Article(id=1206995211415278538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1626278400000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1628870400000, acceptedDateStr=2021-08-14, onlineDate=1765699683288, onlineDateStr=2025-12-14, pubDate=1669564800000, pubDateStr=2022-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765699683288, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765699683288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765699683288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206995206415668023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1063', pageEnd='1167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765699682092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765700231511, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206997510904693630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206997510908887935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1152, endPage=1158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206995211826320345, articleId=1206995211415278538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on immune checkpoints and immunotherapy, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In recent years, benefiting from the increasing understanding of tumor immunity, the application of immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic has achieved great success. Although immunotherapy shows great potential for antitumor therapy, many challenges are currently facing. The limited benefit population is one of the important issues, and the development of new therapeutic strategies to increase the proportion of the population benefiting immunotherapy is of great clinical importance. As one of the traditional means of antitumor therapy, increasing evidence shows that it plays an important role in antitumor immune mechanisms. Chemotherapy can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to programmed death-1(PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors by affecting the immune microenvironment and activating antitumor immune responses. Moreover, chemotherapy can affect the tumor cells themselves, upregulate the expression of PD-L1, and induce PD-L1-mediated tumor immunosuppressive phenotype, thereby increasing the therapeutic targets of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. A large body of evidence from clinical studies has also suggested a synergistic effect between combination chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple malignancies, and combination therapy is expected to be a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. This paper systematically reviews the evidence from relevant basic and clinical studies, analyzes and summarizes the interaction relationship between chemotherapy and immunotherapy, aiming to provide new ideas for enhancing antitumor immune responses, and at the same time provides a corresponding theoretical basis for clinical combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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近年来,得益于对肿瘤免疫认识的不断深入,免疫治疗尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂在临床上的应用取得了重大进展。尽管免疫治疗显示出巨大的抗肿瘤潜力,但目前仍面临着诸多挑战,其中获益人群有限是非常重要的问题,开发新的治疗策略以增大免疫治疗获益人群的比例具有重要的临床意义。化疗作为传统的抗肿瘤治疗手段之一,越来越多的证据显示其在抗肿瘤免疫机制中发挥着重要作用。化疗药物可通过影响免疫微环境、激活抗肿瘤免疫反应等途径,提高肿瘤细胞对程序性死亡蛋白-1及其配体(PD-1/PD-L1)抑制剂的敏感性。此外,化疗药物还可影响肿瘤细胞本身,上调PD-L1的表达,诱导PD-L1介导的肿瘤免疫抑制表型。大量临床研究证据提示,化疗与免疫检查点抑制剂在多种恶性肿瘤的治疗中具有协同作用,因此联合治疗有望成为一种新的免疫治疗策略。本文通过分析相关基础及临床研究证据,综述化疗与免疫检查点抑制剂联合应用对肿瘤的治疗作用,旨在为增强抗肿瘤免疫反应提供新的思路,也为临床联合化疗与免疫治疗提供理论依据。
