Article(id=1207394341610427365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0961, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1642694400000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1645804800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-26, onlineDate=1765794843342, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1666886400000, pubDateStr=2022-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765794843342, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765794843342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765794843342, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207394339840431074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='957', pageEnd='1062', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765794842920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765794898634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207394573588992611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207394573588992612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1207394339840431074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=961, endPage=967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207394341929194474, articleId=1207394341610427365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects and mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the effects and possible mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into plain group, plateau 1-month group, plateau 2-month group and plateau 4-month group (12 each). Rats in plain group were fed at an altitude of about 500 m for 1 month, and in the plateau groups were fed in a simulated chamber of high altitude (5000 m) for 1 month, 2 months and 4 months, respectively. Serum and liver tissue were collected at the end of the model. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological morphology of liver tissue was observed by HE staining. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue were measured by ELISA. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expressions of autophagy associated proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the plain group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly increased in the plateau 2-month group (P<0.05); compared with the plateau 2-month group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly decreased in the plateau 4-month group (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the lobule structure of liver tissue in each group was clear without obvious inflammatory infiltration, cell edema or necrosis. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the number of autophagy corpuscles in hepatocytes of rats was significantly higher in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in plain group, and was significantly lower in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein increased significantly, while the GSH and SOD levels decreased significantly in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in the plain group (P<0.05); the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein significantly decreased, and the levels of GSH and SOD significantly increased in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group (P<0.05), but no significant differences compared with those in plain group(P>0.05). Conclusion In the process of adapting to hypobaric and hypoxic environment, abnormal changes of liver function indexes of rats occurred, the mechanism may be related to the changes of oxidative stress level and autophagy of hepatocytes.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Yu Sun, Li-Jun Tang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Sun Hong-Yu, E-mail: ;
Tang Li-Jun, E-mail:
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目的 初步观察高原高海拔环境暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其可能机制。方法 健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为平原组、高原1个月组、高原2个月组与高原4个月组,每组12只。平原组于海拔约500 m处喂养1个月,各高原暴露组于高原环境模拟舱(5000 m)中分别喂养1、2和4个月,造模结束时采集血清和肝组织。采用全自动生化仪测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平,HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化,ELISA法检测肝组织中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构改变,Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ的相对表达量。结果 与平原组比较,高原2个月组血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显升高(P<0.05);与高原2个月组比较,高原4个月组血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显降低(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,各组肝组织小叶结构清晰,无明显炎性浸润,也无明显的细胞水肿或坏死。透射电镜观察显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝细胞中自噬小体数目明显多于平原组,高原4个月组肝细胞中自噬小体数目较高原2个月组明显减少。Western blotting和ELISA检测结果显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量明显高于平原组(P<0.05),GSH和SOD水平明显低于平原组(P<0.05);高原4个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量明显低于高原2个月组(P<0.05),GSH和SOD水平明显高于高原2个月组(P<0.05),且与平原组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在适应低压低氧环境的过程中,大鼠肝功能指标出现异常改变,其机制可能与肝脏氧化应激水平改变及肝细胞自噬有关。

, correspAuthors=孙红玉, 汤礼军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙红玉,E-mail:;
汤礼军,E-mail:
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且华吉,硕士研究生,主要从事高原脱适应症的发病机制研究

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且华吉,硕士研究生,主要从事高原脱适应症的发病机制研究

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且华吉,硕士研究生,主要从事高原脱适应症的发病机制研究

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ALT. 谷丙转氨酶;AST. 谷草转氨酶;TBIL. 总胆红素;A. 各组大鼠肝功能指标变化(n=6);B. 各组大鼠肝组织病理变化(HE×200)。与平原组比较,(1)P<0.05;与高原1个月组比较,(2)P<0.05;与高原2个月组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=aLyjngxk+HDEy635xqa7Nw==, figureFileBig=04nywJPBQGXjJSUh9XxKVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394347834773792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Changes of oxidative stress indexes in liver tissue of rats exposed to high altitude (n=6), figureFileSmall=ckeew2+id3rJF8qO3281ug==, figureFileBig=piZ+5S+zBDiSeF2Fy/obPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394347977380139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=CN, label=图2, caption=高原高海拔暴露下大鼠肝组织中氧化应激指标变化情况(n=6)

