Article(id=1207416372448043440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0863, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1635955200000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1642435200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-01-18, onlineDate=1765800095903, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1664294400000, pubDateStr=2022-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765800095903, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765800095903, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800095903, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207416365246419268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='851', pageEnd='956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765800094186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800167087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=863, endPage=870, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207416372771004869, articleId=1207416372448043440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of abdominal paracentesis drainage on pancreatic pyroptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and its significance, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the role and significance of abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) to pyroptosis in the pancreas of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome-activated-caspase-1. Methods A total of 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (Sham) group, SAP group, and APD group, with 16 rats in each group. 5% sodium sulfonate was retrogradely injected into the pancreaticobiliary duct to establish the SAP model. In the APD group, besides the SAP induction, a drainage tube was placed on the right lower abdomen for drainage. Serum and pancreatic tissue were collected 12 hours after modeling. We examined the activities of serum lipase and amylase using an automatic biochemical analyzer and evaluated pancreatic damage through HE staining. In addition, we quantified the expression of serum inflammatory factors by ELISA and measured the expression level of genes and proteins related to caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis in pancreatic tissue using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Lastly, we observed the structural changes of the subcellular organelles and the characteristic changes of pyrolysis in pancreatic acinar cells using transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the SAP group, the pancreas tissue in the ADP group showed alleviated damages with a much lower pathological score; the levels of serum lipase, amylase, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 also showed significant reduction (P<0.05).Compared with the Sham group, the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, and cleaved-GSDMD were all significantly up-regulated in the pancreas in the SAP group. After APD treatment, the expression of these Caspase-1-mediated pyrolysis pathway key genes in pancreatic tissue was significantly down-regulated. In addition, the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in pancreatic tissue were also significantly reduced (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed that the SAP group had endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial expansion, chromatin condensation, and the characteristic change of pyrolysis, namely the formation of membrane pores in the cell membrane. In the APD group, we observed reduced chromatin condensation in the nucleus and less expansion in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial. Conclusion SAP showed activated Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. Early treatment with APD can alleviate the severity of SAP, possibly by inhibiting the activation of Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, thereby reducing local and systemic inflammatory reactions.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Yu Sun, Li-Jun Tang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tang Li-Jun, E-mail: ;
Sun Hong-Yu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun Wu, Yi-Chen Lu, Zhu Huang, Wen Jiang, Hua-Ji Qie, Jiang-Tao Liu, Hong-Yu Sun, Li-Jun Tang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207416375442776637, articleId=1207416372448043440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=腹腔穿刺引流对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义, columnId=1190310110472798614, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨腹腔穿刺引流(APD)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠caspase-1介导的胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义。方法 将48只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、SAP组及APD组,每组16只。采用5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入胰胆管构建大鼠SAP模型,APD组在SAP组的基础上于右下腹放置引流管引流。于造模后12 h收集大鼠血清及胰腺组织。采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清脂肪酶及淀粉酶活性,HE染色观察胰腺损伤情况,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清炎性因子的变化,RT-PCR及Western blotting检测胰腺组织caspase-1介导的焦亡相关基因及蛋白的表达变化,透射电镜观察胰腺腺泡细胞超微结构变化及焦亡的特征性改变。结果 与SAP组比较,APD组的胰腺组织病理损伤明显减轻,病理评分明显降低,血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、IL-18水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SAP组胰腺组织焦亡通路蛋白核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白(ASC)、caspase-1、cleaved-caspase-1、gasdermin家族蛋白D(GSDMD)及cleaved-GSDMD表达水平明显高于假手术组,经APD治疗后,胰腺组织焦亡通路蛋白表达均明显降低,胰腺组织IL-1βIL-18 mRNA及蛋白表达水平也明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);透射电镜观察显示,SAP组出现明显的内质网及线粒体扩张,核染色质凝聚,以及焦亡的特征性改变即细胞膜上膜孔的形成,而APD组内质网及线粒体扩张明显减轻,核染色质凝聚明显减少。结论 Caspase 1介导的焦亡在SAP中被激活;早期实施APD能够减轻SAP的严重程度,并明显抑制caspase-1介导的焦亡激活,从而减轻局部及全身炎症反应。

