Article(id=1206995862044098907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645459200000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1656950400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-07-05, onlineDate=1765699838410, onlineDateStr=2025-12-14, pubDate=1672156800000, pubDateStr=2022-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765699838410, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765699838410, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765699838410, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206995859061952854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1169', pageEnd='1270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765699837699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765700204449, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206997397385859947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206997397385859948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1232, endPage=1240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206995862388031838, articleId=1206995862044098907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Construction of a predictive model for the risk of new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy after admission in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the factors influencing hospitalized new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in hospitalized patients with hepatitis B-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), and to construct an individualized risk prediction model. Methods A total of 310 HBV-ACLF patients admitted to Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from December 2016 to December 2020 were selected, and divided into non-hepatic encephalopathy group(n=236), hepatic encephalopathy group (n=74) according to whether OHE occurred after admission. The general data, laboratory test indicators, and model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were compared between the two groups; univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors influencing the hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients after admission. A nomogram model was constructed with the influencing factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve and the calibration curve was used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model, and decision curve analysis(DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical validity of the model. Results Compared with the non-hepatic encephalopathy group, the baseline international normalized ratio [2.71(2.20, 3.44) vs. 1.98(1.70, 2.55)], serum alanine aminotransferase [987.50(450.50,1538.00) U/L vs. 561.00(191.00, 1090.50) U/L], blood aspartate aminotransferase [830.00(257.75, 1518.25) U/L vs. 381.00(153.50, 872.00) U/L], plasma Ammonia [71.75(57.75, 109.50) μmol/L vs. 57.00(41.80, 79.60) μmol/L], white blood cell count [7.93(6.43, 9.74)×109/L vs. 6.62(5.33, 8.16)×109/L], hemoglobin [136.50 (126.25, 151.50) g/L vs. 126.00(115.00,143.00) g/L], and the proportion of patients in intermediate and advanced stages (56.8% vs. 23.3%) of the hepatic encephalopathy group were higher, the difference was statistically significant; the alpha-fetoprotein level was lower [56.33(23.61, 139.03) ng/L vs. 88.25(31.32, 216.88) ng/L, P=0.033], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline international normalized ratio (OR=2.56, 95%CI 1.61-4.30, P<0.001), age (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.02-1.10, P=0.003), plasma ammonia (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.03, P=0.005), blood white blood cell count (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.07-1.43, P=0.003), hemoglobin (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.05, P=0.026) were the independent influencing factors of hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram model established in this study was 0.848(95%CI 0.798-0.897), and the MELD model was 0.723(95%CI 0.654-0.793). The maximum bias (Emax)=0.143 and the minimum bias (Eavg=0.041 between the nomogram model and the ideal model, the model has a good degree of discrimination,S:p=0.676. Through the calibration test, the model predicted value is consistent with the actual value. The performance was good, the decision curve showed that the threshold was in the range of 0.05 to 1.0, and the net benefit rate of the nomogram model was higher than that of the MELD model. Conclusions Age, international normalized ratio, white blood cell count, plasma ammonia, and hemoglobin are the factors influencing hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients. Nomogram constructed from five independent influencing factors can more accurately predict the risk of hospitalized new-onset OHE in this population, thus having a good clinical application value.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-Hui Lin, Li-Xia Chen, Li-Qin Lan, Wen-Guo Xie, Xing-Xing Weng, Zhen-E Xu, Min Chen, Xiao-Ling Yu, Hai-Yu Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1206995863612768630, articleId=1206995862044098907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病风险预测模型的构建, columnId=1190310109164180259, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=临床研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探索乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病(OHE)的影响因素,并构建个体化风险预测模型。方法 选取福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院2016年12月-2020年12月收治的310例HBV-ACLF患者,按入院后是否发生OHE分为无肝性脑病组(n=236)、肝性脑病组(n=74)。比较两组患者的一般资料、实验室检查指标及终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分等,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发OHE的影响因素;采用独立影响因素构建Nomogram模型,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及校准曲线评价模型的区分度及校准度,决策曲线分析法(DCA)评估模型的临床有效性。结果 与无肝性脑病组比较,肝性脑病组的国际标准化比值[2.71(2.20,3.44) vs. 1.98(1.70,2.55)]、谷丙转氨酶[987.50(450.50,1538.00) U/L vs.561.00(191.00,1090.50) U/L]、谷草转氨酶[830.00(257.75,1518.25) U/L vs. 381.00(153.50,872.00) U/L]、血浆氨[71.75(57.75,109.50) μmol/L vs. 57.00(41.80,79.60) μmol/L]、白细胞计数[7.93(6.43,9.74)×109/L vs. 6.62(5.33,8.16)×109/L]、血红蛋白[136.50(126.25,151.50) g/L vs.126.00(115.00,143.00) g/L]及中晚期患者占比(56.8% vs. 23.3%)均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),甲胎蛋白水平较低[56.33(23.61~139.03) ng/L vs. 88.25(31.32~216.88) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,国际标准化比值(OR=2.56,95%CI 1.61~4.30,P<0.001)、年龄(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.02~1.10,P=0.003)、血浆氨(OR=1.02,95%CI 1.01~1.03,P=0.005)、白细胞计数(OR=1.24,95%CI 1.07~1.43,P=0.003)、血红蛋白(OR=1.03,95%CI 1.00~1.05,P=0.026)是HBV-ACLF患者出现新发OHE的独立影响因素。本研究建立的Nomogram模型的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848(95%CI 0.798~0.897),MELD模型的AUC为0.723(95%CI 0.654~0.793)。Nomogram模型与理想模型的最大偏倚(Emax)=0.143,最小偏倚(Eavg)=0.041,模型有良好的区分度,S:p=0.676>0.05,通过校准度检验,模型预测值与实际值结果的一致性良好,决策曲线显示阈值在0.05~1.0范围内,列线图模型的净获益率均高于MELD模型。结论 年龄、国际标准化比值、白细胞计数、血浆氨及血红蛋白是HBV-ACLF患者住院期间新发OHE的影响因素,由这5个独立影响因素构建的Nomogram模型能较准确地预测该人群住院期间新发OHE的风险,具有良好的临床应用价值。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Lt5A0zNkVGHU7aG8mDxuzQ==, magXml=quFS/F7i38UQWM+SHi27yA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=a057IhJxpASOPHDeoQGScA==, pdfFileSize=1574968, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KigmJv8Qe+5qLo5AzdzsRA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xIgpLQmOj4UtfptedrTXfA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

林建辉,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事肝衰竭等终末期肝脏疾病的临床及基础研究

, authorsList=林建辉, 陈丽霞, 蓝丽琴, 谢文国, 翁钘钘, 许镇额, 陈敏, 俞晓玲, 刘海钰)}, authors=[Author(id=1207064331963945160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332039442634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064331963945160, language=EN, stringName=Jian-Hui Lin, firstName=Jian-Hui, middleName=null, lastName=Lin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332119134411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064331963945160, language=CN, stringName=林建辉, firstName=建辉, middleName=null, lastName=林, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio={"content":"

林建辉,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事肝衰竭等终末期肝脏疾病的临床及基础研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

林建辉,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事肝衰竭等终末期肝脏疾病的临床及基础研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064332232380624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332320461015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332232380624, language=EN, stringName=Li-Xia Chen, firstName=Li-Xia, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332391764186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332232380624, language=CN, stringName=陈丽霞, firstName=丽霞, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064332492427485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332584702177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332492427485, language=EN, stringName=Li-Qin Lan, firstName=Li-Qin, middleName=null, lastName=Lan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332664393955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332492427485, language=CN, stringName=蓝丽琴, firstName=丽琴, middleName=null, lastName=蓝, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064332781834473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332878303471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332781834473, language=EN, stringName=Wen-Guo Xie, firstName=Wen-Guo, middleName=null, lastName=Xie, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064332953800944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064332781834473, language=CN, stringName=谢文国, firstName=文国, middleName=null, lastName=谢, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064333037687028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333138350329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333037687028, language=EN, stringName=Xing-Xing Weng, firstName=Xing-Xing, middleName=null, lastName=Weng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333230625022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333037687028, language=CN, stringName=翁钘钘, firstName=钘钘, middleName=null, lastName=翁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064333289345280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333377425668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333289345280, language=EN, stringName=Zhen-E Xu, firstName=Zhen-E, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333494866187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333289345280, language=CN, stringName=许镇额, firstName=镇额, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064333616501008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333746524433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333616501008, language=EN, stringName=Min Chen, firstName=Min, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064333855576342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333616501008, language=CN, stringName=陈敏, firstName=敏, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064333964628253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064334082068767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333964628253, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-Ling Yu, firstName=Xiao-Ling, middleName=null, lastName=Yu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064334174343461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064333964628253, language=CN, stringName=俞晓玲, firstName=晓玲, middleName=null, lastName=俞, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院药学部,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331783590072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331791978681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331783590072, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331796172986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331783590072, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院药学部,福建福州 350001)])]), Author(id=1207064334254035243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1207064334354698542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064334254035243, language=EN, stringName=Hai-Yu Liu, firstName=Hai-Yu, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3Union Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1207064334488916271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, authorId=1207064334254035243, language=CN, stringName=刘海钰, firstName=海钰, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3福建医科大学协和临床医学院,福建福州 350001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331863281856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331871670464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331863281856, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Union Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331880059073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331863281856, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3福建医科大学协和临床医学院,福建福州 350001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1207064334635716917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=hepatitis B), Keyword(id=1207064334765740346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=acute-on-chronic liver failure), Keyword(id=1207064334866403644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=new-onset), Keyword(id=1207064334937706815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=overt hepatic encephalopathy), Keyword(id=1207064335025787202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=nomogram model), Keyword(id=1207064335130644805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=乙型肝炎), Keyword(id=1207064335206142278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=慢加急性肝衰竭), Keyword(id=1207064335302611273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=新发), Keyword(id=1207064335369720140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=显性肝性脑病), Keyword(id=1207064335466189136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=Nomogram模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1207064337366208908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=159, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Li T, Li JF, Mao XR, journalName=Chin J Pract Intern Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Li JF, Mao XR. Progress in risk factors and treatment of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis[J]. Chin J Pract Intern Med, 2021, 41(2): 159-162., articleTitle=Progress in risk factors and treatment of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064337437512079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=159, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=李婷, 李俊峰, 毛小荣, journalName=中国实用内科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[李婷, 李俊峰, 毛小荣. 