Article(id=1207433494536495311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207433493215289544, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.08.0809, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1629993600000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1647446400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-03-17, onlineDate=1765804178127, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1661616000000, pubDateStr=2022-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765804178127, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765804178127, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765804178127, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207433493215289544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='745', pageEnd='850', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765804177811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765804292764, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207433975413444883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207433493215289544, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207433975413444884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207433493215289544, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=809, endPage=816, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207433495270498523, articleId=1207433494536495311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Correlation analysis of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations with clinicopathological features and hormone expression in ovarian low-grade serous tumors, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF, and the relations with clinicopathological features and hormone expression levels in ovarian low-grade serous tumors. Methods Tissue specimens (23 cases of common-type serous borderline tumor, 27 cases of micropapillary serous borderline tumor and 14 cases of low-grade serous carcinoma) were collected from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province during January 2017 to April 2021, and then retrospectively analyzed. The mutation status of human KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF genes were detected by expression status in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, the relationship was analyzed between gene mutation status and clinicopathological features and hormone expression levels. Results A total of 36 mutations were detected in 64 tumor tissues,including 21 KRAS mutation, 12 BRAF mutation, 2 PIK3CA mutation and 1 NRAS mutation. KRAS and BRAF mutations were common in younger women ≤35 years old. In the KRAS mutant subtype, G12S and G12D mutations are common in micropapillary serous borderline tumor (P<0.05); G12C, G12R*, G12V, G12A, and G13C* mutations are common in common-type serous borderline tumor (P<0.05); G13D mutation was only detected in low-grade serous carcinoma. Patients with BRAF mutations were all seen in the early stages of the disease. Immunohistochemistry showed the positive expression rates of both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were 76.6% (49/64). The positive expression rate of common-type serous borderline tumor was similar to that of micropapillary serous borderline tumor, and both of them were significantly higher than that in lower-grade serous carcinoma(P<0.05). KRAS G13D mutation was significantly associated with low progesterone expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Gene mutations were mutual exclusion. KRAS mutation was an oncogenic driving factor in serous tumors, and different mutant subtypes were associated with histological type and progesterone receptor expression status. As the disease progresses, BRAF mutation rate gradually decreased and associated with a variety of clinicopathological features and good prognosis and might have a protective effect against disease progression. The mutation rates of NRAS and PIK3CA were lower.

, correspAuthors=Li Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探究卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF的突变状态及其与临床病理特征、激素表达水平之间的关系。方法 收集2017年1月-2021年4月在云南省第一人民医院行手术治疗的低级别浆液性肿瘤(包括23例普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤、27例微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤和14例低级别浆液性癌)患者的组织标本进行回顾性分析。采用扩增阻碍突变系统-聚合酶链反应技术检测人类KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因的突变状态;采用免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中雌激素、孕激素受体的表达状态;分析基因突变状态与临床病理特征、激素表达水平的相关性。结果 64例肿瘤组织中共检测出36例突变,其中KRAS突变21例、BRAF突变12例、PIK3CA突变2例、NRAS突变1例。KRASBRAF突变常见于≤35岁的年轻女性。在KRAS突变亚型中,G12SG12D突变常见于微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤(P<0.05),G12CG12R*G12VG12AG13C*突变常见于普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤(P<0.05),G13D突变仅在低级别浆液性癌中检出。BRAF突变均见于疾病早期阶段。免疫组化结果显示,雌激素受体和孕激素受体阳性率均为76.6%(49/64),普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤与微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤的阳性率相似,但均明显高于低级别浆液性癌(P<0.05)。KRAS G13D突变与孕激素受体低表达明显相关(P<0.05)。结论 各基因突变之间相互排斥。KRAS突变是卵巢浆液性肿瘤的致癌驱动因子,不同突变亚型与组织学类型、孕激素受体表达状态有关。BRAF突变率随着疾病进展而逐渐降低,与多种良好预后相关的临床病理特征有关,可能对疾病的进展有保护作用。PIK3CANRAS突变率较低。

, correspAuthors=王丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王丽,E-mail:
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陆婷,硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤学基础方面的研究

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陆婷,硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤学基础方面的研究

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陆婷,硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤学基础方面的研究