, correspAuthors=孙红玉, 汤礼军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
汤礼军,E-mail:;
孙红玉,E-mail:
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吴俊,硕士研究生,主要从事胰腺炎性疾病治疗与发病机制的研究

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吴俊,硕士研究生,主要从事胰腺炎性疾病治疗与发病机制的研究

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SAP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;A. 大鼠胰腺组织病理改变;B. 大鼠胰腺组织病理学评分;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与SAP组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=iYAwkAmEuz+19t1RK0d+GQ==, figureFileBig=gQeolkwtTHefu1OMR1XpAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416381067338604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison on the serum lipase and amylase activity, and inflammatory cytokines levels in each group of rats, figureFileSmall=tA3tyRQHzhCd38LcanyQKQ==, figureFileBig=IllkmWXZa90Vm6re7I3COQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416381130253170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性及炎性因子水平比较

SAP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子α;IL-6. 白细胞介素-6;IL-1β. 白细胞介素-1β;IL-18. 白细胞介素-18;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与SAP组比较,(2)P<0.05

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SAP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;NLRP3. 核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3;ASC. 凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白;Caspase-1.含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1;GSDMD. Gasdermin家族蛋白D;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与SAP组比较,(2)P<0.05

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SAP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;IL-1β. 白细胞介素-1β;IL-18. 白细胞介素-18;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与SAP组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=qIVCh70W6VmbwU+XoELtdA==, figureFileBig=fZVrfRR92/egT+kdpY3VvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416381751010184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison on the expression levels of pyroptosis path-related proteins of pancreatic tissues in each group of rats, figureFileSmall=eZRVpJ/pQ7MnJB+IR9yY+g==, figureFileBig=FpzksiV0ffR5N9ejm5kGqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416381834896269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠胰腺组织焦亡通路相关蛋白相对表达量比较

SAP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;NLRP3. 核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3;ASC. 凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白;Caspase 1.含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1;GSDMD. gasdermin家族蛋白D;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与SAP组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=eZRVpJ/pQ7MnJB+IR9yY+g==, figureFileBig=FpzksiV0ffR5N9ejm5kGqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416383034467214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of APD on the structure of subcellular organelles and the integrity of cell membranes of pancreatic acinar cells in each group of rats S, figureFileSmall=tRi9EEj7EnwO8WsswKNN1Q==, figureFileBig=+CHFC9xlQfE138taKoId5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416383139324818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=CN, label=图6, caption=APD对各组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞超微结构及细胞膜完整性的影响

