Article(id=1207416366886392146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0915, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1627315200000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1631635200000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-15, onlineDate=1765800094577, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1664294400000, pubDateStr=2022-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765800094577, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765800094577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800094577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207416365246419268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='851', pageEnd='956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765800094186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800167087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=915, endPage=921, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207416367175799127, articleId=1207416366886392146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Analysis of the risk factors and lipid-lowering schemes related to coronary heart disease complicated with carotid plaque, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the risk factors related to coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with carotid plaque, and compare the effects of different lipid-lowering treatment schemes on carotid plaque. Methods The data of 335 patients with CHD, hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of Wuhan First Hospital and undergone coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2017 to December 2019, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The biochemical indexes of CHD with carotid plaque group (n=257) and CHD without carotid plaque group (n=78) were compared,and the factors affecting the distribution of blood lipid levels were screened and analyzed in the CHD with carotid plaque group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors of CHD complicated with carotid plaque.Then the patients in CHD complicated with carotid plaque group were divided into four subgroups according to the actual oral lipid-lowering drug regimen: atorvastatin 20 mg group (n=90), atorvastatin 10 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg group (n=51), rosuvastatin 10 mg group (n=71), and pivastatin 2 mg group (n=36). The number and size changes of carotid plaques were analyzed before and one year after PCI. Results The BMI, blood pressure (including systolic pressure and diastolic pressure), serum creatinine and uric acid levels, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) increased obviously in CHD complicated with carotid plaque group compared with without carotid plaque group (P<0.01). In patients with CHD complicated with carotid plaque, gender, age and BMI were the factors affecting blood lipid levels (P<0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, Lp-PLA2,LDL-C, creatinine, albumin and uric acid were the risk factors affecting carotid plaque (P<0.05). The number and/or size decreased of carotid plaques could be reduced by different lipid-lowering treatment schemes one year after PCI in the four subgroups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions Biochemical indicators such as HbA1c, Lp-PLA2, LDL-C,creatinine, albumin and uric acid can be used for screening and targeted prevention and treatment of high-risk population. Different lipid-lowering treatment schemes have no significant effect on carotid plaque.

