Article(id=1207394344110236401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0992, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643040000000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1645113600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-18, onlineDate=1765794843938, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1666886400000, pubDateStr=2022-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765794843938, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765794843938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765794843938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207394339840431074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='957', pageEnd='1062', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765794842920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765794898634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207394573588992611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207394573588992612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=992, endPage=998, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207394344567415542, articleId=1207394344110236401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Virtual screening and activity evaluation of novel μ opioid receptor antagonists, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The novel μ opiate receptor (MOR) antagonists with biological activity was searched based on computer aided drug design method. Methods The MOR was employed as the target protein, and the Glide module of Schrodinger software was used to virtually screen the numerous compounds included in ZTNC-15 open source compound database. According to the molecular docking score, skeleton structure, binding mode and compound acquisition, one compound that may be as an antagonist was selected. The anti-fentanyl-induced acute death model of mice and the experiment of improving fentanyl-induced respiratory depression of rats were used to evaluate the biological activity of A6 against MOR. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation method was employed to analyze the possible mechanism of MOR-A6 interaction. Results The molecular docking score of compound A6 was comparable to that of naloxone. The results of animal experiments showed that the LD50 value of fentanyl-induced death of mice in A6 prevention administration group [13.2(95%CI 12.0-14.5) mg/kg] was 1.3 times and higher than that in model group [10.5(95%CI 9.6-11.5) mg/kg], and the mortality of mice in experimental group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05); Compared with model group, the carotid oxygen saturation (SaO2) of rats in A6 prevention administration group increased significantly at 15, 20 and 25 min after fentanyl injection (47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%, 52.99%±3.92%vs. 69.57%±3.17%, and 58.16%±2.45% vs. 77.10%±4.93%, P<0.05). Molecular dynamics simulation of A6 and MOR showed that ASP147 amino acid residue of A6 is consistent with the predicted results of molecular docking, and has a large contribution on binding free energy. Conclusions A novel compound A6 has obtained by virtual screening which could effectively antagonise fentanyl-induced acute toxic death in mice and improve fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in rats. The mechanism may be related to the hydrogen bond formation of ASP147 amino acid residue with MOR.

, correspAuthors=Zheng Yong, Rui-Bin Su, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Yong Zheng, E-mail: ;
Su Rui-Bin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yong-Zheng Fan, Wei-Guo Liu, Zheng Yong, Rui-Bin Su), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207394348136768371, articleId=1207394344110236401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=新型μ阿片受体拮抗剂的虚拟筛选及活性评价, columnId=1190310110472798614, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于计算机辅助药物设计的方法寻找具有生物活性的新型μ阿片受体(MOR)拮抗剂。方法 以MOR为靶标蛋白,利用Schrodinger软件Glide模块对ZINC-15开源化合物数据库收录的众多化合物进行虚拟筛选,根据分子对接分值、骨架结构、结合模式和化合物获取情况,选择一种可能成为MOR拮抗剂的化合物;采用抗芬太尼致小鼠急性中毒死亡模型和改善芬太尼所致大鼠呼吸抑制实验,评价该化合物拮抗MOR的生物活性作用;采用分子动力学模拟方法分析其与MOR之间可能的作用机制。结果 通过虚拟筛选获得一种肠道可吸收性和血脑屏障渗透性较强的小分子化合物A6,其分子对接评分与纳洛酮相当。动物实验结果显示,A6预防给药组芬太尼致小鼠死亡的半数致死剂量(LD50)[13.2(95%CI 12.0~14.5) mg/kg]是模型组[10.5(95%CI 9.6~11.5) mg/kg]的1.3倍,且A6预防给药组小鼠致死率明显低于模型组(P<0.05);与模型组大鼠相比,A6预防给药组大鼠在给予芬太尼后15、20、25 min的颈动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)明显升高(47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%,52.99%±3.92% vs.69.57%±3.17%,58.16%±2.45% vs. 77.10%±4.93%,P<0.05)。A6与MOR复合物的分子动力学模拟显示,A6的ASP147氨基酸残基与分子对接预测结果一致,具有较大的结合自由能贡献。结论 通过虚拟筛选获得了一种结构新颖的化合物A6,可有效对抗芬太尼所致小鼠急性毒性死亡并改善芬太尼所致的大鼠呼吸抑制,其作用机制可能和ASP147氨基酸残基与MOR形成氢键有关。