AP. 重症急性胰腺炎;APD. 腹腔穿刺引流;红色箭头示细胞膜孔的形成

, figureFileSmall=tRi9EEj7EnwO8WsswKNN1Q==, figureFileBig=+CHFC9xlQfE138taKoId5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416383198045075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences of RT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
NLRP3正义:AAAGCAGCAGATGGAGACTGGAAAG
反义:TGGCAGGTAGGCAGAGAAGAGG
ASC正义:GAAGGACAGTACCAGGCAGTTCG
反义:ACAAGTTCTTGCAGGTCAGGTTCC
Caspase-1正义:GATGAACACATTGAAGTGCCCAAGC
反义:AGAATCCCTCTTCGGAGTTCCCTAC
GSDMD正义:TTCAAGCCCTACTGCCTCCTGAG
反义:AGACACTGGTTCTGGAGCACTGG
IL-1β正义:CGTGCTGTCTGACCCATGTGAG
反义:TGTCGTTGCTTGTCTCTCCTTGTAC
IL-18正义:ATCAGACCACTTTGGCAGACTTCAC
反义:CTGGGATTCGTTGGCTGTTCGG
GAPDH正义:GACATGCCGCCTGGAGAAAC
反义:AGCCCAGGATGCCCTTTAGT
), ArticleFig(id=1207416383294514071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416372448043440, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
NLRP3正义:AAAGCAGCAGATGGAGACTGGAAAG
反义:TGGCAGGTAGGCAGAGAAGAGG
ASC正义:GAAGGACAGTACCAGGCAGTTCG
反义:ACAAGTTCTTGCAGGTCAGGTTCC
Caspase-1正义:GATGAACACATTGAAGTGCCCAAGC
反义:AGAATCCCTCTTCGGAGTTCCCTAC
GSDMD正义:TTCAAGCCCTACTGCCTCCTGAG
反义:AGACACTGGTTCTGGAGCACTGG
IL-1β正义:CGTGCTGTCTGACCCATGTGAG
反义:TGTCGTTGCTTGTCTCTCCTTGTAC
IL-18正义:ATCAGACCACTTTGGCAGACTTCAC
反义:CTGGGATTCGTTGGCTGTTCGG
GAPDH正义:GACATGCCGCCTGGAGAAAC
反义:AGCCCAGGATGCCCTTTAGT
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腹腔穿刺引流对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义
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吴俊 1, 2 , 卢一琛 1, 2 , 黄竹 2 , 蒋文 1, 2 , 且华吉 1, 2 , 刘江涛 1, 2 , 孙红玉 1, 2, 3, * , 汤礼军 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(9): 863-870
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(9): 863-870
腹腔穿刺引流对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义
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吴俊1, 2, 卢一琛1, 2, 黄竹2, 蒋文1, 2, 且华吉1, 2, 刘江涛1, 2, 孙红玉1, 2, 3, * , 汤礼军1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610063
  • 2西部战区总医院全军普通外科中心/四川省胰腺损伤与修复重点实验室,四川成都 610083
  • 3西部战区总医院基础医学实验室,四川成都 610083
  • 吴俊,硕士研究生,主要从事胰腺炎性疾病治疗与发病机制的研究

通讯作者:

汤礼军,E-mail:;
孙红玉,E-mail:
Effect of abdominal paracentesis drainage on pancreatic pyroptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and its significance
Jun Wu1, 2, Yi-Chen Lu1, 2, Zhu Huang2, Wen Jiang1, 2, Hua-Ji Qie1, 2, Jiang-Tao Liu1, 2, Hong-Yu Sun1, 2, 3, * , Li-Jun Tang1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610063, China
  • 2PLA Center of General Surgery, Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 3Basic Medical Laboratory, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
出版时间: 2022-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0863
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目的 探讨腹腔穿刺引流(APD)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠caspase-1介导的胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义。方法 将48只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、SAP组及APD组,每组16只。采用5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入胰胆管构建大鼠SAP模型,APD组在SAP组的基础上于右下腹放置引流管引流。于造模后12 h收集大鼠血清及胰腺组织。采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清脂肪酶及淀粉酶活性,HE染色观察胰腺损伤情况,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清炎性因子的变化,RT-PCR及Western blotting检测胰腺组织caspase-1介导的焦亡相关基因及蛋白的表达变化,透射电镜观察胰腺腺泡细胞超微结构变化及焦亡的特征性改变。结果 与SAP组比较,APD组的胰腺组织病理损伤明显减轻,病理评分明显降低,血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、IL-18水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SAP组胰腺组织焦亡通路蛋白核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白(ASC)、caspase-1、cleaved-caspase-1、gasdermin家族蛋白D(GSDMD)及cleaved-GSDMD表达水平明显高于假手术组,经APD治疗后,胰腺组织焦亡通路蛋白表达均明显降低,胰腺组织IL-1βIL-18 mRNA及蛋白表达水平也明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);透射电镜观察显示,SAP组出现明显的内质网及线粒体扩张,核染色质凝聚,以及焦亡的特征性改变即细胞膜上膜孔的形成,而APD组内质网及线粒体扩张明显减轻,核染色质凝聚明显减少。结论 Caspase 1介导的焦亡在SAP中被激活;早期实施APD能够减轻SAP的严重程度,并明显抑制caspase-1介导的焦亡激活,从而减轻局部及全身炎症反应。

