Article(id=1206995211000038330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1101, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1629907200000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1654617600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-06-08, onlineDate=1765699683188, onlineDateStr=2025-12-14, pubDate=1669564800000, pubDateStr=2022-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765699683188, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765699683188, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765699683188, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206995206415668023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1063', pageEnd='1167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765699682092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765700231511, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206997510904693630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206997510908887935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1101, endPage=1107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206995211314611146, articleId=1206995211000038330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of schisandrin B on myocardial remodeling and electrocardiogram changes of rats with atrial fibrillation, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial remodeling and electrocardiogram changes of atrial fibrillation rats. Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive control group, low-dose group and high-dose group (12 rats each). Except normal group, rats in other groups were injected with Ach-CaCl2 mixed solution through tail vein to establish atrial fibrillation model. From the 4th day of modeling, 1 h before Ach-CaCl2 mixture injection through tail vein injection, rats in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group were given intragastric administration of amiodarone 50 mg/kg, Sch 40 mg/kg and Sch 80 mg/kg, respectively, once a day for consecutive 7 days. ECG of each group was recorded during the last caudal vein injection of Ach-CaCl2 mixture. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD). The relative expression levels of collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) and collagen Ⅲ (Col Ⅲ)mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, the pathological changes of atrial tissue were observed by HE staining, the myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson staining, and the relative expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K were detected by Western blotting. Results The results of echocardiography showed that LVEF and LVFS were higher, while LVEDD and LVESD were shorter in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the LVEF and LVFS increased significantly, and the LVEDD and LVESD shortened significantly in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ mRNA were lower in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group than in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the relative expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ mRNA were decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed that the cardiomyocytes in normal group were in order and dense, and the morphology of the cells was normal with no edema in the interstitium. While those in model group were out of order, intercellular space widened and intercellular interstitium was with edema. The injury of myocardial cells in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group was significantly improved. Masson staining showed that the percentage of collagen area in atrial tissue of rats decreased in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than that in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the percentage of collagen area in atrial tissue of rats decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that the relative protein expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K were lower in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than those in model group;Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the relative expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K proteins were decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). Conclusion Sch B can mitigate rats' atrial fibrillation, improve myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction, possibly by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Ling Su, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨五味子乙素(Sch B)对心房颤动(简称房颤)大鼠心肌重构和心电图改变的影响及其可能的机制。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、Sch B低剂量组和Sch B高剂量组(n=12)。除正常组外,其余组大鼠尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(Ach-CaCl2)混合液建立房颤模型,从建模第4天开始,尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液前1 h,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠分别以胺碘酮50 mg/kg、Sch 40 mg/kg、Sch 80 mg/kg灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d。末次尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液时记录各组大鼠心电图,超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)。qRT-PCR检测Ⅰ型胶原(Col Ⅰ)和Ⅲ型胶原(Col Ⅲ)mRNA相对表达水平,HE染色观察心房组织病理学变化,Masson染色检测心肌纤维化情况,Western blotting检测磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-mTOR)和磷酸化核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p-S6K)的相对表达水平。结果 心电图检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.05);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.05)。超声心动图检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠LVEF和LVFS明显升高,LVEDD和LVESD明显缩短;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠LVEF和LVFS明显升高,LVEDD和LVESD明显缩短(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,正常组大鼠心肌细胞排列整齐、致密,细胞形态正常,间质无水肿;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增宽,细胞间质水肿;阳性对照组及Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠心肌细胞损伤情况明显改善。Masson染色结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠心房组织胶原面积百分比降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠心房组织胶原面积百分比降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达量降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05)。结论 Sch B可减轻房颤大鼠心房纤维化,缓解心房肌细胞损伤和心功能障碍,其可能的机制为通过抑制Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路发挥作用。

, correspAuthors=苏晓灵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
苏晓灵,E-mail:
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陈文霞,主管技师,主要从事心电图方面的研究

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陈文霞,主管技师,主要从事心电图方面的研究

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A. 正常组;B. 模型组;C. 阳性对照组;D. Sch B低剂量组;E. Sch B高剂量组

