Article(id=1207751283323281513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207751280789921836, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0653, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1637164800000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1644076800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-06, onlineDate=1765879944878, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1658937600000, pubDateStr=2022-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765879944878, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765879944878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879944878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207751280789921836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='639', pageEnd='744', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765879944274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879944274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=653, endPage=659, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207751283625271420, articleId=1207751283323281513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients with normal plasma free metanephrines, columnId=1207751281691697198, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Special Issue on Adrenal Gland Diseases, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients with normal level of plasma free metanephrines (MNs), and offer a proposal for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 99 patients hospitalized from January 2019 to April 2021 and diagnosed as PPGL, of which 98 patients were pathologically confirmed as PPGL and 1 patient was clinically diagnosed as Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.Plasma free MNs were detected, and according to the MNs level, all the patients were divided into PPGL with normal MNs group(n=10) and PPGL with elevated MNs group (n=89). The differences were contrasted and analyzed between the two groups in clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics, preoperative preparation and intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation. Results No significant difference was detected in the incidence of typical triad between the two groups, but the incidence of nausea and vomiting in PPGL with normal MNs group was higher (40.0% vs. 13.5%, P=0.031). The proportion of retroperitoneal paraganglioma was obviously higher in PPGL with normal MNs group than in PPGL with elevated MNs group (60.0% vs. 20.2%, P=0.027), and the proportion of patients possessing typical PPGL imaging manifestations (70.0% vs. 92.1%, P=0.028) and tumor necrosis (40.0% vs.71.9%, P=0.039) was lower in PPGL with normal MNs group than in PPGL with elevated MNs group. Among 10 patients in PPGL with normal MNs group, 2 cases had slightly increased urinary metanephrine (MN) or 3-MT, and the maximum diameter of tumor in 8 cases was ≥3 cm. CT or MRI showed that tumors with typical PPGL imaging features in 7 cases, and functional imaging was positive in 6 cases. Conclusions Normal plasma MNs can not be used as sufficient exclusion of PPGL diagnosis. For patients suspected with PPGL, when normal MNs are obtained, it is recommended to measure extra indexes such as 24 h urine MNs and 3-MT.In addition, functional imaging is of great value in this condition.

, correspAuthors=Kang Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 分析嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤(PPGL)患者中血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质(MNs)正常者的临床特点,为该类患者的诊疗提出建议。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2021年4月在解放军总医院第一医学中心就诊的99例PPGL患者,其中98例经病理证实为PPGL,1例为临床诊断希佩尔-林道综合征(VHL综合征)。所有患者均检测血浆游离MNs,按照MNs水平分为MNs正常的PPGL患者(MNs正常组,n=10)与MNs升高的PPGL患者(MNs升高组,n=89),比较两组患者临床表现、影像学特点、术前准备、术中血压波动等方面的差异。结果 MNs正常组患者典型三联征发生率与MNs升高组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但恶心、呕吐的发生率稍高于MNs升高组(40.0% vs. 13.5%,P=0.031)。MNs正常组腹膜后副神经节瘤比例明显高于MNs升高组(60.0% vs. 20.2%,P=0.027),具有PPGL典型影像学表现(70.0% vs. 92.1%,P=0.028)及肿瘤坏死(40.0% vs.71.9%,P=0.039)的比例明显低于MNs升高组。10例血MNs正常的PPGL患者中,2例尿甲氧基肾上腺素(MN)或甲氧基酪胺(3-MT)轻度升高,8例肿瘤最大直径≥3 cm,7例CT或MRI提示肿瘤具有较为典型的PPGL影像学特征,6例患者功能影像学检查阳性。结论 血MNs正常不能作为排除PPGL的充分依据;对于可疑PPGL的患者,如血MNs正常,建议加测尿MNs及3-MT等指标。功能影像学检查对PPGL的诊断具有重要价值。