, correspAuthors=雍政, 苏瑞斌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
雍政,E-mail:;
苏瑞斌,E-mail:
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樊永正,硕士研究生,主要从事神经药理学方面的研究

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樊永正,硕士研究生,主要从事神经药理学方面的研究

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樊永正,硕士研究生,主要从事神经药理学方面的研究

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ADMET. 药物的吸收、分配、代谢、排泄和毒性;绿色椭圆中99%的小分子化合物的人体肠道吸收为中等,红色椭圆中95%的小分子化合物的人体肠道吸收为良好;蓝色椭圆中99%的小分子化合物的血脑屏障透过性高,品红色椭圆中95%的小分子化合物的血脑屏障透过性非常高

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Naloxone. 纳洛酮;MOR. μ阿片受体

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与模型组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.01

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RMSD. 均方根偏差;RMSF. 均方根涨落;A. 骨架原子RMSD 值随时间的变化;B. 各氨基酸残基的RMSF 值;C. 各氨基酸残基的结合自由能

, figureFileSmall=j3fwBl+WRqCP2CvDP/7fcQ==, figureFileBig=tol8IS5/W2gmrws7BjUNgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394353102823470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394344110236401, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Structural information of naloxone and 6 compounds screened by molecular docking

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物结构式对接评分氢键/芳香氢键盐桥π-ππ-阳离子卤素键
纳洛酮–7.90ASP147ASP147
A1–8.33ASP147、CYS217ASP147HID297、TYR326
A2–8.32ASP147ASP147HID297
A3–8.46ASP147ASP147TYR326ASN150
A4–7.47ASP147、HID297ASP147
A5–7.42ASP147、ILE322ASP147TYR326、HID297TYR148
A6–7.48ASP147、ILE322TYR326 
), ArticleFig(id=1207394353207681074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394344110236401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

通过分子对接筛选的6种化合物与纳洛酮的结构信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物结构式对接评分氢键/芳香氢键盐桥π-ππ-阳离子卤素键
纳洛酮–7.90ASP147ASP147
A1–8.33ASP147、CYS217ASP147HID297、TYR326
A2–8.32ASP147ASP147HID297
A3–8.46ASP147ASP147TYR326ASN150
A4–7.47ASP147、HID297ASP147
A5–7.42ASP147、ILE322ASP147TYR326、HID297TYR148
A6–7.48ASP147、ILE322TYR326 
), ArticleFig(id=1207394353299955765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394344110236401, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Preventive effect of A6 on fentanyl-induced acute toxic death in mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别芬太尼剂量(mg/kg, iv)剂量对数(Log)小鼠数(例)死亡数(例)致死率(%)
模型组
 18.00.91000
 210.01.010440
 312.51.110990
 415.61.21010100
A6预防给药组
 510.01.01000(1)
 612.51.113646(2)
 715.61.210880
 819.51.31010100
), ArticleFig(id=1207394353404813371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394344110236401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

A6预防给药对芬太尼致小鼠急性中毒死亡的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别芬太尼剂量(mg/kg, iv)剂量对数(Log)小鼠数(例)死亡数(例)致死率(%)
模型组
 18.00.91000
 210.01.010440
 312.51.110990
 415.61.21010100
A6预防给药组
 510.01.01000(1)
 612.51.113646(2)
 715.61.210880
 819.51.31010100
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新型μ阿片受体拮抗剂的虚拟筛选及活性评价
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樊永正 1, 2 , 刘维国 1 , 雍政 1, * , 苏瑞斌 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(10): 992-998
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(10): 992-998
新型μ阿片受体拮抗剂的虚拟筛选及活性评价
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樊永正1, 2, 刘维国1, 雍政1, * , 苏瑞斌1, *
作者信息
  • 1军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所/抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室/神经精神药理学北京市重点实验室,北京 100850
  • 2解放军联勤保障部队第991医院药械科,湖北襄阳 441000
  • 樊永正,硕士研究生,主要从事神经药理学方面的研究