肝硬化门静脉血栓发生的危险因素及治疗进展[J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2021, 41(2): 159-162.], articleTitle=肝硬化门静脉血栓发生的危险因素及治疗进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064337529786769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=189, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Dellatore P, Cheung M, Mahpour NY, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dellatore P, Cheung M, Mahpour NY, et al. Clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 189-196., articleTitle=Clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064337659810196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=suppl 1, pageStart=S37, pageEnd=S41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Dharel N, Bajaj JS, journalName=J Clin Exp Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dharel N, Bajaj JS. Definition and nomenclature of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2015, 5(suppl 1):S37-S41., articleTitle=Definition and nomenclature of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064337760473495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=4, pageStart=354, pageEnd=360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Tan JT, Xu XM, He YX, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tan JT, Xu XM, He YX, et al. Construction of prediction model of cirrhosis-related hepatic encephalopathy based on machine learning algorithm[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(4): 354-360., articleTitle=Construction of prediction model of cirrhosis-related hepatic encephalopathy based on machine learning algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064337898885529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=354, pageEnd=360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=谈军涛, 许晓梅, 何雨芯, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[谈军涛, 许晓梅, 何雨芯, 等. 基于机器学习算法的肝硬化相关肝性脑病预测模型的构建[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(4): 354-360.], articleTitle=基于机器学习算法的肝硬化相关肝性脑病预测模型的构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338091823516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=157, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Elsaid MI, Rustgi VK, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Elsaid MI, Rustgi VK. Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 157-174., articleTitle=Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338247012767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=67, issue=5, pageStart=1114, pageEnd=1115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Stengel S, Stallmach A, Richter K, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stengel S, Stallmach A, Richter K, et al. Serum metabolic signatures in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 67(5): 1114-1115., articleTitle=Serum metabolic signatures in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338347676066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=113, issue=11, pageStart=1600, pageEnd=1612, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Acharya C, Bajaj JS, journalName=Am J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Acharya C, Bajaj JS. Current management of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2018, 113(11): 1600-1612., articleTitle=Current management of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338473505187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=219, pageEnd=229, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Krishnarao A, Gordon FD, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Krishnarao A, Gordon FD. Prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 219-229., articleTitle=Prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338574168486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=171, pageEnd=179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=García-Martínez R, Simón-Talero M, Córdoba J, journalName=Dis Markers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=García-Martínez R, Simón-Talero M, Córdoba J. Prognostic assessment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Dis Markers, 2011, 31(3): 171-179., articleTitle=Prognostic assessment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338691609000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=607, pageEnd=623, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Yanny B, Winters A, Boutros S, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yanny B, Winters A, Boutros S, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy challenges, burden, and diagnostic and therapeutic approach[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2019, 23(4): 607-623., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy challenges, burden, and diagnostic and therapeutic approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338758717865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=420, pageEnd=421, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Liao W, Tang Y, Wang CY, journalName=Clin J Med Offic, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao W, Tang Y, Wang CY, et al. Sleep and cognition and risk factors in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with occult hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin J Med Offic, 2020, 48(4): 420-421., articleTitle=Sleep and cognition and risk factors in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with occult hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338859381163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=420, pageEnd=421, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=廖威, 唐艳, 王春燕, journalName=临床军医杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[廖威, 唐艳, 王春燕, 等. 乙肝肝硬化合并隐匿性肝性脑病患者睡眠和认知情况及危险因素研究[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2020, 48(4): 420-421.], articleTitle=乙肝肝硬化合并隐匿性肝性脑病患者睡眠和认知情况及危险因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064338939072940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=558, pageEnd=562, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Kang N, Wang CK, Qi LC, journalName=Chin J Pract Intern Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang N, Wang CK, Qi LC, et al. Clinical significance of PTAR and ICGR15 joint score in predicting the occurrence of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis[J]. Chin J Pract Intern Med, 2020, 40(7): 558-562., articleTitle=Clinical significance of PTAR and ICGR15 joint score in predicting the occurrence of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339014570413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=558, pageEnd=562, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=康宁, 王存凯, 齐丽翠, journalName=中国实用内科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[康宁, 王存凯, 齐丽翠, 等. PTAR联合ICGR15对乙肝肝硬化患者发生慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值研究[J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2020, 40(7): 558-562.], articleTitle=PTAR联合ICGR15对乙肝肝硬化患者发生慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339165565357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=382, issue=22, pageStart=2137, pageEnd=2145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Arroyo V, Moreau R, Jalan R, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arroyo V, Moreau R, Jalan R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(22): 2137-2145., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339291394480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=957, pageEnd=978, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT. Intensive care unit management of patients with liver failure[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18(4): 957-978., articleTitle=Intensive care unit management of patients with liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339387863474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=21, issue=42, pageStart=12125, pageEnd=12140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Blasco-Algora S, Masegosa-Ataz J, Gutiérrez-García ML, journalName=World J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blasco-Algora S, Masegosa-Ataz J, Gutiérrez-García ML, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and management[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(42):12125-12140., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339463360948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=165, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Olson JC, journalName=Curr Opin Crit Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Olson JC. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: management and prognosis[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2019, 25(2): 165-170., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure: management and prognosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339576607158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=523, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Kerbert AJ, Engelmann C, Jalan R, journalName=Semin Respir Crit Care Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kerbert AJ, Engelmann C, Jalan R. Neurocritical care management of hepatic encephalopathy and Coma in liver failure[J]. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 39(5): 523-537., articleTitle=Neurocritical care management of hepatic encephalopathy and Coma in liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339673076152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=583423, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Li Q, Wang J, Lu MJ, journalName=Front Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Q, Wang J, Lu MJ, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure from chronic-hepatitis-B, who is the behind scenes[J]. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11: 583423., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure from chronic-hepatitis-B, who is the behind scenes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339756962234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=1637, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Liere V, Sandhu G, DeMorrow S, journalName=F1000Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liere V, Sandhu G, DeMorrow S. Recent advances in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. F1000Res, 2017, 6: 1637., articleTitle=Recent advances in hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339866014139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhang J, Gao S, Duan ZP, journalName=Front Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Gao S, Duan ZP, et al. Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Front Med, 2016, 10(1): 1-17., articleTitle=Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064339991843260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=520, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Lee GH, journalName=Hepatol Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee GH. Hepatic encephalopathy in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatol Int, 2015, 9(4): 520-526., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy in acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340075729341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=13, issue=4, pageStart=353, pageEnd=390, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, journalName=Hepatol Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): an update[J]. Hepatol Int, 2019, 13(4): 353-390., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): an update, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340163809726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=172, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Rahimi RS, Rockey DC, journalName=Curr Opin Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rahimi RS, Rockey DC. Acute on chronic liver failure:definitions, treatments and outcomes[J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2016, 32(3): 172-181., articleTitle=Acute on chronic liver failure:definitions, treatments and outcomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340230918591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=60, issue=2, pageStart=275, pageEnd=281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simón-Talero M, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simón-Talero M, et al. Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 60(2): 275-281., articleTitle=Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340306416064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association, Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, journalName=Chin J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2019, 27(1): 18-26., articleTitle=Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340398690753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=29, authorNames=中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组, journalName=中华肝脏病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组. 肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2019, 27(1): 18-26.], articleTitle=肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340474188226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=393, pageEnd=417, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Rudler M, Weiss N, Bouzbib C, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rudler M, Weiss N, Bouzbib C, et al. Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2021, 25(2): 393-417., articleTitle=Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340537102787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=22, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Zhang J, Zhou XM, journalName=Chin J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhou XM. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2014, 22(2): 86-88., articleTitle=Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340620988868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=22, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=32, authorNames=张静, 周新民, journalName=中华肝脏病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[张静, 周新民. 肝性脑病的诊断与鉴别诊断[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2014, 22(2): 86-88.], articleTitle=肝性脑病的诊断与鉴别诊断, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340704874949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=301, pageEnd=320, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Khungar V, Poordad F, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khungar V, Poordad F. Hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2012, 16(2): 301-320., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340788761030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=464, pageEnd=470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Kamath P, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kamath P. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease[J]. Hepatology, 2001, 33(2): 464-470., articleTitle=A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340881035719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=94, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Xie ZY, Violetta L, Chen EM, journalName=J Clin Apher, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie ZY, Violetta L, Chen EM, et al. A prognostic model for hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure patients treated using a plasma exchange-centered liver support system[J]. J Clin Apher, 2020, 35(2): 94-103., articleTitle=A prognostic model for hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure patients treated using a plasma exchange-centered liver support system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064340943950280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=E12, pageEnd=E20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Kakisaka K, Kataoka K, Onodera M, journalName=Hepatol Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kakisaka K, Kataoka K, Onodera M, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein: a biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure[J]. Hepatol Res, 2015, 45(10): E12-E20., articleTitle=Alpha-fetoprotein: a biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341006864841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=1810, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Yu ZJ, Zhang Y, Cao YY, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu ZJ, Zhang Y, Cao YY, et al. A dynamic prediction model for prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure based on the trend of clinical indicators[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 1810., articleTitle=A dynamic prediction model for prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure based on the trend of clinical indicators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341065585098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=64, issue=1, pageStart=200, pageEnd=208, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, et al. The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(1): 200-208., articleTitle=The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341141082571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=F1000 Faculty Rev, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Kerbert AJC, Jalan R, journalName=F1000Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kerbert AJC, Jalan R. Recent advances in understanding and managing hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease[J]. F1000Res, 2020, 9: F1000 Faculty Rev-312., articleTitle=Recent advances in understanding and managing hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341220774348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=62, issue=2, pageStart=437, pageEnd=447, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Romero-Gómez M, Montagnese S, Jalan R, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Romero-Gómez M, Montagnese S, Jalan R. Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2015, 62(2): 437-447., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341300466125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=5, issue=2, pageStart=142, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Elwir S, Rahimi RS, journalName=J Clin Transl Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Elwir S, Rahimi RS. Hepatic encephalopathy: an update on the pathophysiology and therapeutic options[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2017, 5(2): 142-151., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy: an update on the pathophysiology and therapeutic options, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341485015502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=175, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Jaffe A, Lim JK, Jakab SS, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jaffe A, Lim JK, Jakab SS. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 175-188., articleTitle=Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341610844623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=402, issue=9, pageStart=1087, pageEnd=1102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Häussinger D, Butz M, Schnitzler A, journalName=Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Häussinger D, Butz M, Schnitzler A, et al. Pathomechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Biol Chem, 2021, 402(9): 1087-1102., articleTitle=Pathomechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341732479440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=977, pageEnd=980, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Bernuau J, Durand F, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bernuau J, Durand F. Early prediction of encephalopathy in hospitalized patients with severe acute liver disease: the narrow window of opportunity for transplant-free survival[J]. J Hepatol, 2009, 51(6): 977-980., articleTitle=Early prediction of encephalopathy in hospitalized patients with severe acute liver disease: the narrow window of opportunity for transplant-free survival, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341824754129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Gong ZW, Deng CL, journalName=Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong ZW, Deng CL. Prognostic factors of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure and establishment of a new prognosis model[J]. Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch, 2020, 41(3): 269-272, 278., articleTitle=Prognostic factors of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure and establishment of a new prognosis model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341904445906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=46, authorNames=龚志伟, 邓存良, journalName=解放军医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[龚志伟, 邓存良. 探讨建立乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后影响因素分析的新模型[J]. 解放军医学院学报, 2020, 41(3): 269-272, 278.], articleTitle=探讨建立乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后影响因素分析的新模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064341971554771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=709884, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Long LY, Li H, Deng GH, journalName=Front Med (Lausanne), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Long LY, Li H, Deng GH, et al. Impact of hepatic encephalopathy on clinical characteristics and adverse outcomes in prospective and multicenter cohorts of patients with acute-on-chronic liver diseases[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 709884., articleTitle=Impact of hepatic encephalopathy on clinical characteristics and adverse outcomes in prospective and multicenter cohorts of patients with acute-on-chronic liver diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342076412372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=970, pageEnd=982, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Verma N, Dhiman RK, Choudhury A, journalName=Hepatol Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Verma N, Dhiman RK, Choudhury A, et al. Dynamic assessments of hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia levels predict mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatol Int, 2021, 15(4):970-982., articleTitle=Dynamic assessments of hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia levels predict mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342164492757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=4, pageStart=858, pageEnd=866, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Miwa T, Hanai T, Nishimura K, journalName=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miwa T, Hanai T, Nishimura K, et al. Handgrip strength stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2022, 46(4):858-866., articleTitle=Handgrip strength stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342269350358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=16970, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Hu CX, Huang KZ, Zhao LF, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu CX, Huang KZ, Zhao LF, et al. Serum ammonia is a strong prognostic factor for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 16970., articleTitle=Serum ammonia is a strong prognostic factor for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342361625047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=4, issue=5, pageStart=843, pageEnd=850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Shalimar, Rout G, Kumar R, journalName=JGH Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shalimar, Rout G, Kumar R, et al. Persistent or incident hyperammonemia is associated with poor outcomes in acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. JGH Open, 2020, 4(5): 843-850., articleTitle=Persistent or incident hyperammonemia is associated with poor outcomes in acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342462288344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=12, pageStart=e23553, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Zhang JF, Liu XL, Ye B, journalName=J Clin Lab Anal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JF, Liu XL, Ye B, et al. Ammonia predicts poor outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2020, 34(12): e23553., articleTitle=Ammonia predicts poor outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342521008601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=12, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=135, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Hadjihambi A, Arias