, correspAuthors=陈康, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈康,E-mail:
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尹雅琪,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

, authorsList=尹雅琪, 陈康, 安平, 吕雪彩, 苏小凤, 张艳凤, 李一君, 臧丽, 杜锦, 裴育, 王先令, 郭清华, 巴建明, 谷伟军, 窦京涛, 吕朝晖, 母义明)}, authors=[Author(id=1207751285412045028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207751285521096938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, authorId=1207751285412045028, language=EN, stringName=Ya-Qi Yin, firstName=Ya-Qi, middleName=null, lastName=Yin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207751285621760240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, authorId=1207751285412045028, language=CN, stringName=尹雅琪, firstName=雅琪, middleName=null, lastName=尹, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853, bio={"content":"

尹雅琪,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

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尹雅琪,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

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Classification of pheochromocytomas according to their type of secretion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207751295516123767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=216, issue=2, pageStart=340, pageEnd=346, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Poirier É, Thauvette D, Hogue JC, journalName=J Am Coll Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Poirier É, Thauvette D, Hogue JC. Management of exclusively dopamine-secreting abdominal pheochromocytomas[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2013, 216(2): 340-346., articleTitle=Management of exclusively dopamine-secreting abdominal pheochromocytomas, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207751292303286836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, awardId=81900704, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900704), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207751292382978614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, awardId=81900704, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81900704), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207751285017780418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285026169028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285017780418, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285034557637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285017780418, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207751285101666509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285110055116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285101666509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285118443725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285101666509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院第一医学中心麻醉科,北京 100853)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207751285198135509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285206524116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285198135509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Central Health Center of Tuanxi Town, Bozhou District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563131, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285214912725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285198135509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3遵义市播州区团溪镇中心卫生院,贵州遵义 563131)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207751285302993118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285315576031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285302993118, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207751285319770336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, companyId=1207751285302993118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4南开大学医学院,天津 300071)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207751291535729179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of clinical and biochemical data in PPGL patients between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标MNs正常组(n=10)MNs升高组(n=89)P