, correspAuthors=Li-Qun He, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的相关危险因素,并比较不同降脂治疗方案对颈动脉斑块的影响。方法 收集2017年1月-2019年12月因冠心病在武汉市第一医院心内科住院并行冠脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的335例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对比分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组(n=257)与冠心病无颈动脉斑块组(n=78)的生化指标,在冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组中筛查并分析影响血脂水平分布的因素。采用单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素。剔除冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组无法成组的9例患者,根据实际口服降脂药物方案分为4个亚组:阿托伐他汀20 mg组(n=90)、阿托伐他汀10 mg+依折麦布10 mg组(n=51)、瑞舒伐他汀10 mg组(n=71)、匹伐他汀2 mg组(n=36)。分析4组间PCI术前和术后1年颈动脉斑块数目及大小的变化情况。结果 冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组较无斑块组体重指数(BMI)、血压(包括收缩压和舒张压)、血肌酐、血尿酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)均明显升高(P<0.01)。在冠心病合并颈动脉斑块患者中,性别、年龄、BMI是影响血脂水平的因素(P<0.05)。综合上述指标行单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析,结果显示,HbA1c、Lp-PLA2、LDL-C、肌酐、白蛋白和尿酸是影响颈动脉斑块的危险因素(P<0.05)。与PCI术前相比,采用不同降脂治疗方案的4个亚组术后1年均出现明显的颈动脉斑块数目减少和(或)体积缩小,但组间差异无统计学意义。结论 HbA1c、Lp-PLA2、LDL-C、肌酐、白蛋白和尿酸等生化指标可用于冠心病合并颈动脉斑块高危人群的筛查及针对性防治。不同降脂治疗方案对颈动脉斑块无明显影响。

, correspAuthors=贺立群, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
贺立群,E-mail:
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冯莹,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事心血管疾病方面的临床研究

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J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(17): e016507., articleTitle=Anti-inflammatory HDL function, incident cardiovascular events, and mortality: a secondary analysis of the JUPITER randomized clinical trial, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207416371848253967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, awardId=WX21Q11, language=EN, fundingSource=Wuhan Health Commission Youth Fund Project(WX21Q11), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207416371940528659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, awardId=WX21Q11, language=CN, fundingSource=武汉市卫健委青年基金项目(WX21Q11), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207416368081768827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416368085963132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, companyId=1207416368081768827, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416368094351741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, companyId=1207416368081768827, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=武汉市第一医院心内科,湖北武汉 430000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207416370661265872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Carotid plaque changes in different statin treatment subgroups 1 year after PCI, figureFileSmall=PUv6eGhZy9q4Aiq4pyyq6w==, figureFileBig=8aSlAmN3xgZaTkJvIM40RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416370724180439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同降脂方案治疗亚组PCI术后1年颈动脉斑块的变化, figureFileSmall=PUv6eGhZy9q4Aiq4pyyq6w==, figureFileBig=8aSlAmN3xgZaTkJvIM40RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416370912924128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of demographic data and biochemical indexes between patients in two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标冠心病无颈动脉斑块组(n=78)冠心病颈动脉斑块组(n=257)χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]  5.230.086
 48(61.5)177(67.2)
 30(38.5)80(32.8)
居住地[例(%)]  4.420.063
 城市60(76.9)208(80.0)
 农村18(23.1)49(20.0)
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)53.3±6.155.5±6.07.4120.079
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)24.80±3.3026.50±3.208.312<0.01
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$)85.0±9.583.0±10.10.3250.712
收缩压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)138±19141±175.426<0.01
舒张压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)78±1180±105.978<0.01
血肌酐(μmmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)73.56±18.2575.58±19.231.425<0.01
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)45.62±3.1241.28±2.483.539<0.05
血尿酸(μmmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)278.23±77.52313.26±68.697.698<0.01
ALT(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)19.94±10.2319.89±10.081.6540.480
AST(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)21.25±12.4520.89±11.972.4360.312
TG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.78±1.271.87±1.342.6690.032
