Article(id=1206995860232163677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1637856000000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1644595200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-12, onlineDate=1765699837978, onlineDateStr=2025-12-14, pubDate=1672156800000, pubDateStr=2022-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765699837978, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765699837978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765699837978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206995859061952854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1169', pageEnd='1270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765699837699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765700204449, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206997397385859947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206997397385859948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995859061952854, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1201, endPage=1208, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206995861670809958, articleId=1206995860232163677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of silybin on improving pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice by mediating BMP9/SMAD signaling pathways, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of silybin on improving pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice. Methods A total of 120 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, lung injury model group, dexamethasone group, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose silybin groups (20 mice each). The models of pulmonary injury mice were induced by bleomycin. Mice in dexamethasone group, low-, medium- and high-dose silybin groups were given intragastric administration of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) and silybin (120, 240, 480 mg/kg), while sham operation group and lung injury model group were given the same volume of normal saline for 28 d. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary tissues of each group were collected. The count of inflammatory cells in BALF was examined by microscopy. The pathological damage of pulmonary tissues was observed by HE staining. The pulmonary wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) was detected by wet-dry weighting method. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in pulmonary tissues, and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in BALF were detected by ELISA. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)/bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2(BMPR2)/SMAD signaling pathways-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with sham operation group, count of BALF inflammatory cells, scores of pulmonary injury and fibrosis, W/D, HYP, and MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BALF increased significantly, while SOD, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC levels in BALF, as well as the relative expression levels of BMP9, BMPR2 and p-SMAD1/5/9 in lung tissues decreased significantly in lung injury model group (P<0.05). Compared with lung injury model group, count of BALF inflammatory cells, scores of pulmonary injury and fibrosis, W/D, HYP, and MDA, TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BALF decreased significantly, while SOD, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC level in BALF, and BMP9, BMPR2 and p-SMAD1/5/9 expression levels in lung tissues increased significantly in high-dose silybin group and dexamethasone group(P<0.05). Conclusion The silybin may improve bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in lung injury mice by mediating BMP9/SMAD signaling pathways, and thereby repairing pulmonary injury.

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目的 探讨水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺纤维化和氧化应激的缓解作用及其可能机制。方法 120只小鼠随机分为假手术组、肺损伤模型组、地塞米松组,以及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。采用博来霉素诱导小鼠肺损伤模型,地塞米松组及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予地塞米松(3 mg/kg)和水飞蓟宾(120、240、480 mg/kg),假手术组和肺损伤模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水,连续28 d。收集各组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织,镜检计数BALF中炎性细胞数,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,干湿重法测定肺湿/干重比(W/D),ELISA法检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量以及BALF中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β水平,Western blotting检测肺组织中骨形态发生蛋白9/骨成型蛋白受体2(BMP9/BMPR2)/SMAD信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果 与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF炎性细胞数、肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D、HYP含量,以及BALF中MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显升高,BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,以及肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF炎性细胞数、肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D、HYP含量,以及BALF中MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低,BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,以及肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 水飞蓟宾可能通过介导BMP9/SMAD信号通路,缓解博来霉素诱导的肺损伤小鼠肺纤维化和氧化应激,从而实现肺损伤修复。

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任维鑫,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染相关研究

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任维鑫,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染相关研究

