Article(id=1208055576244883799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0586, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1624291200000, receivedDateStr=2021-06-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1630857600000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-06, onlineDate=1765952493963, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1656345600000, pubDateStr=2022-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952493963, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952493963, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952493963, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208055572495179979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='533', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765952493070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952764848, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208056712481841868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208056712481841869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1208055572495179979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=586, endPage=592, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208055577570283878, articleId=1208055576244883799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Expression of serum exosomes integrins and their clinical significance in patients with colorectal cancer, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum exosomes integrin α5, β5 and β6 and their clinical significance in patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The serum samples were collected from 50 patients with CRC admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020, and were divided into CRC stage Ⅰ group (n=5), CRC stage Ⅱ group (n=19), CRC stage Ⅲ group (n=14), and CRC stage Ⅳ group (only liver metastasis, n=12) according the TNM stage. The serum samples were collected from 10 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to May 2020, and set as healthy people group. The exosomes were purified, and then identified by nanoparticle tracking assay (NTA) and Western blotting. The expression levels of integrin α55 and β6 were detected by Western blotting, the survival time of 50 patients with CRC were followed up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis. Results The 50 patients with CRC [26 males (52.0%) and 24 females (48.0%)] are mainly middle- and elderly-aged with average age of 58 years. Five cases (10.0%)in TNM stage Ⅰ, 19 cases (38.0%) in stage Ⅱ, 14 cases (28.0%) in stage Ⅲ and 12 cases (24.0%) in stage Ⅳ (only liver metastasis).Up to February 2021, the follow-up time was 5-60 months, and the median follow-up time was 44 months, no cases fell off or lost follow-up. NTA analysis showed that the particle diameter of serum exosomes in all serum samples were concentrated in 50-150 nm.Western blotting results showed that the marker proteins of serum exosomes ALIX and HSP70 were expressed in all serum samples,which confirmed that these extracts were exosomes. Integrin α5, β5 and β6 were expressed in different degrees, the expression levels of integrin α5 and β5 increased with the increase of TNM stage, and significantly higher in live metastasis than in non-stage Ⅳ(P<0.05). However, no significant relationship existed between the expression of integrin β6 and TNM stage (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier method showed that integrin α5, β5 and TNM stage were related with survival of patients with CRC (P<0.05). The results of Cox proportional risk model suggested that integrin α5 and the degree of pathological differentiation were independent influencing factors of survival in patients with CRC (P<0.05). Conclusion Exosomes integrin α5, β5 are related to liver metastasis and TNM stage of CRC. Exosomes integrin α5 and the degree of pathological differentiation are related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer,and integrin α5 and β5 may become potential serum markers.

, correspAuthors=Yi-Lan Jiang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨不同分期结直肠癌患者血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6的表达水平及其临床意义。方法 收集2016年1月-2020年10月就诊于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院和湖南省肿瘤医院的50例结直肠癌患者的血清标本,按照TNM分期分为结直肠癌Ⅰ期组(n=5)、Ⅱ期组(n=19)、Ⅲ期组(n=14)与Ⅳ期组(仅肝转移,n=12)。另收集2018年8月-2020年5月于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院健康管理中心体检的10名健康者的血清标本作为健康对照组。对血清标本进行外泌体提纯,运用纳米微粒追踪分析(NTA)及Western blotting鉴定外泌体;采用Western blotting检测血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6的表达水平。随访追踪50例结直肠癌患者的生存期,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行生存分析。结果 50例结直肠癌患者中,男26例(52.0%),女24例(48.0%),以中老年群体为主,平均年龄58岁;TNM分期Ⅰ期5例(10.0%),Ⅱ期19例(38.0%),Ⅲ期14例(28.0%),Ⅳ期(仅肝转移) 12例(24.0%)。随访截至2021年2月,随访时间5~60个月,中位随访时间44个月,无病例脱落或失访。NTA分析结果显示,各组血清外泌体的粒径分布集中在50~150 nm。Western blotting检测结果显示,各组血清外泌体中ALIX、HSP70等标志性蛋白均有表达,证实提取物为外泌体;各组血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6均有不同程度表达,其中整合素α5、β5的表达水平随着TNM分期增加而升高,肝转移Ⅳ期患者α5、β5表达水平明显高于非Ⅳ期患者(P<0.05),而整合素β6表达与TNM分期无明显关系(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,整合素α5、β5及TNM分期与结直肠癌患者的生存期有关(P<0.05);Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,整合素α5及病理分化程度是结直肠癌患者生存期的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 外泌体整合素α5、β5与结肠癌肝转移及TNM分期有关,外泌体整合素α5及病理分化程度与结肠癌预后有关,外泌体整合素α5、β5可能成为潜在的血清标志物。