GSH. 还原型谷胱甘肽;SOD. 超氧化物歧化酶;与平原组比较,(1)P<0.05;与高原1个月组比较,(2)P<0.05;与高原2个月组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=ckeew2+id3rJF8qO3281ug==, figureFileBig=piZ+5S+zBDiSeF2Fy/obPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394348073849135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Changes of hepatic cellular ultrastructure in rats exposed to high altitude, figureFileSmall=zmJ4NEPa8CnEfw1gbrAPqQ==, figureFileBig=oDKongm/rAFJZQpkfED2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394348191289653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=CN, label=图3, caption=高原高海拔暴露下大鼠肝细胞超微结构变化, figureFileSmall=zmJ4NEPa8CnEfw1gbrAPqQ==, figureFileBig=oDKongm/rAFJZQpkfED2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394348283564350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expressions of autophagy associated proteins in hepatocytes of rats exposed to high altitude (n=6), figureFileSmall=ZGj8JO4U4G78QYEFpYoz+Q==, figureFileBig=h3D9lWS0Vskeq3GzTFQKyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207394348384227646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1207394341610427365, language=CN, label=图4, caption=高原高海拔暴露大鼠肝细胞中自噬相关蛋白表达情况(n=6)

与平原组比较,(1)P<0.05;与高原1个月组比较,(2)P<0.05;与高原2个月组比较,(3)P<0.05

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高原高海拔环境暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其机制
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且华吉 1, 2 , 刘江涛 1, 2 , 文艺 2 , 黄竹 2 , 孙红玉 2, * , 汤礼军 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(10): 961-967
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(10): 961-967
高原高海拔环境暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其机制
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且华吉1, 2, 刘江涛1, 2, 文艺2, 黄竹2, 孙红玉2, * , 汤礼军2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
  • 2西部战区总医院胰腺损伤与修复四川省重点实验室,四川成都 610083
  • 且华吉,硕士研究生,主要从事高原脱适应症的发病机制研究

通讯作者:

孙红玉,E-mail:;
汤礼军,E-mail:
Effects and mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats
Hua-Ji Qie1, 2, Jiang-Tao Liu1, 2, Yi Wen2, Zhu Huang2, Hong-Yu Sun2, * , Li-Jun Tang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Injury and Repair of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
出版时间: 2022-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0961
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目的 初步观察高原高海拔环境暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其可能机制。方法 健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为平原组、高原1个月组、高原2个月组与高原4个月组,每组12只。平原组于海拔约500 m处喂养1个月,各高原暴露组于高原环境模拟舱(5000 m)中分别喂养1、2和4个月,造模结束时采集血清和肝组织。采用全自动生化仪测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平,HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化,ELISA法检测肝组织中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构改变,Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ的相对表达量。结果 与平原组比较,高原2个月组血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显升高(P<0.05);与高原2个月组比较,高原4个月组血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显降低(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,各组肝组织小叶结构清晰,无明显炎性浸润,也无明显的细胞水肿或坏死。透射电镜观察显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝细胞中自噬小体数目明显多于平原组,高原4个月组肝细胞中自噬小体数目较高原2个月组明显减少。Western blotting和ELISA检测结果显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量明显高于平原组(P<0.05),GSH和SOD水平明显低于平原组(P<0.05);高原4个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量明显低于高原2个月组(P<0.05),GSH和SOD水平明显高于高原2个月组(P<0.05),且与平原组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在适应低压低氧环境的过程中,大鼠肝功能指标出现异常改变,其机制可能与肝脏氧化应激水平改变及肝细胞自噬有关。