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Cancer Res Treat, 2019, 51(1): 128-140., articleTitle=Prevalence and prognostic role of PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207433503864627799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, awardId=KH-SWR-MY-2020-007, language=EN, fundingSource=Ten Thousand Famous Doctor Plan(KH-SWR-MY-2020-007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207433503965291100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, awardId=KH-SWR-MY-2020-007, language=CN, fundingSource=万人名医计划项目(KH-SWR-MY-2020-007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207433497686417688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207433497694806297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, companyId=1207433497686417688, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207433497703194906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, companyId=1207433497686417688, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1昆明医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤科,云南昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207433497782886685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207433497808052511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, companyId=1207433497782886685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pathology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207433497845801248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, companyId=1207433497782886685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南省第一人民医院病理科,云南昆明 650500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207433502694416933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Amplification map of the gene mutations in ovarian serous tumors, figureFileSmall=PGWCiXngar22PwHVbrOyoQ==, figureFileBig=OtEKER6TrgpE6Dti3Z3WVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207433502757331497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=CN, label=图1, caption=卵巢浆液性肿瘤基因突变的扩增图谱

A. KRAS突变;B. NRAS突变;C. PIK3CA突变;D. BRAF突变

, figureFileSmall=PGWCiXngar22PwHVbrOyoQ==, figureFileBig=OtEKER6TrgpE6Dti3Z3WVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207433502929297967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Expression of ER and PR in ovarian serous tumors, figureFileSmall=kuYEVBwdOWxYOUhmoQXoOQ==, figureFileBig=ZjVc6m6N/piTZznkT3B5Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207433503013184053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=CN, label=图2, caption=卵巢浆液性肿瘤中ER、PR的表达情况

SBT. 浆液性交界性肿瘤;LGSC. 低级别浆液性癌;ER. 雌激素受体;PR. 孕激素受体;A. ER、PR免疫组化染色结果(×200);B. ER、PR免疫组化评分比较;(1)P<0.01,(2)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=kuYEVBwdOWxYOUhmoQXoOQ==, figureFileBig=ZjVc6m6N/piTZznkT3B5Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207433503113847352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Analysis of KRAS and BRAF mutations in ovarian serous tumors [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组织学类型KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3BRAF
普通型SBT(n=23)1(4.3)8(34.8)08(34.8)
微乳头型SBT(n=27)8(29.6)(1)2(7.4)(1)03(11.1)
LGSC(n=14)0(2)0(1)2(14.3)(1)(2)1(7.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1207433503206122041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卵巢浆液性肿瘤中KRASBRAF突变分析[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组织学类型KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3BRAF
普通型SBT(n=23)1(4.3)8(34.8)08(34.8)
微乳头型SBT(n=27)8(29.6)(1)2(7.4)(1)03(11.1)
LGSC(n=14)0(2)0(1)2(14.3)(1)(2)1(7.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1207433503394865729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Relationship between KRAS and BRAF mutations and the clinicopathological features in ovarian serous tumors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床参数KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3BRAF
例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P
年龄 0.839 0.052 1.000 0.030
 ≤35岁(n=30)5(16.7) 8(26.7) 1(3.3) 9(30.0)
 >35岁(n=34)4(11.8) 2(5.9) 1(2.9) 3(8.8)
累及部位 0.287 1.000 1.000 0.015
 单侧(n=42)4(9.5) 7(16.7) 1(2.4) 12(28.6)
 双侧(n=22)5(22.7) 3(13.6) 1(4.5) 0
肿瘤最大径 1.000 0.314 0.510 1.000
 <10 cm(n=38)5(13.2) 4(10.5) 2(5.3) 7(18.4)
 ≥10 cm(n=26)4(15.4) 6(23.1) 0 5(19.2)
TNM分期 0.644 1.000 0.392 0.100
 Ⅰ-Ⅱ(n=50)6(12.0) 8(16.0) 1(2.0) 12(24.0)
 Ⅲ-Ⅳ(n=14)3(21.4) 2(14.3) 1(7.1) 0
淋巴结累及 1.000 0.405 1.000 1.000
 有(n=3)0 1(33.3) 0 0
 无(n=61)9(14.8) 9(14.8) 2(3.3) 12(19.7) 
), ArticleFig(id=1207433503508111943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

