Article(id=1207751285453984284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207751280789921836, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.660, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1637164800000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1649347200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-08, onlineDate=1765879945385, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1658937600000, pubDateStr=2022-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765879945385, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765879945385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879945385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207751280789921836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='639', pageEnd='744', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765879944274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879944274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=660, endPage=666, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207751285735002670, articleId=1207751285453984284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Status survey of adrenocortical carcinoma based on internet patients support group, columnId=1207751281691697198, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Special Issue on Adrenal Gland Diseases, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the current situation of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in China,for providing references to clinical diagnosis and treatment of ACC. Methods The information was collected of patients (from adrenocortical tumor patient group) definitely diagnosed as ACC from 2010 to 2019 by questionnaire, including gender, age, clinical manifestations, course of disease, surgical and adjuvant treatment methods and curative effects, and retrospective analysis was conducted. Results A total of 156 ACC patients were included with a male to female ratio of 1:1.33. Patients aged 40-60 years accounted for the highest proportion. Except one patient with bilateral adrenal tumors, the others were unilateral involved, and the proportion of left adrenal tumor was slightly higher than that of the right side. Eighty-one (51.9%) patients had adrenocortical hormone hypersecretion, 33 patients (21.2%) of them had manifestations of hypercortisolism such as full moon face, buffalo back,centripetal obesity, and muscle weakness, and 12 patients (7.7%) had spontaneous hypersecretion of two or more adrenal hormones, including cortisol. One hundred and forty-seven patients underwent surgery, of which open surgery accounted for the highest proportion (n=86, 55.1%), followed by laparoscopic surgery (n=51, 32.7%). The most common distant metastasis sites were liver(n=50, 32.1%), lung (n=46, 29.5%) and retroperitoneal lymph nodes (n=34, 21.8%). 79.5% of the studied population (n=124)used mitotane for adjuvant treatment, and 66.9% (n=83) of the patients started medication due to postoperative recurrence and metastasis. The median stable dosage of mitotane was 2.0 g. 64.4% (n=58) of the patients could achieve partial or complete response,26.7% (n=24) of the patients were in stable condition, and the remaining 8.9% (n=8) had disease progression. After the combined application of other adjuvant treatments was included in the analysis, no significant difference was observed in the response among the three groups of mitotane alone, mitotane combined with chemotherapy, and mitotane combined with other treatments (P>0.05). Conclusions Functional occupancy accounted for more than 50% in ACC patients, and the proportion of cortisol hypersecretion is the highest. Some patients are prone to retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, therefore, lymph node dissection should be performed routinely in radical operations. As an essential adjuvant therapy, mitotane possesses high response rate when used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy or other adjuvant medicines.

, correspAuthors=Kang Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 对我国肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)患者进行现况调查,为该病的临床诊疗提供参考。方法 以问卷调查的形式对来自肾上腺皮质肿瘤患者群、2010-2019年明确诊断为ACC的患者进行信息采集,收集患者的性别、年龄、临床表现、病程、手术方式、辅助治疗手段、疗效等信息进行回顾性分析。结果 最终纳入ACC患者156例,男女比例为1:1.33,40~60岁患者占比最高。除1例为双侧肾上腺受累外,其余均为单侧肾上腺占位,左侧多于右侧。81例(51.9%)存在肾上腺皮质激素分泌过多,其中33例(21.2%)存在满月脸、水牛背、向心性肥胖、肌无力等皮质醇增多表现,12例出现包括皮质醇在内的两种或两种以上肾上腺皮质激素自主分泌过度。147例进行了手术治疗,其中行开腹手术者占比最高(86例,55.1%),其次为腹腔镜手术(51例,32.7%)。最常见远处转移部位为肝脏(50例,32.1%)、肺(46例,29.5%)及腹膜后淋巴结(34例,21.8%)。124例(79.5%)应用米托坦进行辅助治疗,其中83例(66.9%)因术后复发转移而开始用药。米托坦中位稳定剂量为2.0 g,58例(64.4%)用药后达到部分或完全应答,24例(26.7%)病情稳定,8例(8.9%)出现疾病进展。将其他辅助治疗联合应用情况纳入分析后显示,单用米托坦、米托坦联合化疗、米托坦联合其他治疗三组间应答情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ACC患者中超过50%为功能性占位,皮质醇分泌过度者比例最高。部分患者易出现腹膜后淋巴结转移,因此根治术中应常规行淋巴结清扫。米托坦作为重要的辅助治疗手段,应答率较高,可与化疗等辅助治疗方式联合应用。