通讯作者:

雍政,E-mail:;
苏瑞斌,E-mail:
Virtual screening and activity evaluation of novel μ opioid receptor antagonists
Yong-Zheng Fan1, 2, Wei-Guo Liu1, Zheng Yong1, * , Rui-Bin Su1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology/State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 2Drug and Equipment Section, the 991 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
出版时间: 2022-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0992
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目的 基于计算机辅助药物设计的方法寻找具有生物活性的新型μ阿片受体(MOR)拮抗剂。方法 以MOR为靶标蛋白,利用Schrodinger软件Glide模块对ZINC-15开源化合物数据库收录的众多化合物进行虚拟筛选,根据分子对接分值、骨架结构、结合模式和化合物获取情况,选择一种可能成为MOR拮抗剂的化合物;采用抗芬太尼致小鼠急性中毒死亡模型和改善芬太尼所致大鼠呼吸抑制实验,评价该化合物拮抗MOR的生物活性作用;采用分子动力学模拟方法分析其与MOR之间可能的作用机制。结果 通过虚拟筛选获得一种肠道可吸收性和血脑屏障渗透性较强的小分子化合物A6,其分子对接评分与纳洛酮相当。动物实验结果显示,A6预防给药组芬太尼致小鼠死亡的半数致死剂量(LD50)[13.2(95%CI 12.0~14.5) mg/kg]是模型组[10.5(95%CI 9.6~11.5) mg/kg]的1.3倍,且A6预防给药组小鼠致死率明显低于模型组(P<0.05);与模型组大鼠相比,A6预防给药组大鼠在给予芬太尼后15、20、25 min的颈动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)明显升高(47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%,52.99%±3.92% vs.69.57%±3.17%,58.16%±2.45% vs. 77.10%±4.93%,P<0.05)。A6与MOR复合物的分子动力学模拟显示,A6的ASP147氨基酸残基与分子对接预测结果一致,具有较大的结合自由能贡献。结论 通过虚拟筛选获得了一种结构新颖的化合物A6,可有效对抗芬太尼所致小鼠急性毒性死亡并改善芬太尼所致的大鼠呼吸抑制,其作用机制可能和ASP147氨基酸残基与MOR形成氢键有关。

μ阿片受体  /  芬太尼  /  虚拟筛选  /  拮抗剂

Objective The novel μ opiate receptor (MOR) antagonists with biological activity was searched based on computer aided drug design method. Methods The MOR was employed as the target protein, and the Glide module of Schrodinger software was used to virtually screen the numerous compounds included in ZTNC-15 open source compound database. According to the molecular docking score, skeleton structure, binding mode and compound acquisition, one compound that may be as an antagonist was selected. The anti-fentanyl-induced acute death model of mice and the experiment of improving fentanyl-induced respiratory depression of rats were used to evaluate the biological activity of A6 against MOR. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation method was employed to analyze the possible mechanism of MOR-A6 interaction. Results The molecular docking score of compound A6 was comparable to that of naloxone. The results of animal experiments showed that the LD50 value of fentanyl-induced death of mice in A6 prevention administration group [13.2(95%CI 12.0-14.5) mg/kg] was 1.3 times and higher than that in model group [10.5(95%CI 9.6-11.5) mg/kg], and the mortality of mice in experimental group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05); Compared with model group, the carotid oxygen saturation (SaO2) of rats in A6 prevention administration group increased significantly at 15, 20 and 25 min after fentanyl injection (47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%, 52.99%±3.92%vs. 69.57%±3.17%, and 58.16%±2.45% vs. 77.10%±4.93%, P<0.05). Molecular dynamics simulation of A6 and MOR showed that ASP147 amino acid residue of A6 is consistent with the predicted results of molecular docking, and has a large contribution on binding free energy. Conclusions A novel compound A6 has obtained by virtual screening which could effectively antagonise fentanyl-induced acute toxic death in mice and improve fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in rats. The mechanism may be related to the hydrogen bond formation of ASP147 amino acid residue with MOR.