卵巢浆液性肿瘤KRASBRAF突变与临床病理特征的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床参数KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3BRAF
例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P
年龄 0.839 0.052 1.000 0.030
 ≤35岁(n=30)5(16.7) 8(26.7) 1(3.3) 9(30.0)
 >35岁(n=34)4(11.8) 2(5.9) 1(2.9) 3(8.8)
累及部位 0.287 1.000 1.000 0.015
 单侧(n=42)4(9.5) 7(16.7) 1(2.4) 12(28.6)
 双侧(n=22)5(22.7) 3(13.6) 1(4.5) 0
肿瘤最大径 1.000 0.314 0.510 1.000
 <10 cm(n=38)5(13.2) 4(10.5) 2(5.3) 7(18.4)
 ≥10 cm(n=26)4(15.4) 6(23.1) 0 5(19.2)
TNM分期 0.644 1.000 0.392 0.100
 Ⅰ-Ⅱ(n=50)6(12.0) 8(16.0) 1(2.0) 12(24.0)
 Ⅲ-Ⅳ(n=14)3(21.4) 2(14.3) 1(7.1) 0
淋巴结累及 1.000 0.405 1.000 1.000
 有(n=3)0 1(33.3) 0 0
 无(n=61)9(14.8) 9(14.8) 2(3.3) 12(19.7) 
), ArticleFig(id=1207433503625552460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Association between KRAS mutant subtypes and ER and PR expression in ovarian serous tumors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
激素表达KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3
例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P
ER 1.000 0.476 0.186
 阳性(n=19)8(42.1) 10(52.6) 1(5.3)
 阴性(n=2)1(50.0) 0 1(50.0)
PR 1.000 0.246 0.014
 阳性(n=18)8(44.4) 10(55.6) 0
 阴性(n=3)1(33.3) 0 2(66.7) 
), ArticleFig(id=1207433503722021455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207433494536495311, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

卵巢浆液性肿瘤KRAS突变亚型与ER、PR表达率的关系

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激素表达KRAS1KRAS2KRAS3
例(%)P例(%)P例(%)P
ER 1.000 0.476 0.186
 阳性(n=19)8(42.1) 10(52.6) 1(5.3)
 阴性(n=2)1(50.0) 0 1(50.0)
PR 1.000 0.246 0.014
 阳性(n=18)8(44.4) 10(55.6) 0
 阴性(n=3)1(33.3) 0 2(66.7) 
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卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF突变及其与患者临床病理特征和激素表达的相关性分析
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陆婷 1 , 张娟娟 2 , 王晚璞 2 , 韦红果 1 , 魏金玲 2 , 张勇 1 , 王丽 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(8): 809-816
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(8): 809-816
卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF突变及其与患者临床病理特征和激素表达的相关性分析
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陆婷1, 张娟娟2, 王晚璞2, 韦红果1, 魏金玲2, 张勇1, 王丽2, *
作者信息
  • 1昆明医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤科,云南昆明 650500
  • 2云南省第一人民医院病理科,云南昆明 650500
  • 陆婷,硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤学基础方面的研究

通讯作者:

王丽,E-mail:
Correlation analysis of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations with clinicopathological features and hormone expression in ovarian low-grade serous tumors
Ting Lu1, Juan-Juan Zhang2, Wan-Pu Wang2, Hong-Guo Wei1, Jin-Ling Wei2, Yong Zhang1, Li Wang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
  • 2Department of Pathology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2022-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.08.0809
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目的 探究卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF的突变状态及其与临床病理特征、激素表达水平之间的关系。方法 收集2017年1月-2021年4月在云南省第一人民医院行手术治疗的低级别浆液性肿瘤(包括23例普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤、27例微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤和14例低级别浆液性癌)患者的组织标本进行回顾性分析。采用扩增阻碍突变系统-聚合酶链反应技术检测人类KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因的突变状态;采用免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中雌激素、孕激素受体的表达状态;分析基因突变状态与临床病理特征、激素表达水平的相关性。结果 64例肿瘤组织中共检测出36例突变,其中KRAS突变21例、BRAF突变12例、PIK3CA突变2例、NRAS突变1例。KRASBRAF突变常见于≤35岁的年轻女性。在KRAS突变亚型中,G12SG12D突变常见于微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤(P<0.05),G12CG12R*G12VG12AG13C*突变常见于普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤(P<0.05),G13D突变仅在低级别浆液性癌中检出。BRAF突变均见于疾病早期阶段。免疫组化结果显示,雌激素受体和孕激素受体阳性率均为76.6%(49/64),普通型浆液性交界性肿瘤与微乳头型浆液性交界性肿瘤的阳性率相似,但均明显高于低级别浆液性癌(P<0.05)。KRAS G13D突变与孕激素受体低表达明显相关(P<0.05)。结论 各基因突变之间相互排斥。KRAS突变是卵巢浆液性肿瘤的致癌驱动因子,不同突变亚型与组织学类型、孕激素受体表达状态有关。BRAF突变率随着疾病进展而逐渐降低,与多种良好预后相关的临床病理特征有关,可能对疾病的进展有保护作用。PIK3CANRAS突变率较低。

