Article(id=1207751283302306272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207751280789921836, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0709, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1637251200000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1643126400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-01-26, onlineDate=1765879944873, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1658937600000, pubDateStr=2022-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765879944873, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765879944873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879944873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207751280789921836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='639', pageEnd='744', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765879944274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765879944274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=709, endPage=716, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207751283671405028, articleId=1207751283302306272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of cyclic management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main goal on the short term prognosis of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect of circulatory management strategy with regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rScO2) and central venous-arterial differential pressure of carbon dioxide (Pcv-aCO2) as the main targets on the short term prognosis of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Methods A total of 72 children with CCHD aged 0-1 year,who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2020 to June 2021, were selected as research objects, and randomly divided into control group (n=36)and intervention group (n=36). The control group was implemented with traditional circulation management strategy, while the intervention group was implemented the individualized circulation management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main targets. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of endotracheal intubation opening the arteries and veins (T1), 5 minutes after clipping of ascending aorta (T2), 5 minutes after opening of ascending aorta (T3), end of ultrafiltration (T4), 3 hours after end of CPB (T5),8 hours after end of CPB (T6) and 24 hours after end of CPB (T7) of the two groups of children were recorded, respectively, as well as the pharyngeal temperature (T), hemoglobin (Hb), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO2), rScO2, Pcv-aCO2, arterial blood lactate (Lac) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), CPB time, operation time, extubation time, ICU stay time, discharge time, and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung infection, and respiratory failure. Results No significant difference existed in MAP, T, Hb and SaO2 between the two groups at T1-T7 (P>0.05). Compared with control group, PaCO2 in the intervention group was significantly increased at T2, T3, T6 and T7, rScO2 was significantly increased at T3-T6(P<0.05), and Pcv-aCO2 was significantly decreased at T1-T7 (P<0.05), Lac levels were significantly decreased at T3 and T5 (P<0.05),and ScvO2 levels were significantly decreased at T2 and T3 (P<0.05). No significant difference existed in CPB time, operation time,extubation time, postoperative pulmonary infection and respiratory failure rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The ICU stay time and hospital stay time were significantly shorter in intervention group than in control group [(5.67±1.50) d vs. (7.28±2.11) d,P<0.05; (14.67±3.41) d vs. (19.00±2.63) d, P<0.05], the incidence of postoperative AKI was significantly lower than the control group [25.0% (9/36) vs. 50.0% (18/36), P<0.05]. Conclusion The individualized circulatory management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main targets in the perioperative period can significantly improve the short term prognosis of children with CCHD.

