命体征 | 0.0002 | ≥50次/min,≤0次/min |
| 吸入氧浓度 | 生命体征 | 0.204 | ≥1.00,≤0.21 |
| 外周灌注指数 | 生命体征 | 0.004 | >50 |
| 中心静脉压 | 生命体征 | 0.250 | 负值 |
| 脉搏血氧饱和度 | 生命体征 | 0.001 | ≥1.00,≤0 |
| 心率 | 生命体征 | 0.0002 | ≤0次/min |
| 白细胞 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 中性粒细胞比例 | 实验室指标 | 0.583 | ≤0% |
| 血红蛋白 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 血小板计数 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 肌酐 | 实验室指标 | 0.675 | – |
| 总胆红素 | 实验室指标 | 0.725 | – |
| 动脉血氧分压 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | – |
| 动脉血二氧化碳分压 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | – |
| 剰余碱 | 血气分析 | 0.096 | – |
| pH值 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | ≤6.7或≥7.8 |
| 血乳酸 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | ≥30 mmol/L,≤0 mmol/L |
| 性别 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 年龄 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 体重 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 时间段区间 | 每4 h一个分层 | – | – |
| 液体出入量差值 | 出量-入量– | >3000 ml或<–3000 ml |
| 患者结局 | 生存或死亡 | – | – |
), ArticleFig(id=1208063101086311323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
纳入模型的特征变量及其相应特征值的缺失率与异常值处理方式
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 描述 | 缺失率(%) | 离群点处理方法 |
|---|
| 平均动脉压 | 生命体征 | 0.033 | 排除0及负值 |
| 收缩压 | 生命体征 | 0.034 | 排除0及负值 |
| 舒张压 | 生命体征 | 0.034 | 排除0及负值 |
| 体温 | 生命体征 | 0.004 | – |
| 呼吸频率 | 生命体征 | 0.0002 | ≥50次/min,≤0次/min |
| 吸入氧浓度 | 生命体征 | 0.204 | ≥1.00,≤0.21 |
| 外周灌注指数 | 生命体征 | 0.004 | >50 |
| 中心静脉压 | 生命体征 | 0.250 | 负值 |
| 脉搏血氧饱和度 | 生命体征 | 0.001 | ≥1.00,≤0 |
| 心率 | 生命体征 | 0.0002 | ≤0次/min |
| 白细胞 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 中性粒细胞比例 | 实验室指标 | 0.583 | ≤0% |
| 血红蛋白 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 血小板计数 | 实验室指标 | 0.581 | – |
| 肌酐 | 实验室指标 | 0.675 | – |
| 总胆红素 | 实验室指标 | 0.725 | – |
| 动脉血氧分压 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | – |
| 动脉血二氧化碳分压 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | – |
| 剰余碱 | 血气分析 | 0.096 | – |
| pH值 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | ≤6.7或≥7.8 |
| 血乳酸 | 血气分析 | 0.074 | ≥30 mmol/L,≤0 mmol/L |
| 性别 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 年龄 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 体重 | 人群统计 | – | – |
| 时间段区间 | 每4 h一个分层 | – | – |
| 液体出入量差值 | 出量-入量– | >3000 ml或<–3000 ml |
| 患者结局 | 生存或死亡 | – | – |
), ArticleFig(id=1208063101170197405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Comparison of 24 state feature indexes included in modeling [M(Q1, Q3)]
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| 特征指标 | 训练集 | 测试集 | P |
|---|
| 平均动脉压(mmHg) | 88.33(81.56, 95.57) | 89.25(81.76, 97.12) | 0.132 |
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 131.57(120.47, 143.62) | 132.91(121.83, 145.56) | 0.299 |
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 67.33(60.75, 74.22) | 68.45(61.41, 76.00) | 0.014 |
| 体温(℃) | 37.00(36.50, 37.50) | 37.00(36.55, 37.50) | 0.296 |
| 呼吸频率(次/min) | 18.08(15.86, 20.83) | 18.12(15.71, 21.10) | 0.452 |
| 吸入氧浓度 | 0.31(0.28, 0.39) | 0.31(0.28, 0.39) | 0.194 |
| 外周灌注指数 | 1.50(0.79, 2.40) | 1.60(0.81, 2.63) | 0.022 |
| 中心静脉压(mmHg) | 8.00(6.50, 9.64) | 8.00(6.33, 9.61) | 0.171 |
| 脉搏血氧饱和度(%) | 98.64(97.45, 99.60) | 98.38(97.14, 99.29) | 0.050 |
| 心率(次/min) | 92.86(82.50, 103.67) | 93.45(82.33, 105.00) | 0.128 |
| 白细胞计数(×109/L) | 11.80(8.49, 16.59) | 11.22(7.94, 15.47) | 0.231 |
| 中性粒细胞比例(%) | 86.10(80.60, 90.20) | 86.20(80.46, 90.40) | 0.016 |