, correspAuthors=蒋益兰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蒋益兰,E-mail:
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焦蕉,硕士研究生,主治医师,从事中西医结合防治恶性肿瘤方面的研究

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焦蕉,硕士研究生,主治医师,从事中西医结合防治恶性肿瘤方面的研究

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焦蕉,硕士研究生,主治医师,从事中西医结合防治恶性肿瘤方面的研究

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组血清外泌体纳米微粒追踪分析(NTA)结果

A. 健康对照组;B. 结直肠癌Ⅰ期组;C. 结直肠癌Ⅱ期组;D. 结直肠癌Ⅲ期组;E. 结直肠癌Ⅳ期组

, figureFileSmall=Xntt/C8ATXi06Chathx88w==, figureFileBig=Ww+VcMIj1J619SObGiUYcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100822065439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression of serum exosomes marker proteins ALIX and HSP70 in each group (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=OORs5+JghnufntwjcEjnaA==, figureFileBig=j+Tmc3bSJ8QnLdHzcVqEDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100876591393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组血清外泌体标志蛋白ALIX、HSP70的表达情况(Western blotting), figureFileSmall=OORs5+JghnufntwjcEjnaA==, figureFileBig=j+Tmc3bSJ8QnLdHzcVqEDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063100935311653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Expression of integrin α5, β5 and β6 in serum exosomes of each group (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=oBGKug3pUocmkViWzEUqGg==, figureFileBig=obwWB9/ZS+kJ3QTsRmfHdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101002420517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6的表达情况(Western blotting)

与健康对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与结直肠癌Ⅰ期组比较,(2)P<0.05,(3)P<0.01;与结直肠癌Ⅱ期组比较,(4)P<0.01;与结直肠癌Ⅲ期组比较,(5)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=oBGKug3pUocmkViWzEUqGg==, figureFileBig=obwWB9/ZS+kJ3QTsRmfHdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101073723686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Kaplan-Meier curve analysis of the influencing factors of survival of patients with colorectal cancer, figureFileSmall=GaWPeSXDniKx2Mu9GPdhgg==, figureFileBig=I8O1MJmy2y9G5h6s10RjNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101161804073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=CN, label=图4, caption=结直肠癌患者生存期影响因素的Kaplan-Meier曲线分析, figureFileSmall=GaWPeSXDniKx2Mu9GPdhgg==, figureFileBig=I8O1MJmy2y9G5h6s10RjNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101266661675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model of integrin α5 and the degree of pathological differentiation, figureFileSmall=wmElwPSFWLlxdjKUL5nHkw==, figureFileBig=5Rfx1wiSZK2Xly4Tfr0cWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101354742060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于整合素α5、病理分化程度的Cox比例风险回归模型

Cox比例风险回归方程:h(t, X)=h0(t)exp(–2.925×整合素α5+1.202病理分化程度)。整合素α5:1=低值,2=中值,3=高值;病理分化程度:1=高分化,2=中分化,3=低分化及黏液性腺癌