, correspAuthors=Ming-Long Gao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨以局部脑氧饱和度(rScO2)和中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(Pcv-aCO2)为主要目标的循环管理策略对紫绀型先心病(CCHD)患儿近期预后的影响。方法 纳入2020年10月-2021年6月在解放军总医院第七医学中心于体外循环(CPB)下接受心脏手术的72例0~1岁CCHD患儿,随机分为对照组(n=36)与干预组(n=36)。对照组实施传统循环管理策略,干预组实施以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略。记录并比较两组患儿气管插管开放动静脉后(T1)、升主动脉夹闭后5 min (T2)、升主动脉开放后5 min (T3)、超滤结束(T4)、CPB结束后3 h (T5)、CPB结束后8 h (T6)、CPB结束后24 h (T7)的平均动脉压(MAP)、咽温(T)、血红蛋白(Hb)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、动脉血乳酸(Lac)和中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2),CPB时间、手术时间、拔管时间、ICU停留时间、出院时间,以及急性肾损伤(AKI)、肺部感染、呼吸衰竭的发生情况等。结果 两组患儿T1-T7时MAP、T、Hb、SaO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,干预组患儿PaCO2在T2、T3、T6、T7时明显增高,rScO2在T3-T6时明显增高(P<0.05),Pcv-aCO2在T1-T7时明显降低(P<0.05),Lac水平在T3、T5时明显降低(P<0.05),ScvO2在T2、T3时明显降低(P<0.05)。两组CPB时间、手术时间、拔管时间及术后肺部感染、呼吸衰竭的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组ICU停留时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(5.67±1.50) d vs. (7.28±2.11) d,P<0.05;(14.67±3.41) d vs.(19.00±2.63) d,P<0.05],术后AKI发生率明显低于对照组[25.0%(9/36) vs.50.0%(18/36),P<0.05]。结论 围手术期以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略对CCHD患儿的近期预后具有明显改善作用。

, correspAuthors=高明龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高明龙,E-mail:
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王影,硕士研究生,主要从事婴幼儿体外循环下器官保护方面的研究

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王影,硕士研究生,主要从事婴幼儿体外循环下器官保护方面的研究

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Jilin Med J, 2021, 42(2): 500-501., articleTitle=Analysis and nursing of 120 cases of pulmonary infection after pediatric cardiac surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208039428971401948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=500, pageEnd=501, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=25, authorNames=张栋, journalName=吉林医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[张栋. 120例小儿心脏外科术后合并肺部感染的分析与护理[J]. 吉林医学, 2021, 42(2): 500-501.], articleTitle=120例小儿心脏外科术后合并肺部感染的分析与护理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208039429038510813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=10, pageStart=1473, pageEnd=1475, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Hu GY, Ding L, Zhang F, journalName=Anhui Med J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu GY, Ding L, Zhang F, et al. Study on the postoperative respiratory function failure in infants and young children with congential herat disease[J]. Anhui Med J, 2013, 34(10): 1473-1475., articleTitle=Study on the postoperative respiratory function failure in infants and young children with congential herat disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1208039429101425376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=10, pageStart=1473, pageEnd=1475, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=27, authorNames=胡根源, 丁力, 张峰, journalName=安徽医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[胡根源, 丁力, 张峰, 等. 婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后呼吸功能衰竭的危险因素分析[J]. 