TC(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)5.25±1.115.36±1.259.384<0.01
LDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)3.76±0.683.84±1.899.157<0.01
HDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.21±0.561.13±0.428.7310.065
FBG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)9.2±3.39.3±3.51.2480.360
HbA1c(%, $\bar{x}±s$)7.1±2.27.3±2.30.427<0.01
Lp-PLA2(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)598.12±168.79645.67±154.383.924<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371009393128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患者的人口学资料及生化指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标冠心病无颈动脉斑块组(n=78)冠心病颈动脉斑块组(n=257)χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]  5.230.086
 48(61.5)177(67.2)
 30(38.5)80(32.8)
居住地[例(%)]  4.420.063
 城市60(76.9)208(80.0)
 农村18(23.1)49(20.0)
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)53.3±6.155.5±6.07.4120.079
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)24.80±3.3026.50±3.208.312<0.01
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$)85.0±9.583.0±10.10.3250.712
收缩压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)138±19141±175.426<0.01
舒张压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)78±1180±105.978<0.01
血肌酐(μmmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)73.56±18.2575.58±19.231.425<0.01
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)45.62±3.1241.28±2.483.539<0.05
血尿酸(μmmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)278.23±77.52313.26±68.697.698<0.01
ALT(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)19.94±10.2319.89±10.081.6540.480
AST(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)21.25±12.4520.89±11.972.4360.312
TG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.78±1.271.87±1.342.6690.032
TC(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)5.25±1.115.36±1.259.384<0.01
LDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)3.76±0.683.84±1.899.157<0.01
HDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.21±0.561.13±0.428.7310.065
FBG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)9.2±3.39.3±3.51.2480.360
HbA1c(%, $\bar{x}±s$)7.1±2.27.3±2.30.427<0.01
Lp-PLA2(U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)598.12±168.79645.67±154.383.924<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371114250732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Mean distribution of blood lipid level (mmol/L) in patients with CHD complicated with carotid plaque (mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
性别
 男(n=177)5.12±1.021.98±1.181.22±0.333.34±0.98
 女(n=80)4.87±1.111.87±1.291.15±0.393.25±1.81
 t8.1242.1149.3263.358
 P<0.010.0450.021<0.01
年龄(岁)
 <40(n=28)4.89±1.051.94±1.981.18±0.232.97±0.99
 40~49(n=47)4.91±1.141.97±1.871.36±0.123.28±3.12
 50~59(n=53)5.03±1.022.03±2.121.28±0.363.11±0.96
 60~69(n=89)4.92±1.102.01±2.281.25±0.333.15±1.00
 ≥70(n=40)4.87±0.982.23±1.961.19±0.283.19±1.11
 F1.4968.8741.9961.867
 P0.1650.0450.021<0.01
BMI(kg/m2)
 <18.5(n=35)4.93±0.381.64±1.781.30±0.672.96±0.71
 18.5~24.0(n=48)4.95±1.181.62±1.951.29±0.383.08±1.02
 24.0~28.0(n=116)4.99±1.302.13±2.471.17±0.313.02±0.97
 ≥28.0(n=56)4.85±1.111.98±2.361.20±0.293.22±3.87
 F1.51262.32235.0270.241
 P0.214<0.01<0.010.886
居住地
 城市(n=208)5.03±0.261.78±1.231.36±0.872.99±0.75
 农村(n=49)4.87±0.542.23±1.461.33±0.693.15±0.64
 F1.4262.5638.4393.147
 P0.2810.0630.1920.097
降脂方案
 阿托伐他汀20 mg组(n=90)5.34±0.271.99±1.031.41±0.683.02±0.92
 阿托伐他汀10 mg+依折麦布10 mg组(n=51)5.28±0.361.85±1.741.39±0.633.13±0.31
 瑞舒伐他汀10 mg组(n=71)5.31±0.122.02±1.561.27±0.742.94±1.14
 匹伐他汀2 mg组(n=36)5.06±0.482.34±1.221.38±0.553.07±0.33
 F1.5362.8749.2673.235
 P0.4210.0590.2360.114
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371282022895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组患者血脂四项均值分布情况(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标TCTGHDL-CLDL-C
性别
 男(n=177)5.12±1.021.98±1.181.22±0.333.34±0.98
 女(n=80)4.87±1.111.87±1.291.15±0.393.25±1.81
 t8.1242.1149.3263.358
 P<0.010.0450.021<0.01
年龄(岁)
