Article(id=1207416366433407305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0922, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1632672000000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1647446400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-03-17, onlineDate=1765800094468, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1664294400000, pubDateStr=2022-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765800094468, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765800094468, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800094468, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207416365246419268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='851', pageEnd='956', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765800094186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765800167087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207416671069904915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207416365246419268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=922, endPage=925, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207416366710231376, articleId=1207416366433407305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Application value of ultrasound imaging by rapid saline infusion in the confirmation of the central venous catheter placement, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the feasibility of rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging for the assessment of the central venous catheter tip location. Methods A total of 83 critically ill adult patients with indications for central venous catheterization who were admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected. Cardiac ultrasonography was used to observe the turbulent flow imaging formed after rapid injection of normal saline into the central venous catheter to quickly determine the exact position of the catheter tip, and compared with the results of bedside chest X-ray to evaluate the method of rapid injection of normal saline effectiveness. Results The results of judging the position of the tip of the central venous catheter by the rapid perfusion ultrasound imaging of normal saline and bedside chest X-ray were basically consistent (Kappa=0.917, P<0.05). The rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging had a sensitivity of 100.0%(95%CI 94.0%-100%)and specificity of 85.7%(95%CI 42.0%-99.2%). It took 77.5 (69.5, 85.5) minutes to determine the catheter position by chest X-ray, which was significantly longer than that of normal saline perfusion ultrasound imaging [6.4 (5.8, 6.9) minutes], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging can effectively determine the tip position of the central venous catheter and the diagnosis time is shorter than that of the bedside chest X-ray examination.

, correspAuthors=You-Zhong An, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨采用生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术迅速评估中心静脉导管尖端位置的可行性。方法 纳入2020年7月-2021年7月北京大学人民医院收治的具有中心静脉置管指征的急危重症成人患者83例,通过超声检查观察中心静脉导管内快速推注生理盐水后形成的湍流显像以迅速判断导管尖端的确切位置,并与床旁胸部X线检查结果进行对比,评估生理盐水快速灌注超声显像检查方法的有效性。结果 生理盐水快速灌注超声显像与床旁胸部X线检查判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的结果基本一致(Kappa=0.917,P<0.05)。应用生理盐水灌注超声显像判断导管尖端位置的敏感度为100.0%(95%CI 94.0%~100.0%),特异度为85.7%(95%CI 42.0%~99.2%)。采用胸部X线检查判断导管尖端位置耗时77.5(69.5,85.5) min,明显长于生理盐水灌注超声显像的耗时[6.4(5.8,6.9) min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 应用生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术可有效判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置,且耗时较床旁胸部X线检查短。

, correspAuthors=安友仲, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
安友仲,E-mail:
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沈鹏,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事危重症患者血流动力学监测及超声检查方面的临床研究

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沈鹏,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事危重症患者血流动力学监测及超声检查方面的临床研究

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Emerg (Tehran), 2017, 5(1): e75., articleTitle=Saline flush versus chest X ray in confirmation of central venous catheter placement; a diagnostic accuracy study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207416367381320029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416367393902942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, companyId=1207416367381320029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416367398097247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, companyId=1207416367381320029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学人民医院重症医学科,北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207416367473594723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416367477789028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, companyId=1207416367473594723, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Emergency Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207416367486177637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, companyId=1207416367473594723, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海中医药大学附属曙光医院创伤急救科,上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207416370954867170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Ultrasound imaging of the heart on the apical four-chamber view, figureFileSmall=VTr5kgb8N790dKK53zaKMA==, figureFileBig=k7wPFGpeg3ogKhRdeG0sGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416371059724776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, language=CN, label=图1, caption=心尖四腔心切面心脏超声影像

LA. 左心房;LV. 左心室;RA. 右心房;RV. 右心室;A. 未灌注生理盐水时;B. 快速注入生理盐水后;黑色箭头示灌注的生理盐水进入右心房时形成的湍流信号;白色箭头示灌注的生理盐水进入右心室时形成的湍流信号

, figureFileSmall=VTr5kgb8N790dKK53zaKMA==, figureFileBig=k7wPFGpeg3ogKhRdeG0sGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207416371315577329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of ultrasound imaging of saline perfusion and bedside chest radiograph in judging the position of catheter tip (n)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生理盐水灌注超声显像床旁胸部X线检查
上腔静脉右心房锁骨下静脉颈内静脉
上腔静脉76100
右心房0400
锁骨下静脉0000
颈内静脉0002
), ArticleFig(id=1207416371428823542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207416366433407305, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