高海拔  /  肝脏  /  自噬  /  氧化应激

Objective To observe the effects and possible mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into plain group, plateau 1-month group, plateau 2-month group and plateau 4-month group (12 each). Rats in plain group were fed at an altitude of about 500 m for 1 month, and in the plateau groups were fed in a simulated chamber of high altitude (5000 m) for 1 month, 2 months and 4 months, respectively. Serum and liver tissue were collected at the end of the model. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological morphology of liver tissue was observed by HE staining. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue were measured by ELISA. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expressions of autophagy associated proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the plain group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly increased in the plateau 2-month group (P<0.05); compared with the plateau 2-month group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and TBIL significantly decreased in the plateau 4-month group (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the lobule structure of liver tissue in each group was clear without obvious inflammatory infiltration, cell edema or necrosis. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the number of autophagy corpuscles in hepatocytes of rats was significantly higher in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in plain group, and was significantly lower in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein increased significantly, while the GSH and SOD levels decreased significantly in plateau 1-month group and plateau 2-month group than in the plain group (P<0.05); the relative expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein significantly decreased, and the levels of GSH and SOD significantly increased in plateau 4-month group than in plateau 2-month group (P<0.05), but no significant differences compared with those in plain group(P>0.05). Conclusion In the process of adapting to hypobaric and hypoxic environment, abnormal changes of liver function indexes of rats occurred, the mechanism may be related to the changes of oxidative stress level and autophagy of hepatocytes.