基因,KRAS  /  基因,NRAS  /  基因,PIK3CA  /  基因,BRAF  /  卵巢浆液性肿瘤  /  激素  /  突变

Objective To explore the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF, and the relations with clinicopathological features and hormone expression levels in ovarian low-grade serous tumors. Methods Tissue specimens (23 cases of common-type serous borderline tumor, 27 cases of micropapillary serous borderline tumor and 14 cases of low-grade serous carcinoma) were collected from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province during January 2017 to April 2021, and then retrospectively analyzed. The mutation status of human KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF genes were detected by expression status in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, the relationship was analyzed between gene mutation status and clinicopathological features and hormone expression levels. Results A total of 36 mutations were detected in 64 tumor tissues,including 21 KRAS mutation, 12 BRAF mutation, 2 PIK3CA mutation and 1 NRAS mutation. KRAS and BRAF mutations were common in younger women ≤35 years old. In the KRAS mutant subtype, G12S and G12D mutations are common in micropapillary serous borderline tumor (P<0.05); G12C, G12R*, G12V, G12A, and G13C* mutations are common in common-type serous borderline tumor (P<0.05); G13D mutation was only detected in low-grade serous carcinoma. Patients with BRAF mutations were all seen in the early stages of the disease. Immunohistochemistry showed the positive expression rates of both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were 76.6% (49/64). The positive expression rate of common-type serous borderline tumor was similar to that of micropapillary serous borderline tumor, and both of them were significantly higher than that in lower-grade serous carcinoma(P<0.05). KRAS G13D mutation was significantly associated with low progesterone expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Gene mutations were mutual exclusion. KRAS mutation was an oncogenic driving factor in serous tumors, and different mutant subtypes were associated with histological type and progesterone receptor expression status. As the disease progresses, BRAF mutation rate gradually decreased and associated with a variety of clinicopathological features and good prognosis and might have a protective effect against disease progression. The mutation rates of NRAS and PIK3CA were lower.