生理盐水灌注超声显像与床旁胸部X线检查判断导管尖端位置的结果比较(例)

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生理盐水灌注超声显像床旁胸部X线检查
上腔静脉右心房锁骨下静脉颈内静脉
上腔静脉76100
右心房0400
锁骨下静脉0000
颈内静脉0002
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生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术在中心静脉导管尖端位置评估中的应用
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沈鹏 1 , 赵连泽 2 , 赵慧颖 1 , 吕杰 1 , 安友仲 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(9): 922-925
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(9): 922-925
生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术在中心静脉导管尖端位置评估中的应用
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沈鹏1, 赵连泽2, 赵慧颖1, 吕杰1, 安友仲1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京大学人民医院重症医学科,北京 100044
  • 2上海中医药大学附属曙光医院创伤急救科,上海 201203
  • 沈鹏,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事危重症患者血流动力学监测及超声检查方面的临床研究

通讯作者:

安友仲,E-mail:
Application value of ultrasound imaging by rapid saline infusion in the confirmation of the central venous catheter placement
Peng Shen1, Lian-Ze Zhao2, Hui-Ying Zhao1, Jie Lv1, You-Zhong An1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • 2Department of Emergency Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2022-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0922
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目的 探讨采用生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术迅速评估中心静脉导管尖端位置的可行性。方法 纳入2020年7月-2021年7月北京大学人民医院收治的具有中心静脉置管指征的急危重症成人患者83例,通过超声检查观察中心静脉导管内快速推注生理盐水后形成的湍流显像以迅速判断导管尖端的确切位置,并与床旁胸部X线检查结果进行对比,评估生理盐水快速灌注超声显像检查方法的有效性。结果 生理盐水快速灌注超声显像与床旁胸部X线检查判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的结果基本一致(Kappa=0.917,P<0.05)。应用生理盐水灌注超声显像判断导管尖端位置的敏感度为100.0%(95%CI 94.0%~100.0%),特异度为85.7%(95%CI 42.0%~99.2%)。采用胸部X线检查判断导管尖端位置耗时77.5(69.5,85.5) min,明显长于生理盐水灌注超声显像的耗时[6.4(5.8,6.9) min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 应用生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术可有效判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置,且耗时较床旁胸部X线检查短。

危重症  /  超声检查  /  中心静脉置管

Objective To explore the feasibility of rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging for the assessment of the central venous catheter tip location. Methods A total of 83 critically ill adult patients with indications for central venous catheterization who were admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected. Cardiac ultrasonography was used to observe the turbulent flow imaging formed after rapid injection of normal saline into the central venous catheter to quickly determine the exact position of the catheter tip, and compared with the results of bedside chest X-ray to evaluate the method of rapid injection of normal saline effectiveness. Results The results of judging the position of the tip of the central venous catheter by the rapid perfusion ultrasound imaging of normal saline and bedside chest X-ray were basically consistent (Kappa=0.917, P<0.05). The rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging had a sensitivity of 100.0%(95%CI 94.0%-100%)and specificity of 85.7%(95%CI 42.0%-99.2%). It took 77.5 (69.5, 85.5) minutes to determine the catheter position by chest X-ray, which was significantly longer than that of normal saline perfusion ultrasound imaging [6.4 (5.8, 6.9) minutes], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The rapid saline infusion ultrasound imaging can effectively determine the tip position of the central venous catheter and the diagnosis time is shorter than that of the bedside chest X-ray examination.