| 血红蛋白(g/L) | 96.00(86.00, 109.00) | 97.00(88.00, 110.00) | 0.019 |
| 血小板计数(×109/L) | 144.00(89.00, 208.00) | 138.00(80.00, 208.00) | 0.066 |
| 肌酐(mmol/L) | 7.60(5.30, 12.20) | 6.98(4.86, 12.29) | 0.022 |
| 总胆红素(μmol/L) | 16.90(11.40, 30.90) | 16.70(11.20, 30.10) | 0.297 |
| 血乳酸(mmol/L) | 1.30(0.90, 1.83) | 1.30(1.00, 2.00) | 0.328 |
| 动脉血氧分压(mmHg) | 92.80(79.30, 111.00) | 92.91(79.50, 110.00) | 0.429 |
| 动脉血二氧化碳分压(mmHg) | 39.05(35.80, 42.60) | 39.30(35.95, 43.10) | 0.399 |
| 剩余碱(mmol/L) | 3.03(0.40, 5.47) | 3.17(0.60, 5.90) | 0.449 |
| pH值 | 7.45(7.42, 7.48) | 7.45(7.41, 7.48) | 0.325 |
| 年龄(岁) | 62.0(48.0, 70.0) | 62.0(50.0, 70.0) | 0.341 |
| 体重(kg) | 65.00(58.00, 75.00) | 65.00(58.00, 75.00) | 0.267 |
| 液体平衡量(ml) | –20.83(–90.66, 32.87) | –19.24(–90.25, 37.31) | 0.421 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208063101258277791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
纳入建模的24个状态特征指标比较[M(Q1,Q3)]
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| 特征指标 | 训练集 | 测试集 | P |
|---|
| 平均动脉压(mmHg) | 88.33(81.56, 95.57) | 89.25(81.76, 97.12) | 0.132 |
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 131.57(120.47, 143.62) | 132.91(121.83, 145.56) | 0.299 |
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 67.33(60.75, 74.22) | 68.45(61.41, 76.00) | 0.014 |
| 体温(℃) | 37.00(36.50, 37.50) | 37.00(36.55, 37.50) | 0.296 |
| 呼吸频率(次/min) | 18.08(15.86, 20.83) | 18.12(15.71, 21.10) | 0.452 |
| 吸入氧浓度 | 0.31(0.28, 0.39) | 0.31(0.28, 0.39) | 0.194 |
| 外周灌注指数 | 1.50(0.79, 2.40) | 1.60(0.81, 2.63) | 0.022 |
| 中心静脉压(mmHg) | 8.00(6.50, 9.64) | 8.00(6.33, 9.61) | 0.171 |
| 脉搏血氧饱和度(%) | 98.64(97.45, 99.60) | 98.38(97.14, 99.29) | 0.050 |
| 心率(次/min) | 92.86(82.50, 103.67) | 93.45(82.33, 105.00) | 0.128 |
| 白细胞计数(×109/L) | 11.80(8.49, 16.59) | 11.22(7.94, 15.47) | 0.231 |
| 中性粒细胞比例(%) | 86.10(80.60, 90.20) | 86.20(80.46, 90.40) | 0.016 |
| 血红蛋白(g/L) | 96.00(86.00, 109.00) | 97.00(88.00, 110.00) | 0.019 |
| 血小板计数(×109/L) | 144.00(89.00, 208.00) | 138.00(80.00, 208.00) | 0.066 |
| 肌酐(mmol/L) | 7.60(5.30, 12.20) | 6.98(4.86, 12.29) | 0.022 |
| 总胆红素(μmol/L) | 16.90(11.40, 30.90) | 16.70(11.20, 30.10) | 0.297 |
| 血乳酸(mmol/L) | 1.30(0.90, 1.83) | 1.30(1.00, 2.00) | 0.328 |
| 动脉血氧分压(mmHg) | 92.80(79.30, 111.00) | 92.91(79.50, 110.00) | 0.429 |
| 动脉血二氧化碳分压(mmHg) | 39.05(35.80, 42.60) | 39.30(35.95, 43.10) | 0.399 |
| 剩余碱(mmol/L) | 3.03(0.40, 5.47) | 3.17(0.60, 5.90) | 0.449 |
| pH值 | 7.45(7.42, 7.48) | 7.45(7.41, 7.48) | 0.325 |
| 年龄(岁) | 62.0(48.0, 70.0) | 62.0(50.0, 70.0) | 0.341 |
| 体重(kg) | 65.00(58.00, 75.00) | 65.00(58.00, 75.00) | 0.267 |
| 液体平衡量(ml) | –20.83(–90.66, 32.87) | –19.24(–90.25, 37.31) | 0.421 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208063101337969569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Average expected return of Q-learning model in training set
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| 数据来源 | 迭代次数 | 平均回报值 |
|---|
| 原始数据 | – | 4.07 |
| Q-learning模型 | 3000 | 4.05 |
| | 10 000 | 9.06 |
| | 20 000 | 10.37 |
| | 30 000 | 10.47 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208063101442827171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055578325262570, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
测试集Q-learning模型的平均预期回报值
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| 数据来源 | 迭代次数 | 平均回报值 |
|---|
| 原始数据 | – | 4.07 |
| Q-learning模型 | 3000 | 4.05 |
| | 10 000 | 9.06 |
| | 20 000 | 10.37 |
| | 30 000 | 10.47 |
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