, correspAuthors=陈康, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈康,E-mail:
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尹雅琪,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

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尹雅琪,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

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尹雅琪,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

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J Pediatr Surg, 1984, 19(4): 498., articleTitle=Adrenal cortical carcinoma—A continuing challenge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044256648864362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=52, issue=4, pageStart=707, pageEnd=711, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Nader S, Hickey RC, Sellin RV, journalName=Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nader S, Hickey RC, Sellin RV, et al. Adrenal cortical carcinoma. A study of 77 cases[J]. Cancer, 1983, 52(4): 707-711., articleTitle=Adrenal cortical carcinoma. A study of 77 cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044256703390315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1966, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=572, pageEnd=580, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Hutter AM Jr, Kayhoe DE, journalName=Am J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hutter AM Jr, Kayhoe DE. Adrenal cortical carcinoma. Clinical features of 138 patients[J]. Am J Med, 1966, 41(4): 572-580., articleTitle=Adrenal cortical carcinoma. 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N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(23): 2372-2380., articleTitle=Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044256900522606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=356, issue=23, pageStart=2415, pageEnd=2418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Schteingart DE, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schteingart DE. Adjuvant mitotane therapy of adrenal cancer- use and controversy[J]. 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J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014, 99(2): 455-461., articleTitle=Adjuvant therapies and patient and tumor characteristics associated with survival of adult patients with adrenocortical carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257110237809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Paragliola RM, Torino F, Papi G, journalName=Eur Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paragliola RM, Torino F, Papi G, et al. Role of mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma - review and state of the art[J]. 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J Endocrinol Invest, 2014, 37(3): 207-217., articleTitle=Management of adrenal cancer: a 2013 update, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257261232755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=64, issue=1, pageStart=110, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Faggiano A, Leboulleux S, Young J, journalName=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Faggiano A, Leboulleux S, Young J, et al. Rapidly progressing high o, p'DDD doses shorten the time required to reach the therapeutic threshold with an acceptable tolerance: preliminary results[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2006, 64(1): 110-113., articleTitle=Rapidly progressing high o, p'DDD doses shorten the time required to reach the therapeutic threshold with an acceptable tolerance: preliminary results, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257319953012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=166, issue=2, pageStart=261, pageEnd=268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Mauclère-Denost S, Leboulleux S, Borget I, journalName=Eur J Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mauclère-Denost S, Leboulleux S, Borget I, et al. High-dose mitotane strategy in adrenocortical carcinoma: prospective analysis of plasma mitotane measurement during the first 3 months of follow-up[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2012, 166(2): 261-268., articleTitle=High-dose mitotane strategy in adrenocortical carcinoma: prospective analysis of plasma mitotane measurement during the first 3 months of follow-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257391256182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=85, issue=6, pageStart=2234, pageEnd=2238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Terzolo M, Pia A, Berruti A, journalName=J Clin Endocrinol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Terzolo M, Pia A, Berruti A, et al. Low-dose monitored mitotane treatment achieves the therapeutic range with manageable side effects in patients with adrenocortical