, figureFileSmall=HA/ia97TI/njD/I4jgvLXg==, figureFileBig=UoxTXIIk3pVfpHTwIAUwgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064231942378280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Masson staining of rat atrial tissue in each group (×200), figureFileSmall=/KdY/fseQI7c1roRUOQjVw==, figureFileBig=BF+AIwjVR+numVN/OTpHlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232055624494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠心房组织Masson染色结果(×200)

A. 正常组;B. 模型组;C. 阳性对照组;D. Sch B低剂量组;E. Sch B高剂量组

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Akt. 蛋白激酶B;p-Akt. 磷酸化蛋白激酶B;mTOR. 哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白;p-mTOR.磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白;S6K. 核糖体蛋白S6激酶;p-S6K. 磷酸化核糖体蛋白S6激酶;与正常组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与阳性对照组比较,(3)P<0.05;与Sch B低剂量组比较,(4)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=MbNMT1XbCgPnXSKpKlRUrQ==, figureFileBig=ArGAu+PtJ4VSuIUG4aLvZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232466666305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequence for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列
Col正义:5'-CTCAGCTGTAGAGGCTCA-3'
反义:5'-ATGCCTCTCAGCTTGTAC-3'
Col正义:5'-TTGACGTACCGTAAGTTG-3'
反义:5'-CGTTTGAACACTACCACG-3'
GAPDH正义:5'-TTCAGCGGATGTTGATGC-3'
反义:5'-ATCGCAATGATGGAGTCC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232546358083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列
Col正义:5'-CTCAGCTGTAGAGGCTCA-3'
反义:5'-ATGCCTCTCAGCTTGTAC-3'
Col正义:5'-TTGACGTACCGTAAGTTG-3'
反义:5'-CGTTTGAACACTACCACG-3'
GAPDH正义:5'-TTCAGCGGATGTTGATGC-3'
反义:5'-ATCGCAATGATGGAGTCC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232609272646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of AF induction time and duration among rats in each groups (s, $\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别AF诱发时间AF持续时间
正常组
模型组5.07±1.208.67±1.52
阳性对照组8.73±1.05(1)3.56±1.17(1)
Sch B低剂量组6.46±1.40(1)(2)6.25±1.08(1)(2)
Sch B高剂量组7.65±1.22(1)(2)(3)4.73±1.35(1)(2)(3)
F19.84335.036
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232693158730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠AF诱发和持续时间比较(s, $\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别AF诱发时间AF持续时间
正常组
模型组5.07±1.208.67±1.52
阳性对照组8.73±1.05(1)3.56±1.17(1)
Sch B低剂量组6.46±1.40(1)(2)6.25±1.08(1)(2)
Sch B高剂量组7.65±1.22(1)(2)(3)4.73±1.35(1)(2)(3)
F19.84335.036
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232768656207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of cardiac function indexes of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LVEF(%)LVFS(%)LVESD(mm)LVEED(mm)
正常组70.03±4.2148.13±5.243.49±0.645.34±0.47
模型组49.59±3.44(1)23.49±5.23(1)8.26±0.77(1)10.76±0.34(1)
阳性对照组65.40±5.06(1)(2)43.51±4.30(1)(2)4.65±0.52(1)(2)6.15±0.58(1)(2)
Sch B低剂量组54.68±4.28(1)(2)(3)29.64±4.85(1)(2)(3)7.50±0.90(1)(2)(3)9.64±0.37(1)(2)(3)
Sch B高剂量组59.05±5.34(1)(2)(3)(4)37.45±4.34(1)(2)(3)(4)6.42±0.88(1)(2)(3)(4)7.52±0.52(1)(2)(3)(4)
F39.27052.08582.085291.142
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232852542291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组大鼠心功能指标比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LVEF(%)LVFS(%)LVESD(mm)LVEED(mm)
正常组70.03±4.2148.13±5.243.49±0.645.34±0.47
模型组49.59±3.44(1)23.49±5.23(1)8.26±0.77(1)10.76±0.34(1)
阳性对照组65.40±5.06(1)(2)43.51±4.30(1)(2)4.65±0.52(1)(2)6.15±0.58(1)(2)
Sch B低剂量组54.68±4.28(1)(2)(3)29.64±4.85(1)(2)(3)7.50±0.90(1)(2)(3)9.64±0.37(1)(2)(3)
Sch B高剂量组59.05±5.34(1)(2)(3)(4)37.45±4.34(1)(2)(3)(4)6.42±0.88(1)(2)(3)(4)7.52±0.52(1)(2)(3)(4)
F39.27052.08582.085291.142
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232936428375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of the relative expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ mRNA in atrial tissue of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ColCol
正常组0.22±0.090.14±0.08
模型组0.85±0.10(1)0.76±0.13(1)
阳性对照组0.32±0.08(1)(2)0.28±0.12(1)(2)
Sch B低剂量组0.65±0.12(1)(2)(3)0.55±0.11(1)(2)(3)
Sch B高剂量组0.48±0.11(1)(2)(3)(4)0.43±0.13(1)(2)(3)(4)
F75.32951.697
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233007731551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995211000038330, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组大鼠心房组织Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ColCol
正常组0.22±0.090.14±0.08
模型组0.85±0.10(1)0.76±0.13(1)
阳性对照组0.32±0.08(1)(2)0.28±0.12(1)(2)
Sch B低剂量组0.65±0.12(1)(2)(3)0.55±0.11(1)(2)(3)
Sch B高剂量组0.48±0.11(1)(2)(3)(4)0.43±0.13(1)(2)(3)(4)
F75.32951.697
P<0.001<0.001
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五味子乙素对心房颤动大鼠心肌重构和心电图改变的影响及其机制
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陈文霞 1 , 昝生菊 2 , 苏晓灵 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(11): 1101-1107
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(11): 1101-1107
五味子乙素对心房颤动大鼠心肌重构和心电图改变的影响及其机制
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陈文霞1, 昝生菊2, 苏晓灵2, *
作者信息
  • 1青海省人民医院心功能室,青海西宁 810000
  • 2青海省人民医院心脏介入科,青海西宁 810000
  • 陈文霞,主管技师,主要从事心电图方面的研究