男/女(例)7/348/410.332
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)47.7±14.547.5±14.30.971
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)26.0±5.324.8±3.60.426
诊断[例(%)]  0.027
 PCC3(30.0)60(67.4)
 PGL6(60.0)18(20.2)
 MEN0(0.0)7(7.9)
 VHL1(10.0)4(4.5)
症状[例(%)]
 头痛4(40.0)28(31.5)0.584
 心悸3(30.0)43(48.3)0.271
 大汗5(50.0)36(40.4)0.561
 面色苍白4(40.0)22(24.7)0.298
 头晕3(30.0)27(30.3)0.982
 乏力2(20.0)17(19.1)0.945
 腹痛/背痛3(30.0)11(12.4)0.129
 恶心/呕吐4(40.0)12(13.5)0.031
 三联征2(20.0)19(21.3)0.923
高血压[例(%)]6(60.0)65(73.0)0.386
 阵发性高血压[例(%)]3(30.0)43(48.3)0.271
MN[pmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]116.6(80.0, 152.5)2313.8(80.0, 1700.0)0.012
NMN[pmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]182.2(281.0, 437.5)7506(1595.2, 9729.3)<0.001
阳性家族史[例(%)]2(20.0)12(13.5)0.575
), ArticleFig(id=1207751291619615263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组PPGL患者临床及生化资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标MNs正常组(n=10)MNs升高组(n=89)P
男/女(例)7/348/410.332
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)47.7±14.547.5±14.30.971
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)26.0±5.324.8±3.60.426
诊断[例(%)]  0.027
 PCC3(30.0)60(67.4)
 PGL6(60.0)18(20.2)
 MEN0(0.0)7(7.9)
 VHL1(10.0)4(4.5)
症状[例(%)]
 头痛4(40.0)28(31.5)0.584
 心悸3(30.0)43(48.3)0.271
 大汗5(50.0)36(40.4)0.561
 面色苍白4(40.0)22(24.7)0.298
 头晕3(30.0)27(30.3)0.982
 乏力2(20.0)17(19.1)0.945
 腹痛/背痛3(30.0)11(12.4)0.129
 恶心/呕吐4(40.0)12(13.5)0.031
 三联征2(20.0)19(21.3)0.923
高血压[例(%)]6(60.0)65(73.0)0.386
 阵发性高血压[例(%)]3(30.0)43(48.3)0.271
MN[pmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]116.6(80.0, 152.5)2313.8(80.0, 1700.0)0.012
NMN[pmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]182.2(281.0, 437.5)7506(1595.2, 9729.3)<0.001
阳性家族史[例(%)]2(20.0)12(13.5)0.575
), ArticleFig(id=1207751291720278562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of imaging and perioperative data in PPGL patients between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标MNs正常组(n=10)MNs升高组(n=89)P
肿瘤位置[例(%)]  0.016
 单侧肾上腺4(40.0)57(64.0)
 双侧肾上腺014(15.7)
 腹膜后6(60.0)18(20.2)
肿瘤最大直径(cm, $\bar{x}±s$)3.8±1.75.1±2.60.134
典型影像学表现[例(%)]7(70.0)82(92.1)0.028
肿瘤液化坏死[例(%)]4(40.0)64(71.9)0.039
肿瘤转移[例(%)]09(10.1)0.592
术前药物准备[例(%)]7(70.0)84(96.6)0.014
手术方式[例(%)]  0.436
 腹腔镜手术7(77.8)75(88.2)
 开腹手术2(22.2)6(7.1)
 腹腔镜及开腹手术01(1.2)
 穿刺活检03(3.5)
术中桡动脉SBP>160 mmHg[例(%)]4(40.0)29(39.7)0.987
术中桡动脉SBP>200 mmHg[例(%)]1(11.1)2(3.1)0.327
Ki-67阳性率[例(%)]  0.834
 ≤3%7(77.8)47(78.3)
 3%~5%2(22.2)11(18.3)
 >5%02(3.3) 
), ArticleFig(id=1207751291787387429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组PPGL患者影像学及围手术期资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标MNs正常组(n=10)MNs升高组(n=89)P
肿瘤位置[例(%)]  0.016
 单侧肾上腺4(40.0)57(64.0)
 双侧肾上腺014(15.7)
 腹膜后6(60.0)18(20.2)
肿瘤最大直径(cm, $\bar{x}±s$)3.8±1.75.1±2.60.134
典型影像学表现[例(%)]7(70.0)82(92.1)0.028
肿瘤液化坏死[例(%)]4(40.0)64(71.9)0.039
肿瘤转移[例(%)]09(10.1)0.592
术前药物准备[例(%)]7(70.0)84(96.6)0.014
手术方式[例(%)]  0.436
 腹腔镜手术7(77.8)75(88.2)
 开腹手术2(22.2)6(7.1)
 腹腔镜及开腹手术01(1.2)
 穿刺活检03(3.5)
术中桡动脉SBP>160 mmHg[例(%)]4(40.0)29(39.7)0.987
术中桡动脉SBP>200 mmHg[例(%)]1(11.1)2(3.1)0.327
Ki-67阳性率[例(%)]  0.834
 ≤3%7(77.8)47(78.3)
 3%~5%2(22.2)11(18.3)
 >5%02(3.3) 
), ArticleFig(id=1207751291879662119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Clinical andbiochemical data of PPGL patients with normal plasma free MNs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病例性别年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2)术前诊断最终诊断就诊时症状高血压病史阳性家族史MN(pmol/L)NMN(pmol/L)其他检测
13121.3PCCPCC头痛、心悸、大汗、面色苍白、头晕发作性高血压<80.00450.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
23925.6PCC混合性PCC<80.00150.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L、UNMN 151.00 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 443.00 nmol/24 h