high altitude  /  liver  /  autophagy  /  oxidative stress
且华吉, 刘江涛, 文艺, 黄竹, 孙红玉, 汤礼军. 高原高海拔环境暴露对大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (10) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0961
Hua-Ji Qie, Jiang-Tao Liu, Yi Wen, Zhu Huang, Hong-Yu Sun, Li-Jun Tang. Effects and mechanism of exposure to high altitude environment on liver function in rats[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (10) : 961 -967 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0961
从平原进入高原高海拔地区时,在低压低氧环境刺激下心、脑、肺、肝等机体重要器官的功能发生异常[1-4]。多项研究报道,高原缺氧环境可导致心、脑、肺功能异常改变[5-8],且对肝脏功能的损伤也不容忽视。崔建华等[9-10]发现,长期居住于高海拔环境人群的血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平明显升高。万平新等[11]发现,在低氧环境中,大鼠血清ALT、AST水平明显升高。目前,对于高原缺氧环境下肝功能损伤的相关机制,以及连续时间段内肝功能损伤的变化规律尚不清楚。自噬是真核生物细胞内分解细胞器及蛋白聚集物的主要机制之一[12-13],对平衡外部环境造成的细胞损伤以维持细胞的正常生理活动具有重要意义[14-18]。在缺氧条件下,机体氧自由基代谢紊乱,产生大量活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)[19]。ROS可活化Beclin-1,致使膜分离及自噬小体成核,并通过自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ将自噬小体与溶酶体特异性结合,从而使自噬小体被溶酶体中的水解酶水解,该过程能够在持续性缺氧环境中为细胞提供氨基酸、葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸等用于能量产生以及线粒体的数量和质量控制[20-25]。在缺氧、炎症、缺血再灌注等因素导致肝功能异常的病理过程中,一定程度的自噬增加可拮抗肝组织炎症反应的失调,通过多途径靶向自噬可减轻缺血再灌注损伤、清除ROS,从而起到一定的肝功能保护作用[26-28]。然而持续缺氧引发的过度自噬可导致肝细胞进一步受损甚至死亡,因此抑制过度自噬也能对肝细胞起到保护作用[29-30]。在缺氧引起的器官损伤中,适度的自噬对于清除细胞内受损细胞器、维持细胞稳态具有重要作用[31-32]。本研究观察长期缺氧大鼠肝功能指标的变化规律及其可能机制,以深入了解高原高海拔地区人群肝脏功能的改变及相关的病理机制。
还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)ELISA检测试剂盒购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司;ALT、AST、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所;Trizol、全蛋白提取试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;兔抗大鼠LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1多克隆抗体购自美国Abcam公司;兔抗大鼠GAPDH单克隆抗体、山羊抗兔二抗购自美国Proteintech公司;动物用麻醉药异氟烷购自深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司。全自动生化分析仪购自美国Thermo Fisher公司;Leica DM300生物显微镜购自德国Lecia公司;JEM-1400Flash透射电镜购自日本电子(JEOL)公司。
SPF级雄性SD大鼠48只,8~9周龄,体重190~210 g,购自成都达硕动物科技有限公司[实验动物许可证号:SCXK(川)2020-030],随机分为平原组、高原1个月组、高原2个月组与高原4个月组,每组12只。平原组于西部战区总医院基础医学实验室动物饲养中心(海拔约500 m)喂养1个月,各高原暴露组于西部战区总医院环境模拟训练舱中分别饲养1、2和4个月,环境模拟训练舱设置为海拔高度5000 m,温度22~24 ℃,湿度60%。各组大鼠给予充足的清洁用水和饲料,12 h/12 h昼夜节律,并于造模结束时间点以吸入性麻醉剂异氟烷麻醉,采集血清及肝组织。本研究经西部战区总医院实验动物伦理委员会批准(2021EC2-30),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
采用全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平,具体操作步骤严格按照说明书进行。
取各组大鼠肝组织,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,经脱水、石蜡包埋、切片、脱蜡后,行苏木精-伊红染色,封片后于Leica DM300光学显微镜下观察肝组织病理变化。
采用ELISA法检测各组大鼠肝组织中GSH、SOD水平,严格按照说明书步骤操作。
取各组大鼠新鲜肝组织约0.1 mm3,经3%戊二醛溶液预固定、1%四氧化锇溶液再固定、脱水、渗透、包埋、超薄切片(厚度50 nm),再经醋酸铀(10~15 min)和枸橼酸铅(1~2 min)染色后,于JEM-1400Flash透射电镜下观察并采集图像。
取各组肝组织,按照全蛋白提取试剂盒说明书步骤提取总蛋白,采用BCA法测定总蛋白浓度,取40 μg总蛋白上样,行SDS-PAGE电泳,转移至PVDF膜上,加入5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h;加入兔抗Beclin-1(1:2000)、LC3-Ⅱ(1:2000)多克隆抗体4 ℃孵育过夜;次日TBST洗膜3次,加入山羊抗兔二抗(1:5000)室温孵育1 h;TBST洗膜3次,ECL曝光显影,应用UVP BioSpectrum 410成像系统曝光并分析目的条带灰度值,使用ImageJ软件分析目的蛋白相对表达量。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,方差齐时,多组间比较采用两因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;方差不齐时,多组间比较采用非参数检验(Kruskal-Wallis检验),进一步两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