cancer[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000, 85(6): 2234-2238., articleTitle=Low-dose monitored mitotane treatment achieves the therapeutic range with manageable side effects in patients with adrenocortical cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257458365047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=265, pageEnd=272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wängberg B, Khorram-Manesh A, Jansson S, journalName=Endocr Relat Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wängberg B, Khorram-Manesh A, Jansson S, et al. The long-term survival in adrenocortical carcinoma with active surgical management and use of monitored mitotane[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2010, 17(1): 265-272., articleTitle=The long-term survival in adrenocortical carcinoma with active surgical management and use of monitored mitotane, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257529668216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=92, issue=6, pageStart=1385, pageEnd=1392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Baudin E, Pellegriti G, Bonnay M, journalName=Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baudin E, Pellegriti G, Bonnay M, et al. Impact of monitoring plasma 1, 1-dichlorodiphenildichloroethane (o, p'DDD) levels on the treatment of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma[J]. Cancer, 2001, 92(6): 1385-1392., articleTitle=Impact of monitoring plasma 1, 1-dichlorodiphenildichloroethane (o, p'DDD) levels on the treatment of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257600971385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=1043, pageEnd=1053, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Daffara F, de Francia S, Reimondo G, journalName=Endocr Relat Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Daffara F, de Francia S, Reimondo G, et al. Prospective evaluation of mitotane toxicity in adrenocortical cancer patients treated adjuvantly[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2008, 15(4): 1043-1053., articleTitle=Prospective evaluation of mitotane toxicity in adrenocortical cancer patients treated adjuvantly, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257680663162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=96, issue=6, pageStart=1844, pageEnd=1851, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Hermsen IG, Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, journalName=J Clin Endocrinol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hermsen IG, Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, et al. Plasma concentrations of o, p'DDD, o, p'DDA, and o, p'DDE as predictors of tumor response to mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a retrospective ENS@T multicenter study[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(6): 1844-1851., articleTitle=Plasma concentrations of o, p'DDD, o, p'DDA, and o, p'DDE as predictors of tumor response to mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a retrospective ENS@T multicenter study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257747772027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=5, issue=2, pageStart=125, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Kasperlik-Zaluska AA, Cichocki A, journalName=J Exp Ther Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kasperlik-Zaluska AA, Cichocki A. Clinical role of determination of plasma mitotane and its metabolites levels in patients with adrenal cancer: results of a long-term follow-up[J]. J Exp Ther Oncol, 2005, 5(2): 125-132., articleTitle=Clinical role of determination of plasma mitotane and its metabolites levels in patients with adrenal cancer: results of a long-term follow-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044257819075196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=169, issue=3, pageStart=263, pageEnd=270, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Terzolo M, Baudin AE, Ardito A, journalName=Eur J Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Terzolo M, Baudin AE, Ardito A, et al. Mitotane levels predict the outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated adjuvantly following radical resection[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2013, 169(3): 263-270., articleTitle=Mitotane levels predict the outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated adjuvantly following radical resection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208044258985091709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=667, pageEnd=680, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Schteingart DE, Doherty GM, Gauger PG, journalName=Endocr Relat Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schteingart DE, Doherty GM, Gauger PG, et al. Management of patients with adrenal cancer: recommendations of