μ opioid receptor  /  fentanyl  /  virtual filtering  /  antagonists
樊永正, 刘维国, 雍政, 苏瑞斌. 新型μ阿片受体拮抗剂的虚拟筛选及活性评价. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (10) : 992 -998 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0992
Yong-Zheng Fan, Wei-Guo Liu, Zheng Yong, Rui-Bin Su. Virtual screening and activity evaluation of novel μ opioid receptor antagonists[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (10) : 992 -998 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0992
μ阿片受体(μ opiate receptor,MOR)为G蛋白偶联受体家族(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)的成员之一,是中重度疼痛治疗的重要药理学靶点。MOR是一种完整的跨膜蛋白,广泛分布于中枢和周围神经系统,是多种阿片类药物(如芬太尼、吗啡等)的分子作用靶点,在临床上被广泛用于术后镇痛、麻醉诱导及维持[1],且在药物滥用、酒精依赖和胃肠运动功能障碍的治疗中也具有重要作用[2-5]。阿片类药物在发挥效应时可能因为药物过量引起呼吸抑制而致死[6-8],目前用于解救阿片类药物过量的首选药物是其药理性拮抗剂如纳洛酮或纳美芬等,但存在给药方式单一、剂量不可控和需长时间密切观察等缺点[9-11]。因此,研究和开发新型的阿片类拮抗剂,对于完善阿片系统药理学研究,促进神经系统及其他疾病的防治均具有重要意义。计算机辅助药物设计(computer aided drug design,CADD)是新药研发的有力工具[12-15],本研究利用CADD技术,为新型MOR拮抗剂的设计与研发提供数据支持和研究思路,以期获得可有效拮抗阿片类药物所致呼吸抑制的活性化合物,为临床解救阿片类药物过量或中毒提供新的选择。
ZINC-15化合物数据库(http://www.zinc15.docking.org/);Discovery Studio软件(DS,版本号:4.0);薛定谔软件(版本号:4.1.2);蛋白质数据库(Protein Data Bank,PDB);GraphPad Prism 5.0软件;Gromacs软件(版本:2016)。化合物A6购自美国MedChemExpress公司,溶于6%的DMSO双蒸水中;盐酸芬太尼购自中国湖北人福医药集团股份公司,溶于生理盐水中;以上药物均现配现用。MouseOx小动物脉搏血氧仪为美国斯塔尔生命科学公司(SLS-MP-00016,Starr Life Sciences,Oakmont,PA,USA)产品。
通过DS-2019软件的药代动力学性质预测板块预测ZINC-15 in-vitro数据库(http://zinc.docking.org/substances/subsets/)收录的306 347种化合物的ADMET(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity)性质[16],根据ADMET预测结果选择渗透性和可吸收性非常高的小分子化合物用于下一步的分子对接。
从PDB下载MOR与吗啡拮抗剂β-氟乐曲胺(β-FNA)晶体结构复合物(PDBID:4DKL)。采用 Schrodinger 2018-1软件的 Glide 模块进行分子对接;利用蛋白质准备向导(protein preparation wizard)模块补全受体缺失的原子和氨基酸残基并进行能量最小化;以原有吗啡拮抗剂配体β-FNA为中心并设置为对接口袋,依托LigPrep计算候选化合物的三维结构,并依次通过HTVS、SP和XP筛选。分子对接完成后,为了评价其结果的准确性和可靠性,将纳洛酮(已知的MOR特异性拮抗剂)与MOR进行分子对接,并以其对接分值(docking score)为参照,筛选对接分值接近或高于纳洛酮的化合物,并一一分析蛋白与配体之间的相互作用及结合模式。