重症急性胰腺炎  /  腹腔穿刺引流  /  细胞焦亡  /  caspase-1  /  gasdermin家族蛋白D

Objective To investigate the role and significance of abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) to pyroptosis in the pancreas of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome-activated-caspase-1. Methods A total of 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (Sham) group, SAP group, and APD group, with 16 rats in each group. 5% sodium sulfonate was retrogradely injected into the pancreaticobiliary duct to establish the SAP model. In the APD group, besides the SAP induction, a drainage tube was placed on the right lower abdomen for drainage. Serum and pancreatic tissue were collected 12 hours after modeling. We examined the activities of serum lipase and amylase using an automatic biochemical analyzer and evaluated pancreatic damage through HE staining. In addition, we quantified the expression of serum inflammatory factors by ELISA and measured the expression level of genes and proteins related to caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis in pancreatic tissue using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Lastly, we observed the structural changes of the subcellular organelles and the characteristic changes of pyrolysis in pancreatic acinar cells using transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the SAP group, the pancreas tissue in the ADP group showed alleviated damages with a much lower pathological score; the levels of serum lipase, amylase, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 also showed significant reduction (P<0.05).Compared with the Sham group, the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, and cleaved-GSDMD were all significantly up-regulated in the pancreas in the SAP group. After APD treatment, the expression of these Caspase-1-mediated pyrolysis pathway key genes in pancreatic tissue was significantly down-regulated. In addition, the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in pancreatic tissue were also significantly reduced (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed that the SAP group had endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial expansion, chromatin condensation, and the characteristic change of pyrolysis, namely the formation of membrane pores in the cell membrane. In the APD group, we observed reduced chromatin condensation in the nucleus and less expansion in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial. Conclusion SAP showed activated Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. Early treatment with APD can alleviate the severity of SAP, possibly by inhibiting the activation of Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, thereby reducing local and systemic inflammatory reactions.