36626.7PCCPCC大汗、乏力、头晕、恶心、呕吐405.90313.903-MT 8.90 pmol/L、UMN 327.40 nmol/24 h、UNMN 108.70 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 163.50 nmol/24 h、CgA 80.13 ng/ml
46629.4PGLPGL头痛、大汗、面色苍白、头晕、恶心、呕吐持续性高血压<80.00120.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
56129.7PGLPGL持续性高血压<80.00400.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
62836.3PGLPGL心悸、腹痛110.00351.603-MT 11.80 pmol/L
75327.3NATPGL头痛、心悸、大汗、面色苍白、腹痛、头晕、恶心发作性高血压166.70635.803-MT 23.00 pmol/L、UNMN 199.40 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 279.50 nmol/24 h
85717.2NATPGL头痛、大汗、面色苍白、恶心、呕吐发作性高血压310.00680.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
93721.9NATPGL<80.00270.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
103924.8VHLVHL背痛持续性高血压<80.00400.003-MT<80.00 pmol/L、NSE 28.65 ng/ml
), ArticleFig(id=1207751291963548202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血浆游离MNs正常PPGL患者的临床及生化资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病例性别年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2)术前诊断最终诊断就诊时症状高血压病史阳性家族史MN(pmol/L)NMN(pmol/L)其他检测
13121.3PCCPCC头痛、心悸、大汗、面色苍白、头晕发作性高血压<80.00450.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
23925.6PCC混合性PCC<80.00150.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L、UNMN 151.00 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 443.00 nmol/24 h
36626.7PCCPCC大汗、乏力、头晕、恶心、呕吐405.90313.903-MT 8.90 pmol/L、UMN 327.40 nmol/24 h、UNMN 108.70 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 163.50 nmol/24 h、CgA 80.13 ng/ml
46629.4PGLPGL头痛、大汗、面色苍白、头晕、恶心、呕吐持续性高血压<80.00120.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
56129.7PGLPGL持续性高血压<80.00400.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
62836.3PGLPGL心悸、腹痛110.00351.603-MT 11.80 pmol/L
75327.3NATPGL头痛、心悸、大汗、面色苍白、腹痛、头晕、恶心发作性高血压166.70635.803-MT 23.00 pmol/L、UNMN 199.40 nmol/24 h、U3-MT 279.50 nmol/24 h
85717.2NATPGL头痛、大汗、面色苍白、恶心、呕吐发作性高血压310.00680.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
93721.9NATPGL<80.00270.003-MT <80.00 pmol/L
103924.8VHLVHL背痛持续性高血压<80.00400.003-MT<80.00 pmol/L、NSE 28.65 ng/ml
), ArticleFig(id=1207751292064211501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Imaging andperioperative data of patients with normal plasma free MNs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病例肿瘤位置肿瘤最大直径(cm)功能影像学检查典型影像学表现肿瘤出血坏死术前药物准备手术方式Ki-67(%)
1左侧肾上腺1.468Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (+), 131I-MIBG (+), 18F-FDG PET-CT (+)酚苄明腹腔镜2
2右侧肾上腺4.1酚苄明腹腔镜2
3左侧肾上腺1.768Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (+)酚苄明腹腔镜1
4腹膜后4.7酚苄明开腹手术5
5腹膜后4.0酚苄明腹腔镜1
6腹膜后5.4131I-MIBG (+)酚苄明腹腔镜3
7腹膜后3.568Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (-)酚苄明腹腔镜2
8腹膜后3.018F-FDG PET-CT (+)腹腔镜3
9腹膜后7.3开腹手术5
10右侧肾上腺3.018F-FDG PET-CT (+)未手术
), ArticleFig(id=1207751292164874801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283323281513, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

血浆游离MNs正常PPGL患者的影像学及围手术期资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病例肿瘤位置肿瘤最大直径(cm)功能影像学检查典型影像学表现肿瘤出血坏死术前药物准备手术方式Ki-67(%)
1左侧肾上腺1.468Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (+), 131I-MIBG (+), 18F-FDG PET-CT (+)酚苄明腹腔镜2
2右侧肾上腺4.1酚苄明腹腔镜2
3左侧肾上腺1.768Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (+)酚苄明腹腔镜1
4腹膜后4.7酚苄明开腹手术5
5腹膜后4.0酚苄明腹腔镜1
6腹膜后5.4131I-MIBG (+)酚苄明腹腔镜3
7腹膜后3.568Ga-Dotatate PET-CT (-)酚苄明腹腔镜2
8腹膜后3.018F-FDG PET-CT (+)腹腔镜3
9腹膜后7.3开腹手术5
10右侧肾上腺3.018F-FDG PET-CT (+)未手术
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血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质正常的嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤患者的临床特点分析
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尹雅琪 1 , 陈康 1, * , 安平 1 , 吕雪彩 2 , 苏小凤 3 , 张艳凤 4 , 李一君 1 , 臧丽 1 , 杜锦 1 , 裴育 1 , 王先令 1 , 郭清华 1 , 巴建明 1 , 谷伟军 1 , 窦京涛 1 , 吕朝晖 1 , 母义明 1
解放军医学杂志 | 肾上腺疾病专题研究 2022,47(7): 653-659
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解放军医学杂志 | 肾上腺疾病专题研究 2022, 47(7): 653-659
血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质正常的嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤患者的临床特点分析