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高磊,硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤免疫治疗方面的研究
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1The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
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2兰州大学第二医院肿瘤外科,甘肃兰州 730030
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3Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064230428234462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211415278538, companyId=1207064230415651547, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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The more promising immune checkpoints
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 免疫检查点 | 别名 | 表达位置 | 配体 | 抑制剂 |
|---|
| CTLA-4 | CD152 | 活化的T细胞等 | CD80和CD86(又称B7-1和B7-2) | Ipilimumab、Tremelimumab |
| PD-1 | CD279 | 活化的T细胞等 | PD-L1 | Nivolumab、Pembrolizumab |
| LAG-3 | CD223 | 活化的CD4+和CD8+T细胞亚群、NK细胞、B细胞等 | MHC-Ⅱ、FGL1、Galectin-3 | Relatlimab |
| TIM-3 | HAVCR2 | 活化的T细胞、B细胞、Tregs、DC细胞、NK细胞、单核细胞等 | Galectin-9、LSECtin Ceacam-1、HMGB1、PtdSer | Cobolimab |
| TIGIT | WUCAM、Vstm3、VSIG9 | T细胞、NK细胞等 | CD155、CD112 | Tiragolumab |
| Siglec-15 | – | 巨噬细胞、DC细胞等 | – | NC318 |
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233276167014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211415278538, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
较有前景的免疫检查点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 免疫检查点 | 别名 | 表达位置 | 配体 | 抑制剂 |
|---|
| CTLA-4 | CD152 | 活化的T细胞等 | CD80和CD86(又称B7-1和B7-2) | Ipilimumab、Tremelimumab |
| PD-1 | CD279 | 活化的T细胞等 | PD-L1 | Nivolumab、Pembrolizumab |
| LAG-3 | CD223 | 活化的CD4+和CD8+T细胞亚群、NK细胞、B细胞等 | MHC-Ⅱ、FGL1、Galectin-3 | Relatlimab |
| TIM-3 | HAVCR2 | 活化的T细胞、B细胞、Tregs、DC细胞、NK细胞、单核细胞等 | Galectin-9、LSECtin Ceacam-1、HMGB1、PtdSer | Cobolimab |
| TIGIT | WUCAM、Vstm3、VSIG9 | T细胞、NK细胞等 | CD155、CD112 | Tiragolumab |
| Siglec-15 | – | 巨噬细胞、DC细胞等 | – | NC318 |
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233389413228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211415278538, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Completed clinical trials evaluating chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors combinations
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 临床试验 | 肿瘤类型 | 治疗方式 | 结果(联合组vs.单纯化疗组) |
|---|
| KEYNOTE-021 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+卡铂+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:卡铂+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:24.0个月 vs. 9.3个月(HR=0.53,95%CI 0.33~0.86,P=0.0049) 中位OS:NR vs. 21.1个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.32~0.95,P=0.0151) |
| KEYNOTE-407 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+卡铂+紫杉醇 单纯化疗组:安慰剂+卡铂+紫杉醇 | 中位PFS:6.4个月 vs. 4.8个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.45~0.70) 中位OS:15.9个月 vs. 11.3个月(HR=0.64,95%CI 0.49~0.85) |
| KEYNOTE-189 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+铂类+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:铂类+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:9.0个月 vs. 4.9个月(HR=0.52,95%CI 0.43~0.64,P<0.0001) 中位OS:22.0个月 vs. 10.7个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.45~0.70) |
| NCT03134872 | NSCLC | 联合组:卡瑞利珠单抗+卡铂+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:卡铂+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:11.3个月 vs. 8.9个月(HR=0.60,95%CI 0.45~0.79,P<0.0001) 中位OS:NR vs. 20.9个月(HR=0.73,95%CI 0.53~1.02) |