 <40(n=28)4.89±1.051.94±1.981.18±0.232.97±0.99
 40~49(n=47)4.91±1.141.97±1.871.36±0.123.28±3.12
 50~59(n=53)5.03±1.022.03±2.121.28±0.363.11±0.96
 60~69(n=89)4.92±1.102.01±2.281.25±0.333.15±1.00
 ≥70(n=40)4.87±0.982.23±1.961.19±0.283.19±1.11
 F1.4968.8741.9961.867
 P0.1650.0450.021<0.01
BMI(kg/m2)
 <18.5(n=35)4.93±0.381.64±1.781.30±0.672.96±0.71
 18.5~24.0(n=48)4.95±1.181.62±1.951.29±0.383.08±1.02
 24.0~28.0(n=116)4.99±1.302.13±2.471.17±0.313.02±0.97
 ≥28.0(n=56)4.85±1.111.98±2.361.20±0.293.22±3.87
 F1.51262.32235.0270.241
 P0.214<0.01<0.010.886
居住地
 城市(n=208)5.03±0.261.78±1.231.36±0.872.99±0.75
 农村(n=49)4.87±0.542.23±1.461.33±0.693.15±0.64
 F1.4262.5638.4393.147
 P0.2810.0630.1920.097
降脂方案
 阿托伐他汀20 mg组(n=90)5.34±0.271.99±1.031.41±0.683.02±0.92
 阿托伐他汀10 mg+依折麦布10 mg组(n=51)5.28±0.361.85±1.741.39±0.633.13±0.31
 瑞舒伐他汀10 mg组(n=71)5.31±0.122.02±1.561.27±0.742.94±1.14
 匹伐他汀2 mg组(n=36)5.06±0.482.34±1.221.38±0.553.07±0.33
 F1.5362.8749.2673.235
 P0.4210.0590.2360.114
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371428823543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Univariate logistic regression analysis of CHD complicated with carotid plaque

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2OR(95% CI)P
BMI0.0620.00886.7431.034(1.031~1.053)<0.01
HbA1c0.1230.02151.2341.125(1.112~1.147)<0.01
高血压病史0.5740.12525.3711.812(1.539~2.223)<0.01
血肌酐0.1890.1342.8950.756(1.574~1.961)<0.01
尿酸0.0030.00093.4121.001(1.000~1.003)<0.01
血脂异常0.0230.00578.6591.663(1.334~1.975)<0.01
白蛋白0.0280.00365.7431.028(1.013~1.032)<0.01
Lp-PLA20.6650.00929.2361.926(1.587~2.312)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371516903933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

冠心病合并颈动脉斑块危险因素的单因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2OR(95% CI)P
BMI0.0620.00886.7431.034(1.031~1.053)<0.01
HbA1c0.1230.02151.2341.125(1.112~1.147)<0.01
高血压病史0.5740.12525.3711.812(1.539~2.223)<0.01
血肌酐0.1890.1342.8950.756(1.574~1.961)<0.01
尿酸0.0030.00093.4121.001(1.000~1.003)<0.01
血脂异常0.0230.00578.6591.663(1.334~1.975)<0.01
白蛋白0.0280.00365.7431.028(1.013~1.032)<0.01
Lp-PLA20.6650.00929.2361.926(1.587~2.312)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371617567237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of CHD complicated with carotid plaque

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2OR(95% CI)P
性别0.4390.1379.5871.539(1.138~1.912)<0.05
年龄(岁)
 <40   1.000
 40~49   1.000
 50~590.2360.1801.6241.226(1.105~1.694)<0.05
 60~690.3870.1754.0361.418(1.002~2.105)<0.05
 ≥70   1.000
HbA1c
 <7%   1.000
 ≥7%0.2980.1324.7861.322(1.006~1.672)<0.05
血肌酐0.2790.1444.6270.697(1.521~1.906)<0.05
尿酸0.0040.00122.3541.004(1.002~1.006)<0.05
白蛋白0.0530.01515.2631.045(1.026~1.081)<0.05
血脂
 TG   1.000
 TC   1.000
 HDL-C   1.000
 LDL-C0.7560.19318.461.883(1.193~2.101)<0.05
Lp-PLA2
 <659 U/L   1.000
 ≥659 U/L0.7950.17917.1232.136(1.498~2.996)<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371701453319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366886392146, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

冠心病合并颈动脉斑块危险因素的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2OR(95% CI)P
性别0.4390.1379.5871.539(1.138~1.912)<0.05
年龄(岁)
 <40   1.000
 40~49   1.000
 50~590.2360.1801.6241.226(1.105~1.694)<0.05
 60~690.3870.1754.0361.418(1.002~2.105)<0.05
 ≥70   1.000
HbA1c
 <7%   1.000
 ≥7%0.2980.1324.7861.322(1.006~1.672)<0.05
血肌酐0.2790.1444.6270.697(1.521~1.906)<0.05
尿酸0.0040.00122.3541.004(1.002~1.006)<0.05
白蛋白0.0530.01515.2631.045(1.026~1.081)<0.05
血脂
 TG   1.000
 TC   1.000
 HDL-C   1.000
 LDL-C0.7560.19318.461.883(1.193~2.101)<0.05
Lp-PLA2
 <659 U/L   1.000
 ≥659 U/L0.7950.17917.1232.136(1.498~2.996)<0.05
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冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素及降脂方案分析
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冯莹 , 贺立群 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(9): 915-921
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(9): 915-921
冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素及降脂方案分析
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冯莹, 贺立群*
作者信息
  • 武汉市第一医院心内科,湖北武汉 430000
  • 冯莹,医学博士,主治医师,主要从事心血管疾病方面的临床研究

通讯作者:

贺立群,E-mail:
Analysis of the risk factors and lipid-lowering schemes related to coronary heart disease complicated with carotid plaque
Ying Feng, Li-Qun He*
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
出版时间: 2022-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0915
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目的 探讨冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的相关危险因素,并比较不同降脂治疗方案对颈动脉斑块的影响。方法 收集2017年1月-2019年12月因冠心病在武汉市第一医院心内科住院并行冠脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的335例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对比分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组(n=257)与冠心病无颈动脉斑块组(n=78)的生化指标,在冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组中筛查并分析影响血脂水平分布的因素。采用单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素。剔除冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组无法成组的9例患者,根据实际口服降脂药物方案分为4个亚组:阿托伐他汀20 mg组(n=90)、阿托伐他汀10 mg+依折麦布10 mg组(n=51)、瑞舒伐他汀10 mg组(n=71)、匹伐他汀2 mg组(n=36)。分析4组间PCI术前和术后1年颈动脉斑块数目及大小的变化情况。结果 冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组较无斑块组体重指数(BMI)、血压(包括收缩压和舒张压)、血肌酐、血尿酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)均明显升高(P<0.01)。在冠心病合并颈动脉斑块患者中,性别、年龄、BMI是影响血脂水平的因素(P<0.05)。综合上述指标行单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析,结果显示,HbA1c、Lp-PLA2、LDL-C、肌酐、白蛋白和尿酸是影响颈动脉斑块的危险因素(P<0.05)。与PCI术前相比,采用不同降脂治疗方案的4个亚组术后1年均出现明显的颈动脉斑块数目减少和(或)体积缩小,但组间差异无统计学意义。结论 HbA1c、Lp-PLA2、LDL-C、肌酐、白蛋白和尿酸等生化指标可用于冠心病合并颈动脉斑块高危人群的筛查及针对性防治。不同降脂治疗方案对颈动脉斑块无明显影响。

颈动脉斑块  /  脂蛋白磷脂酶A2  /  低密度脂蛋白胆固醇  /  冠心病

Objective To explore the risk factors related to coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with carotid plaque, and compare the effects of different lipid-lowering treatment schemes on carotid plaque. Methods The data of 335 patients with CHD, hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of Wuhan First Hospital and undergone coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2017 to December 2019, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The biochemical indexes of CHD with carotid plaque group (n=257) and CHD without carotid plaque group (n=78) were compared,and the factors affecting the distribution of blood lipid levels were screened and analyzed in the CHD with carotid plaque group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors of CHD complicated with carotid plaque.Then the patients in CHD complicated with carotid plaque group were divided into four subgroups according to the actual oral lipid-lowering drug regimen: atorvastatin 20 mg group (n=90), atorvastatin 10 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg group (n=51), rosuvastatin 10 mg group (n=71), and pivastatin 2 mg group (n=36). The number and size changes of carotid plaques were analyzed before and one year after PCI. Results The BMI, blood pressure (including systolic pressure and diastolic pressure), serum creatinine and uric acid levels, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) increased obviously in CHD complicated with carotid plaque group compared with without carotid plaque group (P<0.01). In patients with CHD complicated with carotid plaque, gender, age and BMI were the factors affecting blood lipid levels (P<0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, Lp-PLA2,LDL-C, creatinine, albumin and uric acid were the risk factors affecting carotid plaque (P<0.05). The number and/or size decreased of carotid plaques could be reduced by different lipid-lowering treatment schemes one year after PCI in the four subgroups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions Biochemical indicators such as HbA1c, Lp-PLA2, LDL-C,creatinine, albumin and uric acid can be used for screening and targeted prevention and treatment of high-risk population. Different lipid-lowering treatment schemes have no significant effect on carotid plaque.