N, Sheikh M, journalName=Hepatol Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hadjihambi A, Arias N, Sheikh M, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy:a critical current review[J]. Hepatol Int, 2018, 12(Suppl 1): 135-147., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy:a critical current review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342592311770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=17, issue=2, pageStart=177, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=54, authorNames=García-Martínez R, Córdoba J, journalName=Curr Opin Crit Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=García-Martínez R, Córdoba J. Acute-on-chronic liver failure:the brain[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2011, 17(2): 177-183., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure:the brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342659420635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=272, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD, journalName=J Clin Exp Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD. Hyperammonemia in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2018, 8(3): 272-280., articleTitle=Hyperammonemia in hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342743306716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=60, issue=2, pageStart=715, pageEnd=735, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the European association for the study of the liver[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60(2): 715-735., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the European association for the study of the liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342827192797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=505, pageEnd=511, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Mallet M, Weiss N, Thabut D, journalName=Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mallet M, Weiss N, Thabut D, et al. Why and when to measure ammonemia in cirrhosis?[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2018, 42(6): 505-511., articleTitle=Why and when to measure ammonemia in cirrhosis?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342894301662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=115, issue=7, pageStart=989, pageEnd=1002, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Bajaj JS, Lauridsen M, Tapper EB, journalName=Am J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bajaj JS, Lauridsen M, Tapper EB, et al. Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an ISHEN consensus[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2020, 115(7): 989-1002., articleTitle=Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an ISHEN consensus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064342948827615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=378, pageEnd=382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Verdelho MM, journalName=GE Port J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Verdelho MM. Liquid diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy: are we there already?[J]. GE Port J Gastroenterol, 2020, 27(6): 378-382., articleTitle=Liquid diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy: are we there already?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343020130784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=70, issue=1, pageStart=403, pageEnd=409, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Tapper EB, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tapper EB. Predicting overt hepatic encephalopathy for the population with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 70(1): 403-409., articleTitle=Predicting overt hepatic encephalopathy for the population with cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343095628257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=101, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Dong JL, Chen Y, journalName=Hepatolgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong JL, Chen Y. Judgment and clinical classification of the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure: contention and discussion[J]. Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(2): 101-103., articleTitle=Judgment and clinical classification of the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure: contention and discussion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343154348514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=101, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=62, authorNames=董金玲, 陈煜, journalName=肝脏, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[董金玲, 陈煜.慢加急性肝衰竭疾病严重程度判断及临床分型:争鸣与探讨[J]. 肝脏, 2021, 26(2): 101-103.], articleTitle=慢加急性肝衰竭疾病严重程度判断及临床分型:争鸣与探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343225651683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=75, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=S27, pageEnd=S35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Moreau R, Gao B, Papp M, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moreau R, Gao B, Papp M, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure:a distinct clinical syndrome[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 75(Suppl 1):S27-S35., articleTitle=Acute-on-chronic liver failure:a distinct clinical syndrome, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343292760548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=72, issue=4, pageStart=610, pageEnd=612, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Engelmann C, Mehta G, Tacke F, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Engelmann C, Mehta G, Tacke F. Regeneration in acute-on-chronic liver failure - the phantom lost its camouflage[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 72(4): 610-612., articleTitle=Regeneration in acute-on-chronic liver failure - the phantom lost its camouflage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343364063717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=10, pageStart=1870, pageEnd=1880, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Fernández J, Acevedo J, Wiest R, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fernández J, Acevedo J, Wiest R, et al. Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(10):1870-1880., articleTitle=Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343435366886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=732, pageEnd=742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Sawhney R, Holland-Fischer P, Rosselli M, journalName=Liver Transpl, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sawhney R, Holland-Fischer P, Rosselli M, et al. Role of ammonia, inflammation, and cerebral oxygenation in brain dysfunction of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients[J]. Liver Transpl, 2016, 22(6): 732-742., articleTitle=Role of ammonia, inflammation, and cerebral oxygenation in brain dysfunction of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343510864359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=6, pageStart=509, pageEnd=517, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Manzhalii E, Virchenko O, Falalyeyeva T, journalName=Dig Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Manzhalii E, Virchenko O, Falalyeyeva T, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy aggravated by systemic inflammation[J]. Dig Dis, 2019, 37(6): 509-517., articleTitle=Hepatic encephalopathy aggravated by systemic inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343573778920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=551, pageEnd=563, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=68, authorNames=Sussman NL, journalName=Clin Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sussman NL. Treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2015, 19(3): 551-563., articleTitle=Treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343640887785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=232, pageEnd=241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Ha JM, Sohn W, Cho JY, journalName=Clin Mol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ha JM, Sohn W, Cho JY, et al. Static and dynamic prognostic factors for hepatitis-B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2015, 21(3): 232-241., articleTitle=Static and dynamic prognostic factors for hepatitis-B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343707996650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=102, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Zhou C, Gong M, Zhang N, journalName=Chin J Integ Trad Western Med Liver Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou C, Gong M, Zhang N, et al. Nomogram prediction of individual prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-asso-ciated acute on chronic liver[J]. Chin J Integ Trad Western Med Liver Dis, 2021, 31(2): 102-107., articleTitle=Nomogram prediction of individual prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-asso-ciated acute on chronic liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343766716907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=102, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=71, authorNames=周超, 宫嫚, 张宁, journalName=中西医结合肝病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[周超, 宫嫚, 张宁, 等. 列线图预测乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭死亡风险的临床研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2021, 31(2): 102-107.], articleTitle=列线图预测乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭死亡风险的临床研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064343833825772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=36, pageStart=5403, pageEnd=5422, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Xu XY, Ding HG, Li WG, journalName=World J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu XY, Ding HG, Li WG, et al. Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2019, 25(36): 5403-5422., articleTitle=Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207064336955167105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, awardId=2021J011293, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (General) Project(2021J011293), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207064337047441795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, awardId=2021J011293, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金(面上)项目(2021J011293), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207064337114550662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, awardId=RGGJJ-2021-006, language=EN, fundingSource=Artificial Liver Special Fund of Beijing Hepatobiliary Public Welfare Foundation(RGGJJ-2021-006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207064337177465225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, awardId=RGGJJ-2021-006, language=CN, fundingSource=北京肝胆相照公益基金会人工肝专项基金(RGGJJ-2021-006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064331670343853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331678732463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331687121072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331670343853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207064331783590072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331791978681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331783590072, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331796172986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331783590072, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院药学部,福建福州 350001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207064331863281856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331871670464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331863281856, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Union Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064331880059073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, companyId=1207064331863281856, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3福建医科大学协和临床医学院,福建福州 350001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207064335684292954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Visual display of Nomogram based on multivariate regression analysis results, figureFileSmall=Y3t1w8lqaoDaJHXUSmqPIw==, figureFileBig=WR6FsFDPHCTSFpubUkmf7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064335801733471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于多因素回归分析结果的Nomogram可视化展示, figureFileSmall=Y3t1w8lqaoDaJHXUSmqPIw==, figureFileBig=WR6FsFDPHCTSFpubUkmf7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064335898202465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of two ROC curves for the model-MELD and model-Nomogram, figureFileSmall=8O/Urbqu/xtUIhA03CSQ0w==, figureFileBig=d78qXj/L0tNJzBbVPmx+Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336019837286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MELD及Nomogram模型的ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=8O/Urbqu/xtUIhA03CSQ0w==, figureFileBig=d78qXj/L0tNJzBbVPmx+Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336112111978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Calibration curve of the nomogram of new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy after admission in HBV-ACLF patients, figureFileSmall=r/UbNajLSL/l3MzLD3jUhg==, figureFileBig=OK8zvsOX+KNPwoo5k+6TPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336212775278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发显性肝性脑病Nomogram模型的校准曲线, figureFileSmall=r/UbNajLSL/l3MzLD3jUhg==, figureFileBig=OK8zvsOX+KNPwoo5k+6TPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336305049970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Decision curve analysis for MELD and Nomogram risk prediction models, figureFileSmall=tpAPEg4ZfpeqiiQil5l2YQ==, figureFileBig=RjbdFpQFzsj39kH21Evyqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336388936052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MELD模型与Nomogram模型的决策曲线分析, figureFileSmall=tpAPEg4ZfpeqiiQil5l2YQ==, figureFileBig=RjbdFpQFzsj39kH21Evyqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064336535736696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of general data of HBV-ACLF patients between two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总计(n=310)无肝性脑病组(n=236)肝性脑病组(n=74)Z/χ2P