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尹雅琪1, 陈康1, * , 安平1, 吕雪彩2, 苏小凤3, 张艳凤4, 李一君1, 臧丽1, 杜锦1, 裴育1, 王先令1, 郭清华1, 巴建明1, 谷伟军1, 窦京涛1, 吕朝晖1, 母义明1
作者信息
  • 1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853
  • 2解放军总医院第一医学中心麻醉科,北京 100853
  • 3遵义市播州区团溪镇中心卫生院,贵州遵义 563131
  • 4南开大学医学院,天津 300071
  • 尹雅琪,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事内分泌代谢疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈康,E-mail:
Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients with normal plasma free metanephrines
Ya-Qi Yin1, Kang Chen1, * , Ping An1, Xue-Cai Lv2, Xiao-Feng Su3, Yan-Feng Zhang4, Yi-Jun Li1, Li Zang1, Jin Du1, Yu Pei1, Xian-Ling Wang1, Qing-Hua Guo1, Jian-Ming Ba1, Wei-Jun Gu1, Jing-Tao Dou1, Zhao-Hui Lv1, Yi-Ming Mu1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 3Central Health Center of Tuanxi Town, Bozhou District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563131, China
  • 4School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
出版时间: 2022-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0653
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目的 分析嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤(PPGL)患者中血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质(MNs)正常者的临床特点,为该类患者的诊疗提出建议。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2021年4月在解放军总医院第一医学中心就诊的99例PPGL患者,其中98例经病理证实为PPGL,1例为临床诊断希佩尔-林道综合征(VHL综合征)。所有患者均检测血浆游离MNs,按照MNs水平分为MNs正常的PPGL患者(MNs正常组,n=10)与MNs升高的PPGL患者(MNs升高组,n=89),比较两组患者临床表现、影像学特点、术前准备、术中血压波动等方面的差异。结果 MNs正常组患者典型三联征发生率与MNs升高组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但恶心、呕吐的发生率稍高于MNs升高组(40.0% vs. 13.5%,P=0.031)。MNs正常组腹膜后副神经节瘤比例明显高于MNs升高组(60.0% vs. 20.2%,P=0.027),具有PPGL典型影像学表现(70.0% vs. 92.1%,P=0.028)及肿瘤坏死(40.0% vs.71.9%,P=0.039)的比例明显低于MNs升高组。10例血MNs正常的PPGL患者中,2例尿甲氧基肾上腺素(MN)或甲氧基酪胺(3-MT)轻度升高,8例肿瘤最大直径≥3 cm,7例CT或MRI提示肿瘤具有较为典型的PPGL影像学特征,6例患者功能影像学检查阳性。结论 血MNs正常不能作为排除PPGL的充分依据;对于可疑PPGL的患者,如血MNs正常,建议加测尿MNs及3-MT等指标。功能影像学检查对PPGL的诊断具有重要价值。

嗜铬细胞瘤  /  副神经节瘤  /  甲氧基肾上腺素  /  甲氧基去甲肾上腺素

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients with normal level of plasma free metanephrines (MNs), and offer a proposal for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 99 patients hospitalized from January 2019 to April 2021 and diagnosed as PPGL, of which 98 patients were pathologically confirmed as PPGL and 1 patient was clinically diagnosed as Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.Plasma free MNs were detected, and according to the MNs level, all the patients were divided into PPGL with normal MNs group(n=10) and PPGL with elevated MNs group (n=89). The differences were contrasted and analyzed between the two groups in clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics, preoperative preparation and intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation. Results No significant difference was detected in the incidence of typical triad between the two groups, but the incidence of nausea and vomiting in PPGL with normal MNs group was higher (40.0% vs. 13.5%, P=0.031). The proportion of retroperitoneal paraganglioma was obviously higher in PPGL with normal MNs group than in PPGL with elevated MNs group (60.0% vs. 20.2%, P=0.027), and the proportion of patients possessing typical PPGL imaging manifestations (70.0% vs. 92.1%, P=0.028) and tumor necrosis (40.0% vs.71.9%, P=0.039) was lower in PPGL with normal MNs group than in PPGL with elevated MNs group. Among 10 patients in PPGL with normal MNs group, 2 cases had slightly increased urinary metanephrine (MN) or 3-MT, and the maximum diameter of tumor in 8 cases was ≥3 cm. CT or MRI showed that tumors with typical PPGL imaging features in 7 cases, and functional imaging was positive in 6 cases. Conclusions Normal plasma MNs can not be used as sufficient exclusion of PPGL diagnosis. For patients suspected with PPGL, when normal MNs are obtained, it is recommended to measure extra indexes such as 24 h urine MNs and 3-MT.In addition, functional imaging is of great value in this condition.