gene, KRAS  /  gene, NRAS  /  gene, PIK3CA  /  gene, BRAF  /  ovarian serous tumors  /  hormone  /  mutation
陆婷, 张娟娟, 王晚璞, 韦红果, 魏金玲, 张勇, 王丽. 卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF突变及其与患者临床病理特征和激素表达的相关性分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (8) : 809 -816 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.08.0809
Ting Lu, Juan-Juan Zhang, Wan-Pu Wang, Hong-Guo Wei, Jin-Ling Wei, Yong Zhang, Li Wang. Correlation analysis of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations with clinicopathological features and hormone expression in ovarian low-grade serous tumors[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (8) : 809 -816 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.08.0809
卵巢癌是最常见的妇科癌症之一,病死率位居首位[1]。卵巢癌的发生与遗传、环境和生活方式等因素密切相关,怀孕、哺乳和口服避孕药等可降低卵巢癌的发生风险[2-3]。卵巢恶性肿瘤中约90%为上皮性卵巢癌(epithelial ovarian carcinoma,EOC),其中浆液性卵巢癌(serous ovarian carcinoma,SOC)约占EOC的75%[4]。近年来,已将浆液性卵巢肿瘤分为浆液性囊腺瘤、浆液性交界性肿瘤(serous borderline tumour,SBT)、低级别浆液性癌(low-grade serous carcinoma,LGSC)和高级别浆液性癌(high-grade serous carcinoma,HGSC),其中SBT又分为普通型SBT和微乳头型SBT[5-6]。目前认为,LGSC与HGSC在本质上是不同类型的肿瘤,LGSC多见于较年轻的育龄女性,通常继发于SBT,且存在KRASNRASBRAF基因突变[7-8]。在临床病理中,普通型SBT被认为是微乳头型SBT的前体病变,而微乳头型SBT则被认为是一种非浸润性低级别浆液性癌。KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因是表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)依赖的下游信号转导通路RAS-RAF-MAPK途径和PI3K-AKT途径的4个重要基因,它们可持续激活下游信号通路,引起细胞异常增殖分化,导致肿瘤的发生发展[9-12]。本研究检测KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因在卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤中的突变情况,并分析其与临床病理特征及雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)表达的关系,旨在为卵巢浆液性肿瘤的临床诊断、治疗和预后评估提供一定的参考。
收集云南省第一人民医院病理科2017年1月-2021年4月诊断为SBT或LGSC患者的病理资料。排除标准:非原发病例;术前接受新辅助治疗者;无法获得病理石蜡切片标本及临床信息不足者。基于世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)的相关诊断标准,收集所有标本对应的患者临床资料,包括年龄、累及部位(单侧或双侧)、组织学类型、肿块大小、TNM分期、淋巴结累及情况。共纳入64份甲醛溶液固定石蜡包埋(FFPE)的卵巢浆液性肿瘤组织样本进行评估。所有组织切片均由两位副高级别的医师独立复阅且诊断意见一致。本研究获云南省第一人民医院伦理委员会批准(KHLL2022-YJ005),所有患者及其家属均签署知情同意书。
核酸提取试剂盒、AmoyDx人类KRAS/NRAS/PIK3CA/BRAF基因突变联合检测试剂盒购自厦门艾德生物医药科技股份有限公司;免疫组化试剂盒均购自福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司;NanoDrop ND-1000购自上海赛默飞创新科技公司。光学显微镜购自德国Leica公司;Applied Biosystems ABI 7500购自上海邦典机电设备有限公司。
为再次核对石蜡组织切片的肿瘤类型,HE染色后由两位副高级别的病理医师进行评估。随后,按照试剂盒说明书提取石蜡组织DNA。具体操作步骤如下:组织脱蜡后,加入DTL缓冲液和蛋白酶K,混匀后56 ℃消化过夜;加入DES缓冲液,混匀后90 ℃孵育1 h;加入DTB缓冲液和无水乙醇,混匀后13 000×g离心1 min,离心后弃去管中液体;加入DW1缓冲液(已加入17 ml无水乙醇并充分混匀),10 000×g离心1 min后弃去管中液体;加入缓冲液DW2(已加入24 ml无水乙醇并充分混匀),10 000×g离心1 min后更换新的收集管,再次13 000×g离心1 min;将DNA吸附柱转移至新的离心管,加入DTE缓冲液,静置5 min后13 000×g离心1 min,离心管中为样品DNA;使用NanoDrop ND-1000测定DNA浓度和纯度,并将DNA稀释至3 ng/μl待用。