an international consensus conference[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2005, 12(3): 667-680., articleTitle=Management of patients with adrenal cancer: recommendations of an international consensus conference, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208044254740456015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, awardId=81900704, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900704), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208044254811759184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, awardId=81900704, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81900704), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208044250705535509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208044250713924118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, companyId=1208044250705535509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208044250722312727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, companyId=1208044250705535509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208044253150814792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Functional evaluation, operation mode, distant metastasis and adjuvant therapy in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值
男/女(例)67/89
年龄分布[例(%)]
 <18岁20(12.8)
 18~40岁39(25.0)
 40~60岁75(48.1)
 ≥60岁22(14.1)
病程[月,M(Q1, Q3)]18.0(8.0, 36.2)
就诊原因[例(%)]
 肾上腺意外瘤72(46.2)
 肾上腺占位引起不适22(14.1)
 库欣综合征33(21.2)
 女性男性化8(5.1)
 男性雌激素分泌过多7(4.5)
 盐皮质激素分泌过多2(1.3)
 两种及以上肾上腺相关激素分泌过度12(7.7)
肿瘤位置及功能[例(%)]
 左肾上腺功能性占位37(23.7)
 右肾上腺功能性占位44(28.2)
 左肾上腺无功能占位51(32.7)
 右肾上腺无功能占位23(14.7)
 双侧肾上腺无功能占位1(0.6)
治疗方式[例(%)]
 手术治疗147(94.2)
  开腹手术86(55.1)
  腹腔镜手术51(32.7)
  机器人手术10(6.4)
 无手术机会9(5.8)
转移情况[例(%)]
 肝脏转移50(32.1)
 肺转移46(29.5)
 腹膜后淋巴结转移34(21.8)
 腹腔转移18(11.8)
 骨转移10(6.4)
 盆腔转移1(0.6)
 胸膜转移1(0.6)
 纵隔转移1(0.6)
 颅内转移1(0.6)
辅助治疗方式[例(%)]
 米托坦124(79.5)
 化疗36(23.1)
 放疗48(30.8)
 介入栓塞12(7.7)
 射频消融11(7.1)
 中药31(19.9)
 其他治疗a4(2.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1208044253217923657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

肾上腺皮质癌患者功能评估、手术方式、远处转移及辅助治疗情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值
男/女(例)67/89
年龄分布[例(%)]
 <18岁20(12.8)
 18~40岁39(25.0)
 40~60岁75(48.1)
 ≥60岁22(14.1)
病程[月,M(Q1, Q3)]18.0(8.0, 36.2)
就诊原因[例(%)]
 肾上腺意外瘤72(46.2)
 肾上腺占位引起不适22(14.1)
 库欣综合征33(21.2)
 女性男性化8(5.1)
 男性雌激素分泌过多7(4.5)
 盐皮质激素分泌过多2(1.3)
 两种及以上肾上腺相关激素分泌过度12(7.7)
肿瘤位置及功能[例(%)]
 左肾上腺功能性占位37(23.7)
 右肾上腺功能性占位44(28.2)
 左肾上腺无功能占位51(32.7)
 右肾上腺无功能占位23(14.7)
 双侧肾上腺无功能占位1(0.6)
治疗方式[例(%)]
 手术治疗147(94.2)
  开腹手术86(55.1)
  腹腔镜手术51(32.7)
  机器人手术10(6.4)
 无手术机会9(5.8)
转移情况[例(%)]
 肝脏转移50(32.1)
 肺转移46(29.5)
 腹膜后淋巴结转移34(21.8)
 腹腔转移18(11.8)
 骨转移10(6.4)
 盆腔转移1(0.6)
 胸膜转移1(0.6)
 纵隔转移1(0.6)
 颅内转移1(0.6)
辅助治疗方式[例(%)]
 米托坦124(79.5)
 化疗36(23.1)
 放疗48(30.8)
 介入栓塞12(7.7)
 射频消融11(7.1)
 中药31(19.9)
 其他治疗a4(2.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1208044253285032522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Application of mitotane in adjuvant therapy for treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值
应用米托坦的原因[例(%)]
 根治术后预防性用药11(8.9)
 病灶残余或术前存在转移20(16.1)
 术后复发转移83(66.9)
 发现时即广泛转移,失去手术机会10(8.1)
米托坦稳定剂量[g, M(Q1, Q3)]2.0(1.5, 2.5)
药物剂量调整方式[例(%)]a
 由较高剂量到较低剂量6(9.7)
 由较低剂量到较高剂量48(77.4)
 始终应用同一剂量8(12.9)
用药后获益时间[月,M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(3.0, 5.2)
治疗效果[例(%)]
 部分或完全应答58(64.4)
 疾病稳定24(26.7)
 疾病进展8(8.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1208044253347947083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

米托坦辅助治疗肾上腺皮质癌情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值
应用米托坦的原因[例(%)]
 根治术后预防性用药11(8.9)
 病灶残余或术前存在转移20(16.1)
 术后复发转移83(66.9)
 发现时即广泛转移,失去手术机会10(8.1)
米托坦稳定剂量[g, M(Q1, Q3)]2.0(1.5, 2.5)
药物剂量调整方式[例(%)]a
 由较高剂量到较低剂量6(9.7)
 由较低剂量到较高剂量48(77.4)
 始终应用同一剂量8(12.9)
用药后获益时间[月,M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(3.0, 5.2)
治疗效果[例(%)]
 部分或完全应答58(64.4)
 疾病稳定24(26.7)
 疾病进展8(8.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1208044254505574988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Application of mitotane monotherapy and combination with other adjuvant therapies for treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标单用米托坦(n=52)米托坦联合化疗(n=33)米托坦联合其他治疗(n=39)*P
男/女(例)21/3120/1312/270.035
年龄分布[例(%)]   <0.001
 <18岁3(5.8)16(48.5)0
 18~40岁12(23.1)5(15.2)12(30.8)
 40~60岁31(59.6)9(27.3)24(61.5)
 ≥60岁6(11.5)3(9.1)3(7.7)
米托坦稳定剂量[g, M(Q1, Q3)]2.0(1.5, 2.5)1.5(1.0, 2.0)2.0(1.5, 3.0)0.001
用药后获益时间[月,M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(3.0, 4.0)3.0(2.0, 5.8)3.0(3.0, 6.0)0.591
治疗效果[例(%)]a   0.121
 部分或完全应答22(64.7)18(69.2)18(60.0)
 疾病稳定12(35.3)4(15.4)8(26.7)
 疾病进展04(15.4)4(13.3) 
), ArticleFig(id=1208044254585266765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751285453984284, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