雄性昆明小鼠83只,体重18~22 g,雄性SD大鼠10只,体重180~220 g,均为SPF级,购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0008]。在标准实验室条件下,将动物饲养于覆盖有洁净垫料的笼子中,小鼠8~10只/笼,大鼠3~5只/笼,室温控制在25±1 ℃,12 h/12 h光/暗循环,湿度40%~60%;动物自由摄取食物和水。实验前动物至少适应性饲养3 d。所有操作均按照军事医学研究院实验动物管理与使用委员会的要求进行(批准文号:AMMS-06-2019-003)。
83只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为8组:第1-4组为模型组(芬太尼组),每组10只;第5-8组为A6预防给药(A6+芬太尼)组,其中第6组13只,其他各组均为10只。模型组小鼠尾静脉注射6% DMSO双蒸水溶液(0.1 ml/10 g),5 min后分别经尾静脉注射8.0、10.0、12.5、15.6 mg/kg芬太尼。A6预防给药组小鼠经尾静脉注射10 mg/kg A6,5 min后分别经尾静脉注射10.0、12.5、15.6、19.5 mg/kg芬太尼。给药体积均为0.1 ml/10 g。在给药24 h内,观察小鼠主要中毒症状,死亡时间,濒死前的反应、外观、行为、对刺激的反应、分泌物、排泄物等指标,记录小鼠存活情况,采用Bliss法[17-18]计算各组小鼠的致死率和芬太尼的半数致死剂量(LD50)值。致死率(%)=(死亡数/样本总数)×100%。
SD大鼠10只,随机分为模型组和A6预防给药组,每组5只。模型组静脉注射15% DMSO、10% 聚山梨酯-80的双蒸水溶液,5 min后静脉给予50 μg/kg芬太尼;A6预防给药组静脉给予5 mg/kg A6+15% DMSO、10%聚山梨酯-80的双蒸水溶液,5 min后静脉给予50 μg/kg芬太尼。给药体积均为0.1 ml/100 g。两组分别在给予芬太尼后0、5、15、20、25和30 min共6个时间点采用MouseOx 小动物脉搏血氧仪检测大鼠颈动脉血氧饱和度(O2 Saturation,SaO2)。该仪器采用无创、实时的方法检测大鼠颈动脉SaO2值。操作方法如下:将红外脉搏血氧仪传感器MouseOx Plus颈动脉夹放置于大鼠颈部两侧,将大鼠轻置于透明有机玻璃容器中,传感器将数据转换并在计算机界面上显示SaO2、心率、呼吸频率和其他随时间变化的测量值。测量前大鼠戴上颈动脉夹自由活动至少30 min以适应环境,随后开始测量并记录15 s有效SaO2数值。大鼠在清醒状态下采用清醒模式测定SaO2,注射芬太尼后采用麻醉模式测定SaO2
使用GROMACS 5.1.4软件模拟A6和MOR的动态变化,模拟时间为80 ns,采用AMBER ff99SB力场,使用AMBER程序的GAFF力场准备配体拓扑文件。利用TIP3P水分子填充周期性盒子,并向体系中添加氯离子以保持电中性。系统通过最速下降法快速调整到能量较低的构象。以5000步或Fmax<10为条件进行能量最小化,随后进行100 ps的NVT和1 ns的NPT预平衡,时间步长为2 fs。在预平衡过程中分别采用Nose-Hoover和Berendsen进行温度和压力耦合。最后在NPT系统中通过Nose-Hoover温度和Parrinello-Rahman压力耦合进行成品MD模拟。通过体系的稳定性分析并结合自由能大小预测,考察A6可能作用的关键氨基酸残基。
采用 GraphPad Prism 5.0软件进行统计学处理。计量数据以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用非配对t检验,多组间比较采用双因素方差分析和Bonferroni post-hoc检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过DS-2019软件ADMET性质预测功能对ZINC-15 in-vitro数据库中的化合物进行筛选,得到97 151种肠道可吸收性较好、血脑屏障透过性较高的小分子化合物(图1,标记为黄色点状的化合物)。预测评估筛选获得的多种化合物,其肠道可吸收性和血脑屏障渗透性结果见图1