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任维鑫,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染相关研究

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J Environ Occup Med, 2021, 38(9): 1022-1028., articleTitle=Effect of neodymium oxide exposure on inflammatory factors and transforming growth factor-β/Smads pathway in mouse lung itssues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064335365522205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=1022, pageEnd=1028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=40, authorNames=吕佳玲, 王素华, 高艳荣, journalName=环境与职业医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[吕佳玲, 王素华, 高艳荣, 等. 氧化钕暴露对小鼠肺组织炎症因子及转化生长因子-β/Smads通路的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(9):1022-1028.], articleTitle=氧化钕暴露对小鼠肺组织炎症因子及转化生长因子-β/Smads通路的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207064331410293358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, awardId=WSCG2018-007, language=EN, fundingSource=Municipal Science and Technology Project in Shandong(WSCG2018-007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207064331485790831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, awardId=WSCG2018-007, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省市级科技项目(WSCG2018-007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064327157268823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064327165657431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, companyId=1207064327157268823, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Infection, the Affilicated People's Hospital of Shandong First Medical University/Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 271100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064327169851736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, companyId=1207064327157268823, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院感染科,山东济南 271100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207064327236960605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064327241154910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, companyId=1207064327236960605, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Respiratory, the Affilicated People's Hospital of Shandong First Medical University/Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 271100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064327270515039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, companyId=1207064327236960605, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院呼吸内科,山东济南 271100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207064330156196393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Pathological changes of lung tissues of mice in each group (HE ×200), figureFileSmall=t/6HAsw/N9YdMHwAuG8czA==, figureFileBig=+31UMEeNs6k+AN7eByQcEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064330290414132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组小鼠肺组织病理变化(HE ×200)

A. 假手术组;B. 肺损伤模型组;C. 水飞蓟宾低剂量组;D. 水飞蓟宾中剂量组;E. 水飞蓟宾高剂量组;F. 地塞米松组

, figureFileSmall=t/6HAsw/N9YdMHwAuG8czA==, figureFileBig=+31UMEeNs6k+AN7eByQcEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064330386883130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of expression levels of BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD signaling pathways-related proteins in lung tissues of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=gZvzYMytmZ8Pi7Rwa/R5gQ==, figureFileBig=ZLq6GZKKYmYavktZwVaQyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064330491740735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠肺组织中BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD信号通路相关蛋白表达水平比较

BMP9. 骨形态生成蛋白9;BMPR2. 骨形态生成蛋白受体2;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与肺损伤模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与水飞蓟宾低剂量组比较,(3)P<0.05;与水飞蓟宾中剂量组比较,(4)P<0.05;与水飞蓟宾高剂量组比较,(5)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=gZvzYMytmZ8Pi7Rwa/R5gQ==, figureFileBig=ZLq6GZKKYmYavktZwVaQyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064330584015429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of inflammatory cells counts in BALF of mice in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别白细胞(×109/L)巨噬细胞(×104/ml)中性粒细胞(×105/ml)淋巴细胞(×105/ml)
假手术组2.36±0.6911.25±0.980.39±0.200.48±0.05
肺损伤模型组4.65±0.79(1)22.19±2.63(1)1.79±0.31(1)2.61±0.31(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组4.07±0.80(1)(2)20.72±1.59(1)1.32±0.52(1)(2)1.87±0.29(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组3.35±0.85(1)(2)(3)16.40±0.66(1)(2)(3)1.03±0.59(1)(2)1.49±0.29(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组2.59±0.68(2)(3)(4)14.69±0.93(1)(2)(3)(4)0.54±0.44(2)(3)(4)1.04±0.10(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组2.72±0.61(2)(3)(4)15.08±0.84(1)(2)(3)(4)0.87±0.69(1)(2)(3)0.99±0.04(1)(2)(3)(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064330693067339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠BALF中炎性细胞数比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别白细胞(×109/L)巨噬细胞(×104/ml)中性粒细胞(×105/ml)淋巴细胞(×105/ml)
假手术组2.36±0.6911.25±0.980.39±0.200.48±0.05