severe acute pancreatitis  /  abdominal paracentesis drainage  /  pyroptosis  /  caspase-1  /  GSDMD
吴俊, 卢一琛, 黄竹, 蒋文, 且华吉, 刘江涛, 孙红玉, 汤礼军. 腹腔穿刺引流对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞焦亡的影响及其意义. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (9) : 863 -870 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0863
Jun Wu, Yi-Chen Lu, Zhu Huang, Wen Jiang, Hua-Ji Qie, Jiang-Tao Liu, Hong-Yu Sun, Li-Jun Tang. Effect of abdominal paracentesis drainage on pancreatic pyroptosis of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and its significance[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (9) : 863 -870 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0863
重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是一种病情严重、病死率高达30%的临床急腹症[1],其特征是广泛的胰腺组织坏死、后续感染、全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)及并发多器官功能障碍综合征[1-2]。SAP病死率高的关键原因是目前尚无有效的措施能控制其进展。在SAP早期,腹腔内常会出现胰腺炎相关腹水(pancreatitis associated ascite fluid,PAAF),其内含有大量胰酶、游离脂肪酸、内毒素等有害物质[3-4]。已经证实早期实施腹腔穿刺引流(abdominal paracentesis drainage,APD)引流腹水能够降低SAP患者全身炎症反应、多器官功能障碍综合征的发生率及病死率[4-6]。然而,APD治疗SAP的机制尚不明确[7],对其进行深入探讨可为临床行APD治疗SAP提供理论依据,并为寻找相应的治疗靶点及研究相关药物辅助治疗提供思路。
细胞焦亡是由含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(caspase)-1、4及5介导的一种程序性细胞死亡方式[8-9],其中caspase-1介导的焦亡是其经典激活途径,特征是促炎因子释放及溶解性死亡[10-11]。一方面,切割的caspase-1分解白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β及IL-18前体为有活性的形式;另一方面,切割的caspase-1切割gasdermin家族蛋白D(gasdermin D,GSDMD),切割的GSDMD N末端蛋白可识别质膜上的磷酸肌醇及心磷脂,形成膜孔,导致细胞死亡,此为焦亡的特征性改变;具有活性的IL-1β、IL-18等内容物从膜孔被释放,可募集更多的炎性细胞,从而扩大炎症反应。本研究探讨APD治疗对SAP胰腺组织细胞焦亡的影响及其意义,以期进一步认识APD治疗SAP的机制。
48只SPF级SD大鼠(220~250 g)购自成都恩斯维尔生物科技有限公司。牛磺胆酸钠购自美国Sigma公司;大鼠脂肪酶、淀粉酶生化检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所;IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测试剂盒购自上海拙彩生物科技有限公司;反转录聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测试剂盒One Step SYBR PrimeScript RT-PCR KitⅡ购自日本TaKaRa公司;Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;pro-caspase-1及凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein,ASC)抗体购自美国Abcam公司,核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3,NLRP3)抗体购自美国Thermo Fisher公司,cleaved-caspase-1抗体、GSDMD抗体、GAPDH抗体及山羊抗兔二抗均购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,cleaved-GSDMD抗体购自武汉ABclonal公司;RNA提取试剂及全蛋白提取试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;动物用麻醉药异氟烷购自深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司。
48只大鼠首先在独立通气笼中适应性喂养1周,术前禁食12 h,不禁饮。采用随机数字表法将其分为SAP组、APD组及假手术组,每组16只。SAP组使用5%牛磺胆酸钠构建SAP模型。具体操作如下:采用异氟烷麻醉动物后,在剑突下1 cm处沿腹白线开腹,然后在十二指肠上寻找胰胆管开口,穿刺针穿刺进入胰胆管,夹闭胰胆管两端并固定穿刺针,使用微量输液泵均匀输注牛磺胆酸钠溶液,剂量为0.1 ml/100 g,速度为12 ml/h。输注结束后压力维持5 min,取下穿刺针及动脉夹,关腹。APD组按SAP组的操作成功构建SAP模型后,在动物右下腹放置引流管,引流管外接真空负压吸引球,关腹。假手术组采用与SAP组相同的方式开腹并找到胰腺,翻动胰腺数次后关腹。术后禁食不禁饮。所有大鼠于建模后12 h处死,收集其血清及胰腺组织。实验过程符合国家有关实验动物的管理及使用规定。