采用扩增阻碍突变系统-聚合酶链反应技术检测人类KRAS基因第2、3、4号外显子上15种体细胞突变(其中12种为热点突变),NRAS基因第2和3外显子上12种体细胞突变(其中3种为热点突变),PIK3CA基因20号外显子的2种体细胞突变(其中1种为热点突变),BRAF基因15号外显子的4种体细胞突变(其中1种为热点突变)。试剂盒采用12联PCR反应条设计,每一个12联PCR条检测一个样本,12联条的1-11号管内装有相应的基因突变检测和内控试剂,12号管作为DNA提取质量的外控检测管。严格按照试剂盒说明书进行样本DNA的浓度稀释、配制、加样、PCR反应循环参数设置及结果分析解释。具体操作如下:分别向体积均为65.8 μl的待测样品DNA、KNPB阳性对照(PC)和纯化水(NTC)中加入4.2 μl KNPB混合酶,混匀后3000×g离心15 s;将混匀的DNA样品依次取5 μl分别加入12联KNPB PCR反应条中,KNPB阳性对照(PC)和阴性对照(NTC)操作同上;按照PCR反应条1-12号管方向,依次将阳性对照、阴性对照和样本KNPB PCR反应条平行放入实时定量PCR仪检测。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 25 s、64 ℃ 20 s、72 ℃ 20 s,15个循环;93 ℃ 25 s、60 ℃35 s、72 ℃ 20 s,31个循环。
阳性对照为乳腺导管浸润癌组织标本切片,阴性对照则以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)代替一抗,严格按照制造商说明书进行操作。具体操作如下:将石蜡组织脱蜡至水,PBS洗3次;高压加热EDTA抗原修复液(pH:9.0)修复,PBS洗3次;加3%H2O2阻断内源性过氧化物酶,室温下孵育15 min后PBS洗3次;加ER抗体或PR抗体,28 ℃下孵育75 min,PBS洗3次;加酶标羊抗小鼠/兔IgG聚合物二抗,28 ℃下孵育45 min,PBS洗4次;DAB显色、苏木精复染、乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明、封片后观察。结果判定标准:ER和PR表达均位于细胞核。以染色强度和阳性细胞综合计分作为判定标准。染色强度(无色为0分,淡黄色为1分,棕黄色为2分,棕褐色为3分)和阳性细胞百分比(无阳性细胞为0分,阳性细胞≤10%为1分,阳性细胞10%~50%为2分,阳性细胞50%~75%为3分,阳性细胞>75%为4分)分值相乘,乘积不低于3分者判定为免疫组化染色阳性。
分析KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因突变的类型和频率,各基因的突变状态与肿瘤组织学类型、患者临床病理特征的关系,以及ER、PR表达与肿瘤组织学类型和各基因突变之间的关系。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,肿瘤组织中ER、PR的免疫组化评分比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,各基因突变状态与不同临床病理特征、激素受体表达状态之间的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
64例患者中,普通型SBT 23例,微乳头型SBT 27例,LGSC 14例;≤35岁者30例,>35岁者34例;肿瘤累及单侧42例,双侧22例;肿瘤最大径<10 cm者38例,≥10 cm者26例;TNM分期为早期(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期)者50例,晚期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ期)者14例;淋巴结受累者3例,淋巴结未受累者61例。
共检测出36例突变,其中KRAS突变21例、BRAF突变12例、PIK3CA突变2例、NRAS突变1例。KRAS突变均为2号外显子的12、13密码子突变,检出率为32.8%(21/64),其中G12S、G12D占42.9%(9/21),G12C、G12R*、G12V、G12A、G13C*占47.6%(10/21),G13D占9.5%(2/21)。BRAF突变检出率为18.8%(12/64),突变类型为V600E、V600K*、V600R*、V600D*。PIK3CA突变检出率为3.1%(2/64),突变类型为H1047R、H1047L*。NRAS突变检出率为1.7%(1/64),突变类型为G13R*、G12C*、G12V*、G12A*、G13V*。未发现KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因之间存在交叉突变。基因突变扩增图谱详见图1
普通型SBT组织中基因突变检出率(73.9%)最高,其次为微乳头型SBT(51.9%),LGSC最低(35.7%)。SBT与LGSC间BRAF突变检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在KRAS突变亚型中,普通型SBT组织中G12C、G12R*、G12V、G12A、G13C*的检出率明显高于微乳头型SBT和LGSC(P<0.05),而微乳头型SBT组织中KRAS突变亚型G12S、G12D的检出率高于普通型SBT和LGSC(P<0.05)。KRAS突变亚型G13D仅在LGSC中被检出,明显高于普通型SBT和微乳头型SBT(P<0.05),卵巢浆液性肿瘤中KRASBRAF突变类型详见表1。此外,1例NRAS突变在LGSC中被检出,2例PIK3CA突变分别在LGSC、微乳头型SBT中被检出。