米托坦单药及联合其他辅助治疗肾上腺皮质癌情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标单用米托坦(n=52)米托坦联合化疗(n=33)米托坦联合其他治疗(n=39)*P
男/女(例)21/3120/1312/270.035
年龄分布[例(%)]   <0.001
 <18岁3(5.8)16(48.5)0
 18~40岁12(23.1)5(15.2)12(30.8)
 40~60岁31(59.6)9(27.3)24(61.5)
 ≥60岁6(11.5)3(9.1)3(7.7)
米托坦稳定剂量[g, M(Q1, Q3)]2.0(1.5, 2.5)1.5(1.0, 2.0)2.0(1.5, 3.0)0.001
用药后获益时间[月,M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(3.0, 4.0)3.0(2.0, 5.8)3.0(3.0, 6.0)0.591
治疗效果[例(%)]a   0.121
 部分或完全应答22(64.7)18(69.2)18(60.0)
 疾病稳定12(35.3)4(15.4)8(26.7)
 疾病进展04(15.4)4(13.3) 
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基于网络患者自助群的肾上腺皮质癌现况调查
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尹雅琪 , 陈康 * , 安平 , 倪奇 , 谷伟军 , 窦京涛 , 吕朝晖 , 母义明
解放军医学杂志 | 肾上腺疾病专题研究 2022,47(7): 660-666
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解放军医学杂志 | 肾上腺疾病专题研究 2022, 47(7): 660-666
基于网络患者自助群的肾上腺皮质癌现况调查
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尹雅琪, 陈康* , 安平, 倪奇, 谷伟军, 窦京涛, 吕朝晖, 母义明
作者信息
  • 解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853
  • 尹雅琪,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈康,E-mail:
Status survey of adrenocortical carcinoma based on internet patients support group
Ya-Qi Yin, Kang Chen* , Ping An, Qi Ni, Wei-Jun Gu, Jing-Tao Dou, Zhao-Hui Lv, Yi-Ming Mu
Affiliations
  • Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
出版时间: 2022-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.660
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目的 对我国肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)患者进行现况调查,为该病的临床诊疗提供参考。方法 以问卷调查的形式对来自肾上腺皮质肿瘤患者群、2010-2019年明确诊断为ACC的患者进行信息采集,收集患者的性别、年龄、临床表现、病程、手术方式、辅助治疗手段、疗效等信息进行回顾性分析。结果 最终纳入ACC患者156例,男女比例为1:1.33,40~60岁患者占比最高。除1例为双侧肾上腺受累外,其余均为单侧肾上腺占位,左侧多于右侧。81例(51.9%)存在肾上腺皮质激素分泌过多,其中33例(21.2%)存在满月脸、水牛背、向心性肥胖、肌无力等皮质醇增多表现,12例出现包括皮质醇在内的两种或两种以上肾上腺皮质激素自主分泌过度。147例进行了手术治疗,其中行开腹手术者占比最高(86例,55.1%),其次为腹腔镜手术(51例,32.7%)。最常见远处转移部位为肝脏(50例,32.1%)、肺(46例,29.5%)及腹膜后淋巴结(34例,21.8%)。124例(79.5%)应用米托坦进行辅助治疗,其中83例(66.9%)因术后复发转移而开始用药。米托坦中位稳定剂量为2.0 g,58例(64.4%)用药后达到部分或完全应答,24例(26.7%)病情稳定,8例(8.9%)出现疾病进展。将其他辅助治疗联合应用情况纳入分析后显示,单用米托坦、米托坦联合化疗、米托坦联合其他治疗三组间应答情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ACC患者中超过50%为功能性占位,皮质醇分泌过度者比例最高。部分患者易出现腹膜后淋巴结转移,因此根治术中应常规行淋巴结清扫。米托坦作为重要的辅助治疗手段,应答率较高,可与化疗等辅助治疗方式联合应用。

肾上腺皮质癌  /  辅助治疗  /  米托坦  /  现况调查

Objective To investigate the current situation of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in China,for providing references to clinical diagnosis and treatment of ACC. Methods The information was collected of patients (from adrenocortical tumor patient group) definitely diagnosed as ACC from 2010 to 2019 by questionnaire, including gender, age, clinical manifestations, course of disease, surgical and adjuvant treatment methods and curative effects, and retrospective analysis was conducted. Results A total of 156 ACC patients were included with a male to female ratio of 1:1.33. Patients aged 40-60 years accounted for the highest proportion. Except one patient with bilateral adrenal tumors, the others were unilateral involved, and the proportion of left adrenal tumor was slightly higher than that of the right side. Eighty-one (51.9%) patients had adrenocortical hormone hypersecretion, 33 patients (21.2%) of them had manifestations of hypercortisolism such as full moon face, buffalo back,centripetal obesity, and muscle weakness, and 12 patients (7.7%) had spontaneous hypersecretion of two or more adrenal hormones, including cortisol. One hundred and forty-seven patients underwent surgery, of which open surgery accounted for the highest proportion (n=86, 55.1%), followed by laparoscopic surgery (n=51, 32.7%). The most common distant metastasis sites were liver(n=50, 32.1%), lung (n=46, 29.5%) and retroperitoneal lymph nodes (n=34, 21.8%). 79.5% of the studied population (n=124)used mitotane for adjuvant treatment, and 66.9% (n=83) of the patients started medication due to postoperative recurrence and metastasis. The median stable dosage of mitotane was 2.0 g. 64.4% (n=58) of the patients could achieve partial or complete response,26.7% (n=24) of the patients were in stable condition, and the remaining 8.9% (n=8) had disease progression. After the combined application of other adjuvant treatments was included in the analysis, no significant difference was observed in the response among the three groups of mitotane alone, mitotane combined with chemotherapy, and mitotane combined with other treatments (P>0.05). Conclusions Functional occupancy accounted for more than 50% in ACC patients, and the proportion of cortisol hypersecretion is the highest. Some patients are prone to retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, therefore, lymph node dissection should be performed routinely in radical operations. As an essential adjuvant therapy, mitotane possesses high response rate when used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy or other adjuvant medicines.