, figureFileSmall=wmElwPSFWLlxdjKUL5nHkw==, figureFileBig=5Rfx1wiSZK2Xly4Tfr0cWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208063101438628141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1208055576244883799, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis of the influencing factors of survival of patients with colorectal cancer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWald χ2dfPOR95%CI
病理分化程度1.2020.4896.05910.0143.3281.278~8.671
整合素α52.9250.73815.68610.00018.6264.381~79.191
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结直肠癌患者生存期影响因素的Cox比例风险回归模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWald χ2dfPOR95%CI
病理分化程度1.2020.4896.05910.0143.3281.278~8.671
整合素α52.9250.73815.68610.00018.6264.381~79.191
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结直肠癌患者血清外泌体整合素的表达及其临床意义
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焦蕉 1, 2 , 唐继云 3 , 刘佳琴 4 , 唐麒 2 , 李东芳 1 , 胡广生 2 , 蒋益兰 4, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(6): 586-592
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(6): 586-592
结直肠癌患者血清外泌体整合素的表达及其临床意义
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焦蕉1, 2, 唐继云3, 刘佳琴4, 唐麒2, 李东芳1, 胡广生2, 蒋益兰4, *
作者信息
  • 1湖南省肿瘤医院中西医结合科,长沙 410013
  • 2湖南中医药大学研究生院,长沙 410208
  • 3衡阳市中医医院肿瘤科,湖南衡阳 421000
  • 4湖南省中医药研究院附属医院中医肿瘤学湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410006
  • 焦蕉,硕士研究生,主治医师,从事中西医结合防治恶性肿瘤方面的研究

通讯作者:

蒋益兰,E-mail:
Expression of serum exosomes integrins and their clinical significance in patients with colorectal cancer
Jiao Jiao1, 2, Ji-Yun Tang3, Jia-Qin Liu4, Qi Tang2, Dong-Fang Li1, Guang-Sheng Hu2, Yi-Lan Jiang4, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
  • 2Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
  • 3Department of Oncology, Hengyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
  • 4Hunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Oncology, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha 410006, China
出版时间: 2022-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0586
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目的 探讨不同分期结直肠癌患者血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6的表达水平及其临床意义。方法 收集2016年1月-2020年10月就诊于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院和湖南省肿瘤医院的50例结直肠癌患者的血清标本,按照TNM分期分为结直肠癌Ⅰ期组(n=5)、Ⅱ期组(n=19)、Ⅲ期组(n=14)与Ⅳ期组(仅肝转移,n=12)。另收集2018年8月-2020年5月于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院健康管理中心体检的10名健康者的血清标本作为健康对照组。对血清标本进行外泌体提纯,运用纳米微粒追踪分析(NTA)及Western blotting鉴定外泌体;采用Western blotting检测血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6的表达水平。随访追踪50例结直肠癌患者的生存期,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行生存分析。结果 50例结直肠癌患者中,男26例(52.0%),女24例(48.0%),以中老年群体为主,平均年龄58岁;TNM分期Ⅰ期5例(10.0%),Ⅱ期19例(38.0%),Ⅲ期14例(28.0%),Ⅳ期(仅肝转移) 12例(24.0%)。随访截至2021年2月,随访时间5~60个月,中位随访时间44个月,无病例脱落或失访。NTA分析结果显示,各组血清外泌体的粒径分布集中在50~150 nm。Western blotting检测结果显示,各组血清外泌体中ALIX、HSP70等标志性蛋白均有表达,证实提取物为外泌体;各组血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6均有不同程度表达,其中整合素α5、β5的表达水平随着TNM分期增加而升高,肝转移Ⅳ期患者α5、β5表达水平明显高于非Ⅳ期患者(P<0.05),而整合素β6表达与TNM分期无明显关系(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,整合素α5、β5及TNM分期与结直肠癌患者的生存期有关(P<0.05);Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,整合素α5及病理分化程度是结直肠癌患者生存期的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 外泌体整合素α5、β5与结肠癌肝转移及TNM分期有关,外泌体整合素α5及病理分化程度与结肠癌预后有关,外泌体整合素α5、β5可能成为潜在的血清标志物。