通讯作者:

苏晓灵,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of schisandrin B on myocardial remodeling and electrocardiogram changes of rats with atrial fibrillation
Wen-Xia Chen1, Sheng-Ju Zan2, Xiao-Ling Su2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Cardiac Function Department, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
  • 2Department of Cardiac Intervention, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
出版时间: 2022-11-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1101
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目的 探讨五味子乙素(Sch B)对心房颤动(简称房颤)大鼠心肌重构和心电图改变的影响及其可能的机制。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、Sch B低剂量组和Sch B高剂量组(n=12)。除正常组外,其余组大鼠尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(Ach-CaCl2)混合液建立房颤模型,从建模第4天开始,尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液前1 h,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠分别以胺碘酮50 mg/kg、Sch 40 mg/kg、Sch 80 mg/kg灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d。末次尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液时记录各组大鼠心电图,超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)。qRT-PCR检测Ⅰ型胶原(Col Ⅰ)和Ⅲ型胶原(Col Ⅲ)mRNA相对表达水平,HE染色观察心房组织病理学变化,Masson染色检测心肌纤维化情况,Western blotting检测磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-mTOR)和磷酸化核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p-S6K)的相对表达水平。结果 心电图检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.05);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.05)。超声心动图检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠LVEF和LVFS明显升高,LVEDD和LVESD明显缩短;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠LVEF和LVFS明显升高,LVEDD和LVESD明显缩短(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,正常组大鼠心肌细胞排列整齐、致密,细胞形态正常,间质无水肿;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增宽,细胞间质水肿;阳性对照组及Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠心肌细胞损伤情况明显改善。Masson染色结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠心房组织胶原面积百分比降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠心房组织胶原面积百分比降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达量降低;与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05)。结论 Sch B可减轻房颤大鼠心房纤维化,缓解心房肌细胞损伤和心功能障碍,其可能的机制为通过抑制Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路发挥作用。