adrenal cortical carcinoma  /  adjuvant therapy  /  mitotane  /  status survey
尹雅琪, 陈康, 安平, 倪奇, 谷伟军, 窦京涛, 吕朝晖, 母义明. 基于网络患者自助群的肾上腺皮质癌现况调查. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (7) : 660 -666 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.660
Ya-Qi Yin, Kang Chen, Ping An, Qi Ni, Wei-Jun Gu, Jing-Tao Dou, Zhao-Hui Lv, Yi-Ming Mu. Status survey of adrenocortical carcinoma based on internet patients support group[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (7) : 660 -666 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.660
肾上腺皮质癌(adrenal cortical carcinoma,ACC)是来源于肾上腺皮质细胞的恶性上皮源性肿瘤,罕见且往往具有侵袭性。患者可有肾上腺相关激素分泌过多的临床表现,如库欣综合征、女性男性化等[1],也可能表现为无功能占位,或因腹部肿块引起恶心、腹胀、疼痛等不适。由于该病临床罕见,包括专科(内分泌科、泌尿外科、病理科或肿瘤科等)医师在内的大多数医师往往对其缺乏诊治经验,而有诊治经验的单中心又较难有良好数据支持下的优质临床证据。因此,加深专科领域医师对该病的了解,继而加强多中心协作尤为重要。本文通过以问卷为基础的现况调查研究,提供全国范围较大样本量ACC患者的真实世界信息,旨在为该病的诊疗提供临床参考。
本研究为回顾性研究,对肾上腺皮质肿瘤患者群(全国ACC患者自助群)中2010-2019年病理明确诊断为ACC的171例患者进行问卷调查。其中15例无应答,最终纳入ACC患者156例。本研究获解放军总医院医学伦理委员会批准(S2021-554-01)。
利用网络调查问卷收集ACC患者的性别、年龄、临床表现、病程、手术方式、辅助治疗手段、疗效等信息,并进行回顾性分析。年龄按照<18岁、18~40岁、40~60岁及≥60岁进行分层。在手术治疗的基础上,以米托坦为基础的辅助治疗方案按照单用米托坦、米托坦联合化疗及米托坦联合其他治疗(包括放疗、介入栓塞治疗及射频消融治疗等)进行分组,并对不同组别患者的年龄分布、米托坦稳定剂量、用药获益时间及治疗效果进行对比分析。单用米托坦和(或)在米托坦基础上联合其他辅助治疗情况下,肾上腺原位病灶和(或)转移灶消失定义为完全应答;肾上腺原位病灶和(或)转移灶缩小、肾上腺皮质相关激素高分泌状态缓解定义为部分应答;原发灶和(或)转移灶无增大,转移灶无增多,根治性手术后预防性用药,随访无复发定义为疾病稳定;原发灶和(或)转移灶增大,转移灶增多定义为疾病进展。
应用Empower States统计软件(www.empowerstats.com)与R 4.0软件进行数据处理。经单样本Shapiro-Wilk检验,本研究中的计量资料均为非正态分布资料,以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。均为双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
156例ACC患者中,男67例,女89例,男女比例为1:1.33。在年龄分布上,40~60岁患者比例最高,共75例,占48.1%,其次为18~40岁患者(25.0%)。患者病程中位数为18个月,病程最长者9.7年。156例患者中,72例(46.2%)因非肾上腺原因就诊时意外发现肾上腺占位,22例(14.1%)因腹部肿块引起恶心、腹部饱胀、疼痛等不适就诊发现ACC,余62例(39.7%)因出现肾上腺相关激素过度分泌所致的临床表现而就诊,其中33例(21.2%)存在满月脸、水牛背、向心性肥胖、肌无力等皮质醇增多表现,8例(5.1%)出现痤疮、多毛等女性雄激素分泌过多表现,7例(4.5%)出现阳痿、乳房发育等男性雌激素过度分泌表现,2例(1.3%)出现醛固酮分泌过多所致高血压、低血钾。此外,12例(7.7%)出现包括皮质醇分泌过多在内的两种或两种以上肾上腺相关激素自主分泌过度表现。经影像学评估,除1例为双侧肾上腺受累外,其余患者均为单侧占位,且左侧(56.4%)较右侧稍多。根据外周血激素检测结果进行功能学评估,75例(48%)诊断为无功能瘤,其中左侧51例、右侧23例、双侧1例,其余81例(52%)考虑肾上腺占位存在激素过度分泌,其中左侧功能瘤37例,右侧功能瘤44例(表1)。