采用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定胰腺组织,经脱水、石蜡包埋后,制备厚4 μm的切片并进行HE染色。在光学显微镜下观察其病理形态学改变,由两位病理医师参照Schmidt等[12]报道的评分标准独立地对胰腺损伤程度从水肿、坏死、出血、炎性细胞浸润等方面进行评分。
于造模后12 h经腹主动脉采集大鼠血液样本,静置30 min后,以3500 r/min离心20 min,收集上清液,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清脂肪酶及淀粉酶的活性,具体操作步骤严格按照说明书进行。
采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及IL-18的水平,具体操作步骤严格按照说明书进行。
采用Trizol法提取胰腺组织总RNA,使用NanoDrop-2000微量紫外分光光度计测定RNA浓度及光密度(OD)值,OD260/OD280值在1.8~2.0符合标准。采用一步法PCR试剂盒进行反转录及扩增,具体条件如下:42 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 5 s、60 ℃ 30 s,共40个循环。以GAPDH作为内参照基因,引物均由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成,具体序列见表1
使用全蛋白提取试剂盒,按照说明书提取胰腺组织总蛋白,使用Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测蛋白样品的浓度,然后加入蛋白质载样缓冲液煮沸后分装,置于–80 ℃保存。通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)体系分离目标蛋白,将目标蛋白转移至PVDF膜后,使用5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭2 h。加入一抗在4 ℃摇床上孵育12 h,一抗的稀释比例如下:caspase-1(1:1000)、cleaved-caspase-1(1:2000)、ASC(1:1000)、NLRP3(1:1000)、GSDMD(1:5000)、cleaved-GSDMD(1:1000)、GAPDH(1:5000)。一抗孵育结束后,使用TBST洗涤3次,室温下加入二抗(1:10 000)孵育1 h,洗涤3次后在Azure c300化学发光成像系统上检测蛋白的表达情况。
使用3%戊二醛预固定约0.1 mm3的胰腺组织,使用1%四氧化锇再固定,丙酮逐级脱水后采用Ep812树脂包埋,进行超薄切片后使用醋酸铀及枸橼酸铅染色,使用JEM-1400Flash透射电子显微镜进行观察。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0及SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,方差齐时,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验;方差不齐时,多组间比较采用非参数检验(Kruskal-Wallis检验),进一步组间两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
造模12 h后,HE染色结果显示SAP组胰腺组织出现了大片坏死、间质水肿、大量炎性细胞浸润及胰腺小叶结构紊乱等改变,组织病理学总评分及4个方面(水肿、坏死、出血、炎性细胞浸润)的具体评分均明显增高,而假手术组胰腺组织结构基本正常;APD组胰腺组织结构损伤与SAP组比较明显减轻:坏死面积明显减少,胰腺小叶结构基本清晰,炎性细胞浸润减轻,病理学评分也较SAP组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图1)。
SAP组脂肪酶及淀粉酶活性较假手术组明显升高,APD组较SAP组明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,SAP组血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18水平明显升高,但APD组较SAP组均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。
RT-PCR检测结果显示,SAP组的caspase-1NLRP3ASCGSDMD的mRNA表达水平明显高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与SAP组比较,APD组的caspase-1NLRP3ASCGSDMD的mRNA表达水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3)。
RT-PCR检测结果显示,SAP组IL-1βIL-18的mRNA表达水平明显高于假手术组,APD组IL-1βIL-18的mRNA表达水平明显低于SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,SAP组的焦亡通路相关蛋白caspase-1、cleaved-caspase-1、NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD及cleaved-GSDMD表达水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);APD组上述焦亡通路相关蛋白表达水平低于SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图5)。
透射电镜观察显示,与假手术组比较,SAP组出现了明显的线粒体及内质网扩张,核染色质凝聚,在细胞膜上出现了明显的膜孔形成(即焦亡的特征性改变)。与SAP组比较,APD组线粒体及内质网扩张明显减轻,核染色质凝聚明显减少(图6)。
SAP是一种发病率高、进展迅速且病死率高的消化系统疾病,与机体免疫反应密切相关并能诱发器官衰竭,以至早期死亡[2, 12-13]。在急性胰腺炎发病早期,主要是由损伤的细胞引发局部炎症反应,从而进一步释放促炎因子,募集更多的炎性细胞,并可能诱发SIRS[14],持续的SIRS易导致全身器官功能紊乱及器官衰竭[15-16]。已经证实PAAF中含有大量有毒物质,如炎性介质、消化酶及内毒素等,它们能够刺激机体产生大量促炎因子,加重全身炎症反应并可导致器官衰竭[17-19]。本研究结果表明,行APD治疗即排除腹水的有毒物质后,可以明显降低血清中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6等炎性因子水平,有效控制全身炎症反应,减轻胰腺病理损伤。因此,探明APD的治疗机制有助于为临床行APD治疗SAP提供证据,也有利于寻找相应治疗靶点,为研究相关药物辅助治疗SAP提供思路。