| IMpower132 | NSCLC | 联合组:阿特朱单抗+铂类+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:铂类+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:6.3个月 vs. 5.6个月(HR=0.71,95%CI 0.60~0.85,P=0.0001) 中位OS:14.2个月 vs. 13.5个月(HR=0.88,95%CI 0.73~1.05,P=0.1581) |
| NCT01285609 | NSCLC | 联合组:伊匹单抗+紫杉醇+卡铂 单纯化疗组:紫杉醇+卡铂 | 中位PFS:5.6个月 vs. 5.6个月(HR=0.87,95%CI 0.75~1.01) 中位OS:13.4个月 vs. 12.4个月(HR=0.91,95%CI 0.77~1.07) |
| KEYNOTE-059 | 胃或胃食管连接部腺癌 | 联合组:派姆单抗+顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶 单纯化疗组:PD-1抑制剂单药(派姆单抗) | ORR:60.0%(95%CI 38.7~78.9) vs. 25.8%(95%CI 11.9~44.6) |
| KEYNOTE-062 | 胃或胃食管连接部腺癌 | 联合组:派姆单抗+顺铂+卡培他滨 单纯化疗组:顺铂+卡培他滨 | 中位PFS:6.9个月 vs. 6.4个月(HR=0.84,95%CI 0.70~1.02,P=0.04) 中位OS:12.5个月 vs. 11.1个月(HR=0.85,95%CI 0.70~1.03,P=0.05) |
| CheckMate 649 | 转移性胃癌、胃食管连接部癌和食管腺癌 | 联合组:纳武单抗+奥沙利铂+卡培他滨或纳武单抗+奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶 单纯化疗组:奥沙利铂+卡培他滨,或奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶 | 中位PFS:7.7个月 vs. 6.1个月(HR=0.68,95%CI 0.56~0.81,P<0.0001) 中位OS:14.4个月 vs. 11.1个月(HR=0.71,95%CI 0.59~0.86,P<0.0001) |
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233477493616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211415278538, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
已完成的化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的临床试验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 临床试验 | 肿瘤类型 | 治疗方式 | 结果(联合组vs.单纯化疗组) |
|---|
| KEYNOTE-021 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+卡铂+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:卡铂+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:24.0个月 vs. 9.3个月(HR=0.53,95%CI 0.33~0.86,P=0.0049) 中位OS:NR vs. 21.1个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.32~0.95,P=0.0151) |
| KEYNOTE-407 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+卡铂+紫杉醇 单纯化疗组:安慰剂+卡铂+紫杉醇 | 中位PFS:6.4个月 vs. 4.8个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.45~0.70) 中位OS:15.9个月 vs. 11.3个月(HR=0.64,95%CI 0.49~0.85) |
| KEYNOTE-189 | NSCLC | 联合组:派姆单抗+铂类+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:铂类+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:9.0个月 vs. 4.9个月(HR=0.52,95%CI 0.43~0.64,P<0.0001) 中位OS:22.0个月 vs. 10.7个月(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.45~0.70) |
| NCT03134872 | NSCLC | 联合组:卡瑞利珠单抗+卡铂+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:卡铂+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:11.3个月 vs. 8.9个月(HR=0.60,95%CI 0.45~0.79,P<0.0001) 中位OS:NR vs. 20.9个月(HR=0.73,95%CI 0.53~1.02) |
| IMpower132 | NSCLC | 联合组:阿特朱单抗+铂类+培美曲塞 单纯化疗组:铂类+培美曲塞 | 中位PFS:6.3个月 vs. 5.6个月(HR=0.71,95%CI 0.60~0.85,P=0.0001) 中位OS:14.2个月 vs. 13.5个月(HR=0.88,95%CI 0.73~1.05,P=0.1581) |
| NCT01285609 | NSCLC | 联合组:伊匹单抗+紫杉醇+卡铂 单纯化疗组:紫杉醇+卡铂 | 中位PFS:5.6个月 vs. 5.6个月(HR=0.87,95%CI 0.75~1.01) 中位OS:13.4个月 vs. 12.4个月(HR=0.91,95%CI 0.77~1.07) |
| KEYNOTE-059 | 胃或胃食管连接部腺癌 | 联合组:派姆单抗+顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶 单纯化疗组:PD-1抑制剂单药(派姆单抗) | ORR:60.0%(95%CI 38.7~78.9) vs. 25.8%(95%CI 11.9~44.6) |
| KEYNOTE-062 | 胃或胃食管连接部腺癌 | 联合组:派姆单抗+顺铂+卡培他滨 单纯化疗组:顺铂+卡培他滨 | 中位PFS:6.9个月 vs. 6.4个月(HR=0.84,95%CI 0.70~1.02,P=0.04) 中位OS:12.5个月 vs. 11.1个月(HR=0.85,95%CI 0.70~1.03,P=0.05) |
| CheckMate 649 | 转移性胃癌、胃食管连接部癌和食管腺癌 | 联合组:纳武单抗+奥沙利铂+卡培他滨或纳武单抗+奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶 单纯化疗组:奥沙利铂+卡培他滨,或奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶 | 中位PFS:7.7个月 vs. 6.1个月(HR=0.68,95%CI 0.56~0.81,P<0.0001) 中位OS:14.4个月 vs. 11.1个月(HR=0.71,95%CI 0.59~0.86,P<0.0001) |
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