与平原组比较,高原1个月组血清TBIL水平明显升高(P<0.05),高原2个月组ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显升高(P<0.05);与高原1个月组比较,高原4个月组ALT水平明显降低(P<0.05);与高原2个月组比较,高原4个月组ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显降低(P<0.05)(图1A)。
HE染色结果显示,各组大鼠肝组织小叶结构清晰,无明显炎性浸润,也无明显的细胞水肿或坏死(图1B)。
ELISA检测结果显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝组织中GSH、SOD水平均明显低于平原组(P<0.05),但高原1个月组与高原2个月组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高原4个月组肝组织中GSH、SOD水平明显高于高原1个月组和高原2个月组(P<0.05),但与平原组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2)。
透射电镜观察显示,平原组肝细胞核清晰可见,线粒体分布均匀,无自噬现象;高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝细胞核轻度皱缩,呈不规则形,染色质有团聚,胞质内少许线粒体发生肿胀,并可见大量自噬小体,且高原2个月组肝细胞内自噬小体体积较高原1个月组增大,数目增多;高原4个月组肝细胞内自噬小体明显减少(图3)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量明显高于平原组(P<0.05);高原4个月组肝组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达量低于高原1个月组和高原2个月组(P<0.05),但与平原组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图4)。
高原高海拔暴露导致的机体器官功能异常是缺氧性损伤的主要表现,其中肝脏损伤包括肝细胞合成ATP的能力下降、肝细胞水肿、Kupffer细胞释放大量炎性介质以及微循环障碍等[33],生化指标变化表现为ALT、AST水平上升,提示肝细胞在低氧环境下已受到损伤[9-11]。本研究结果显示,在高原高海拔暴露2个月后,大鼠肝功能指标出现异常,提示大鼠肝功能受到低氧环境的慢性损害;而大部分异常的器官功能在长期低氧条件下可逐步恢复至正常或稳定在一定水平[34]。本研究中,在暴露于高海拔环境4个月后大鼠肝功能指标趋于平原组水平,提示低氧环境造成的肝功能损伤得到了修复,其调节机制可能与线粒体DNA(mtDNA)数量增加、细胞色素氧化酶(cytochrome oxidase,COX)上调、高原缺氧适应相关基因的表达改变有关[35-36]
氧化产物代谢紊乱是高原缺氧环境损伤机体常见的病理机制,低氧环境可促进氧自由基(包括过氧化氢、羟自由基、超氧阴离子等)的产生[37]。正常情况下少量的氧自由基可被机体的氧化防御系统(SOD、GSH等)代谢,而氧自由基过度产生可打破机体的防御屏障,对机体产生损害[38-39]。魏登邦等[40]研究发现,高海拔低氧环境下机体偏向过氧化状态,具体表现为ROS水平增高,抗氧化物SOD、GSH水平降低,氧化产物增多。本研究结果显示,高原1个月组和高原2个月组肝组织中GSH、SOD水平均明显低于平原组,与魏登邦等[40]的研究结果一致。
在机体氧化应激紊乱过程中,产生了大量ROS,除消耗大量抗氧化物质外,还可通过活化Beclin-1、调节自噬相关信号等多种途径来调节自噬过程[41]。在肝功能出现异常及氧化应激紊乱的过程中,适度的自噬可清除过度产生的ROS,避免氧化反应失衡导致的细胞蛋白质、DNA损伤[42-43];但持续的氧化刺激反而会导致过度自噬,从而使肝细胞损伤加重[30]。为了进一步探索高原环境下肝脏功能紊乱的机制,本研究采用透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构的改变,发现肝功能异常时肝细胞内出现自噬小体,提示在高原高海拔暴露下自噬在肝脏功能紊乱中可能起着重要作用。自噬是一种进化上高度保守的细胞降解过程,广泛存在于真核生物体内,参与多种生理病理反应,如感染、肿瘤、缺血再灌注损伤等,具有重要意义[44]。当自噬过程受阻时,会出现自噬通量下降以及自噬相关蛋白积累,表现为自噬小体体积增大,异常折叠蛋白或受损细胞器等堆积于细胞中,最终对细胞产生损伤[45]。自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1是自噬启动阶段介导其他自噬蛋白定位于自噬膜的重要因子,而LC3-Ⅱ是自噬小体形成的标志性蛋白[46]。本研究中这两种蛋白的表达量在肝细胞出现自噬小体时增高,提示肝功能指标异常以及抗氧化指标SOD、GSH水平下降与自噬小体大量出现关系密切。
综上所述,本研究结果初步表明,在高原高海拔暴露下,大鼠肝脏氧化产物代谢异常,并伴有肝功能的改变,其机制可能与自噬过程受阻有关。本研究揭示了长期暴露于高原高海拔环境下大鼠肝功能的动态变化规律,对于探究机体在缺氧环境中的适应规律具有一定的参考价值。但本研究仍存在以下不足:首先,仅探讨了肝细胞自噬与大鼠肝功能异常之间的关系,其详细机制尚待进一步研究;其次,对于缺氧导致的肝功能损伤,能否从自噬机制方面进行干预以改善肝功能,尚待进一步研究。后续需针对上述不足进一步探索低氧环境下肝细胞自噬的机制。
  • 国家临床重点专科建设项目(41792113)
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2022年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.10.0961
  • 接收时间:2022-01-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2022-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-21
  • 录用日期:2022-02-26
基金
National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project(41792113)
国家临床重点专科建设项目(41792113)
Applied Basic Research Project of the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission(CLB19J050)
军委后勤保障部应用基础研究面上项目(CLB19J050)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
    2西部战区总医院胰腺损伤与修复四川省重点实验室,四川成都 610083

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孙红玉,E-mail:;
汤礼军,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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