≤35岁患者的肿瘤组织中KRAS总突变率明显高于>35岁者(P=0.027),其中以G12C、G12R*、G12V、G12A、G13C*突变最突出,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.052)。KRAS突变亚型在不同肿瘤累及部位、TNM分期、肿瘤最大径及淋巴结累及患者中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BRAF突变常发生于≤35岁(P=0.030)或单侧受累(P=0.015)的患者。所有BRAF突变均见于疾病早期阶段的患者,且无淋巴结受累。BRAF突变在不同TNM分期、肿瘤最大径及淋巴结累及患者中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。NRASPIK3CA突变在不同临床病理特征的患者中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
64例标本中ER、PR的免疫组化平均得分分别为6.7分、7.2分,其中普通型SBT、微乳头型SBT、LGSC中ER平均得分分别为6.7分、8.6分、3.0分,PR平均得分分别为8.4分、8.8分、2.4分。ER和PR阳性表达率均为76.6%(49/64、49/64)。免疫组化检测结果显示,普通型SBT、微乳头型SBT中的ER、PR表达水平均明显高于LGSC(P<0.01或P<0.001),而普通型SBT与微乳头型SBT间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2)。
在36例基因突变组织中,ER、PR阳性表达率(均为86.1%)明显高于阴性表达率(分别为13.9%、13.9%)。21例KRAS突变组织中,ER、PR阳性表达率分别为90.5%、85.7%,其中G12S、G12D突变中ER、PR阳性表达率均为38.1%,G12C、G12R*、G12V、G12A、G13C*突变中ER、PR阳性表达率均为47.6%,G13D突变中ER、PR阳性表达率分别为4.7%、0.0%。KRAS G13D突变组织中PR阴性表达率明显高于阳性表达率(P=0.014)(表3)。12例BRAF突变组织中,ER、PR阳性表达率分别为83.3%、91.7%;2例PIK3CA突变组织中,ER、PR阳性表达率均为50.0%;1例NRAS突变组织中,ER、PR阳性表达率均为100%。BRAFNRASPIK3CA突变组织中的ER、PR阳性表达率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
EOC是一组异质性肿瘤,包括具有不同临床病理和分子特征的各种恶性肿瘤,而浆液性卵巢肿瘤是其最常见的组织类型,因而需要更好地了解其分子基础。影响细胞内信号转导通路的致癌突变与癌变直接相关。RAS/RAF/MAPK和PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路是细胞内信号转导中最重要的机制,因此,检测卵巢浆液性肿瘤中KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF的突变状况,有助于探索这些基因突变与癌变及临床病理特征之间的关系。
在不同类型的癌症中,KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF基因的突变频率不同[13-15]。本研究发现普通型SBT的基因突变检出率为73.9%(17/23),其中39.1%(9/23)为KRAS突变、34.8%(8/23)为BRAF突变;微乳头型SBT的基因突变检出率为51.9%(14/27),其中37.0%(10/27)为KRAS突变、3.7%(1/27)为PIK3CA突变、11.1%(3/27)为BRAF突变;LGSC的基因突变检出率为35.7%(5/14),其中14.3%(2/14)为KRAS突变、7.1%(1/14)为NRAS突变、7.1%(1/14)为PIK3CA突变、7.1%(1/14)为BRAF突变。由此可见,随着疾病的进展,卵巢低级别浆液性肿瘤组织中BRAFKRAF基因突变率逐渐下降,其中BRAF突变最明显。BRAFKRAS基因突变与卵巢浆液性肿瘤的组织学类型相关,SBT组织中基因突变率高于LGSC,且相对于BRAF基因突变,LGSC组织中KRAS基因突变更为常见。KRASNRASPIK3CA突变可能是LGSC的致癌驱动因子。
KRAS突变与SBT的浸润性植入明显相关,是肿瘤复发风险增高和患者生存率降低的重要预后指标[16]。Tsang等[17]发现,在未复发的SBT中BRAF V600E突变常见,而在复发的LGSC中KRAS基因突变更常见(>70%),且带有KRAS G12V突变的患者总生存期较无该突变者缩短,这与Renaud等[18]的研究结果相似,后者发现存在KRAS G12V突变的非小细胞肺癌患者表现出较差的总生存期和较高的复发率。Ohnishi等[19]基于Sanger测序发现,携带KRAS G12D或G13D突变的黏液性交界性卵巢肿瘤可能更易进展为黏液性卵巢癌。另一项研究发现,与KRAS G12V突变相比,具有KRAS G12D突变的LGSC患者预后相对良好,但差异无统计学意义[20]。本研究发现,在普通型SBT和微乳头型SBT组织中,KRAS基因总突变率相似(39.1%vs. 37.0%),但突变亚型存在明显差异:G12C、G12R*、G12V、G12A、G13C*突变更常见于普通型SBT(P<0.05),在LGSC中未被检出;G12S、G12D突变多见于微乳头型SBT(P<0.05),在LGSC中未被检出;KRAS G13D突变仅在2例LGSC中被检出。KRAS突变亚型可能与患者的预后有关,但由于本研究纳入病例不多,且缺乏跟踪随访记录,未能明确各突变亚型与患者预后的联系,有待后续扩大样本量进一步研究。