carotid plaque  /  lipoprotein phospholipase A2  /  low density lipoprotein cholesterol  /  coronary heart disease
冯莹, 贺立群. 冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素及降脂方案分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (9) : 915 -921 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0915
Ying Feng, Li-Qun He. Analysis of the risk factors and lipid-lowering schemes related to coronary heart disease complicated with carotid plaque[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (9) : 915 -921 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0915
冠心病的基础病理改变为动脉粥样硬化斑块形成[1-2]。颈动脉斑块形成是冠心病、脑卒中等血管疾病的危险因素[3-4],而颈部血管易于进行彩超检查,故颈动脉超声常用于综合评估冠心病、脑卒中等疾病[5]。他汀类药物[6-7]、依折麦布[8]等降脂药已被证实可起到稳定斑块的作用,是冠心病二级预防的基础用药。不同种类及剂量的他汀或其他类型降脂药物的降脂幅度略有不同,存在一定的个体差异。2019年欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)/欧洲动脉硬化学会(European Atherosclerosis Society,EAS)血脂指南[9]及2018年《中国稳定性冠心病诊断与治疗指南》[10]指出,血脂[尤其是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平越低,冠心病进展的风险越低。本研究针对已确诊冠心病并已行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的患者,分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素,并比较不同降脂治疗方案对颈动脉斑块的影响,旨在寻找可用于筛查颈动脉斑块的生化指标,明确冠心病合并颈动脉斑块最适宜的降脂治疗方案。
收集2017年1月-2019年12月在武汉市第一医院心血管内科住院并通过择期冠脉造影明确诊断为冠心病的335例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。纳入标准:(1)1支及以上血管狭窄程度≥50%的冠心病患者;(2)术后1年再次入院复诊;(3)两次住院均行颈部血管彩超检查。排除标准:急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死及急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者。根据颈动脉彩超结果分为冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组(n=257)与冠心病无颈动脉斑块组(n=78)。随后,排除使用其他类别降脂药物,数目过少而无法单独成组的患者(n=9)后,将冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的248例患者根据实际使用的降脂治疗方案分为4个亚组:阿托伐他汀20 mg组(n=90)、阿托伐他汀10 mg+依折麦布10 mg组(n=51)、瑞舒伐他汀10 mg组(n=71)及匹伐他汀2 mg组(n=36)。本研究获华中科技大学同济医学院医学伦理委员会审批[(2021)IEC(A012)]。
收集并整理所有患者的病例资料,包括一般情况[年龄、性别、居住地、体重指数(BMI)等],病史(高血压、2型糖尿病等),生化检查资料[谷丙转氨酶(AST)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)、血肌酐、血白蛋白、血脂水平、尿酸、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)等],以及颈动脉超声检查结果(颈动脉斑块情况)。
BMI按2004年《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)》[11]进行分类:<18.5 kg/m2为体重过低,18.5~23.9 kg/m2为正常,24.0~27.9 kg/m2为超重,≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖。血脂四项:总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC,正常范围:3.38~5.17 mmol/L)、LDL-C(正常范围:2.07~3.10 mmol/L)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL-C,正常范围:0.9~1.6 mmol/L)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG,正常范围:0.53~2.06 mmol/L),其中1项及以上血脂指标异常即定义为血脂异常。根据《中国高血压防治指南2018》[12],高血压定义为在未服用降高血压药物情况下,3次非同天测量结果均为收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90 mmHg。HbA1c≥7%定义为异常,提示糖耐量异常或2型糖尿病[13]。颈动脉斑块则通过颈动脉彩超诊断,是指颈部血管(包括单侧或双侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉)血管内壁的脂肪和钙类物质沉积。