pheochromocytoma  /  paraganglioma  /  metanephrine  /  normetanephrine
尹雅琪, 陈康, 安平, 吕雪彩, 苏小凤, 张艳凤, 李一君, 臧丽, 杜锦, 裴育, 王先令, 郭清华, 巴建明, 谷伟军, 窦京涛, 吕朝晖, 母义明. 血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质正常的嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤患者的临床特点分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (7) : 653 -659 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0653
Ya-Qi Yin, Kang Chen, Ping An, Xue-Cai Lv, Xiao-Feng Su, Yan-Feng Zhang, Yi-Jun Li, Li Zang, Jin Du, Yu Pei, Xian-Ling Wang, Qing-Hua Guo, Jian-Ming Ba, Wei-Jun Gu, Jing-Tao Dou, Zhao-Hui Lv, Yi-Ming Mu. Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients with normal plasma free metanephrines[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (7) : 653 -659 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0653
嗜铬细胞瘤(pheochromocytoma,PCC)和副神经节瘤(paraganglioma,PGL)是嗜铬组织来源的神经内分泌肿瘤,前者起源于肾上腺,后者起源于腹部肾上腺外、盆腔的交感组织及头颈部的副交感组织。PCC和PGL均可分泌儿茶酚胺(catecholamine,CA),根据分泌量、分泌内容的不同,患者可出现高血压、心脑血管急慢性并发症甚至危及生命,部分患者亦可无明显症状[1]。根据中外指南建议,临床症状可疑及影像学检查发现肾上腺或腹膜后肿瘤的患者首先需进行内分泌评估,而血浆游离甲氧基肾上腺素类物质(metanephrines,MNs)则因敏感度、特异度较高而成为生化检测的一线指标[2-3]。据报道,血浆游离MNs诊断嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤(PPGL)的敏感度高达96%~99%[4-5]。尽管如此,临床中仍不断发现MNs正常的PPGL患者,给该病的诊断带来了一定困难,也增加了手术治疗的风险。本研究回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的PPGL患者的临床资料,对比分析MNs正常患者与MNs升高患者在临床症状、激素分泌水平、肿瘤影像学特征等方面的差异,以为该病的临床诊治提供参考。
收集2019年1月-2021年4月因肾上腺区占位于解放军总医院第一医学中心就诊并接受手术治疗的患者,纳入术后病理明确诊断为PPGL且术前检测血甲氧基肾上腺素(MN)、甲氧基去甲肾上腺素(NMN)者99例,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中,经免疫组化证实PCC患者63例,腹膜后PGL患者24例,经病理或基因检测证实为多发性内分泌腺瘤病(multiple endocrine neoplasia,MEN)综合征患者7例,希佩尔-林道综合征(Von Hippel-Lindau disease,VHL综合征)患者4例,另1例VHL综合征患者为临床诊断。本研究获解放军总医院第一医学中心伦理委员会批准(S2020-493-01)。
收集所有患者的性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、血压、就诊原因、临床症状、家族史等信息,记录血尿MN、NMN、甲氧基酪胺(3-MT)及血嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)等生化检查结果,查阅肾上腺及腹膜后占位影像学资料、手术记录、麻醉记录及术后病理结果,以及患者的术前准备、术中血压波动等情况。三联征定义为阵发性头痛、心悸、大汗。血、尿MNs及3-MT应用液相色谱串联质谱仪进行检测,参考范围为:血MN≤420.9 pmol/L,血NMN≤709.7 pmol/L,血3-MT≤100 pmol/L;尿MN<216 nmol/24 h,尿NMN<312 nmol/24 h,尿3-MT<382 nmol/24 h。根据血MNs水平将研究人群分为MNs正常组(n=10)与MNs升高组(n=89)。在本院首次行内分泌功能评估时,血MN或NMN中任一指标高于正常范围上限即定义为血MNs升高。CgA应用放射免疫法进行检测,正常范围为19.4~98.1 µg/L。PPGL典型影像学表现定义为肾上腺CT检查显示瘤体不均匀强化和(或)肾上腺MRI检查提示瘤体延迟持续不均匀强化,T2高信号及化学位移成像脂肪信号压低不明显[2, 6-8]。PPGL功能性影像学检查包括间位碘苄胍扫描(131I-MIBG)及生长抑素受体显像68Ga-Dotatate PET-CT,阳性定义为可疑病灶处造影剂摄取阳性。