年龄[岁,M(Q1, Q3)]44(37, 53)43(36, 52)48(37, 54)1.8010.073
性别[例(%)]   0.3120.579
 264 (85.2)199 (84.3)65 (87.8)
 46 (14.8)37 (15.7)9 (12.2)
总胆红素[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]362.65(302.70, 452.12)359.35(302.23, 434.18)377.85(305.53, 488.32)1.2310.218
INR[M(Q1, Q3)]2.12(1.74, 2.75)1.98(1.70, 2.55)2.71(2.20, 3.44)6.190<0.001
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]68.00(60.00, 75.00)68.00(60.75, 75.00)66.00(58.25, 79.00)0.5620.574
谷草转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]455.00(168.00, 1017.00)381.00(153.50, 872.00)830.00(257.75, 1518.25)3.960<0.001
谷丙转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]679.00(232.00, 1162.00)561.00(191.00, 1090.50)987.50(450.50, 1538.00)3.831<0.001
血钾[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]3.91(3.58, 4.25)3.89(3.57, 4.24)3.93(3.62, 4.29)0.5730.569
血钠[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]136.00(134.00, 138.00)137.00(134.00, 139.00)136.00(134.00, 138.00)0.7600.446
血浆氨[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]62.00(44.90, 87.50)57.00(41.80, 79.60)71.75(57.75, 109.50)4.331<0.001
白细胞计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]6.86(5.49, 8.65)6.62(5.33, 8.16)7.93(6.43, 9.74)3.732<0.001
血红蛋白[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]129.00(117.00, 144.75)126.00(115.00, 143.00)136.50(126.25, 151.50)3.641<0.001
血小板计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]110.00(81.00, 147.00)110.00(80.75, 147.00)110.00(84.25, 145.50)0.5010.616
甲胎蛋白[ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]82.20(28.82, 193.99)88.25(31.32, 216.88)56.33(23.61, 139.03)2.1300.033
MELD评分[M(Q1, Q3)]24.34(21.45, 27.33)23.60(21.07, 26.70)26.97(24.52, 30.14)5.732<0.001
肝硬化[例(%)]131(42.3)98(41.5)33(44.6)0.1110.740
2型糖尿病[例(%)]39(12.6)27(11.4)12(16.2)0.7700.379
高血压[例(%)]30(9.7)20(8.5)10(13.5)0.1120.292
病情分期[例(%)]   27.780<0.001
 早期213(68.7)181(76.7)32(43.2)
 中晚期97(31.3)55(23.3)42(56.8)  
), ArticleFig(id=1207064336640594300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组HBV-ACLF患者一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总计(n=310)无肝性脑病组(n=236)肝性脑病组(n=74)Z/χ2P
年龄[岁,M(Q1, Q3)]44(37, 53)43(36, 52)48(37, 54)1.8010.073
性别[例(%)]   0.3120.579
 264 (85.2)199 (84.3)65 (87.8)
 46 (14.8)37 (15.7)9 (12.2)
总胆红素[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]362.65(302.70, 452.12)359.35(302.23, 434.18)377.85(305.53, 488.32)1.2310.218
INR[M(Q1, Q3)]2.12(1.74, 2.75)1.98(1.70, 2.55)2.71(2.20, 3.44)6.190<0.001
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]68.00(60.00, 75.00)68.00(60.75, 75.00)66.00(58.25, 79.00)0.5620.574
谷草转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]455.00(168.00, 1017.00)381.00(153.50, 872.00)830.00(257.75, 1518.25)3.960<0.001
谷丙转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]679.00(232.00, 1162.00)561.00(191.00, 1090.50)987.50(450.50, 1538.00)3.831<0.001
血钾[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]3.91(3.58, 4.25)3.89(3.57, 4.24)3.93(3.62, 4.29)0.5730.569
血钠[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]136.00(134.00, 138.00)137.00(134.00, 139.00)136.00(134.00, 138.00)0.7600.446
血浆氨[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]62.00(44.90, 87.50)57.00(41.80, 79.60)71.75(57.75, 109.50)4.331<0.001
白细胞计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]6.86(5.49, 8.65)6.62(5.33, 8.16)7.93(6.43, 9.74)3.732<0.001
血红蛋白[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]129.00(117.00, 144.75)126.00(115.00, 143.00)136.50(126.25, 151.50)3.641<0.001
血小板计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]110.00(81.00, 147.00)110.00(80.75, 147.00)110.00(84.25, 145.50)0.5010.616
甲胎蛋白[ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]82.20(28.82, 193.99)88.25(31.32, 216.88)56.33(23.61, 139.03)2.1300.033
MELD评分[M(Q1, Q3)]24.34(21.45, 27.33)23.60(21.07, 26.70)26.97(24.52, 30.14)5.732<0.001
肝硬化[例(%)]131(42.3)98(41.5)33(44.6)0.1110.740
2型糖尿病[例(%)]39(12.6)27(11.4)12(16.2)0.7700.379
高血压[例(%)]30(9.7)20(8.5)10(13.5)0.1120.292
病情分期[例(%)]   27.780<0.001
 早期213(68.7)181(76.7)32(43.2)
 中晚期97(31.3)55(23.3)42(56.8)  
), ArticleFig(id=1207064336720286078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy in HBV-ACLF patients after admission

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标单因素logistic回归分析多因素logistic回归分析
未校正OR(95%CI)P校正OR(95%CI)P
年龄1.02(1.00~1.05)0.1341.06(1.02~1.10)0.003
INR3.02(2.07~4.57)<0.0012.56(1.61~4.30)<0.001
血浆氨1.02(1.01~1.03)<0.0011.02(1.01~1.03)0.005
谷草转氨酶1.00(1.00~1.00)<0.0011.00(1.00~1.00)0.094
谷丙转氨酶1.00(1.00~1.00)<0.0011.00(1.00~1.00)0.835
白细胞计数1.22(1.10~1.37)<0.0011.24(1.07~1.43)0.003
血红蛋白1.03(1.01~1.04)<0.0011.03(1.00~1.05)0.026
甲胎蛋白1.00(1.00~1.00)0.0961.00(1.00~1.00)0.458
病情分期(中晚期)2.44(1.30~4.83)0.0071.97(0.89~4.56)0.100
), ArticleFig(id=1207064336799977855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995862044098907, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发显性肝性脑病的单因素及多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标单因素logistic回归分析多因素logistic回归分析
未校正OR(95%CI)P校正OR(95%CI)P
年龄1.02(1.00~1.05)0.1341.06(1.02~1.10)0.003
INR3.02(2.07~4.57)<0.0012.56(1.61~4.30)<0.001
血浆氨1.02(1.01~1.03)<0.0011.02(1.01~1.03)0.005
谷草转氨酶1.00(1.00~1.00)<0.0011.00(1.00~1.00)0.094
谷丙转氨酶1.00(1.00~1.00)<0.0011.00(1.00~1.00)0.835
白细胞计数1.22(1.10~1.37)<0.0011.24(1.07~1.43)0.003
血红蛋白1.03(1.01~1.04)<0.0011.03(1.00~1.05)0.026
甲胎蛋白1.00(1.00~1.00)0.0961.00(1.00~1.00)0.458
病情分期(中晚期)2.44(1.30~4.83)0.0071.97(0.89~4.56)0.100
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病风险预测模型的构建
收藏切换
PDF下载
林建辉 1 , 陈丽霞 1 , 蓝丽琴 1 , 谢文国 1 , 翁钘钘 1 , 许镇额 1 , 陈敏 1 , 俞晓玲 2 , 刘海钰 3
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022,47(12): 1232-1240
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2022, 47(12): 1232-1240
乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病风险预测模型的构建
全屏
林建辉1, 陈丽霞1, 蓝丽琴1, 谢文国1, 翁钘钘1, 许镇额1, 陈敏1, 俞晓玲2, 刘海钰3
作者信息
  • 1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001
  • 2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院药学部,福建福州 350001
  • 3福建医科大学协和临床医学院,福建福州 350001
  • 林建辉,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事肝衰竭等终末期肝脏疾病的临床及基础研究

Construction of a predictive model for the risk of new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy after admission in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Jian-Hui Lin1, Li-Xia Chen1, Li-Qin Lan1, Wen-Guo Xie1, Xing-Xing Weng1, Zhen-E Xu1, Min Chen1, Xiao-Ling Yu2, Hai-Yu Liu3
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
  • 2Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
  • 3Union Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
出版时间: 2022-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232
文章导航
收藏切换

目的 探索乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病(OHE)的影响因素,并构建个体化风险预测模型。方法 选取福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院2016年12月-2020年12月收治的310例HBV-ACLF患者,按入院后是否发生OHE分为无肝性脑病组(n=236)、肝性脑病组(n=74)。比较两组患者的一般资料、实验室检查指标及终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分等,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发OHE的影响因素;采用独立影响因素构建Nomogram模型,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及校准曲线评价模型的区分度及校准度,决策曲线分析法(DCA)评估模型的临床有效性。结果 与无肝性脑病组比较,肝性脑病组的国际标准化比值[2.71(2.20,3.44) vs. 1.98(1.70,2.55)]、谷丙转氨酶[987.50(450.50,1538.00) U/L vs.561.00(191.00,1090.50) U/L]、谷草转氨酶[830.00(257.75,1518.25) U/L vs. 381.00(153.50,872.00) U/L]、血浆氨[71.75(57.75,109.50) μmol/L vs. 57.00(41.80,79.60) μmol/L]、白细胞计数[7.93(6.43,9.74)×109/L vs. 6.62(5.33,8.16)×109/L]、血红蛋白[136.50(126.25,151.50) g/L vs.126.00(115.00,143.00) g/L]及中晚期患者占比(56.8% vs. 23.3%)均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),甲胎蛋白水平较低[56.33(23.61~139.03) ng/L vs. 88.25(31.32~216.88) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,国际标准化比值(OR=2.56,95%CI 1.61~4.30,P<0.001)、年龄(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.02~1.10,P=0.003)、血浆氨(OR=1.02,95%CI 1.01~1.03,P=0.005)、白细胞计数(OR=1.24,95%CI 1.07~1.43,P=0.003)、血红蛋白(OR=1.03,95%CI 1.00~1.05,P=0.026)是HBV-ACLF患者出现新发OHE的独立影响因素。本研究建立的Nomogram模型的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848(95%CI 0.798~0.897),MELD模型的AUC为0.723(95%CI 0.654~0.793)。Nomogram模型与理想模型的最大偏倚(Emax)=0.143,最小偏倚(Eavg)=0.041,模型有良好的区分度,S:p=0.676>0.05,通过校准度检验,模型预测值与实际值结果的一致性良好,决策曲线显示阈值在0.05~1.0范围内,列线图模型的净获益率均高于MELD模型。结论 年龄、国际标准化比值、白细胞计数、血浆氨及血红蛋白是HBV-ACLF患者住院期间新发OHE的影响因素,由这5个独立影响因素构建的Nomogram模型能较准确地预测该人群住院期间新发OHE的风险,具有良好的临床应用价值。

乙型肝炎  /  慢加急性肝衰竭  /  新发  /  显性肝性脑病  /  Nomogram模型

Objective To explore the factors influencing hospitalized new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in hospitalized patients with hepatitis B-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), and to construct an individualized risk prediction model. Methods A total of 310 HBV-ACLF patients admitted to Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from December 2016 to December 2020 were selected, and divided into non-hepatic encephalopathy group(n=236), hepatic encephalopathy group (n=74) according to whether OHE occurred after admission. The general data, laboratory test indicators, and model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were compared between the two groups; univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors influencing the hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients after admission. A nomogram model was constructed with the influencing factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve and the calibration curve was used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model, and decision curve analysis(DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical validity of the model. Results Compared with the non-hepatic encephalopathy group, the baseline international normalized ratio [2.71(2.20, 3.44) vs. 1.98(1.70, 2.55)], serum alanine aminotransferase [987.50(450.50,1538.00) U/L vs. 561.00(191.00, 1090.50) U/L], blood aspartate aminotransferase [830.00(257.75, 1518.25) U/L vs. 381.00(153.50, 872.00) U/L], plasma Ammonia [71.75(57.75, 109.50) μmol/L vs. 57.00(41.80, 79.60) μmol/L], white blood cell count [7.93(6.43, 9.74)×109/L vs. 6.62(5.33, 8.16)×109/L], hemoglobin [136.50 (126.25, 151.50) g/L vs. 126.00(115.00,143.00) g/L], and the proportion of patients in intermediate and advanced stages (56.8% vs. 23.3%) of the hepatic encephalopathy group were higher, the difference was statistically significant; the alpha-fetoprotein level was lower [56.33(23.61, 139.03) ng/L vs. 88.25(31.32, 216.88) ng/L, P=0.033], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline international normalized ratio (OR=2.56, 95%CI 1.61-4.30, P<0.001), age (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.02-1.10, P=0.003), plasma ammonia (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.03, P=0.005), blood white blood cell count (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.07-1.43, P=0.003), hemoglobin (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.05, P=0.026) were the independent influencing factors of hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram model established in this study was 0.848(95%CI 0.798-0.897), and the MELD model was 0.723(95%CI 0.654-0.793). The maximum bias (Emax)=0.143 and the minimum bias (Eavg=0.041 between the nomogram model and the ideal model, the model has a good degree of discrimination,S:p=0.676. Through the calibration test, the model predicted value is consistent with the actual value. The performance was good, the decision curve showed that the threshold was in the range of 0.05 to 1.0, and the net benefit rate of the nomogram model was higher than that of the MELD model. Conclusions Age, international normalized ratio, white blood cell count, plasma ammonia, and hemoglobin are the factors influencing hospitalized new-onset OHE in HBV-ACLF patients. Nomogram constructed from five independent influencing factors can more accurately predict the risk of hospitalized new-onset OHE in this population, thus having a good clinical application value.