安徽医学, 2013, 34(10):1473-1475.], articleTitle=婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后呼吸功能衰竭的危险因素分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208039425632735899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, awardId=2020-2-5092, language=EN, fundingSource=Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2-5092), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208039425745982109, 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articleId=1207751283302306272, companyId=1208039420851229190, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Department of Anesthesiology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208039420868006408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, companyId=1208039420851229190, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4解放军总医院第七医学中心麻醉科,北京 100700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208039424500273785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Traditional circulation management strategies, figureFileSmall=UqZ3h/x4m5PQRUgyOXYLwQ==, figureFileBig=p0/z+KI1k77HLzTW3EtGrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208039424617714300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=CN, label=图1, caption=传统循环管理策略

MAP. 平均动脉压;PaCO2. 动脉血二氧化碳分压;Hb. 血红蛋白;Lac. 乳酸;ScvO2. 中心静脉血氧饱和度

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MAP. 平均动脉压;SaO2. 动脉血氧饱和度;PaCO2. 动脉血二氧化碳分压;Hb. 血红蛋白;Pcv-aCO2. 中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差;MRI. 磁共振成像

, figureFileSmall=heEryxOAOSHliV1Fdsf7Vg==, figureFileBig=CAO8xZtzZOLvQ4Yj3IOTsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208039424881955460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of the general data between the two groups of CCHD children (n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组干预组t2P
男/女(例)16/2018/180.2230.637
月龄(月,$\bar{x}±s$)3.3±2.73.3±3.00.2250.823
体重(kg, $\bar{x}±s$)4.7±1.14.5±1.90.2250.823
先心病类型[例(%)]  0.4870.784
 TOF12(33.3)14(38.9)
 TAPVD17(47.2)17(47.2)
 TGA7(19.4)5(13.9)
SpO2(%, $\bar{x}±s$)85.5±5.285.3±4.50.1030.918
LVEF(%, $\bar{x}±s$)63.4±4.562.6±5.90.7360.467
), ArticleFig(id=1208039424970035847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组CCHD患儿一般情况比较(n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组干预组t2P
男/女(例)16/2018/180.2230.637
月龄(月,$\bar{x}±s$)3.3±2.73.3±3.00.2250.823
体重(kg, $\bar{x}±s$)4.7±1.14.5±1.90.2250.823
先心病类型[例(%)]  0.4870.784
 TOF12(33.3)14(38.9)
 TAPVD17(47.2)17(47.2)
 TGA7(19.4)5(13.9)
SpO2(%, $\bar{x}±s$)85.5±5.285.3±4.50.1030.918
LVEF(%, $\bar{x}±s$)63.4±4.562.6±5.90.7360.467
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425037144713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of perioperative management-related indicators between the two groups of CCHD children ($\bar{x}±s$,n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组干预组tP
术中尿量(ml)45.0±15.140.6±9.90.9690.340
术中出血量(ml)31.3±6.233.8±8.30.9860.341
醋酸钠林格注射液(ml)64.4±24.659.1±11.80.7990.442
悬浮红细胞(ml)45.63±7.2746.25±6.190.7850.439
血浆(ml)77.5±43.775.0±31.20.1860.854
CPB时间(min)116.0±36.2100.4±42.10.7760.449
手术时间(min)210.6±60.3191.1±42.31.1290.267
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425125225100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组CCHD患儿围手术期管理相关指标比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组干预组tP
术中尿量(ml)45.0±15.140.6±9.90.9690.340
术中出血量(ml)31.3±6.233.8±8.30.9860.341
醋酸钠林格注射液(ml)64.4±24.659.1±11.80.7990.442
悬浮红细胞(ml)45.63±7.2746.25±6.190.7850.439
血浆(ml)77.5±43.775.0±31.20.1860.854
CPB时间(min)116.0±36.2100.4±42.10.7760.449
手术时间(min)210.6±60.3191.1±42.31.1290.267
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425213305487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of MAP, T, Hb, SaO2 and PaCO2 at different time points between the two groups of CCHD children ($\bar{x}±s$, n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标T1T2T3T4T5T6T7
MAP(mmHg)
 对照组55.00±10.4544.50±7.0153.61±9.0856.28±7.0064.50±5.9765.56±4.4464.50±2.62
 干预组56.11±13.0844.28±11.9352.33±14.5459.22±14.0563.28±15.3165.89±13.2262.33±9.46