比较两组患者在临床表现、影像学特点、术前准备、术中血压波动等方面的差异,并进一步分析MNs正常组患者的临床表现、生化指标、影像学特征及围手术期情况。
采用Empower States及R软件进行统计分析。经单样本S-W检验符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;非正态分布资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;理论数1≤T<5的分类变量组间比较采用连续校正χ2检验,理论数<10时采用Fisher精确概率法检验。均为双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
99例PPGL患者中血MNs正常者10例(占10.1%)。两组患者在性别、年龄、BMI、高血压比例及阳性家族史方面无明显差异,但MNs正常组患者PGL的占比明显高于MNs升高组(P=0.027)。在临床表现方面,两组患者病程中出现头痛、心悸、大汗等症状的比例以及出现三联征的比例差异无统计学意义,但MNs正常组患者中出现恶心、呕吐的比例稍高于MNs升高组(P=0.031,表1)。
在影像学表现上,由于MNs正常组多数为PGL患者,因此腹膜后占位比例较高(P=0.016),肿瘤最大直径两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.134),但MNs正常组瘤体表现出典型PPGL特征(P=0.028)及出现液化坏死(P=0.039)的比例明显低于MNs升高组。由于MNs正常组术前被误诊为无功能占位的可能性更大,该组患者进行术前药物准备的比例明显低于MNs升高组(P=0.014),但两组患者术中收缩压>160 mmHg或200 mmHg的比例及术后病理结果中肿瘤增殖相关指标Ki-67的分布情况差异无统计学意义(表2)。
血MNs正常的10例PPGL患者中,男7例,女3例。术后3例明确诊断为PCC或混合PCC(例2患者病理结果示瘤体部分为嗜铬细胞瘤,部分为节细胞神经瘤/成熟中型),6例明确诊断为PGL,1例临床诊断为VHL综合征。10例患者中5例术前有PPGL典型的临床表现,其中3例有发作性血压升高,且血NMN处于正常偏高水平。10例中1例患者尿3-MT水平轻度升高,1例尿MN水平轻度升高。7例肾上腺或腹膜后占位符合PPGL典型的影像学表现,4例瘤体存在液化坏死。10例中有4例行131I-MIBG扫描或68Ga-Dotatate PET-CT功能影像学检查,其中3例阳性,1例阴性。3例患者(例7、8、9)术前诊断为无功能瘤,术后均证实为PGL;3例中有2例患者病程中有头痛、心悸、大汗等临床表现,腹膜后占位符合PPGL的影像学特征,其中1例血MNs、3-MT均处于正常范围,尿MNs及3-MT未见异常,68Ga-Dotatate PET-CT也未见阳性征象。3例诊断无功能瘤的患者中仅1例口服酚苄明进行术前准备,另2例直接行手术治疗,其中1例患者于普通外科首诊,术前诊断十二指肠来源间质瘤,手术过程中血压骤升至230/110 mmHg,术中输血500 ml,术后转入ICU进一步治疗。血MNs正常的例10临床诊断为VHL综合征。该患者病程中无PPGL典型的临床表现,查血MNs及3-MT均在正常范围内,神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)轻度升高。腹部MRI提示双肾多发富血供含脂质肿块,考虑为肾透明细胞癌;右侧肾上腺区多血供肿块,髓质期及延迟期病灶持续强化,考虑嗜铬细胞瘤可能;胰腺多发囊肿,胰头区结节,考虑神经内分泌肿瘤可能;考虑患者多脏器、多发且良、恶性肿瘤病变共存,符合VHL综合征的影像学表现。结合患者有幼年颅脑手术病史,不除外神经血管母细胞瘤可能,遂最终临床诊断为VHL综合征。该患者就诊时已出现多发转移,一般状况差,后续未进一步行手术治疗(表34)。
既往研究发现,血MNs诊断PPGL的敏感度高达96%~99%[4-5],但即便如此,仍存在MNs正常的PPGL患者,而该指标诊断的高敏感度可能导致临床医师在指标正常时轻易除外PPGL,从而增加了此类患者发生并发症及术中高血压急症的风险。近年来,越来越多MNs正常PPGL病例被相继报道,其中不乏一些较大样本研究。Heavner等[9]汇总分析了78例嗜铬细胞瘤患者,其中7例(约9%)术前MNs处于正常范围。曹万里等[10]对189例PPGL患者进行研究发现,24例(12.7%)患者术前血MNs正常,而北京大学第一医院刘鹭等[8]针对104例散发PPGL患者的研究显示,MNs正常者8例,占7.7%。然而,在一些更早期的报道中,MNs正常的比例远低于此。Lenders等[11]发现,76例遗传性嗜铬细胞瘤患者中仅2例MNs正常,138例散发嗜铬细胞瘤患者中仅1例游离MNs正常。引起上述差异的原因考虑与指标检测方法、正常范围界定以及纳入研究人群的不同有关。随着质谱检测技术的快速发展,MNs检测方法已由高效液相色谱分析法逐步过渡到灵敏度、特异度更高的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)。美国梅奥诊所采用LC-MS/MS检测方法界定的游离MN上限为0.50 nmol/L,NMN上限为0.90 nmol/L[12]。上海瑞金医院的研究显示,血浆游离MN及NMN浓度在0.4 nmol/L及0.8 nmol/L时,诊断PPGL的敏感度、特异度分别可达95%、90%及51%、90%[13]