hepatitis B  /  acute-on-chronic liver failure  /  new-onset  /  overt hepatic encephalopathy  /  nomogram model
林建辉, 陈丽霞, 蓝丽琴, 谢文国, 翁钘钘, 许镇额, 陈敏, 俞晓玲, 刘海钰. 乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者住院期间新发显性肝性脑病风险预测模型的构建. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (12) : 1232 -1240 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232
Jian-Hui Lin, Li-Xia Chen, Li-Qin Lan, Wen-Guo Xie, Xing-Xing Weng, Zhen-E Xu, Min Chen, Xiao-Ling Yu, Hai-Yu Liu. Construction of a predictive model for the risk of new-onset overt hepatic encephalopathy after admission in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (12) : 1232 -1240 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232
肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy,HE)是因严重肝功能受损或门静脉-体循环分流异常引起的[1],具有短暂性或可逆性的神经精神功能障碍,临床可表现为精神状态异常甚至进展至昏迷[2-3]。尽管大多数患者入院时无HE或可能存在隐匿性肝性脑病(minimal hepatic encephalopathy,MHE)[4],但仍有部分患者在入院后发生了不同程度的显性肝性脑病(overt hepatic encephalopathy,OHE)[5-6]。由HE导致的意识状态改变不仅严重影响患者的生活质量,而且预示着病情进展或住院死亡风险增加[7]。有研究发现,首次HE发作与未来1~3年的累积生存率下降相关[8-9]。如何针对HE进行预警并施加早期干预是近年研究的热点,良好的预警标志物或模型仍有待进一步探索及优化[10-11]
慢加急性肝衰竭(acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF)是指在慢性肝脏疾病(chronic liver disease,CLD)即慢性肝炎或肝硬化的基础上,短时间内出现急性肝功能失代偿,以进展性胆红素增高、凝血衰竭、4周内合并腹水和(或)HE为特征的一组临床综合征,剧烈的系统炎症反应、器官衰竭及不良预后是其特征[12],28 d病死率达41.9%,90 d病死率高达56.1%[13],是临床上需要加强监护治疗的急危重症之一[14-17]。乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)是目前亚太地区最常见的ACLF类型,占肝衰竭患者总数的70%~80%[18]。失代偿肝硬化并HE的主要诱因包括感染、消化道出血、高蛋白饮食、便秘及电解质紊乱等,Liere等[19]报道在肝硬化患者中HE发生率高达30%~40%,而临床上HBV-ACLF合并HE的比例甚至更高[20]。OHE也是ACLF的常见并发症之一[21-23]。肝衰竭并HE的临床特征包括合并感染、消化道出血、凝血衰竭及电解质紊乱等[24]。在HBV-ACLF人群中预警住院新发OHE的报道尚少,建立简便易行且评价准确的模型,并将其可视化来预测HBV-ACLF新发OHE的发生风险具有重要的临床意义。本研究分析HBV-ACLF人群住院新发OHE的独立影响因素并构建Nomogram模型,以期通过早期预警来指导临床管理及决策,前移救治关口,提高救治率,降低相关病死率。
回顾性连续收集2016年12月-2020年12月福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院收治的310例HBV-ACLF患者。中位年龄44(37,53)岁,其中男264例,女46例;合并自发性腹膜炎191例(61.6%),合并单纯腹水119例(38.4%)。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)符合HBV-ACLF诊断标准;(3)既往无HE病史;(4)入院时合并腹水或自发性腹膜炎。排除标准:(1)非HBV感染;(2)免疫性、血管性、药物性、酒精性、遗传代谢性、中毒性、寄生虫性等其他原因导致的ACLF;(3)重叠病毒性肝炎(甲、丙、丁、戊型)或巨细胞病毒、EB病毒等其他嗜肝病毒感染者;(4)影像学或病理学活检发现肝脏恶性肿瘤;(5)合并严重的全身性疾病或难以戒除的吸毒者;(6)妊娠或哺乳期妇女;(7)入院时合并肺部感染、消化道出血;(8)入院时合并脓毒症、各种原因引起的休克等;(9)合并获得性免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染、梅毒螺旋体感染;(10)伴有精神疾病、代谢性脑病、中毒性脑病及颅脑病变所引起的意识改变;(11)入院前4周内有腹腔手术史。本研究方案经福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院伦理委员会审核批准(批准号:202114501)。
(1)血乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性;(2)符合《肝衰竭诊治指南(2018版)》中ACLF的诊断标准[25],具有以下主要临床表现:①极度乏力,有明显的消化道症状;②黄疸迅速升高,血清总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)大于正常范围上限的10倍或每天上升≥10 mg/L;③出血倾向,凝血酶原活动度≤40%或国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)≥1.5。
OHE的诊断主要由我院2位副高职称以上医师基于病史及患者临床上可检查出的神经学症状共同做出,主要包括两个方面的表现:(1)异常的精神状态,主要通过West-Haven诊断分级标准定义[26];(2)异常的神经运动功能(包括反射亢进、肌张力增强、踝阵挛及扑翼样震颤);进一步按SONIC的分级标准将2、3、4级HE定义为OHE[3,27-28]
收集年龄、性别、糖尿病史、高血压病史、是否伴有肝硬化、入院时是否存在腹水或自发性腹膜炎等临床资料;空腹采集患者外周静脉血,应用全自动免疫分析仪(HISCL-5000,日本希森美康公司)采用化学发光法定量检测HBsAg,全自动血球仪(XN1000,日本希森美康公司)检测白细胞、血红蛋白及血小板水平,血液生化自动分析仪(AU5800,美国贝克曼柯尔特公司)检测血TBIL、肌酐(Cr)、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血钠、血钾及血浆氨水平,全自动凝血仪(法国Stago公司)检测INR,全自动免疫分析仪(LUMIPULSE G1200)检测甲胎蛋白水平。计算终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分。MELD评分=3.78×ln[TBIL(μmol/L)÷17.1]+11.2×ln(INR)+9.57×ln[Cr(μmol/L)÷88.4]+6.43[29]。所有患者入院后给予内科保肝、退黄、降酶、支持等综合治疗,统一至出院时结束观察。
通过彩超或CT进行肝脏、肺脏及颅脑影像学检查,所有影像报告诊断均经过2名影像学主治医师及1名副主任医师共同参与最终决策。
采用logistic回归分析HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发OHE的危险因素,将P<0.05的因素确定为独立影响因素构建Nomogram模型,用比值比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)呈现;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线来评估列线图的区分度,利用校准曲线评估列线图预测与实际结果间的距离,采用决策曲线分析法(DCA)量化一定范围阈值概率的净获益来确定预测模型的临床有效性,绘制Nomogram模型可视化评估HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发OHE的风险。
采用开源统计软件R3.6.0(http://www.r-project.org)进行统计分析。经正态性检验后,定量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
根据患者入院后是否出现OHE,将310例HBV-ACLF患者分为无肝性脑病组(n=236)、肝性脑病组(n=74)。与无肝性脑病组比较,肝性脑病组的INR、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、血浆氨、白细胞计数、血红蛋白及MELD评分较高,中晚期患者占比也较高,而甲胎蛋白水平相对较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组其他资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
单因素logistic回归分析显示,INR、血红蛋白、血浆氨、白细胞计数、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、疾病分期与新发OHE显著相关(P<0.05)。虽然年龄、甲胎蛋白没有进入该模型(P>0.05),但文献报道这2项指标与HBV-ACLF的严重并发症及预后相关[30-32],故在进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析时,也将这两项指标纳入,结果显示,国际标准化比值、血浆氨、白细胞计数、血红蛋白及年龄是HBV-ACLF患者出现新发OHE的独立影响因素(表2)。
根据上述多因素logistic回归分析结果,建立Nomogram模型=–12.717+0.060×年龄+1.056×INR+0.015×血浆氨+0.168×白细胞计数+0.02929×血红蛋白。
根据多因素logistic回归结果构建可视化Nomogram,每一项独立影响因素刻度线上的数值对应评分刻度线上的评分,所有指标评分相加为总评分,总评分对应新发OHE发生概率的预测值(图1)。