比较冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组与冠心病无颈动脉斑块组的相关生化指标是否存在差异;在冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组内筛查并分析影响血脂水平分布的因素(包括年龄、性别、BMI、居住地、降脂治疗方案等)。将上述步骤中筛查出的相关指标依次纳入单因素及多因素的logistic回归分析,明确影响颈动脉斑块发生发展的危险因素。变量赋值如下。性别:男=0,女=1;年龄:<40岁=0,40~49岁=1,50~59岁=2,60~69岁=3,≥70岁=4;颈动脉斑块:无=0,有=1;血脂异常:否=0,是=1;居住地:城市=0,乡村=1;文化程度:小学及以下=0,初中=1,高中、中专或技校=2,专科、本科及以上=3;BMI:<18.5 kg/m2=0,18.5~24.0 kg/m2=1,24.0~28.0 kg/m2=2,≥28.0 kg/m2=3;HbA1c:≤7%=0,>7%=1;高血压:无=0,有=1;Lp-PLA2:<659 U/L=0,≥659 U/L=1。AST、ALT、血肌酐、尿酸、血白蛋白均为连续变量。最后对比并分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的4个亚组间PCI术前、术后1年的颈动脉斑块数目及大小的变化情况,具体归类标准:如有斑块数目减少,则归入“数量减少”;如无斑块数目减少,但有斑块体积缩小,则归入“体积缩小”;既无斑块数目减少,又无斑块体积缩小,则归入“无效果”。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,如为偏态分布资料,可转化为正态分布资料,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的影响因素采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
纳入患者335例,年龄(54.9±6.0)岁,其中,男225例(67.2%),女110例(32.8%);来自城市的患者268例(80.0%),农村的为67例(20.0%);文化程度为小学及以下者105例(31.3%),初中为124例(37.0%),高中、中专或技校为78例(23.3%),大专或本科及以上为28例(8.4%)。
两组患者的性别、年龄及居住地差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组BMI、血压(包括收缩压和舒张压)、血肌酐、血尿酸、LDL-C、TC、HbA1c、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于无斑块组(P<0.01,表1)。
分析冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组中年龄、性别、BMI、居住地、降脂治疗方案等因素是否与血脂四项水平有关,结果显示:居住地及降脂治疗方案对血脂四项水平无明显影响;男性患者的血脂四项均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);≥70岁者TG水平最高,而40~49岁者HDL-C及LDL-C水平最高,与其他年龄段比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);BMI为24.0~28.0 kg/m2人群TG水平最高,HDL-C水平最低,与其他BMI人群比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
以是否合并颈动脉斑块作为因变量,以上述有差异的指标作为自变量,行单因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,BMI、HbA1c、高血压病史、血肌酐、尿酸、白蛋白、血脂异常、Lp-PLA2等为冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素(表3)。
调整性别及年龄变量,以是否合并颈动脉斑块为因变量,以单因素logistic回归分析有统计学意义的指标BMI、HbA1c、高血压病史、血肌酐、尿酸、血脂异常、白蛋白、Lp-PLA2等为自变量,采用向前逐步回归法,纳入多因素二元logistic回归模型,结果显示,男性(OR=1.539)、高龄(50~59岁:OR=1.226;60~69岁:OR=1.418)、HbA1c水平(OR=1.322)、血肌酐(OR=1.697)、尿酸(OR=1.004)、LDL-C(OR=1.883)、白蛋白(OR=1.045)、Lp-PLA2(OR=2.136)为冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素(P<0.05,表4)。