Malpica等[21]发现,含有SBT成分的卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤中可检测到BRAFKRAS突变,而在单纯的浆液性囊腺瘤中未检测出该突变。具有BRAF V600E突变的SBT进一步发展为浆液性癌的风险相对较低,且发生该突变的LGSC患者多处于疾病早期阶段,晚期罕见[22-24]。Zeppernick等[25]发现,携带BRAF突变的SBT与细胞衰老相关的标志物p16和肿瘤抑制基因上调有关,患者预后较好。本研究结果显示,BRAF基因突变仅见于疾病早期阶段,12例SBT患者均为Ⅰ期,1例LGSC患者为Ⅱ期。此外,与微乳头型SBT比较,普通型SBT组织中BRAF基因突变率明显增高,而LGSC中则少见BRAF基因突变,这与Turashvili等[26]和Chui等[27]的报道一致,提示BRAF突变可能抑制了SBT向LGSC的进展。
本研究仅在1例Ⅲ期LGSC组织中检测出NRAS外显子2突变(7.1%),提示NRAS突变率较低,且可能与疾病进展和患者不良预后有关。这与Xing等[28]的发现一致,后者在SBT中均未检测出该突变(0/42),仅在3.6%的LGSC中检测出NRAS Q61R突变(2/56)。Al-Qahtani等[29]发现,PIK3CA基因突变在EOC中的发生率较低(3.0%~12.8%),可通过介导PI3K/AKT信号通路改变而引起恶变。此外,Al-Qahtani等[29]还发现,PIK3CA突变与患者年龄及不良预后呈正相关,且多见于SOC和子宫内膜癌。本研究在Ⅱ期LGSC和Ⅱc期微乳头型SBT中各检测出1例PIK3CA基因突变(7.1%、3.7%),提示PIK3CA突变在浆液性卵巢癌的发生发展中可能起到一定作用,但仍有待后续扩大样本量进一步明确。
据报道,LGSC的发病机制可能与女性激素有关[7],与ER或PR阴性表达者相比,ER或PR阳性的SOC患者预后相对较好[30-31]。Ring等[32]通过查询癌症基因组图谱和体外实验发现,携带KRAS突变的肿瘤PR表达明显降低(P=0.047),携带KRAS突变的子宫内膜癌细胞中ERα和PR的表达明显降低(P≤0.001)。结合本研究KRAS突变类型与肿瘤组织学类型和激素表达状态之间的关系,提示随着疾病的发展,KRAS突变类型可能发生改变,且携带G13D突变亚型的肿瘤中ER或PR阳性表达率明显低于其他突变亚型,推测G13D突变可能通过某一途径介导ER或PR低表达,但不排除受肿瘤组织学类型的影响所致。Vannucchi等[33]发现,在ERα或PR高表达的甲状腺乳头状癌中,BRAF V600E突变的发生率较高。Liu等[34]发现,在ER或PR阳性表达的乳腺癌患者中,较高的BRAF/MEK通路活性与生存率更高有关。本研究结果显示,BRAF突变组织中ER和PR阳性表达率分别为83.3%、91.7%,结合临床病理资料,提示BRAF突变与ER、PR表达有关,携带该突变的患者预后较好。尽管在黑色素瘤中ERβ激动剂可抑制携带NRAS突变的癌细胞的增殖[35],在不同ERα和PR表达状态的乳腺癌中PIK3CA突变频率存在明显差异[36-37],但本研究未发现NRASPIK3CA突变与ER或PR的表达状态有关,这可能与样本量不足有关。
本研究在KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF突变检测中未发现交叉突变。KRASBRAF突变与患者的年龄、组织学类型有关。ER、PR高表达在SBT向LGSC发展过程中起抑制作用。KRAS突变可能是浆液性肿瘤的致癌驱动因子,在不同组织学类型中突变亚型存在明显差异。KRAS G13D突变与LGSC的关系较为突出,与PR阴性表达也明显相关,是LGSC的重要致癌基因,可能成为预测患者预后的重要指标,但仍有待进一步研究。BRAF突变具有两面性,一方面在疾病早期阶段促进肿瘤的发生,另一方面又可阻碍SBT向LGSC的进一步发展。NRAS突变仅发生于少数的LGSC。NRASPIK3CA突变在浆液性卵巢癌的发生发展中起重要作用,但由于样本量有限,未发现有统计学意义的结果,有待扩大样本量进一步明确。卵巢浆液性肿瘤患者进行KRASNRASPIK3CABRAF突变检测可以为临床诊治、预后评估提供指导。
  • 万人名医计划项目(KH-SWR-MY-2020-007)
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2022年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.08.0809
  • 接收时间:2021-08-27
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-27
  • 录用日期:2022-03-17
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Ten Thousand Famous Doctor Plan(KH-SWR-MY-2020-007)
万人名医计划项目(KH-SWR-MY-2020-007)
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    1昆明医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤科,云南昆明 650500
    2云南省第一人民医院病理科,云南昆明 650500

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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