结直肠癌  /  整合素  /  外泌体  /  生存期

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum exosomes integrin α5, β5 and β6 and their clinical significance in patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The serum samples were collected from 50 patients with CRC admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020, and were divided into CRC stage Ⅰ group (n=5), CRC stage Ⅱ group (n=19), CRC stage Ⅲ group (n=14), and CRC stage Ⅳ group (only liver metastasis, n=12) according the TNM stage. The serum samples were collected from 10 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to May 2020, and set as healthy people group. The exosomes were purified, and then identified by nanoparticle tracking assay (NTA) and Western blotting. The expression levels of integrin α55 and β6 were detected by Western blotting, the survival time of 50 patients with CRC were followed up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis. Results The 50 patients with CRC [26 males (52.0%) and 24 females (48.0%)] are mainly middle- and elderly-aged with average age of 58 years. Five cases (10.0%)in TNM stage Ⅰ, 19 cases (38.0%) in stage Ⅱ, 14 cases (28.0%) in stage Ⅲ and 12 cases (24.0%) in stage Ⅳ (only liver metastasis).Up to February 2021, the follow-up time was 5-60 months, and the median follow-up time was 44 months, no cases fell off or lost follow-up. NTA analysis showed that the particle diameter of serum exosomes in all serum samples were concentrated in 50-150 nm.Western blotting results showed that the marker proteins of serum exosomes ALIX and HSP70 were expressed in all serum samples,which confirmed that these extracts were exosomes. Integrin α5, β5 and β6 were expressed in different degrees, the expression levels of integrin α5 and β5 increased with the increase of TNM stage, and significantly higher in live metastasis than in non-stage Ⅳ(P<0.05). However, no significant relationship existed between the expression of integrin β6 and TNM stage (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier method showed that integrin α5, β5 and TNM stage were related with survival of patients with CRC (P<0.05). The results of Cox proportional risk model suggested that integrin α5 and the degree of pathological differentiation were independent influencing factors of survival in patients with CRC (P<0.05). Conclusion Exosomes integrin α5, β5 are related to liver metastasis and TNM stage of CRC. Exosomes integrin α5 and the degree of pathological differentiation are related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer,and integrin α5 and β5 may become potential serum markers.