本研究建立的Nomogram模型的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848(95%CI 0.798~0.897),MELD模型的AUC为0.723(95%CI 0.654~0.793),Nomogram模型预测HBV-ACLF患者入院后新发OHE风险的灵敏度、特异度及AUC表现更优秀(图2)。
对Nomogram预测模型采用bootstrap自抽样法进行内部验证,自由重抽样1000次,其ROC值为0.849(95%CI 0.798~0.897),Nomogram模型与理想模型的最大偏倚(Emax)=0.143,最小偏倚(Eavg)=0.041,模型有良好的区分度,S:p=0.676>0.05,通过校准度检验,模型预测值与实际值的一致性良好,校准预测曲线与理想曲线的吻合度较好(图3),提示Nomogram模型具有较高的预测价值。
决策曲线显示,阈值在0.05~1.0范围内,Nomogram模型的净受益率均高于MELD模型(图4),Nomogram模型能通过影响临床决策为患者带来益处。
HE是慢性肝脏疾病的一个共同特征,在其病程中的某个阶段,有30%~40%的患者会发生不同程度的HE,HE的出现也标志着慢性肝病进入终末期并给患者带来严重的后果,而OHE的发生发展迅速,预后难以预测,往往需要进入重症监护病房治疗[33-34]。OHE患者的预后差,除非有肝移植的机会,否则1年生存率一般不超过40%[35-36]。HE的常见诱因包括上消化道出血、感染、高蛋白摄入、电解质紊乱、经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)等,其病理机制目前尚未完全阐明,许多因素被证实参与了其发生发展过程,如氨基酸浓度变化、神经毒素与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)通路异常、能量代谢功能障碍、氧化应激改变、线粒体通透性改变及神经传递等,但它们之间的因果关系尚待确定[19,37-38]。Bernuau等[39]的研究显示,早期预警能使发生HE的终末期肝病患者获益。众所周知,HE是ACLF患者最常见的严重并发症及主要死因,一旦发生意味着更差的预后及更高的病死率,因此HE的危险因素仍是目前研究的热点[9,22,40-42],但HE在HBV-ACLF人群中的相关研究鲜有报道[43]
目前普遍认为,肝衰竭人群中HE的发生可能与血氨增加相关[44-45]。Zhang等[46]研究发现,血氨水平是HBV-ACLF患者病死率的独立影响因素,高氨血症的复常可能是一个潜在的治疗靶点,临床上也常以血氨作为评估HE发生或预后不良的重要指标。星形胶质细胞是大脑中唯一可以通过谷氨酰胺的形成来代谢氨的细胞,细胞内谷氨酰胺浓度与血液中氨的水平呈正相关,细胞通过渗透作用膨胀,导致了脑水肿的进展,脑水肿不但与肝功能受损程度密切相关,而且在一定程度上是可逆的,这也为临床预警及干预提供了理论基础[47-49]。然而,HE的发生往往是多因素且复杂的,血氨对终末期肝病的诊断价值还存在争议。Vilstrup等[50]认为,单纯血氨升高在终末期肝病患者HE的诊断、分期及预后中并没有显示出显著价值,临床上也经常发现血氨浓度与结局的相关性较弱,因此仅仅依赖血氨浓度做出临床决策可能过于片面。也有学者提出血氨水平可能与临床预后不相关,且不能提供额外的重要信息[51-53],因此,仅依靠血氨一项指标预测HE的发生似乎远远不够,HE的临床管理仍然面临严峻的挑战。在诊治策略上,有必要关注更多重要危险因素的管理,并建立高效能的预警模型。
有研究报道,OHE在肝硬化人群中的发生率为30%~45%,但失代偿肝硬化及ACLF导致的HE预后存在差异,因此在临床管理策略上也需要个体化对待[35,54-55]。本研究多因素logistic回归分析显示,与入院后未发生OHE组比较,在调整了其他影响因素后,患者的年龄、INR、血浆氨、白细胞计数、血红蛋白每升高1个单位,发生OHE的风险分别增加6%、156%、2%、24%、3%,其中凝血功能障碍及感染是2个相对重要的关联因素,与既往研究结果基本一致[56-58]。具体机制可能是肝衰竭患者短时间内肝组织炎症异常活跃,继而发生大面积坏死,合成与解毒等功能障碍,伴随机体免疫力下降,继发呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统等多系统的感染,产生毒素及炎性因子,炎症状态(包括感染、消化道出血、肥胖、菌群易位等)下通过高血氨或某些神经毒素相互作用而诱发HE,促炎因子与氨协同进一步导致脑水肿的发生及病情进展[21,59-60]
在HBV-ACLF病情进展过程中,各种影响因素发挥着错综复杂的作用。肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨基酶4(peptidyl arginine deiminase 4,PAD4)介导染色质的去致密化和释放,在NETs的释放过程中起核心作用。作为应用最为广泛的PAD抑制剂之一,CA生物利用度高,可有效抑制体内PAD4活性,从而抑制NETs的释放[28]。因此MELD评分在终末期肝病中的评估及应用得到业内一致认同并沿用至今[61-63]。本研究通过多因素logistic回归筛选确定了INR、血浆氨、白细胞计数、血红蛋白及年龄这5个临床常见指标构建Nomogram模型,其ROC曲线下面积为0.849(95%CI 0.798~0.897),截断值为0.334,特异度为0.859,敏感度为0.701,模型区分度较好且有较为准确的辨别能力,效能优于MELD评分模型。Nomogram模型与理想模型的最大偏倚(Emax)=0.143,最小偏倚(Eavg)=0.041,模型有良好的区分度,校准度检验显示模型预测值与实际值结果的一致性良好;临床有效性评价决策曲线结果表明,当阈值设置在0.05~1.0范围内时,Nomogram模型曲线始终位于未获益线、完全获益线及MELD评分模型曲线的上方,Nomogram模型在该范围内的净受益率均高于MELD模型,表明Nomogram模型具有较好的临床实用性。
当然,本研究也存在一些局限性。首先,本研究是回顾性研究,不能完全排除偏倚及未测量混杂因素的影响;其次,本研究在HBV-ACLF人群中开展,结论可能无法外推至其他病因人群;再者,血氨测量要求在20 min内不使用止血带获得静脉血样本并立即进行实验室分析,这在临床常规操作中难以完全控制,也可能带来一定的偏倚[52];最后,本项目为单中心研究,结论可能并不适用于国内外其他中心,因此还需要进一步的前瞻性设计来验证研究结果。
综上所述,HBV-ACLF患者病情凶险复杂且进展迅速,住院期间可能出现各种严重并发症,HE的隐匿性及快速进展性是ACLF管理的重点,也是近年临床关注的焦点,早期临床预警策略的缺乏可能导致神经异常持续存在并发展,增加了救治难度,因此要求临床能更快、更便捷地识别相关影响因素并进行早期筛查[64]。本研究结果显示,年龄、白细胞计数、国际标准化比值、血浆氨、血红蛋白可能是HBV-ACLF住院患者新发OHE的独立影响因素,建立的风险预测列线图具有简单、直观、便于操作等优点,且区分度、校准曲线验证及决策曲线分析显示其对新发OHE具有良好的辨识度、预测准确性及临床实用性,有助于临床医师把握病情,在临床实践中管理潜在的OHE风险患者,通过早期预警及干预最大限度地减轻患者的精神与经济负担,对HBV-ACLF的临床个体化救治具有重要的临床意义。
  • 福建省自然科学基金(面上)项目(2021J011293)
  • 北京肝胆相照公益基金会人工肝专项基金(RGGJJ-2021-006)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Li T, Li JF, Mao XR. Progress in risk factors and treatment of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis[J]. Chin J Pract Intern Med, 2021, 41(2): 159-162.
[李婷, 李俊峰, 毛小荣. 肝硬化门静脉血栓发生的危险因素及治疗进展[J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2021, 41(2): 159-162.]
[2]
Dellatore P, Cheung M, Mahpour NY, et al. Clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 189-196.
[3]
Dharel N, Bajaj JS. Definition and nomenclature of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2015, 5(suppl 1):S37-S41.
[4]
Tan JT, Xu XM, He YX, et al. Construction of prediction model of cirrhosis-related hepatic encephalopathy based on machine learning algorithm[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(4): 354-360.
[谈军涛, 许晓梅, 何雨芯, 等. 基于机器学习算法的肝硬化相关肝性脑病预测模型的构建[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(4): 354-360.]
[5]
Elsaid MI, Rustgi VK. Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 157-174.
[6]
Stengel S, Stallmach A, Richter K, et al. Serum metabolic signatures in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 67(5): 1114-1115.
[7]
Acharya C, Bajaj JS. Current management of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2018, 113(11): 1600-1612.
[8]
Krishnarao A, Gordon FD. Prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 219-229.
[9]
García-Martínez R, Simón-Talero M, Córdoba J. Prognostic assessment in patients with hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Dis Markers, 2011, 31(3): 171-179.