T(℃)
 对照组36.60±0.6431.00±1.8634.62±1.2936.61±0.5036.71±0.4536.68±0.2136.78±0.26
 干预组36.27±0.8232.72±1.5335.35±1.4536.34±0.7836.52±0.7136.53±0.6936.41±0.56
Hb(g/L)
 对照组118.83±20.7075.17±3.9092.56±2.20123.38±9.40123.44±18.49117.33±18.46113.11±12.26
 干预组112.83±21.3893.56±21.03107.22±21.28128.28±23.30125.22±15.84132.44±15.14124.56±15.88
SaO2(%)
 对照组93.83±5.06100.00±0.00100.00±0.0098.61±2.4098.56±1.5098.61±1.4298.61±1.09
 干预组92.56±11.85100.00±1.0899.00±0.4798.50±2.4299.50±3.5099.00±1.7199.00±4.65
PaCO2(mmHg)
 对照组48.61±7.4335.29±3.2033.17±2.8337.83±3.9435.89±5.1435.50±3.5535.33±4.42
 干预组46.56±7.0939.83±6.76(1)37.56±7.60(1)39.22±6.4937.56±7.3438.98±5.66(1)41.17±6.09(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425292997266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组CCHD患儿不同时间点MAP、T、Hb、SaO2及PaCO2比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标T1T2T3T4T5T6T7
MAP(mmHg)
 对照组55.00±10.4544.50±7.0153.61±9.0856.28±7.0064.50±5.9765.56±4.4464.50±2.62
 干预组56.11±13.0844.28±11.9352.33±14.5459.22±14.0563.28±15.3165.89±13.2262.33±9.46
T(℃)
 对照组36.60±0.6431.00±1.8634.62±1.2936.61±0.5036.71±0.4536.68±0.2136.78±0.26
 干预组36.27±0.8232.72±1.5335.35±1.4536.34±0.7836.52±0.7136.53±0.6936.41±0.56
Hb(g/L)
 对照组118.83±20.7075.17±3.9092.56±2.20123.38±9.40123.44±18.49117.33±18.46113.11±12.26
 干预组112.83±21.3893.56±21.03107.22±21.28128.28±23.30125.22±15.84132.44±15.14124.56±15.88
SaO2(%)
 对照组93.83±5.06100.00±0.00100.00±0.0098.61±2.4098.56±1.5098.61±1.4298.61±1.09
 干预组92.56±11.85100.00±1.0899.00±0.4798.50±2.4299.50±3.5099.00±1.7199.00±4.65
PaCO2(mmHg)
 对照组48.61±7.4335.29±3.2033.17±2.8337.83±3.9435.89±5.1435.50±3.5535.33±4.42
 干预组46.56±7.0939.83±6.76(1)37.56±7.60(1)39.22±6.4937.56±7.3438.98±5.66(1)41.17±6.09(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425381077654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of rScO2, Pcv-aCO2, Lac and ScvO2 at different time points between the two groups of CCHD children ($\bar{x}±s$,n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
rScO2(%)
T1T2T3T4T5T6T7
 对照组56.92±4.6456.24±3.7350.43±4.62(1)47.96±3.45(1)51.13±4.59(1)(2)51.58±3.98(1)(2)56.31±3.67(2)
 干预组
Pcv-aCO2(mmHg)
56.90±3.6557.60±2.9956.65±3.41(3)55.94±3.86(3)55.73±4.45(3)55.96±4.32(3)56.94±3.91
 对照组9.22±5.547.94±3.5710.00±3.1111.44±4.9111.00±5.0412.28±4.47(1)11.78±3.35
 干预组
Lac(mmol/L)
7.33±4.21(3)5.44±2.23(3)6.11±2.35(3)7.17±1.58(3)6.17±1.76(3)6.94±2.15(3)7.22±1.35(3)
 对照组0.79±0.233.07±0.87(1)4.04±1.10(1)2.56±0.60(1)2.79±0.67(1)1.93±0.37(1)(2)1.84±0.88(1)(2)
 干预组
ScvO2(%)
0.84±0.332.80±1.203.01±0.82(3)2.66±0.52(1)2.31±0.51(1)(3)1.84±0.45(1)(2)1.47±0.37(1)(2)
 对照组77.25±5.8785.33±9.70(1)85.50±7.21(1)65.28±16.50(1)64.44±15.01(1)59.50±13.70(1)(2)72.00±11.96(2)
 干预组72.56±9.8571.44±13.86(3)65.28±17.49(3)63.44±15.01(1)63.00±14.73(1)64.83±13.31(1)66.72±7.06
), ArticleFig(id=1208039425460769430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207751283302306272, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组CCHD患儿不同时间点rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、Lac和ScvO2比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=36)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
rScO2(%)
T1T2T3T4T5T6T7
 对照组56.92±4.6456.24±3.7350.43±4.62(1)47.96±3.45(1)51.13±4.59(1)(2)51.58±3.98(1)(2)56.31±3.67(2)
 干预组
Pcv-aCO2(mmHg)
56.90±3.6557.60±2.9956.65±3.41(3)55.94±3.86(3)55.73±4.45(3)55.96±4.32(3)56.94±3.91
 对照组9.22±5.547.94±3.5710.00±3.1111.44±4.9111.00±5.0412.28±4.47(1)11.78±3.35
 干预组
Lac(mmol/L)
7.33±4.21(3)5.44±2.23(3)6.11±2.35(3)7.17±1.58(3)6.17±1.76(3)6.94±2.15(3)7.22±1.35(3)
 对照组0.79±0.233.07±0.87(1)4.04±1.10(1)2.56±0.60(1)2.79±0.67(1)1.93±0.37(1)(2)1.84±0.88(1)(2)
 干预组
ScvO2(%)