colorectal cancer  /  integrin  /  exosomes  /  survival
焦蕉, 唐继云, 刘佳琴, 唐麒, 李东芳, 胡广生, 蒋益兰. 结直肠癌患者血清外泌体整合素的表达及其临床意义. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (6) : 586 -592 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0586
Jiao Jiao, Ji-Yun Tang, Jia-Qin Liu, Qi Tang, Dong-Fang Li, Guang-Sheng Hu, Yi-Lan Jiang. Expression of serum exosomes integrins and their clinical significance in patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (6) : 586 -592 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0586
结直肠癌是全球癌症发病率第三、死亡率第二的恶性肿瘤[1],严重影响人们的生命健康,临床治疗常采用手术、放化疗、靶向治疗、免疫及中医中药治疗为一体的综合治疗模式。肿瘤转移是导致结直肠癌患者死亡的主要原因[2],肝脏是结直肠癌转移发生率最高的器官,而晚期结直肠癌5年生存率约11.7%[3-5]。因此,深入探讨结直肠癌肝转移的机制具有十分重要的意义。整合素属于细胞表面黏附分子家族,通过与相应配体结合,介导细胞与细胞间及细胞与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)的黏附反应,调控细胞的生物学行为。多项研究显示,整合素α5、β5、β6在结直肠癌侵袭、转移过程中发挥着重要作用[6-10]。本研究检测不同分期结直肠癌患者及健康人血清外泌体整合素α5、β5、β6的表达情况,分析其与生存期的关系,探讨整合素α5、β5、β6在结直肠癌诊断、治疗及预后预测中的价值。
收集2016年1月-2020年10月就诊于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院和湖南省肿瘤医院的50例结直肠癌患者的血清标本。纳入标准:年龄>18岁,性别不限;符合结直肠癌诊断标准;未经放化疗和手术的初诊患者。排除标准:因其他疾病或事故死亡;依从性差不能随访。结直肠癌按照中国临床肿瘤学会(Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology,CSCO)结直肠癌诊疗指南[11]标准,经手术或病理活检确诊。按照国际抗癌联盟(Union for International Cancer Control,UICC)及美国肿瘤联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)TNM分期系统(第8版)[12],将50例结直肠癌患者分为结直肠癌Ⅰ期组(n=5)、Ⅱ期组(n=19)、Ⅲ期组(n=14)与Ⅳ期组(仅肝转移,n=12)。
收集2018年8月-2020年5月于湖南省中医药研究院附属医院健康管理中心体检的10名健康者的血清标本作为健康对照组。经过询问病史、体格检查以及完善胃肠镜、肿瘤标志物、影像学等检查认定为无恶性肿瘤,且无肠道癌前病变如腺瘤、黑病变等,排除合并糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、肝肾疾病等慢性疾病及肿瘤家族史者。本研究通过湖南省中医药研究院伦理委员会[HZL(K)20180614-001-01C号]和湖南省肿瘤医院医学伦理委员会(SBQLL-2020-110)审核,所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
外泌体提取试剂盒(EIQ3-01001 kit,171018,上海华盈生物医药科技有限公司);四甲基乙二胺(TEMED;T105497,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);RIPA裂解液(P0013B,上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲液(Tris;V900483,美国Sigma公司);兔抗人HSP70抗体(ab181606)、兔抗人ALIX抗体(ab186249)、兔抗人整合素α5抗体(ab150361)、兔抗人整合素β6抗体(ab187155)、兔抗人整合素β5抗体(ab184312) (英国Abcam公司);兔抗人甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶抗体(GAPDH,10494-1-AP)、羊抗兔抗IgG HRP(SA00001-2) (美国Proteintech公司)。纳米检测仪(NanoFCM,厦门福流生物科技有限公司);台式冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司);电泳仪、转膜仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司);摇床、旋涡混合器(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);磁力搅拌器(上海雷磁仪电科学仪器股份有限公司)。
按照外泌体提取试剂盒(EIQ3-01001 kit)说明书步骤操作,取血清标本于4 ℃下3000g离心10 min;取200 μl,加入50 μl提取试剂A,混匀后4 ℃静置孵育30 min;室温下3000 g离心10 min,弃上清;用200 μl PBS重悬,向重悬液中加入50 μl试剂B,混匀后4 ℃静置孵育30 min;室温下3000g离心10 min,弃上清;用50~120 μl PBS重悬,分装后于–80 ℃冻存待测。