critically ill  /  ultrasonography  /  central venous catheterization
沈鹏, 赵连泽, 赵慧颖, 吕杰, 安友仲. 生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术在中心静脉导管尖端位置评估中的应用. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (9) : 922 -925 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0922
Peng Shen, Lian-Ze Zhao, Hui-Ying Zhao, Jie Lv, You-Zhong An. Application value of ultrasound imaging by rapid saline infusion in the confirmation of the central venous catheter placement[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (9) : 922 -925 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0922
中心静脉置管目前已被广泛应用于危重症患者的救治,此类静脉通路尤其适用于循环不稳定或需要血流动力学监测的患者。近年来,许多研究推荐在中心静脉置管时采用超声进行血管定位以及实时引导穿刺[1-2],从而在一定程度上提高了穿刺的成功率,减少了气胸、局部血肿等相关并发症的发生[3-4]。但目前临床上往往仅在穿刺置管的过程中应用超声技术,对置管后中心静脉导管尖端位置的判定通常依赖于床旁X线检查。虽然胸部X线检查可以清晰地显示中心静脉导管在体内的走行方向及导管尖端的确切位置,但该检查方法相对耗时,可能会延误危重患者的救治及血流动力学监测。因此,临床上开始尝试采用不同的床旁超声技术来辅助判断导管尖端的位置[5-7]。近年来随着超声造影剂的不断改进以及超声造影技术在临床上的逐步应用[8-9],有研究发现应用超声造影技术可以更加准确而快速地判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置[10-11]。但是由于造影剂有可能发生过敏以及患者对造影剂的接受程度等问题,限制了此类超声造影技术在临床上的应用。本研究尝试采用中心静脉导管内快速推注生理盐水所产生的超声湍流信号取代超声造影来判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置,并与胸部X线检查结果进行比较,以探讨采用生理盐水快速灌注超声显像技术来迅速评估中心静脉导管尖端位置的可行性。
纳入2020年7月-2021年7月北京大学人民医院收治的具有中心静脉置管指征的急危重症成人患者83例,排除有上腔静脉综合征、心脏手术后、上腔静脉内已留置了其他医疗器械的患者及孕妇。83例中,男45例,女38例;年龄23~95(65.8±18.1)岁;身高(165.0±7.4) cm,体重(66.2±14.1) kg,体重指数(24.2±4.4) kg/m2。本研究经北京大学人民医院伦理委员会审批同意(审批号:2020PHB029-01),患者本人或家属已签署知情同意书。
所有入组患者均采用Seldinger技术或借助超声引导中心静脉穿刺技术置入双腔中心静脉导管(美国Teleflex公司)。
成功置入中心静脉导管后,患者取仰卧位,首先应用飞利浦超声检查系统(美国Andover公司)的线阵探头沿穿刺部位进行扫查,重点观察中心静脉导管是否已留置在目标静脉血管内,并判断其在血管内的走行方向是否正确。然后分别在患者的锁骨上、锁骨下、颈部区域快速扫查其双侧的锁骨下静脉及颈内静脉,避免导管尖端误入同侧或对侧的锁骨下静脉或颈内静脉。
应用相控阵探头在心尖四腔心及剑突下四腔心切面继续扫查,若在右心房或右心室内直接观察到中心静脉导管的管尖,说明导管尖端位置过深,此时便可记录结果并结束检查。若在患者的右心房、右心室或下腔静脉内未发现导管尖端,则需从中心静脉导管的远端主腔快速推注10 ml生理盐水,同时应用相控阵探头在心尖四腔心切面同步扫查右心房及右心室。若在快速推注生理盐水后的2 s内观察到右心房及右心室内出现大量湍流信号,且此湍流信号的顺序是由上腔静脉发出,经右心房,最终到达右心室,则表明中心静脉导管尖端的位置正确(图1)。如果在推注生理盐水后未见明显的右心房内湍流信号或仅有少量延迟出现的湍流信号(推注生理盐水2 s后出现),则表明中心静脉导管尖端未到达上腔静脉的目标位置。另外,若在推注生理盐水的同时即在右心房或右心室内发现大量湍流信号,且这些湍流信号并非发自上腔静脉,而是发自右心房或右心室,则表明中心静脉导管放置位置过深。若在心尖四腔心切面无法获取清晰的超声声像图,则可在剑突下四腔心切面重复以上操作,以进一步评估导管尖端位置的合理性。
最后,再换用凸阵探头认真扫查患者的肺部,根据胸腔积液、气胸、肺实变的超声影像学特征,进一步排除气胸、血胸等穿刺相关并发症的可能[12-13]
在成功置入中心静脉导管后,立即行床旁胸部X线检查,以进一步确认导管的确切位置。
记录中心静脉穿刺置管部位、置管操作时间、超声检查判断导管尖端位置的时间及结果、床旁胸部X线检查判断导管尖端位置的时间及结果,以及以超声和胸部X线检查来判断气胸、血胸、穿刺部位局部血肿等穿刺相关并发症的发生情况。