外科手术是该病具备手术条件情况下的首选治疗方案。所有患者中,147例(94.2%)进行了手术治疗,其中行开腹手术者86例(55.1%),行腹腔镜手术者51例(32.7%),行机器人手术者10例(6.4%),余9例由于肿瘤巨大、与周围组织粘连严重、存在多发转移、一般状况差等原因而未行手术治疗。最常见的远处转移部位为肝脏(50例,32.1%),其次为肺(46例,29.5%)和腹膜后淋巴结(34例,21.8%)。此外,18例出现腹腔转移,1例出现盆腔转移,骨转移相对少见,颅内转移、纵隔转移等罕见。绝大多数患者除手术治疗外还进行了包括米托坦治疗、放疗、化疗在内的辅助治疗,其中应用米托坦者124例(79.5%),放疗者48例(30.8%),化疗者36例(23.1%)。此外,还有12例行介入栓塞治疗,11例行射频消融治疗,31例行中药治疗,4例应用甲磺酸阿帕替尼或在米托坦、放疗等基础上联合程序性死亡蛋白1及其配体(PD-1/PD-L1)抑制剂或依维莫司治疗(表1)。
在应用米托坦的124例中,83例(66.9%)因术后复发转移而开始用药,11例为根治性手术后的预防性用药,20例因病灶浸润周围组织、术后病灶残留、术前即存在少量转移灶等原因开始米托坦治疗,同时,在应用米托坦的基础上联合放疗、化疗等辅助治疗手段。另有10例因首诊时瘤体大、多发远处转移等原因失去手术机会而应用米托坦,其中3例用药后反应良好,经评估达到高风险手术标准后行手术治疗。研究对象中米托坦应用最久者约42个月,米托坦中位稳定剂量为2.0 g,其中稳定剂量最低者0.25 g,最高者4.25 g。62例患者提供了药物剂量调整的具体方式,其中48例(77.4%)选择以小剂量起始用药、耐受后逐渐加量的方式达到米托坦稳定剂量,6例(9.7%)选择大剂量起始后逐渐减量的方式达到稳定剂量,另有8例(12.9%)长期固定剂量无变动。在治疗效果方面,124例中90例处于较长观察期的患者给出了较为详尽的疗效应答信息,其中58例(64.4%)用药后达到部分或完全应答,24例(26.7%)病情稳定,8例(8.9%)出现疾病进展,中位获益时间为3个月(表2)。
按照单用米托坦、米托坦联合化疗、米托坦联合其他治疗(包括放疗、介入栓塞或射频消融等)进行分层分析,结果显示三组间患者年龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),<18岁患者应用米托坦联合化疗的比例明显高于其他年龄组。各组间米托坦稳定剂量差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),但经性别、年龄因素校正后,组间差异消失;在治疗效果方面,三组间用药后获益时间及应答情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
ACC发病率极低,为(0.7~2.0)/100万,发病年龄分布呈双峰表现,常见于<1岁及40~60岁人群,且女性更多见(占55%~60%),单侧受累较多,左侧(约占55%)稍多于右侧[2-3]。本研究中女性患者稍多(89例,占57.1%),40~60岁患者占比最高(占48.1%),除1例为双侧肾上腺受累外,其余均为单侧肾上腺占位,且左侧受累者更多(88例,占56.4%),与既往报道基本一致。有研究显示,50%~60%的ACC患者存在肾上腺相关激素过度分泌的情况,其中多数患者可出现库欣综合征,或同时出现库欣综合征及女性男性化表现,单纯雄激素增多较少见,单纯雌激素或盐皮质激素过量者罕见[4-10]。原发性醛固酮增多的ACC患者通常伴有严重的低血钾,然而ACC患者中的低钾血症更常见于糖皮质激素过量分泌者。本研究中,81例(51.9%)存在肾上腺相关激素分泌过多,其中33例(21.2%)表现为皮质醇过度分泌[其中12例除皮质醇分泌过多外,还存在雄激素和(或)醛固酮分泌过量]。欧洲内分泌学会(European Society of Endocrinology,ESE)联合欧洲肾上腺肿瘤研究网络(European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors,ENSAT)共同推出的ACC临床指南[11]建议所有疑似ACC的患者进行详细的内分泌功能评估,考虑主要有以下几方面原因:(1)类固醇激素过度分泌可指示肿瘤的肾上腺皮质来源。(2)类固醇激素分泌模式可在一定程度上提示肾上腺疾病为ACC的潜在可能。如患者出现雄激素和皮质醇的自主共分泌增多,应高度怀疑ACC[12]。(3)激素评估具有预后价值。有研究显示,皮质醇自主分泌过多的ACC患者通常预后较差[7, 13-14];如术前未明确皮质醇自主分泌情况,完全切除原发肿瘤后可能导致肾上腺皮质功能不全。(4)术前异常升高的激素可作为随访期间的肿瘤标志物。
完全外科切除是唯一可能治愈ACC的方法[15],而开放手术是确诊或高度怀疑ACC的标准手术方式。关于能否行腹腔镜下瘤体切除,目前尚存在争议。部分回顾性研究发现,腹腔镜手术处理ACC后疾病复发早且频繁,无病生存期缩短[14, 16-17]。另一些研究则指出,腹腔镜肾上腺切除与开腹手术结局相当[18-20]。两种研究结果之间的差异,不排除与医疗中心的手术经验及肿瘤大小有关。由于这些观察性研究的证据质量普遍较低,缺乏随机对照,很难得出具有明确指导意义的结论,因此,ESE及ENSAT专家组曾表示可遵循ESE肾上腺意外瘤指南[21]的建议,对所有具有局部侵袭征象的肿瘤采取开放手术,而对于直径≤6 cm的肾上腺意外瘤,考虑良性肿瘤的可能性较大,可选择腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术。需要指出的是,6 cm的直径切点划定似乎相对随意,因此,如腹腔镜手术时遇到明显的肿瘤侵袭迹象应及时转为开放手术,以确保肿瘤的完全切除。此外,有研究发现,与手术中未行淋巴结清扫的患者比较,行淋巴结清扫的患者肿瘤复发和疾病相关死亡风险明显降低(HR=0.54,95%CI 0.29~0.99)[22]。本研究中ACC患者腹膜后淋巴结转移比例高达21.8%,提示肾上腺切除术中常规行淋巴结清扫可能使患者获益。