[10]
Yanny B, Winters A, Boutros S, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy challenges, burden, and diagnostic and therapeutic approach[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2019, 23(4): 607-623.
[11]
Liao W, Tang Y, Wang CY, et al. Sleep and cognition and risk factors in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with occult hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin J Med Offic, 2020, 48(4): 420-421.
[廖威, 唐艳, 王春燕, 等. 乙肝肝硬化合并隐匿性肝性脑病患者睡眠和认知情况及危险因素研究[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2020, 48(4): 420-421.]
[12]
Kang N, Wang CK, Qi LC, et al. Clinical significance of PTAR and ICGR15 joint score in predicting the occurrence of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis[J]. Chin J Pract Intern Med, 2020, 40(7): 558-562.
[康宁, 王存凯, 齐丽翠, 等. PTAR联合ICGR15对乙肝肝硬化患者发生慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值研究[J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2020, 40(7): 558-562.]
[13]
Arroyo V, Moreau R, Jalan R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(22): 2137-2145.
[14]
Siddiqui MS, Stravitz RT. Intensive care unit management of patients with liver failure[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18(4): 957-978.
[15]
Blasco-Algora S, Masegosa-Ataz J, Gutiérrez-García ML, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and management[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(42):12125-12140.
[16]
Olson JC. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: management and prognosis[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2019, 25(2): 165-170.
[17]
Kerbert AJ, Engelmann C, Jalan R. Neurocritical care management of hepatic encephalopathy and Coma in liver failure[J]. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 39(5): 523-537.
[18]
Li Q, Wang J, Lu MJ, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure from chronic-hepatitis-B, who is the behind scenes[J]. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11: 583423.
[19]
Liere V, Sandhu G, DeMorrow S. Recent advances in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. F1000Res, 2017, 6: 1637.
[20]
Zhang J, Gao S, Duan ZP, et al. Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Front Med, 2016, 10(1): 1-17.
[21]
Lee GH. Hepatic encephalopathy in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatol Int, 2015, 9(4): 520-526.
[22]
Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL): an update[J]. Hepatol Int, 2019, 13(4): 353-390.
[23]
Rahimi RS, Rockey DC. Acute on chronic liver failure:definitions, treatments and outcomes[J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2016, 32(3): 172-181.
[24]
Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simón-Talero M, et al. Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 60(2): 275-281.
[25]
Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2019, 27(1): 18-26.
[中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组. 肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2019, 27(1): 18-26.]
[26]
Rudler M, Weiss N, Bouzbib C, et al. Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2021, 25(2): 393-417.
[27]
Zhang J, Zhou XM. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2014, 22(2): 86-88.
[张静, 周新民. 肝性脑病的诊断与鉴别诊断[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2014, 22(2): 86-88.]
[28]
Khungar V, Poordad F. Hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2012, 16(2): 301-320.
[29]
Kamath P. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease[J]. Hepatology, 2001, 33(2): 464-470.
[30]
Xie ZY, Violetta L, Chen EM, et al. A prognostic model for hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure patients treated using a plasma exchange-centered liver support system[J]. J Clin Apher, 2020, 35(2): 94-103.
[31]
Kakisaka K, Kataoka K, Onodera M, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein: a biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure[J]. Hepatol Res, 2015, 45(10): E12-E20.
[32]
Yu ZJ, Zhang Y, Cao YY, et al. A dynamic prediction model for prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure based on the trend of clinical indicators[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 1810.
[33]
Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, et al. The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(1): 200-208.
[34]
Kerbert AJC, Jalan R. Recent advances in understanding and managing hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease[J]. F1000Res, 2020, 9: F1000 Faculty Rev-312.
[35]
Romero-Gómez M, Montagnese S, Jalan R. Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2015, 62(2): 437-447.
[36]
Elwir S, Rahimi RS. Hepatic encephalopathy: an update on the pathophysiology and therapeutic options[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2017, 5(2): 142-151.
[37]
Jaffe A, Lim JK, Jakab SS. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2020, 24(2): 175-188.
[38]
Häussinger D, Butz M, Schnitzler A, et al. Pathomechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Biol Chem, 2021, 402(9): 1087-1102.
[39]
Bernuau J, Durand F. Early prediction of encephalopathy in hospitalized patients with severe acute liver disease: the narrow window of opportunity for transplant-free survival[J]. J Hepatol, 2009, 51(6): 977-980.
[40]
Gong ZW, Deng CL. Prognostic factors of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure and establishment of a new prognosis model[J]. Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch, 2020, 41(3): 269-272, 278.
[龚志伟, 邓存良. 探讨建立乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后影响因素分析的新模型[J]. 解放军医学院学报, 2020, 41(3): 269-272, 278.]
[41]
Long LY, Li H, Deng GH, et al. Impact of hepatic encephalopathy on clinical characteristics and adverse outcomes in prospective and multicenter cohorts of patients with acute-on-chronic liver diseases[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 709884.
[42]
Verma N, Dhiman RK, Choudhury A, et al. Dynamic assessments of hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia levels predict mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatol Int, 2021, 15(4):970-982.
[43]
Miwa T, Hanai T, Nishimura K, et al. Handgrip strength stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2022, 46(4):858-866.
[44]
Hu CX, Huang KZ, Zhao LF, et al. Serum ammonia is a strong prognostic factor for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 16970.
[45]
Shalimar, Rout G, Kumar R, et al. Persistent or incident hyperammonemia is associated with poor outcomes in acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. JGH Open, 2020, 4(5): 843-850.
[46]
Zhang JF, Liu XL, Ye B, et al. Ammonia predicts poor outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2020, 34(12): e23553.
[47]
Hadjihambi A, Arias N, Sheikh M, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy:a critical current review[J]. Hepatol Int, 2018, 12(Suppl 1): 135-147.
[48]
García-Martínez R, Córdoba J. Acute-on-chronic liver failure:the brain[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2011, 17(2): 177-183.
[49]
Jayakumar AR, Norenberg MD. Hyperammonemia in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2018, 8(3): 272-280.
[50]
Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the European association for the study of the liver[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60(2): 715-735.
[51]
Mallet M, Weiss N, Thabut D, et al. Why and when to measure ammonemia in cirrhosis?[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2018, 42(6): 505-511.
[52]
Bajaj JS, Lauridsen M, Tapper EB, et al. Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an ISHEN consensus[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2020, 115(7): 989-1002.
[53]
Verdelho MM. Liquid diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy: are we there already?[J]. GE Port J Gastroenterol, 2020, 27(6): 378-382.
[54]
Tapper EB. Predicting overt hepatic encephalopathy for the population with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 70(1): 403-409.
[55]
Dong JL, Chen Y. Judgment and clinical classification of the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure: contention and discussion[J]. Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(2): 101-103.
[董金玲, 陈煜.慢加急性肝衰竭疾病严重程度判断及临床分型:争鸣与探讨[J]. 肝脏, 2021, 26(2): 101-103.]
[56]
Moreau R, Gao B, Papp M, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure:a distinct clinical syndrome[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 75(Suppl 1):S27-S35.
[57]
Engelmann C, Mehta G, Tacke F. Regeneration in acute-on-chronic liver failure - the phantom lost its camouflage[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 72(4): 610-612.
[58]
Fernández J, Acevedo J, Wiest R, et al. Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(10):1870-1880.
[59]
Sawhney R, Holland-Fischer P, Rosselli M, et al. Role of ammonia, inflammation, and cerebral oxygenation in brain dysfunction of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients[J]. Liver Transpl, 2016, 22(6): 732-742.
[60]
Manzhalii E, Virchenko O, Falalyeyeva T, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy aggravated by systemic inflammation[J]. Dig Dis, 2019, 37(6): 509-517.
[61]
Sussman NL. Treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2015, 19(3): 551-563.
[62]
Ha JM, Sohn W, Cho JY, et al. Static and dynamic prognostic factors for hepatitis-B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2015, 21(3): 232-241.
[63]
Zhou C, Gong M, Zhang N, et al. Nomogram prediction of individual prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-asso-ciated acute on chronic liver[J]. Chin J Integ Trad Western Med Liver Dis, 2021, 31(2): 102-107.
[周超, 宫嫚, 张宁, 等. 列线图预测乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭死亡风险的临床研究[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2021, 31(2): 102-107.]
[64]
Xu XY, Ding HG, Li WG, et al. Chinese guidelines on management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2019, 25(36): 5403-5422.
2022年第47卷第12期
PDF下载
134
49
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232
  • 接收时间:2022-02-22
  • 首发时间:2025-12-14
  • 出版时间:2022-12-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-22
  • 录用日期:2022-07-05
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (General) Project(2021J011293)
福建省自然科学基金(面上)项目(2021J011293)
Artificial Liver Special Fund of Beijing Hepatobiliary Public Welfare Foundation(RGGJJ-2021-006)
北京肝胆相照公益基金会人工肝专项基金(RGGJJ-2021-006)
作者信息
    1福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院重症医学科,福建福州 350001
    2福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院药学部,福建福州 350001
    3福建医科大学协和临床医学院,福建福州 350001
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1232
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