参与本研究的放射科医师在为受试者行胸部X线拍摄、图像解读及完成影像学报告的过程中均不知晓其对应的超声检查结果,采用超声技术判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的医师事先也不知晓患者的床旁胸部X线检查结果。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。分类变量以例(%)表示,连续变量以$\bar{x}±s$或M(Q1Q3)表示。以床旁胸部X线检查判断的结果作为金标准,评估超声检查判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的敏感度及特异度。利用Kappa检验分析两种检查方法所得结果的一致性,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较两种检查方法的耗时情况。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
83例行中心静脉置管操作的时间为(16.5±4.0) min,穿刺置管位于左侧锁骨下静脉20例,右侧锁骨下静脉63例。生理盐水灌注超声显像与床旁胸部X线检查判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的结果基本一致(Kappa=0.917,P<0.05,表1)。应用生理盐水灌注超声显像方法判断导管位置的敏感度为100.0%(95%CI 94.0%~100.0%),特异度为85.7%(95%CI 42.0%~99.2%)。
采用床旁胸部X线检查判断导管位置耗时77.5(69.5,85.5) min,明显长于生理盐水灌注超声显像的耗时[6.4(5.8,6.9) min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
应用生理盐水灌注超声显像发现胸腔积液患者20例,而通过胸部X线检查发现12例胸腔积液患者。另外,床旁胸部X线检查无法发现穿刺部位是否出现局部血肿情况,而超声显像可清晰观察到穿刺局部是否有血肿形成。
随着床旁超声在重症医学科的普及,超声引导下中心静脉穿刺置管技术已被广泛用于临床[14-15]。该技术可提高穿刺成功率,减少气胸、穿刺部位血管损伤、局部血肿等置管相关并发症的发生[16]。患者的血管解剖变异,置管时患者体位不佳,目标静脉长度有差异,穿刺部分皮下组织深度差异等原因,常导致中心静脉导管尖端位置不佳。为判断中心静脉导管管尖放置的位置是否合理,临床上往往依靠床旁胸部X线检查来进行确认。但床旁胸部X线检查具有潜在的放射线危害,且相对耗时,因此,临床上也在逐步尝试采用不同的床旁超声技术来快速判断导管管尖的位置。
以往研究尝试联合心脏及血管超声来间接推断中心静脉导管尖端的位置[17-18]。此方法通过观察置管后患者的锁骨下静脉及颈内静脉来大体判断中心静脉导管的走行方向,并通过观察患者右心房及右心室内结构来进一步排除导管位置是否放置过深。虽然此方法可快速判断导管尖端是否误入颈内或锁骨下静脉,但由于有些重症患者右心超声图像显影欠佳,给判断中心静脉管尖端是否进入右心房带来了一定难度。为此,Vezzani等[19]尝试采用心脏超声造影技术来辅助判断导管尖端的位置,该方法需要向患者的中心静脉导管内注入超声造影剂,并通过实时观察造影剂在右心房、右心室内出现的时间及显像情况来判断导管尖端的位置。这种心脏超声造影技术可在一定程度上提高辨别中心静脉导管尖端是否进入右心房的准确性,但由于超声造影剂可能发生过敏反应以及患者对造影剂的接受程度等问题,该技术在临床上的应用受到了一定限制。为此,本研究尝试采用快速灌注的生理盐水替代心脏超声造影剂来进一步辅助判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置。
研究发现,从中心静脉主腔中快速推注生理盐水可获得类似心脏超声造影剂的心腔显影效果[20]。因此,临床上可通过观察生理盐水快速推注时在右心房内形成的大量湍流信号来辅助判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置。本研究表明,对于中心静脉导管尖端位置正确的受试者,采用生理盐水快速灌注可从超声显像上清晰地观察到其在右心房所形成的湍流信号。生理盐水灌注超声显像技术与传统的床旁胸部X线检查判断导管尖端位置的一致性较好,且生理盐水灌注超声显像操作更简便,耗时更短,同时还避免了X线检查的放射性危害及超声造影剂过敏等风险。因而,此技术更容易被广大危重患者及家属所接受。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,生理盐水灌注超声显像技术可判断中心静脉导管尖端的位置。与传统的床旁胸部X线检查相比,该技术可明显缩短判断中心静脉导管尖端位置的时间,并避免了X线辐射的潜在风险。与心脏超声造影检查相比,生理盐水灌注超声显像可避免造影剂过敏等相关风险,提高了患者对检查的接受程度,有利于临床上的进一步推广应用。
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2022年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.09.0922
  • 接收时间:2021-09-27
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-27
  • 录用日期:2022-03-17
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    1北京大学人民医院重症医学科,北京 100044
    2上海中医药大学附属曙光医院创伤急救科,上海 201203

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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