4个亚组患者在PCI术后1年复诊时,其颈动脉斑块的改变情况见图1,4组的总体有效率(包括斑块数量减少和斑块体积缩小)大致相当,组间无明显差异。
颈动脉斑块既是冠心病的危险因素,也是冠心病常见的合并症之一,两者密切相关。降脂治疗至关重要,如能明确冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素,并筛选出最适宜的降脂治疗方案,可为冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的早期诊断及精准治疗带来获益。本研究对两组患者的基本资料及生化指标进行对比后发现,与无斑块组相比,冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐、血尿酸、LDL-C、TC、HbA1c、Lp-PLA2明显升高,白蛋白水平明显降低。对冠心病合并颈动脉斑块组患者进行logistic回归分析发现,男性、>50岁、HbA1c≥7%、LDL-C升高、Lp-PLA2升高,以及血肌酐、白蛋白、血尿酸异常的患者更易合并颈动脉斑块,提示HbA1c升高、肌酐异常、白蛋白下降、血尿酸升高、Lp-PLA2升高、LDL-C升高均是冠心病合并颈动脉斑块的危险因素。
HbA1c≥7%提示2型糖尿病或糖耐量异常,高血糖是血管疾病明确的危险因素之一。血糖升高可通过血管内皮功能障碍等多种机制损伤全身血管,从而导致斑块沉积[14]。血脂(尤其是LDL-C)水平升高可增加斑块发生的风险[15]。因此,冠心病的关键治疗措施包括稳定斑块[16],将血脂控制在较低的水平。Lp-PLA2是冠心病的生物标志物[17],对其他血管病变(类似冠心病的病理机制)也有一定的提示作用。肌酐异常提示患者存在肾功能不全,且肾衰竭患者发生心血管病变甚至心肌梗死的概率也会增高[18]。白蛋白水平在一定程度上代表了患者的营养状况,低白蛋白多见于高龄患者,虽无明确结论证实低白蛋白水平为冠心病的危险因素,但年龄为冠心病明确的危险因素之一,故笔者推测白蛋白水平可能通过年龄因素间接影响冠心病的发生[19]。高尿酸血症不仅可致痛风发作,还与冠心病的发生有关,近年来受到越来越多的关注[20]。综上,冠心病、颈动脉斑块等血管粥样硬化性疾病的本质均为代谢性疾病[21],因此,与代谢相关的指标均与之息息相关。
在所有的代谢指标中,与冠心病及颈动脉斑块联系最紧密的是血脂水平[21]。影响人群血脂水平的因素包括性别、年龄及BMI等。本研究也发现,男性的TC、LDL-C水平较女性增高,但也有研究得出了完全相反的结论[22]。可能的原因是,本研究纳入的是行PCI的冠心病患者,其血脂水平可能较健康人群更高;此外,纳入的男性居多,这也可能导致分析结果出现偏倚。年龄可影响LDL-C水平,也再次证实高龄是心血管疾病明确的危险因素[19]。BMI可客观地反映个体的肥胖程度,并影响HDL-C、TG水平。其中,TG水平与油腻饮食有明确关联,长期油腻饮食易致超重或肥胖,即BMI超标[23];而HDL-C可运载周围组织中的胆固醇,并将其转化为胆汁酸或直接通过肠道排出[24],其水平降低,则提示机体的抗动脉粥样硬化能力减弱,对冠心病、颈动脉斑块等血管疾病更易感,这也是超重或肥胖的弊端之一。
本研究将冠心病合并颈动脉硬化的患者根据接受的降脂治疗方案分为4个亚组,结果发现组间血脂水平无明显差异。为进一步探讨降脂治疗对颈动脉斑块的影响,本研究分析了行PCI的冠心病患者术前及术后1年颈动脉斑块数目及大小的差异,发现4个亚组在改善颈动脉斑块方面也无明显差异,可能的原因为:(1)样本量小,可能尚未完全反映问题;(2)所有亚组实际选用的降脂治疗方案均为经典的他汀和(或)依折麦布,其稳定斑块的作用较确切;(3)颈动脉超声在评价斑块数目及大小方面可能存在偏差;(4)纳入的均为PCI术后1年内的患者,服药等各项依从性良好,综合治疗效果较好。
综上所述,本研究从不同角度分析探讨了影响颈动脉斑块的危险因素,对识别高危人群、提早预防、强化治疗均有一定的指导意义。本研究由于样本量和观察时长的局限,未能明确不同的降脂治疗方案对改善颈动脉斑块的作用强弱,后续尚需通过更大样本量的长期随访研究进一步探讨。此外,还应在基础研究领域如动物实验中进一步探究其可能的机制,以期为寻找新的药物治疗靶点开拓思路,更精准地指导临床治疗。
  • 武汉市卫健委青年基金项目(WX21Q11)
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2022年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0915
  • 接收时间:2021-07-27
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-27
  • 录用日期:2021-09-15
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Wuhan Health Commission Youth Fund Project(WX21Q11)
武汉市卫健委青年基金项目(WX21Q11)
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    武汉市第一医院心内科,湖北武汉 430000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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