0.84±0.332.80±1.203.01±0.82(3)2.66±0.52(1)2.31±0.51(1)(3)1.84±0.45(1)(2)1.47±0.37(1)(2)
 对照组77.25±5.8785.33±9.70(1)85.50±7.21(1)65.28±16.50(1)64.44±15.01(1)59.50±13.70(1)(2)72.00±11.96(2)
 干预组72.56±9.8571.44±13.86(3)65.28±17.49(3)63.44±15.01(1)63.00±14.73(1)64.83±13.31(1)66.72±7.06
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以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的循环管理策略对紫绀型先心病患儿近期预后的影响
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王影 1 , 刘永哲 2 , 陈艺舟 1 , 吴伟 3 , 洪小杨 3 , 高明龙 1, 4, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(7): 709-716
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(7): 709-716
以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的循环管理策略对紫绀型先心病患儿近期预后的影响
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王影1, 刘永哲2, 陈艺舟1, 吴伟3, 洪小杨3, 高明龙1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学麻醉学院,山西太原 030000
  • 2解放军总医院第三医学中心麻醉科,北京 100039
  • 3解放军总医院第七医学中心儿童重症监护病房,北京 100700
  • 4解放军总医院第七医学中心麻醉科,北京 100700
  • 王影,硕士研究生,主要从事婴幼儿体外循环下器官保护方面的研究

通讯作者:

高明龙,E-mail:
Effect of cyclic management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main goal on the short term prognosis of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Ying Wang1, Yong-Zhe Liu2, Yi-Zhou Chen1, Wei Wu3, Xiao-Yang Hong3, Ming-Long Gao1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
  • 4Department of Anesthesiology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2022-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0709
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目的 探讨以局部脑氧饱和度(rScO2)和中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(Pcv-aCO2)为主要目标的循环管理策略对紫绀型先心病(CCHD)患儿近期预后的影响。方法 纳入2020年10月-2021年6月在解放军总医院第七医学中心于体外循环(CPB)下接受心脏手术的72例0~1岁CCHD患儿,随机分为对照组(n=36)与干预组(n=36)。对照组实施传统循环管理策略,干预组实施以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略。记录并比较两组患儿气管插管开放动静脉后(T1)、升主动脉夹闭后5 min (T2)、升主动脉开放后5 min (T3)、超滤结束(T4)、CPB结束后3 h (T5)、CPB结束后8 h (T6)、CPB结束后24 h (T7)的平均动脉压(MAP)、咽温(T)、血红蛋白(Hb)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、动脉血乳酸(Lac)和中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2),CPB时间、手术时间、拔管时间、ICU停留时间、出院时间,以及急性肾损伤(AKI)、肺部感染、呼吸衰竭的发生情况等。结果 两组患儿T1-T7时MAP、T、Hb、SaO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,干预组患儿PaCO2在T2、T3、T6、T7时明显增高,rScO2在T3-T6时明显增高(P<0.05),Pcv-aCO2在T1-T7时明显降低(P<0.05),Lac水平在T3、T5时明显降低(P<0.05),ScvO2在T2、T3时明显降低(P<0.05)。两组CPB时间、手术时间、拔管时间及术后肺部感染、呼吸衰竭的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组ICU停留时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(5.67±1.50) d vs. (7.28±2.11) d,P<0.05;(14.67±3.41) d vs.(19.00±2.63) d,P<0.05],术后AKI发生率明显低于对照组[25.0%(9/36) vs.50.0%(18/36),P<0.05]。结论 围手术期以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略对CCHD患儿的近期预后具有明显改善作用。

先天性心脏病  /  传统循环管理策略  /  个体化循环管理策略  /  体外循环  /  近期预后

Objective To investigate the effect of circulatory management strategy with regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rScO2) and central venous-arterial differential pressure of carbon dioxide (Pcv-aCO2) as the main targets on the short term prognosis of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Methods A total of 72 children with CCHD aged 0-1 year,who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2020 to June 2021, were selected as research objects, and randomly divided into control group (n=36)and intervention group (n=36). The control group was implemented with traditional circulation management strategy, while the intervention group was implemented the individualized circulation management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main targets. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of endotracheal intubation opening the arteries and veins (T1), 5 minutes after clipping of ascending aorta (T2), 5 minutes after opening of ascending aorta (T3), end of ultrafiltration (T4), 3 hours after end of CPB (T5),8 hours after end of CPB (T6) and 24 hours after end of CPB (T7) of the two groups of children were recorded, respectively, as well as the pharyngeal temperature (T), hemoglobin (Hb), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO2), rScO2, Pcv-aCO2, arterial blood lactate (Lac) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), CPB time, operation time, extubation time, ICU stay time, discharge time, and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung infection, and respiratory failure. Results No significant difference existed in MAP, T, Hb and SaO2 between the two groups at T1-T7 (P>0.05). Compared with control group, PaCO2 in the intervention group was significantly increased at T2, T3, T6 and T7, rScO2 was significantly increased at T3-T6(P<0.05), and Pcv-aCO2 was significantly decreased at T1-T7 (P<0.05), Lac levels were significantly decreased at T3 and T5 (P<0.05),and ScvO2 levels were significantly decreased at T2 and T3 (P<0.05). No significant difference existed in CPB time, operation time,extubation time, postoperative pulmonary infection and respiratory failure rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The ICU stay time and hospital stay time were significantly shorter in intervention group than in control group [(5.67±1.50) d vs. (7.28±2.11) d,P<0.05; (14.67±3.41) d vs. (19.00±2.63) d, P<0.05], the incidence of postoperative AKI was significantly lower than the control group [25.0% (9/36) vs. 50.0% (18/36), P<0.05]. Conclusion The individualized circulatory management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main targets in the perioperative period can significantly improve the short term prognosis of children with CCHD.

congenital heart disease  /  traditional cyclic management strategy  /  individualized cycle management strategy  /  extracorporeal circulation  /  short term prognosis
王影, 刘永哲, 陈艺舟, 吴伟, 洪小杨, 高明龙. 以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的循环管理策略对紫绀型先心病患儿近期预后的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (7) : 709 -716 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0709
Ying Wang, Yong-Zhe Liu, Yi-Zhou Chen, Wei Wu, Xiao-Yang Hong, Ming-Long Gao. Effect of cyclic management strategy with rScO2 and Pcv-aCO2 as the main goal on the short term prognosis of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (7) : 709 -716 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0709
先天性心脏病患儿体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)术后,面临着低心排血量所导致的机体缺血再灌注损伤和炎症反应,可引起组织器官的微循环障碍、细胞氧利用障碍,以及氧供需失衡等问题;良好的氧供需平衡可保证重要器官灌注,减少术后并发症,尤其是对于紫绀型先心病(cyanotic congenital heart disease,CCHD)患儿[1-2]。评价全身氧供需平衡的常用监测指标为动脉血乳酸(lactate,Lac)和中心静脉血氧饱和度(central venous oxygen saturation,ScvO2),但CPB超滤结束后,动脉血Lac水平明显下降,在CPB结束至术后早期阶段已不能完全反映机体的氧供需平衡状态[3]。ScvO2可作为缺氧的生物标志物,但在CPB过程中,由于微循环功能障碍和局部组织缺氧,也不能准确反映机体的氧供需平衡状态。
新型监测指标局部脑氧饱和度(regional cerebral oxygen saturation,rScO2)已成为评估大脑氧供需平衡、脑代谢和局部脑血流的重要指标[4]。研究发现,以rScO2为主要目标导向的CPB循环管理策略可减轻脑损伤,对重要器官具有保护作用,同时能够降低输血率和死亡率[5]。中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(central venous arterial carbon oxide partial pressure difference,Pcv-aCO2)可反映全身组织氧供需平衡状态,心源性、低血容量或感染等导致的组织低灌注均表现为Pcv-aCO2升高[6]。Pcv-aCO2还可作为衡量心输出量的指标,与患儿心脏手术后住院时间延长相关的不良预后有关[1],高Pv-aCO2与更长的机械通气时间和ICU停留时间、更高的术后并发症发生率及病死率相关[7]。因此,rScO2和Pcv-aCO2是评价大脑、全身氧供需平衡及预测术后并发症的有潜力的监测工具。本研究探讨以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略对CCHD患儿近期预后的影响。
本研究为前瞻性随机对照研究。纳入2020年10月-2021年6月在解放军总医院第七医学中心于CPB下接受心脏手术的72例0~1岁CCHD患儿。纳入标准:年龄≤1岁;体重>2.5 kg;术前血氧饱和度>80%;术前血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)>100 g/L。排除标准:早产儿;合并肝、肾、肺、脑等重要器官疾病;术前动脉血Lac>2.5 mmol/L;术前有抢救病史。剔除标准:术中及术后出现死亡以及CPB脱机困难。