肺损伤模型组4.65±0.79(1)22.19±2.63(1)1.79±0.31(1)2.61±0.31(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组4.07±0.80(1)(2)20.72±1.59(1)1.32±0.52(1)(2)1.87±0.29(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组3.35±0.85(1)(2)(3)16.40±0.66(1)(2)(3)1.03±0.59(1)(2)1.49±0.29(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组2.59±0.68(2)(3)(4)14.69±0.93(1)(2)(3)(4)0.54±0.44(2)(3)(4)1.04±0.10(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组2.72±0.61(2)(3)(4)15.08±0.84(1)(2)(3)(4)0.87±0.69(1)(2)(3)0.99±0.04(1)(2)(3)(4)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064330776953423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of pulmonary injury of mice in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肺损伤评分(分)肺纤维化评分(分)肺W/D比值HYP(μg/mg)
假手术组0.84±0.161.03±0.564.34±0.590.66±0.08
肺损伤模型组7.13±1.08(1)6.79±0.63(1)6.60±0.62(1)1.17±0.16(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组6.09±1.20(1)(2)5.53±0.83(1)6.30±0.61(1)0.96±0.17(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组5.02±1.03(1)(2)(3)4.53±0.50(1)(2)(3)5.62±0.54(1)(2)(3)0.88±0.11(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组3.61±0.81(1)(2)(3)(4)3.62±0.60(1)(2)(3)(4)4.96±0.50(1)(2)(3)(4)0.71±0.11(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组4.98±0.60(1)(2)(3)(5)3.91±0.56(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)5.24±0.51(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)0.82±0.07(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064330852450900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组小鼠肺损伤情况比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肺损伤评分(分)肺纤维化评分(分)肺W/D比值HYP(μg/mg)
假手术组0.84±0.161.03±0.564.34±0.590.66±0.08
肺损伤模型组7.13±1.08(1)6.79±0.63(1)6.60±0.62(1)1.17±0.16(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组6.09±1.20(1)(2)5.53±0.83(1)6.30±0.61(1)0.96±0.17(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组5.02±1.03(1)(2)(3)4.53±0.50(1)(2)(3)5.62±0.54(1)(2)(3)0.88±0.11(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组3.61±0.81(1)(2)(3)(4)3.62±0.60(1)(2)(3)(4)4.96±0.50(1)(2)(3)(4)0.71±0.11(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组4.98±0.60(1)(2)(3)(5)3.91±0.56(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)5.24±0.51(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)0.82±0.07(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064330927948373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of oxidative stress-related indexes in BALF of mice in each group (U/mg, $\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SODGSH-PxT-AOCMDA
假手术组261.62±24.48350.27±35.5810.47±1.466.29±0.75
肺损伤模型组169.38±12.41(1)166.53±22.49(1)5.13±0.72(1)38.34±3.46(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组178.54±13.92(1)(2)184.56±24.49(1)(2)5.32±0.95(1)35.28±3.42(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组210.18±19.19(1)(2)(3)230.61±22.70(1)(2)(3)7.47±0.98(1)(2)(3)21.18±1.22(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组239.22±21.06(1)(2)(3)(4)253.99±26.83(1)(2)(3)(4)8.48±1.16(1)(2)(3)(4)12.62±1.08(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组256.79±22.25(2)(3)(4)224.83±31.46(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)7.49±1.29(1)(2)(3)(5)27.37±1.94(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064331011834459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组小鼠BALF中氧化应激指标比较(U/mg, $\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SODGSH-PxT-AOCMDA
假手术组261.62±24.48350.27±35.5810.47±1.466.29±0.75
肺损伤模型组169.38±12.41(1)166.53±22.49(1)5.13±0.72(1)38.34±3.46(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组178.54±13.92(1)(2)184.56±24.49(1)(2)5.32±0.95(1)35.28±3.42(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组210.18±19.19(1)(2)(3)230.61±22.70(1)(2)(3)7.47±0.98(1)(2)(3)21.18±1.22(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组239.22±21.06(1)(2)(3)(4)253.99±26.83(1)(2)(3)(4)8.48±1.16(1)(2)(3)(4)12.62±1.08(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组256.79±22.25(2)(3)(4)224.83±31.46(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)7.49±1.29(1)(2)(3)(5)27.37±1.94(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064331095720543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of the levels of inflammatory factors in BALF of mice in each group (pg/ml, $\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TNF-αIL-1βIL-6
假手术组28.45±3.9816.24±1.2853.94±5.48
肺损伤模型组98.93±11.31(1)30.09±4.48(1)142.33±17.16(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组81.14±9.84(1)(2)28.57±2.66(1)120.04±14.18(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组67.01±7.95(1)(2)(3)20.94±1.40(1)(2)(3)103.20±10.95(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组51.15±6.29(1)(2)(3)(4)17.97±2.29(2)(3)(4)71.18±8.11(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组57.11±6.39(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)20.25±1.95(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)79.86±10.26(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
), ArticleFig(id=1207064331200578146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995860232163677, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组小鼠BALF中炎性因子水平比较(pg/ml, $\bar{x}±s$, n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TNF-αIL-1βIL-6
假手术组28.45±3.9816.24±1.2853.94±5.48
肺损伤模型组98.93±11.31(1)30.09±4.48(1)142.33±17.16(1)
水飞蓟宾低剂量组81.14±9.84(1)(2)28.57±2.66(1)120.04±14.18(1)(2)
水飞蓟宾中剂量组67.01±7.95(1)(2)(3)20.94±1.40(1)(2)(3)103.20±10.95(1)(2)(3)
水飞蓟宾高剂量组51.15±6.29(1)(2)(3)(4)17.97±2.29(2)(3)(4)71.18±8.11(1)(2)(3)(4)
地塞米松组57.11±6.39(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)20.25±1.95(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)79.86±10.26(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