本研究采用指南推荐的LC-MS/MS检测方法,同时考虑我中心患者年龄组成[14-15]、卧位采血情况[16],并参考国内外研究的正常标准及第三方检测机构的建议,最终以420.9 pmol/L作为MN正常范围上限,709.7 pmol/L作为NMN正常范围上限,所得MNs正常者比例为10.1%。除上述因素外,影响不同研究中心MNs正常患者比例的另一重要原因是研究人群的差异。刘鹭等[8]纳入的研究人群为散发PPGL患者,而曹万里等[10]及本研究人群则同时包括散发、家族性PPGL及遗传综合征患者。研究显示,散发性PGL患者血、尿儿茶酚胺水平正常的比例为8%~9%,而遗传性PGL中该比例可达21%~31%[11]。Timmers等[17]曾报道4例琥珀酸脱氢酶亚单位B(SDHB)基因突变患者,均表现为生化静寂性腹膜后PGL,而造成该现象的原因考虑与酪氨酸羟化酶缺陷引起儿茶酚胺合成障碍有关。
鉴于临床上MNs正常的PPGL患者易被误诊、漏诊,继而增加手术及并发症发生风险,因此,加强对此类患者的识别至关重要。本研究中10例MNs正常患者在经过临床症状、生化检测、影像学及功能影像学评估后,50%以上可找到支持PPGL诊断的证据,如对所有患者进行全面排查,该比例有望进一步提升。研究中有1例外科首诊MNs正常的PPGL患者,病程中无典型临床症状,虽瘤体影像学表现符合PPGL典型的影像学特征,但由于术前MNs正常而轻易除外PPGL诊断,未复查血MNs或加测尿MNs、3-MT等指标,亦未行功能影像学排查。最终,在未行术前药物准备的情况下切除瘤体,造成术中血压剧烈波动。因此,对于此类患者,除血MNs外,还应检测尿MNs、多巴胺代谢产物3-MT[18-19]等指标,肿瘤标记物的轻度升高也可能有一定指示作用[20]。此时,功能影像学检查异常重要,其作为解剖影像学的重要补充,可提供肿瘤的功能信息[21],其中18F-FDG PET-CT及生长抑素受体显像PET-CT在检出小直径、多发、异位病灶,评估转移、复发方面具有明显优势[22-25],后者还可为肽类受体放射性核素治疗提供疗效预判[26]。50岁以下患者可考虑对RETVHLSDHx等基因进行检测[27]。经临床症状、生化检测、功能影像学排查后仍无法明确诊断的可疑PPGL患者,建议予α受体阻滞剂,必要时加用β受体阻滞剂进行术前准备,以避免术中可能出现的血流动力学剧烈波动[28]。但有研究发现,分泌多巴胺的PGL对血管的影响主要为舒张作用,应用α受体阻滞剂有致心力衰竭的风险,因此需注意区别对待[29-30]
综上所述,本研究结果提示,对于临床怀疑PPGL的患者,血MNs检测正常不能作为排除诊断的充分依据,必要时需加测尿MNs及3-MT等指标,部分非特异指标如肿瘤标记物等也可能有所帮助。此外,功能影像学检查对PPGL的诊断具有重要价值,对PPGL残留、复发、转移灶的检出也具有明显优势。对MNs正常的PPGL患者建议进行术前药物准备,但分泌多巴胺的患者应区别对待,以避免引起心力衰竭。由于本研究为单中心、回顾性研究,样本量有限,结果可能存在偏倚,未来仍需多中心、大样本研究以提供进一步的临床证据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81900704)
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2022年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0653
  • 接收时间:2021-11-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-16
  • 出版时间:2022-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-18
  • 录用日期:2022-02-06
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900704)
国家自然科学基金(81900704)
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    1解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京 100853
    2解放军总医院第一医学中心麻醉科,北京 100853
    3遵义市播州区团溪镇中心卫生院,贵州遵义 563131
    4南开大学医学院,天津 300071

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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