将所有研究对象按照就诊顺序进行编号,依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=36)与干预组(n=36),对照组围手术期采用传统的循环管理策略,干预组围手术期采用以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略。本研究经解放军总医院第七医学中心伦理委员会批准(伦理批号:2020-KYEC-002),并在中国临床研究注册中心注册(注册号:ChiCTR2000032309),患儿监护人均签署知情同意书。
所有患儿在病房建立静脉通路后进入手术室,入室后连接监护仪,常规监测心率(heart rate,HR)和经皮脉搏氧饱和度(percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation,SpO2)。将脑氧饱和度电极片贴于左侧额部(眉弓上方1 cm处),用敷贴固定,通过近红外组织血氧参数无损监测仪连续监测rScO2,每隔1 min记录1次,连续记录3次,取平均值作为该时间点的rScO2
依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼10 µg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg。气管插管后调节呼吸机参数:新鲜气体流量2 L/min,潮气量8~10 ml/kg,呼吸频率25~30次/min,吸呼比1:1.5,吸入氧浓度50%~90%。麻醉后超声引导下行桡动脉或股动脉穿刺测定动脉压,右侧颈内静脉或股静脉穿刺置入4.5Fr三腔中心静脉导管测定中心静脉压。麻醉维持采用静吸复合麻醉,吸入1%~2%七氟烷,根据手术情况追加咪达唑仑、芬太尼和罗库溴铵。术中补液采用醋酸钠林格液。围手术期根据心脏功能调控泵注肾上腺素0.01~0.10 µg/(kg·min)和多巴胺3~30 µg/(kg·min),每隔30 min测量尿量,根据术中出血情况及血气分析结果输注悬浮红细胞,手术结束后带气管插管回ICU,泵注舒芬太尼0.2~0.3 µg/(kg·h)和咪达唑仑0.4~2.0 µg/(kg·min)进一步监护治疗。麻醉、手术及CPB均由同一组医师完成。术中数据记录和术后随访由专人负责[8]
(1)对照组:术中及术后24 h内采用传统循环管理策略(图1)。在CPB期间,由体外循环医师通过调节流量和血管活性药物等措施将血平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)维持在±20%以内,每隔0.5 h测量1次动脉血气,通过调节流量和温度以及输血等措施对Lac、ScvO2、Hb和动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery,PaCO2)等进行调整;回到ICU后,由ICU医师每隔1 h采集动脉血和中心静脉血做血气分析,并对以上指标进行调整。在气管插管开放动静脉后(T1)、升主动脉夹闭后5 min (T2)、升主动脉开放后5 min (T3)、超滤结束(T4)、CPB结束后3 h (T5)、CPB结束后8 h (T6)、CPB结束后24 h (T7) 7个时间点采集动脉血和中心静脉血做血气分析,记录Hb、动脉血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2)、PaCO2、rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、Lac和ScvO2。(2)干预组:患儿在术中和术后24 h内当rScO2低于基础值的20%或绝对值低于50时即启动个体化循环管理策略(图2)。采集动脉血和中心静脉血做血气分析,通过调节MAP、Hb、SaO2、PaCO2、Pcv-aCO2,直至rScO2恢复至正常范围。此外,在T1-T7 7个时间点采集动脉血和中心静脉血做血气分析,记录Hb、SaO2、PaCO2、rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、Lac和ScvO2
记录T1-T7各时间点的MAP、咽温(T)、Hb、SaO2、PaCO2、rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、Lac和ScvO2,术中记录CPB时间和手术时间,术后记录拔管时间、ICU停留时间、出院时间以及急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)、肺部感染、呼吸衰竭的发生情况。
(1)拔除气管插管标准:血流动力学稳定、心功能稳定、氧需少、止血确切、闭合胸骨、足够的呼吸道反射、足够的肌肉力量、良好镇痛、意识水平恢复良好、体温正常、体/气道水肿轻微。(2)离开ICU标准:撤离呼吸机、无需血管活性药物维持循环。(3)出院标准:复查超声畸形得到矫治、症状缓解、生命体征平稳、喂养耐受良好、生化和血常规等检查结果正常。(4)AKI诊断标准:根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes,KDIGO)指南诊断标准,术后48 h内肌酐上升≥0.3 mg/dl(26.5 µmoL/L)或7d内肌酐上升至基线值的1.5倍,或尿量<0.5 ml/(kg·h)持续6 h及以上即可诊断为AKI[9]。(5)肺部感染诊断标准:术后胸部CT或X线片提示有新的或持续性浸润并符合以下至少1项:体温>38 ℃;白细胞<4×109/L或>12×109/L[10]。(6)呼吸衰竭诊断标准:对于接受有创通气并明确诊断为呼吸窘迫综合征肺损伤的患儿,优先使用氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)诊断呼吸衰竭,4≤OI<8为轻度呼吸衰竭,8≤OI<16为中度呼吸衰竭,OI≥16为重度呼吸衰竭;对于采用非有创通气的患儿,根据氧合指数(arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration,PaO2/FiO2)进行诊断,PaO2/FiO2≤300 mmHg为急性肺损伤,PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg为呼吸窘迫综合征[11]
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用t检验;组内不同时间点两两比较采用重复测量的方差分析,符合球形度检验时采用单因素方差分析。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
两组患儿性别、月龄、体重、先心病类型、入室前SpO2、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
两组患儿术中尿量、术中出血量、输注醋酸钠林格注射液量、输注悬浮红细胞量、输注血浆量、CPB时间和手术时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
两组患儿T1-T7时MAP、T、Hb、SaO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,干预组患儿PaCO2在T2、T3、T6、T7时明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3)。
与T1时比较,对照组rScO2在T3-T6时明显下降(P<0.05),Pcv-aCO2在T6时明显增高(P<0.05),Lac水平在T2-T7时明显增高(P<0.05),ScvO2在T2、T3时明显增高(P<0.05),T4-T6时明显降低(P<0.05);干预组rScO2、Pcv-aCO2在各时点均无明显变化(P>0.05),Lac水平在T4-T7时明显增高(P<0.05),ScvO2在T4-T6时明显下降(P<0.05)。
与T4时比较,对照组rScO2在T5-T7时明显增高(P<0.05),ScvO2在T6时明显降低(P<0.05),T7时明显增高(P<0.05);干预组rScO2、ScvO2在T5-T7时间点与T4时比较无明显变化(P>0.05);两组Pcv-aCO2在T5-T7时间点与T4时均无明显变化(P>0.05),Lac水平在T6、T7时间点与T4时比较均明显降低(P<0.05)。
与对照组比较,干预组rScO2在T3-T6时明显增高(P<0.05),Pcv-aCO2在T1-T7时明显降低(P<0.05),Lac水平在T3、T5时明显降低(P<0.05),ScvO2在T2、T3时明显降低(P<0.05) (表4)。