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水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺纤维化及氧化应激的作用及其机制
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任维鑫 1 , 王俊华 2 , 柳梅 1 , 韩成美 1 , 丁雷 1
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(12): 1201-1208
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(12): 1201-1208
水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺纤维化及氧化应激的作用及其机制
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任维鑫1, 王俊华2, 柳梅1, 韩成美1, 丁雷1
作者信息
  • 1山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院感染科,山东济南 271100
  • 2山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院呼吸内科,山东济南 271100
  • 任维鑫,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染相关研究

Effect and mechanism of silybin on improving pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice by mediating BMP9/SMAD signaling pathways
Wei-Xin Ren1, Jun-Hua Wang2, Mei Liu1, Cheng-Mei Han1, Lei Ding1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Infection, the Affilicated People's Hospital of Shandong First Medical University/Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 271100, China
  • 2Department of Respiratory, the Affilicated People's Hospital of Shandong First Medical University/Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 271100, China
出版时间: 2022-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1201
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目的 探讨水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺纤维化和氧化应激的缓解作用及其可能机制。方法 120只小鼠随机分为假手术组、肺损伤模型组、地塞米松组,以及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。采用博来霉素诱导小鼠肺损伤模型,地塞米松组及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予地塞米松(3 mg/kg)和水飞蓟宾(120、240、480 mg/kg),假手术组和肺损伤模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水,连续28 d。收集各组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织,镜检计数BALF中炎性细胞数,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,干湿重法测定肺湿/干重比(W/D),ELISA法检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量以及BALF中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β水平,Western blotting检测肺组织中骨形态发生蛋白9/骨成型蛋白受体2(BMP9/BMPR2)/SMAD信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果 与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF炎性细胞数、肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D、HYP含量,以及BALF中MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显升高,BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,以及肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF炎性细胞数、肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D、HYP含量,以及BALF中MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低,BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,以及肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 水飞蓟宾可能通过介导BMP9/SMAD信号通路,缓解博来霉素诱导的肺损伤小鼠肺纤维化和氧化应激,从而实现肺损伤修复。

水飞蓟宾  /  博来霉素  /  谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶  /  超氧化物歧化酶  /  丙二醛  /  总抗氧化能力  /  肿瘤坏死因子-α  /  白细胞介素

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of silybin on improving pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice. Methods A total of 120 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, lung injury model group, dexamethasone group, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose silybin groups (20 mice each). The models of pulmonary injury mice were induced by bleomycin. Mice in dexamethasone group, low-, medium- and high-dose silybin groups were given intragastric administration of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) and silybin (120, 240, 480 mg/kg), while sham operation group and lung injury model group were given the same volume of normal saline for 28 d. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary tissues of each group were collected. The count of inflammatory cells in BALF was examined by microscopy. The pathological damage of pulmonary tissues was observed by HE staining. The pulmonary wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) was detected by wet-dry weighting method. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in pulmonary tissues, and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in BALF were detected by ELISA. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)/bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2(BMPR2)/SMAD signaling pathways-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with sham operation group, count of BALF inflammatory cells, scores of pulmonary injury and fibrosis, W/D, HYP, and MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BALF increased significantly, while SOD, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC levels in BALF, as well as the relative expression levels of BMP9, BMPR2 and p-SMAD1/5/9 in lung tissues decreased significantly in lung injury model group (P<0.05). Compared with lung injury model group, count of BALF inflammatory cells, scores of pulmonary injury and fibrosis, W/D, HYP, and MDA, TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BALF decreased significantly, while SOD, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC level in BALF, and BMP9, BMPR2 and p-SMAD1/5/9 expression levels in lung tissues increased significantly in high-dose silybin group and dexamethasone group(P<0.05). Conclusion The silybin may improve bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in lung injury mice by mediating BMP9/SMAD signaling pathways, and thereby repairing pulmonary injury.