取冻存的外泌体样品,25 ℃水浴解冻后,于冰上放置;取20 μl置于离心管中,加入980 μl已过滤的PBS溶液(样本50倍稀释),反复吹打混匀,0.22 μm滤膜过滤,采用纳米检测仪进行分析,具体由上海逍鹏生物公司测定。
取外泌体样品,根据BCA定量结果加入6×蛋白上样缓冲液,金属浴中煮沸变性,取20 μg上样,行凝胶电泳,转至PVDF膜上,5%封闭液封闭60 min,加入HSP70(1∶3000)、ALIX(1∶3000)、整合素α5(1∶3000)、整合素β6(1∶3000)、整合素β5(1∶1000)、GAPDH(1∶5000)一抗,4 ℃摇床孵育过夜;次日用TBST及TBS洗涤,加入山羊抗兔二抗(1∶6000)室温孵育90 min;用TBST洗涤3次,加入ECL化学发光液显影,用Quantity One灰度分析软件进行分析。
所有患者每1~2个月接受1次电话随访,随访日期从入组开始至患者出现本病相关死亡,随访截至2021年2月。生存期为从随机化开始至死亡或末次随访时间。采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox比例风险回归模型分析预后影响因素。
采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,若符合正态分布和方差齐,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验或非参数检验。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件制作粒径图,Quantity One灰度分析软件进行Western blotting分析,实验均重复3次。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
50例中,男26例(52.0%),女24例(48.0%),以中老年群体为主,平均58岁;年龄≤60岁者24例(48.0%),>60岁者26例(52.0%);TNM分期Ⅰ期5例(10.0%),Ⅱ期19例(38.0%),Ⅲ期14例(28.0%),Ⅳ期(仅肝转移)12例(24.0%);黏液性腺癌2例(4.0%),低分化腺癌15例(30.0%),中分化腺癌25例(50.0%),高分化腺癌8例(16.0%)。随访截至2021年2月,随访时间5~60个月,中位随访时间44个月,无病例脱落或失访。
NTA分析结果显示,各组血清外泌体的粒径分布集中在50~150 nm(图1)。Western blotting检测结果显示,各组血清外泌体中ALIX、HSP70等标志性蛋白均有表达(图2),证实提取物为外泌体,可进行后续实验。
Western blotting检测结果显示,各组血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5表达水平较高,其水平随着结直肠癌TNM分期增加而增高;结直肠癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组整合素α5、β5表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),整合素β6仅少量表达,其水平并不随着TNM分期而呈一致性改变(P>0.05)(图3)。结直肠癌Ⅳ期组整合素α5、β5表达水平明显高于结直肠癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期组(P<0.01),结直肠癌Ⅲ期组明显高于结直肠癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组(P<0.01),结直肠癌Ⅱ期组高于结直肠癌Ⅰ期组(P<0.05)(图3)。
Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,整合素α5、整合素β5、TNM分期与结直肠癌患者生存期有关(P<0.01),病理分化程度、性别、年龄与结直肠癌患者生存期无明显相关性(P>0.05,图4)。
Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,整合素α5及病理分化程度是结直肠癌患者生存期的独立影响因素(P<0.01,图5表1)。
结直肠癌是2020年中国癌症发病率第二、死亡率第五的恶性肿瘤[15]。肝转移是结直肠癌患者死亡的主要原因之一。因此,深入探讨结直肠癌肝转移的机制具有重要意义。目前研究认为,恶性肿瘤的侵袭、转移是一个动态连续的过程[16]。肿瘤细胞首先从原发部位脱落,侵入到ECM中,与基底膜细胞间质中的一些分子黏附,并激活细胞合成、分泌各种降解酶类,协助肿瘤细胞穿过ECM进入血管,然后在某些因子的作用下运行并穿过血管壁外渗到继发部位,继续增殖形成转移灶[17]
整合素作为细胞表面黏附分子家族的一员,是由α(120~185 kD)和β(90~110 kD)两个亚单位经非共价键连接组成的异源二聚体,包括一段C端细胞质内区域和一段N端细胞外区域(β4除外)。现已发现18种α亚单位和8种β亚单位。α、β链共同构成识别配体的结合点,构成20多种整合素。整合素在与ECM连接后,通过聚集(包括支架分子,如p130-CRK相关底物)、招募并激活激酶[如局部黏附激酶(FAKs)和src家族激酶(sFKs)]将ECM与肌动蛋白细胞骨架耦合[9],直接或间接地影响肿瘤细胞的分化、增殖、迁移、凋亡及肿瘤血管的形成等[18-19]。有研究发现,整合素α5β1(ITGA5)可通过α5β1-纤连蛋白途径促进原位肿瘤向远处器官转移[20]。Shao等[21]采用Western blotting检测发现,与原始细胞相比,转移性HT29细胞中整合素α5β1表达增加。Lu等[22]利用生物信息学方法分析了癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA),结果显示,ITGA5表达越高,结直肠癌患者的总生存率越低。Pelillo等[23]发现,肝脏微环境通过调节整合素α5β1及其信号通路(FAK)的活性来驱动大肠癌细胞沉降到肝脏中,而整合素α5β1与α2β1协同发挥作用,共同促进癌细胞在肝脏中的侵袭和扩散。