分子对接后,根据评分高低、化合物的骨架结构、作用力,采用聚类分析、目视决策等原则从中选出较优的6种化合物作为代表。除了各种疏水性相互作用(本研究未重点关注)外,分子对接筛选结果见表1,各化合物与MOR的结合模式见图2
根据虚拟筛选对接评分情况,通过目视分子结构、相互作用及化合物可获取性等综合考虑,选用化合物A6进行生物活性评价,考察其对抗芬太尼致小鼠急性毒性死亡情况。模型组第2、3组小鼠24 h内的急性毒性致死率分别为40%和90%,A6预防给药的第5、6组小鼠24 h致死率分别为0和46%,A6预防给药小鼠致死率明显低于同剂量芬太尼模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。模型组或A6预防给药组小鼠尾静脉注射致死剂量的芬太尼后,小鼠濒死反应多为惊厥、运动失调、腹式呼吸、跳跃、口周毛潮湿、背毛杂乱等中枢神经、自主神经、感觉运动、呼吸循环系统中毒体征或症状。根据Bliss法计算,模型组小鼠芬太尼的LD50=10.5(95%CI 9.6~11.5) mg/kg,LD5=8.5 mg/kg,LD95=12.9 mg/kg;A6预防给药组小鼠芬太尼的LD50=13.2(95%CI 12.0~14.5) mg/kg,LD5=10.2 mg/kg,LD95=17.0 mg/kg。A6预防给药组芬太尼LD50值是模型组的1.3倍。
模型组大鼠注射芬太尼后,颈动脉SaO2明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);A6预防给药组大鼠在芬太尼给药前5 min给予A6 (5 mg/kg)预处理,与模型组相比,在15、20、25 min三个时间点,其颈动脉SaO2明显升高(47.91%±3.17% vs. 62.63%±4.14%,52.99%±3.92% vs. 69.57%±3.17%,58.16%±2.45%vs. 77.10%±4.93%,P<0.05)(图3)。
采用分子动力学模拟分析化合物A6与MOR的动态结合模式特征。通过分子动力学模拟的轨迹分析获得各体系的均方根偏差(RMSD)值和均方根涨落(RMSF)值及各氨基酸残基的结合自由能(图4)。A6体系的 RMSD值在5~6 ns时迅速增加到0.9 nm,然后逐渐回落,在40 ns后基本稳定在0.6 nm左右,提示该体系达到平衡,且RMSF 值基本都小于0.6 nm。提示该体系在模拟时间内均达到平衡,即80 ns 的模拟时间使体系达到平衡,可以基于后40 ns的轨迹计算结合自由能。MOR各残基对结合自由能的贡献见图4C。关键残基的结合自由能贡献分析显示,A6的ASP147氨基酸残基与分子对接预测结果一致,具有较大的结合自由能贡献。此外,A6可能还与ALA197、THR218、LEU231和LEU232等氨基酸残基存在额外的相互作用,特别是LEU231氨基酸残基与MOR结合的自由能贡献较大。
MOR作为一个突出的药物靶标,长期受到广泛关注,因为其可在介导各种神经生理学和行为反应方面发挥关键作用,包括疼痛、奖赏和成瘾行为以及胃肠疾病等[2-3]。阿片类药物引起的呼吸抑制是一种严重的并发症,虽然在麻醉应用过程中可通过呼吸监测及时发现并进行纠正,然而在治疗急慢性疼痛的过程中,并非所有呼吸抑制病例都能被及时发现。现有的MOR拮抗剂纳洛酮存在给药方式单一、戒断症状严重等缺点,因此,业界一直关注MOR新型拮抗配体的设计和发现,因为这些配体可能具有开发新的、更安全的治疗方案的潜力[19-21]
CADD是提高新药研发效率、缩短药物研发周期的有力工具,包含虚拟筛选、同源模建、定量构效关系构建和动力学模拟等多种技术手段。而虚拟筛选是指导先导化合物发现与优化的核心技术之一,其通过模型的建立以及对计算结果的分析,预测受体靶标与配体分子之间的相互作用,从而在数量众多的化合物中找出具有潜力的先导化合物,而且CADD能显著降低药物的开发成本(可达50%)[22-24]。目前已有多种药物通过该项技术开发成功并上市,如抗流感药物奥司他韦和扎那米韦、抗 HIV 感染药茚地那韦以及慢性粒细胞白血病治疗药伊马替尼等[25-28]。通过分子对接、虚拟筛选等CADD手段,使规模化、科学化、快速化分析配体—受体和结构—功能关系成为可能,从而有助于推进阿片类相关治疗药物的研发[29]