silybin  /  bleomycin  /  glutathione peroxidase  /  superoxide dismutase  /  malondialdehyde  /  total antioxidant capacity  /  tumor necrosis factor-α  /  interleukin
任维鑫, 王俊华, 柳梅, 韩成美, 丁雷. 水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺纤维化及氧化应激的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (12) : 1201 -1208 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1201
Wei-Xin Ren, Jun-Hua Wang, Mei Liu, Cheng-Mei Han, Lei Ding. Effect and mechanism of silybin on improving pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice by mediating BMP9/SMAD signaling pathways[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (12) : 1201 -1208 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1201
肺纤维化归属于肺间质病,是指正常肺组织损坏后造成的肺部瘢痕性变化,瘢痕组织持续压迫肺部小动脉和毛细血管,使血流阻力增大,引起肺动脉高压[1],常表现为严重的呼吸困难和胸痛等症状[2-4]。肺纤维化早期诊断困难,症状出现后易并发难以控制的右心衰竭而导致预后恶劣,其病因复杂且治疗手段有限[5],因此临床亟需一种安全有效的治疗方案。水飞蓟宾是从菊科植物水飞蓟果实中提取的一种具有抗氧化活性的黄酮类化合物,研究发现其可减轻脂多糖诱导的肺损伤[6]。由此推测,水飞蓟宾可能对肺纤维化引起的肺损伤具有治疗作用,但其作用机制尚未明确。既往研究发现,肺纤维化是一种慢性炎症反应过程,与异常的氧化应激相关[7-8]。氧化应激是多种呼吸系统疾病及组织纤维化的重要分子机制,机体氧化与抗氧化失衡后产生过量的自由基,并进一步导致DNA损伤和脂质过氧化[9]。因此,控制氧化应激、改善肺部慢性炎症环境是治疗肺纤维化的重要手段。有研究发现,骨形态生成蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)/骨形态生成蛋白受体2(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2,BMPR2)/SMAD信号通路失调可导致小鼠肺纤维化和肺动脉高压,通过该信号通路调控下游细胞因子和蛋白的表达可使肺纤维化和肺动脉高压得到缓解[10-11]。本研究旨在探讨水飞蓟宾介导BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD信号通路缓解小鼠肺纤维化和氧化应激的作用机制,以期为临床治疗肺纤维化提供理论基础。
水飞蓟宾由上海宝曼生物科技有限公司提供。羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,HYP)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、IL-1β检测试剂盒购自南京赛泓瑞生物科技有限公司;GAPDH鼠单克隆抗体,BMP9、BMPR2单克隆抗体,p-SMAD1/5/9多克隆抗体,以及辣根过氧化酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)标记兔抗鼠二抗购自英国Abcam公司;博来霉素、地塞米松购自上海吉至生化科技有限公司;May-Grum-Wald-Giemsa、HE染色液购自北京雷根生物技术有限公司;BCA试剂盒、蛋白提取试剂盒购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。Bio-Rad多功能酶标检测仪(型号iMark680)、OLYMPUS光学显微镜(型号BX60)。
新生SPF级BALB/c小鼠120只,雌雄各半,购自山东大学实验动物中心[实验动物许可证号:SCXK(鲁)2019-0003],于25 ℃、50%湿度、12 h光/暗交替环境中饲养。随机分为假手术组、肺损伤模型组、地塞米松组,以及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。本研究经济南市人民医院伦理委员会审核(2021-005-12),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
采用博来霉素诱导小鼠肺损伤模型[12],肺损伤模型组、地塞米松组,以及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组小鼠腹腔注射200 g/L乌拉坦(5 mg/kg)麻醉,仰卧位固定于手术板上,用75%乙醇消毒颈部皮肤,于颈部正中切开,暴露气管,经穿刺向气管内缓慢注入10 g/L博来霉素(5 mg/kg),缝合伤口。假手术组麻醉后仅切开颈部,暴露气管,完毕后缝合。肺损伤模型建立成功后,地塞米松组及水飞蓟宾低、中、高剂量组小鼠每日灌胃给予地塞米松(3 mg/kg)[13]和水飞蓟宾(120、240、480 mg/kg)[14],假手术组和肺损伤模型组小鼠灌胃给予等量生理盐水,连续28 d。
末次给药后次日,用2%戊巴比妥钠麻醉小鼠,气管内注射无菌PBS缓冲液3次灌洗肺部,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF),于4 ℃下800 g离心10 min,取上清。随后脱臼处死小鼠,取左右肺组织。左肺用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定24 h,然后行脱水、浸蜡、包埋、切片等处理;右肺充分研磨制成组织匀浆,于–80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
取BALF进行细胞涂片,采用May-Grum-Wald-Giemsa染色,油镜下计数白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等炎性细胞数量。
取左肺组织切片,用Mayer氏苏木精染液染色5 min,自来水浸洗返蓝,置于1%水溶性伊红染液中染色5 min,自来水浸洗30 s,晾干后中性树胶封片、镜检,观察肺组织病理变化并进行肺损伤和肺纤维化评分。