整合素β5(ITGβ5/ITGαvβ5)是一种玻连蛋白受体[24],可与αv亚基组成异二聚体,影响肿瘤的黏附、生长、迁移及侵袭等[25-30]。Hoshino等[31]通过定量质谱分析和Western blotting检测发现,ITGβ5主要在肝嗜性细胞的外泌体中检测到。同样,有研究在黑色素瘤肝转移、结直肠癌肝转移、胰腺癌肝转移及胃癌肝转移的外泌体中均检测到整合素β5[32],提示整合素β5可调节肝转移的倾向性。整合素αvβ6是仅存在于上皮源性恶性肿瘤的一类特殊亚型,与多种上皮性肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭和转移密切相关。Bates等[33]发现,启动子转录调节因子-1(Ets-1)与整合素β6的转录激活及结肠癌患者的生存获益存在相关性。Wang等[34]发现,整合素αvβ6通过内吞、胞吐循环直接参与细胞的迁移运动,为结肠癌细胞的肝转移提供动力。本研究发现,各组血清外泌体中整合素α5、β5、β6均有不同程度表达,其中整合素α5、β5表达水平随着TNM分期增加逐渐增高,且肝转移Ⅳ期患者α5、β5表达水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者(P<0.05),提示整合素α5、β5与肝转移、TNM分期有关。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,整合素α5、β5与结直肠癌患者生存期有关;Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,结直肠癌患者整合素α5水平越高、病理分化程度越低,则预后越差,提示整合素α5、β5、病理分化程度与结直肠癌的预后有关。
值得注意的是,本研究发现,整合素β6在结直肠癌Ⅰ-Ⅳ期患者中均有表达,但各分期表达水平差异无统计学意义,这与既往Peng等[35]和Ahn等[36]的研究结果一致,提示整合素αvβ6表达水平与结直肠癌良恶性无明显关联,总体生存率或临床病理特征与整合素αvβ6表达无明显相关性。但Peng等[35]和Ahn等[36]的研究仅对整合素αvβ6进行单因素分析,未对其相互作用因子如Ets-1、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶2(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2,p-ERK2)或尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor,uPAR)以及真核细胞起始因子4E(eukaryotic initiation factor-4E,eIF4E)等进行分析,因为结直肠癌患者在同时表达上述因子和整合素αvβ6时更容易出现复发转移[35],或者这些因子可增强整合素αvβ6的效力[8],或者整合素β6同时受Ets-1和eIF4E的调节才能发挥作用[7],且β6的表达可能提示化疗耐药,导致患者生存率明显降低[37],但并不意味着整合素β6的表达与分期呈一致性[36]
本研究存在一定的局限性:未对整合素β6的相互作用因子进行研究;未对其他Ⅳ期如肺部、远处淋巴结转移等患者进行同期研究,以明确整合素α5、β5是否引导结肠癌细胞定向转移至肝脏组织;未进行深入的细胞、动物实验加以验证。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,整合素α5、β5参与了结直肠癌的侵袭、迁移过程,是导致结直肠癌肝转移的原因之一,可能成为潜在的血清标志物。该结果为深入挖掘整合素α5、β5作为结直肠癌浸润转移的预测分子以及结直肠癌肝转移的作用机制提供了理论依据,但仍需进行多中心、大样本的临床与基础研究,以确定整合素α5、β5对结直肠癌的诊断、治疗及预后价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81774287)
  • 湖南省中医药科研计划项目(2021193)
  • 长沙市科技计划项目(kq1706040)
  • 湖南创新型省份建设专项经费资助项目(2019SK4013)
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2022年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.06.0586
  • 接收时间:2021-06-22
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2022-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-22
  • 录用日期:2021-09-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81774287)
国家自然科学基金(81774287)
Scientific Research Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hunan Province(2021193)
湖南省中医药科研计划项目(2021193)
Changsha Science and Technology Planning Project(kq1706040)
长沙市科技计划项目(kq1706040)
Hunan Innovative Province Construction Special Fund Project(2019SK4013)
湖南创新型省份建设专项经费资助项目(2019SK4013)
作者信息
    1湖南省肿瘤医院中西医结合科,长沙 410013
    2湖南中医药大学研究生院,长沙 410208
    3衡阳市中医医院肿瘤科,湖南衡阳 421000
    4湖南省中医药研究院附属医院中医肿瘤学湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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