在本研究中,我们基于MOR晶体结构展开了药物设计工作,由于4DKL 中的配体β-FNA与LYS233残基及蛋白形成了共价键,而共价键对接不在我们本次研究范围,因此不适于作为本研究的阳性对照参考。实际分子对接和虚拟筛选中我们采用阳性对照物纳洛酮与MOR蛋白进行分子对接打分并作为参考,以评价对接方法的准确性,同时为了避免诱导契合现象降低分子对接结果的准确性,我们根据目视决策,挑选并考察化合物A6拮抗芬太尼致小鼠急性毒性死亡和改善大鼠动脉血氧的作用,结果显示,A6这个结构新颖、可拮抗MOR的小分子化合物与阳性对照药纳洛酮虚拟筛选对接打分值接近,可显著拮抗芬太尼致小鼠急性毒性死亡和致大鼠呼吸抑制的作用。因此,动物活性实验进一步提示这种新的化合物可能具有一定的MOR拮抗活性。随后在分子动力学模拟过程中,依次采用RMSD值、RMSF值、结合自由能分解等对蛋白复合物的动态结合情况进行评价分析,考察其可能的作用结合模式。对A6关键残基的结合自由能贡献大小分析显示,A6的ASP147氨基酸残基与分子对接预测结果一致,具有较大的结合自由能贡献;此外,A6的ALA197、THR218、LEU231和LEU232等氨基酸残基可能还与MOR存在额外的相互作用,其中LEU231氨基酸残基与MOR结合的自由能贡献较大,推测可能是与该氨基酸残基形成了氢键或盐桥等较强的相互作用。因此,可能需要更多的结构信息,尤其是其他阿片类配体与MOR复合物的结构信息,以进一步阐明不同结构的多种配体与MOR结合的分子机制。
化合物A6的结构与药物化学数据库(ChEMBL)中已知的MOR激动剂或拮抗剂结构不同,PubChem也未见其是MOR有关配体的报道。相对纳洛酮等传统拮抗剂而言,A6结构较为简单,便于进行相关的结构修饰和改造,这为进一步的化学结构优化和开发新的MOR神经药理学工具提供了可能;另外,对于识别与MOR相互作用的新结构化合物,进而发展治疗中枢神经系统和其他系统疾病的新方法,以及完善MOR系统的药理学研究也有一定的指导意义。
由于目前的分子虚拟筛选对接和动力学模拟理论还有待完善,加之各种对接程序,包括开源软件和商业软件数量众多且性能不一,因此虚拟筛选的成功率和预测的精准性往往参差不齐。本研究中,我们通过小鼠和大鼠动物实验初步验证了A6可能具有一定的MOR拮抗活性,也采用分子动力学模拟分析了A6与MOR的拮抗结合模式,但其靶向MOR的拮抗特性可能还需从细胞水平上进一步补充完善并验证。因此,下一步我们拟将虚拟筛选得到的化合物A6通过MOR的HTRF-cAMP功能性验证或放射性配基结合实验对其拮抗特性进行再次确证,进一步完善A6在细胞水平上拮抗MOR活性的评价内容[30-31]。在此基础上通过构建MOR定点氨基酸突变体来预测A6与其关键氨基酸残基的结合位点及结合模式,为后续有针对性地进行精准筛选与改构靶标明确、结合作用强、安全性高的新型MOR拮抗剂提供理论基础。
综上所述,本研究利用CADD手段设计获得了新型MOR拮抗剂A6,A6是有一定前途的新型先导化合物;“虚拟筛选模式研究—动物水平活性验证—动力学模拟作用分析—优化改造先导化合物”这一模式,对于开发新型MOR拮抗剂可能具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。
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2022年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0992
  • 接收时间:2022-01-25
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-25
  • 录用日期:2022-02-18
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    1军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所/抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室/神经精神药理学北京市重点实验室,北京 100850
    2解放军联勤保障部队第991医院药械科,湖北襄阳 441000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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