按照HYP ELISA试剂盒说明书步骤操作,检测肺组织HYP含量。取BALF,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书步骤测定BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性,以及T-AOC、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平。
取肺组织,置于预先称重的EP管中,称重记录湿重(W);称量肺组织净重后置于离心管中称量毛重,70 ℃下干燥48 h至恒重,称量干重(D),计算W/D。
取肺组织匀浆,加入RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白,4 ℃下12 000 g离心30 min,收集上清液,采用BCA法测定蛋白浓度,行SDS-PAGE电泳,并转移至PVDF膜上;加入5%脱脂奶粉封闭孵育,洗涤后,加入BMP9(1:1000)、BMPR2(1:1000)、p-SMAD1/5/9(1:1000)和GAPDH(1:1000)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜,洗膜;加入HRP偶联二抗(1:5000)室温孵育1 h,洗膜,采用电化学发光法显影,以GAPDH为内参,采用凝胶图像分析系统分析目的蛋白条带灰度值。
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF中白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数明显增多(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF中白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数明显减少(P<0.05);与水飞蓟宾低、中剂量组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠BALF中白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数明显减少(P<0.05);水飞蓟宾高剂量组与地塞米松组小鼠BALF中炎性细胞数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
HE染色结果显示,假手术组小鼠肺泡结构完整,无明显病变(图1A);肺损伤模型组和水飞蓟宾低剂量组小鼠肺泡壁明显增厚,肺泡结构紊乱,肺泡腔可见组织液渗出,存在大量炎性细胞浸润,腔内分布纤维化病灶(图1B、C);水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺组织病理损伤减轻,肺泡腔内组织液渗出和炎性细胞浸润情况明显改善(图1D-F)。
与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显升高(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显降低(P<0.05);与水飞蓟宾低、中剂量组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显降低(P<0.05);与地塞米松组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显降低(P<0.05)(表2)。
ELISA检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性及T-AOC水平明显降低,MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性及T-AOC水平明显升高,MDA水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与水飞蓟宾低剂量组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组小鼠BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性及T-AOC水平明显升高,且水飞蓟宾高剂量组高于水飞蓟宾中剂量组;MDA水平明显降低,且水飞蓟宾高剂量组低于水飞蓟宾中剂量组(P<0.05)。与地塞米松组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠BALF中GSH-Px活性及T-AOC水平明显升高,MDA水平明显降低(P<0.05),但SOD活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。
与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05);与水飞蓟宾低剂量组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低,且水飞蓟宾高剂量组低于水飞蓟宾中剂量组(P<0.05);与地塞米松组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05)(表4)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与水飞蓟宾低、中剂量组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与地塞米松组比较,水飞蓟宾高剂量组小鼠肺组织中BMPR2蛋白相对表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05),BMP9、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)(图2)。
肺纤维化是间质性肺病的终末期肺脏病理改变,起病隐匿,预后较差,目前尚无良好的应对方案[15]。本研究HE染色结果显示,假手术组小鼠肺泡结构完整,无明显病理改变;肺损伤模型组和水飞蓟宾低剂量组小鼠肺泡结构紊乱,肺泡腔内存在大量炎性细胞浸润,腔内分布纤维化病灶,肺损伤评分明显高于假手术组;水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺组织病理损伤减轻,肺泡腔渗出、炎性细胞浸润情况明显改善,肺损伤评分低于肺损伤模型组,表明中、高剂量水飞蓟宾对小鼠肺间质损伤具有一定治疗作用。既往研究显示,损伤后肺组织含水量增加,导致W/D较正常肺组织明显升高,肺泡-毛细血管膜通透性增加,体液和蛋白通过血管腔进入间质间隙,引发肺水肿,进一步加重肺部损伤[16-18]。HYP是机体胶原纤维的主要成分之一,可作为衡量组织胶原纤维含量的重要指标,通过测定小鼠肺组织HYP含量,能够评估小鼠肺纤维化程度。本研究结果显示,与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显升高;与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺纤维化评分、肺W/D和HYP含量明显降低,表明中、高剂量水飞蓟宾能够减轻小鼠肺水肿,缓解肺部纤维化病变。