细胞焦亡是一种促炎形式的溶解性细胞死亡方式,经典的焦亡途径包括caspase-1激活、膜孔形成及细胞内容物释放[9, 20-22]。Caspase 1的激活需要NLRP3炎性复合物的参与,它由NLRP3、ASC及pro-caspase-1组成。NLRP3被认为是细胞内损伤的感受器,能够对病原相关分子模式及损伤相关分子模式做出反应[23]。活化的NLRP3把信号传递给下游的ASC,后者可作为桥梁募集pro-caspase-1,形成炎性复合体并切割pro-caspase-1为有活性的caspase-1。活性caspase-1切割GSDMD,切割的GSDMD识别并结合到细胞膜形成膜孔,诱导焦亡形成[11, 20-21]。有研究表明,细胞焦亡参与多种疾病的进展及组织损伤[20-21]。例如,在糖尿病大鼠模型中,NLRP3激活诱导的焦亡会加重心肌缺血再灌注损伤[24]。本研究发现,SAP大鼠胰腺组织的NLRP3、ASC、pro-caspase-1、cleaved-caspase-1、GSDMD及cleaved-GSDMD表达均明显升高,表明NLRP3激活caspase-1诱导的焦亡在SAP形成中起重要作用。在透射电镜下可观察到SAP大鼠胰腺组织细胞膜孔的形成,进一步证实了焦亡的形成。此外,细胞焦亡及凋亡在形态学上有一些共同特征,如核染色质凝聚[25]。经APD治疗后,caspase-1诱导的焦亡相关蛋白表达明显降低,且胰腺组织损伤明显减轻,超微结构紊乱也明显好转,核染色质凝聚明显减少,提示APD治疗可通过降低caspase-1诱导的焦亡减轻SAP的胰腺损伤。
Caspase-1被激活后,会募集并裂解IL-1β及IL-18前体为有活性的IL-1β及IL-18[9]。焦亡形成的膜孔会导致IL-1β及IL-18从细胞内释放到细胞外,进而诱导并加重全身反应。已有研究证实IL-1β是无菌性炎症及损伤反应的重要因子[26]。在急性胰腺炎中,IL-1β被认为是导致早期炎症扩散的主要细胞因子[27]。不仅如此,Xu等[28]在体外使用IL-1β处理胰腺腺泡细胞AR42J,发现其可通过介导自噬紊乱使AR42J细胞内的酶原提前激活,提示IL-1β还会损伤正常腺泡细胞。IL-18以其能激活γ干扰素(interferon-γ,INF-γ)而被知晓[29]。早在2007年的一项研究就表明,caspase-1激活的IL-18参与了急性胰腺炎的进展[30]。最近的一项研究表明,SIRS及代偿性抗炎反应综合征在急性胰腺炎中同时发生,其中IL-18通过诱导2型辅助T细胞(T-helper 2,Th2)介导的反应发挥促炎作用,IL-18缺陷小鼠能够减少T细胞激活而不增加Th2介导的反应[31]。在本研究中,SAP组大鼠血清炎性因子IL-1β、IL-18、IL-6及TNF-α水平明显升高,经过APD处理后,上述炎性因子水平明显下降;胰腺组织的IL-1βIL-18的mRNA表达水平也明显降低,提示APD治疗能够减轻全身及局部的炎症反应。
实际上,焦亡一旦发生即可导致大量细胞内容物释放,细胞内容物包含大量有害物质如三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)、游离脂肪酸、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)等[32-33]。ATP、游离脂肪酸可以通过P2X7受体激活NLRP3炎性复合体,加重胰腺损伤及炎症反应[34-35]。HMGB1是一种重要的炎性介质,可通过Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)-4及TLR-9诱导并增强急性胰腺炎的无菌性炎症反应[36-37]。本课题组前期研究发现,SAP大鼠腹水及血清中的HMGB1含量均明显升高,中和腹水HMGB1可明显减轻胰腺损伤及全身炎症反应[38]
综上所述,NLRP3炎性小体激活的caspase-1介导的焦亡在SAP大鼠胰腺中被激活,并参与SAP的病情进展;早期实施APD可通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体激活的caspase-1介导的焦亡,减轻局部及全身炎症反应,进而减轻SAP的胰腺损伤,为临床早期实施APD以及开发抑制焦亡治疗SAP的药物提供了依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81772001)
  • 国家临床重点专科项目(41732113)
  • 四川省科技计划项目(2019YJ0277)
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2022年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0863
  • 接收时间:2021-11-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-04
  • 录用日期:2022-01-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772001)
国家自然科学基金(81772001)
National Clinical Key Subject of China(41732113)
国家临床重点专科项目(41732113)
Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province(2019YJ0277)
四川省科技计划项目(2019YJ0277)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610063
    2西部战区总医院全军普通外科中心/四川省胰腺损伤与修复重点实验室,四川成都 610083
    3西部战区总医院基础医学实验室,四川成都 610083

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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