干预组与对照组患儿拔管时间差异无统计学意义[(4.11±2.01) d vs. (4.36±1.98) d,P>0.05];干预组患儿ICU停留时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(5.67±1.50) d vs. (7.28±2.11) d,P<0.05;(14.67±3.41) d vs. (19.00±2.63) d,P<0.05]。
干预组患儿术后AKI发生率明显低于对照组[25.0%(9/36) vs. 50.0%(18/36),P<0.05]。干预组与对照组患儿术后肺部感染、呼吸衰竭发生率差异无统计学意义[11.1%(4/36) vs. 16.7%(6/36),P>0.05;8.3%(3/36) vs. 13.9%(5/36),P>0.05]。
心脏外科患者存在因CPB和心血管储备功能有限而导致的围手术期供氧不足的风险,血流动力学不稳定是心脏手术后并发症发生率和死亡率增高的主要原因,围手术期有效的氧供需平衡可缩短住院时间及ICU停留时间[12],显著改善预后[13]。本研究发现,围手术期以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的个体化循环管理策略可明显缩短CCHD患儿的ICU停留时间和住院时间,降低术后AKI发生率,但对术后拔管时间、肺部感染和呼吸衰竭的发生无明显影响。
rScO2是反映脑部氧供状况的有效指标[14]。与成人相比,婴幼儿大脑对缺血、缺氧不耐受性更差。因此在婴幼儿心脏围手术期监测rScO2以反映脑氧合状态具有重要价值[14]。有研究发现,小儿心脏手术围手术期rScO2绝对值不低于50或不低于基线的20%可减少脑部缺血缺氧,显著改善预后[15],以rScO2为主要目标的循环管理策略可有效指导灌注,与MAP相比能更准确及时地调整机体的氧供状态[16]
PaCO2是一项非常重要的监测指标,为影响脑血流灌注最重要的因素,可通过调节脑血管阻力改变脑灌注压力,从而影响脑血流量[17],并能反映循环功能、通气功能和肺血流状况,同时可预测脑缺血及rScO2下降[18]。本研究通过启动个体化循环管理策略,及时调整PaCO2,发现干预组患儿PaCO2在T2 (主动脉关闭5 min)、T3 (主动脉开放5 min)、T6(术后8 h)及T7 (术后24 h)时明显高于对照组,有效避免了因PaCO2降低导致的脑血管收缩和脑灌注不足,从而对脑部氧供需平衡起到保护作用。
Pcv-aCO2是一种易于评估的常规指标,与CO2的产生有关,与心输出量呈反比;Pcv-aCO2>8 mmHg时表明机体氧供减少、氧耗增加,是复苏不足的标志[19]。在心脏手术中,Pcv-aCO2可作为临床识别低灌注的有效工具[7]。研究发现,围手术期Pcv-aCO2>8 mmHg与患儿心脏手术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间延长有关[6],Pcv-aCO2可很好地指导此类患儿的循环管理[2, 6]。本课题组前期研究发现,1岁以内CCHD患儿CPB过程中rScO2降低和术后24 h Pcv-aCO2升高可作为预测ICU停留时间的指标,二者可及时准确地反映患儿围手术期重要脏器的氧供需平衡状况[8]。本研究结果显示,干预组患儿Pcv-aCO2在主动脉开放后5 min (T3)至术后8 h (T6)均明显低于对照组,表明干预组患儿的全身灌注状态明显改善,且在此阶段rScO2均明显增高,表明在采用以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的循环管理策略时,及时调整PaCO2和Pcv-aCO2可改善rScO2和脑血流灌注。虽然干预组患儿并未表现出更短的拔管时间,但ICU停留时间和出院时间均明显缩短,提示以rScO2和Pcv-aCO2为主要目标的循环管理策略能够改善预后。
动脉血Lac是临床上常用的评价全身氧供需平衡及预测不良预后的重要参数[6]。由于全身或区域氧输送受损,在心脏手术中或刚入监护室时出现的早发性高乳酸血症(Lac >5 mmol/L)与不良预后明显相关[7]。本研究发现,两组患儿从手术开始至CPB结束时Lac水平均增高,表明CPB结束前随着动脉血Lac水平的增高,组织灌注持续恶化;超滤虽可使Lac水平下降,但超滤结束至CPB后24 h Lac仍高于基础水平。干预组患儿Lac水平虽仅在主动脉开放5 min (T3)和术后3 h (T5)时明显低于对照组,但同样表明干预措施在CPB期间改善了全身的氧供需平衡状态。
ScvO2是评价全身氧供需平衡及预测不良预后的另一重要参数,心脏手术和脓毒症休克时其可作为组织缺氧的早期预警信号[10]。低ScvO2是氧输送不足的标志[7],而较高的ScvO2往往意味着氧输送超过组织需求和(或)细胞耗氧量减少和(或)大量动静脉分流,这可能是由脓毒症、心脏骤停后、分布性休克、高心输出量、体温过低、细胞中毒[6],以及CPB过程中通过管路的动脉流入或静脉引流导致组织灌注不均匀[11]引起的。本课题组前期研究发现,CCHD患儿在供氧充分、组织氧利用率降低的CPB期间,ScvO2对低灌注反应不明显[20]。本研究中,在CPB期间对照组ScvO2增高,干预组未出现高ScvO2,且均明显低于对照组,表明个体化循环管理策略纠正了CPB期间的高ScvO2状态,机体的氧供需平衡状态得到改善。
本研究发现,患儿全身氧供需平衡状态得到改善的同时,也减少了术后重要脏器的并发症。AKI是CCHD患儿术后常见的严重并发症之一[9],本课题组前期研究发现,rScO2可有效反映CCHD患儿围手术期的氧供需平衡和肾脏的灌注,对术后AKI有预测价值[20];成人心脏手术期间根据rScO2实时调整灌注可降低术后AKI的发生率[9]。本研究中,干预组患儿AKI发生率明显降低,表明干预措施可改善患儿全身的氧供需平衡状态,与既往研究结果一致[9]。有研究发现,先心病患儿的年龄、体重、CPB时间、住院时间、拔管时间和术中输血量是影响心脏手术后肺部感染的主要危险因素[21-22],术前反复呼吸道感染、术后氧合指数低于300 mmHg为术后发生呼吸衰竭的影响因素[23]。本研究发现,两组肺部感染和呼吸衰竭发生率无明显差异,可能是由于两组的年龄、体重、CPB时间、拔管时间和术中输血量无明显差异所致,由此推测,围手术期个体化循环管理策略对肺部感染和呼吸衰竭无改善作用。对此,仍需进一步探讨。
综上所述,本研究发现,将个体化循环管理策略应用于CCHD患儿,通过监测CPB氧代谢指标指导血压管理及灌注流量,调节rScO2、Pcv-aCO2、Lac、ScvO2、MAP和灌注流速等,严格监控并积极优化灌注参数,对重要临床参数进行持续的围手术期和术后监测,可改善患儿的近期预后。本研究的不足之处在于仅观察了个体化循环管理策略对患儿近期预后的影响,未探讨对患儿远期发育的影响,仍有待后续进一步深入研究。
  • 首都卫生发展科研专项(2020-2-5092)
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2022年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.07.0709
  • 接收时间:2021-11-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-16
  • 出版时间:2022-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-19
  • 录用日期:2022-01-26
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Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2-5092)
首都卫生发展科研专项(2020-2-5092)
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    1山西医科大学麻醉学院,山西太原 030000
    2解放军总医院第三医学中心麻醉科,北京 100039
    3解放军总医院第七医学中心儿童重症监护病房,北京 100700
    4解放军总医院第七医学中心麻醉科,北京 100700

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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