白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞是常见的炎性细胞,常与肺部炎症浸润相关。中性粒细胞与内皮细胞结合后渗出至炎症部位是一个多步骤的过程,白细胞向炎症部位移动是炎症形成过程的重要特征,肺部及气道炎症则以巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞浸润为主。本研究结果还显示,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF中白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数较假手术组明显增多,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF中白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数较肺损伤模型组明显减少,表明小鼠肺部炎症得到缓解。与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显升高,而与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低,进一步证实水飞蓟宾能够缓解肺纤维化小鼠肺组织炎症,从而减轻肺损伤。肺纤维化过程包括肺组织炎性损伤和炎性细胞的移动,该过程会刺激细胞合成TNF-α,诱导更多细胞产生TNF-β1,导致肺纤维化[19]。既往研究发现,IL-6和IL-1β作为促炎细胞因子,通过损伤上皮细胞和趋化炎性细胞而在肺纤维化过程中发挥重要作用[20-21]。水飞蓟宾可降低小鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平,减轻小鼠肺组织炎性反应,直接反映了其对肺纤维化小鼠的积极干预作用。
炎性细胞激活在活性氧形成过程中发挥着重要作用,可导致机体发生氧化应激反应。SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC代表机体的抗氧化能力,其水平增高表明机体氧化应激水平降低,而MDA作为氧化反应的终产物,其水平升高表明氧化应激水平升高。本研究结果显示,随着水飞蓟宾剂量增加,小鼠BALF中SOD、GSH-Px活性及T-AOC水平明显升高,MDA水平明显降低,表明小鼠氧化应激水平降低。研究发现,多个活性氧相关途径与肺纤维化密切相关[22],但具体作用机制尚未明确。本研究中,与假手术组比较,肺损伤模型组小鼠肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显降低;与肺损伤模型组比较,水飞蓟宾中、高剂量组及地塞米松组小鼠肺组织中BMP9、BMPR2、p-SMAD1/5/9蛋白相对表达水平明显升高,表明BMP9、BMPR2和p-SMAD1/5/9信号通路与肺纤维化有一定联系。既往研究发现,肺纤维化过程中BMP9、BMPR2和p-SMAD1/5/9信号通路出现持续失调,BMP9表达水平降低有助于肺纤维化的发展,BMPR2表达水平降低可促进内皮-间质转化,介导巨噬细胞募集而诱发炎症反应[23-24]。当肺组织损伤时,SMAD蛋白发生磷酸化,能够抑制活性氧基团及相关炎性因子[25]。鉴于BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD信号通路下调能够促进博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化进展,水飞蓟宾可上调该信号通路的功能显得尤为重要。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,水飞蓟宾对博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化具有缓解作用,可能通过上调BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD信号通路、减轻炎症反应及抑制氧化应激而减轻肺组织损伤。但本研究样本量有限,无法避免偶然误差和概括所有情况,仅通过检测不同剂量水飞蓟宾对肺纤维化和氧化应激信号分子及相关蛋白表达的影响,从蛋白层面初步得出水飞蓟宾可能通过介导BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD信号通路缓解肺纤维化的结论,其具体作用机制尚不明确,未来可从基因水平进一步验证。
  • 山东省市级科技项目(WSCG2018-007)
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2022年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.12.1201
  • 接收时间:2021-11-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-14
  • 出版时间:2022-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-26
  • 录用日期:2022-02-12
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Municipal Science and Technology Project in Shandong(WSCG2018-007)
山东省市级科技项目(WSCG2018-007)
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    1山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院感染科,山东济南 271100
    2山东第一医科大学附属人民医院/济南市人民医院呼吸内科,山东济南 271100
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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