米托坦是一种肾上腺皮质抑制剂,与杀虫剂二氯二苯二氯乙烷属同类物质。由于大量证据提示其对ACC患者有效[23-26],目前已作为ACC的重要辅助治疗药物,单独或与其他细胞毒性药物联合使用[27]。ESE及ENSAT联合发布的ACC指南中建议:对于根治性手术后高复发风险患者(ENSAT Ⅲ期,或R1切除,或Ki-67>10%),建议进行辅助性米托坦治疗;对于所有复发和(或)晚期ACC患者,建议尽快开始米托坦治疗;对于晚期ACC且不符合局部治疗条件者,根据预后情况进行米托坦单药或米托坦联合依托泊苷、多柔比星和顺铂(etoposide,doxorubicin,and cisplatin,EDP)治疗[11]。截至目前,明确提示米托坦可改善Ⅰ-Ⅲ期ACC患者临床结局的最佳证据来自于一项多中心回顾性研究。该研究纳入了1985-2005年意大利和德国共55个中心的177例ACC患者,结果显示,与未应用米托坦治疗的对照组相比,应用米托坦的ACC患者无复发生存期及总生存期显著延长,米托坦治疗组、意大利对照组、德国对照组的中位无复发生存期分别为42个月、10个月及25个月,中位总生存期分别为110个月、52个月及67个月[28]。类似证据还可见于Schteingart[29]、Fassnacht等[30]、Else等[31]的研究。对于已行手术治疗的低分级ACC(Ⅰ-Ⅲ期,镜下R0切除,Ki-67染色<10%)患者而言,米托坦辅助治疗的作用尚不确切,目前正在进行的大型国际性随机试验ADIUVO[32]有望予以解答。米托坦给药可选择小剂量耐受后逐渐加量或高剂量起始快速达标两种方式,但目前尚无证据显示何种方式更优。一般状况较好的ACC患者可考虑高剂量起始快速达标的给药方式,而对于大多数患者而言,小剂量耐受后逐渐加量的方式可能更易接受,且安全性更好[33-36]。根据现有的证据,为实现治疗获益的同时最大限度地减轻药物毒性,目前普遍推荐米托坦的目标血清浓度范围为14~20 µg/ml[37-42]。但在我国,米托坦作为本身获取途径极其有限的孤儿药,可为其提供血药浓度监测的机构寥寥无几。关于米托坦的用药疗程,多数指南建议至少为2年[11, 43],但考虑到ACC患者4~5年后复发者少见,有学者建议在可耐受的情况下可持续用药5年。在上述德国和意大利关于米托坦的多中心回顾性研究中,中位治疗时间为29个月[28]。本研究有明确记录的米托坦最长用药疗程为42个月。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,ACC患者超过50%为功能性占位,皮质醇分泌过度者占比最高;部分患者易出现腹膜后淋巴结转移,因此根治术中应常规行淋巴结清扫。此外,米托坦作为重要的辅助治疗手段,具有较高的应答率,可与化疗等辅助治疗方式联合应用,但目前该药在我国获取渠道有限,血药浓度监测难以保障。必须指出的是,由于本研究纳入的研究对象为自发组织的疾病互助ACC患者,应用米托坦的比例较高,因此存在明显的偏倚,不符合目前ACC的临床诊疗实际,但也正是由于聚集了大量应用米托坦进行辅助治疗的患者,才提供了具有珍贵价值的真实世界数据。此外,研究方法受限于网络问卷的形式,资料的翔实程度受到一定影响,存在信息缺失及难以预测的混杂效应。希望今后能有基于专业临床诊疗机构的多中心数据来弥补上述不足。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81900704)
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2022年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.660
  • 接收时间:2021-11-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-16
  • 出版时间:2022-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-18
  • 录用日期:2022-04-08
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900704)
国家自然科学基金(81900704)
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    解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853

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陈康,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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