五味子乙素  /  心房颤动  /  心肌重构  /  心电图  /  Akt/S6K信号通路

Objective To explore the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial remodeling and electrocardiogram changes of atrial fibrillation rats. Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive control group, low-dose group and high-dose group (12 rats each). Except normal group, rats in other groups were injected with Ach-CaCl2 mixed solution through tail vein to establish atrial fibrillation model. From the 4th day of modeling, 1 h before Ach-CaCl2 mixture injection through tail vein injection, rats in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group were given intragastric administration of amiodarone 50 mg/kg, Sch 40 mg/kg and Sch 80 mg/kg, respectively, once a day for consecutive 7 days. ECG of each group was recorded during the last caudal vein injection of Ach-CaCl2 mixture. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD). The relative expression levels of collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) and collagen Ⅲ (Col Ⅲ)mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, the pathological changes of atrial tissue were observed by HE staining, the myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson staining, and the relative expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K were detected by Western blotting. Results The results of echocardiography showed that LVEF and LVFS were higher, while LVEDD and LVESD were shorter in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the LVEF and LVFS increased significantly, and the LVEDD and LVESD shortened significantly in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ mRNA were lower in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group than in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the relative expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ mRNA were decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed that the cardiomyocytes in normal group were in order and dense, and the morphology of the cells was normal with no edema in the interstitium. While those in model group were out of order, intercellular space widened and intercellular interstitium was with edema. The injury of myocardial cells in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B group was significantly improved. Masson staining showed that the percentage of collagen area in atrial tissue of rats decreased in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than that in model group; Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the percentage of collagen area in atrial tissue of rats decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that the relative protein expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K were lower in positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Sch B groups than those in model group;Compared with the low-dose Sch B group, the relative expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6K proteins were decreased in high-dose Sch B group (P<0.05). Conclusion Sch B can mitigate rats' atrial fibrillation, improve myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction, possibly by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.

schisandrin B  /  atrial fibrillation  /  myocardial remodeling  /  electrocardiogram  /  Akt/S6K signaling pathway
陈文霞, 昝生菊, 苏晓灵. 五味子乙素对心房颤动大鼠心肌重构和心电图改变的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (11) : 1101 -1107 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1101
Wen-Xia Chen, Sheng-Ju Zan, Xiao-Ling Su. Effect and mechanism of schisandrin B on myocardial remodeling and electrocardiogram changes of rats with atrial fibrillation[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (11) : 1101 -1107 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1101
心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床上中老年人常见的心律失常类型,是卒中、猝死及心力衰竭的重要原因[1],具有极高的致死率和致残率,严重威胁患者的生活质量和生命安全[2]。心房组织中胶原纤维的异常沉积可导致心房肌细胞间的连续性遭到破坏,造成心房肌束电传导异常,使心房异位起搏而引发AF[3],因此,心房纤维化可能成为治疗AF的重要切入点[4]。五味子乙素(schisandrin B,Sch B)是从传统中药五味子中分离出的活性物质,在心血管疾病中起保护作用。有研究发现,Sch B可通过诱导心肌细胞线粒体自噬来减轻心肌缺血再灌注小鼠的心肌损伤[5];Sch B还可抑制脂多糖诱导的乳鼠心肌细胞肥大,发挥心脏保护作用[6]。此外,体外研究发现,Sch B可改善心肌缺血再灌注造成的线粒体损伤和内质网应激,从而发挥心肌细胞保护作用[7]。本研究通过尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(Ach-CaCl2)建立AF大鼠模型,探讨Sch B对AF的作用及可能机制,旨在为临床治疗AF提供理论依据。
60只8周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠,体重200~220 g,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(京)2018-0001。饲养环境:温度23~25 ℃,相对湿度40%~60%,明暗交替12 h,自由进食水,适应性饲养3 d后用于实验。实验过程符合国家及单位有关动物管理和使用的规定。
Sch B(纯度>98%)购自北京索莱宝公司,Ach和CaCl2购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司,HE试剂盒和Masson试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物科技有限公司,Ⅰ型胶原(collagen Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ)和Ⅲ型胶原(collagen Ⅲ,Col Ⅲ)PCR引物购自中国广州锐博生物技术有限公司;兔抗鼠蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、p-Akt、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p-mTOR、核糖体蛋白S6激酶(ribosomal protein S6 kinase,S6K)、p-S6K和GAPDH抗体购自美国CST公司。电子心电图机购自成都泰盟科技有限公司,电泳仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司。
将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、Sch B低剂量组和Sch B高剂量组,每组12只。除正常组外,其余4组大鼠尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液50 μg/100 g(内含Ach 33 μg/ml+CaCl2 5 mg/ml,溶于生理盐水,现配现用)建立AF模型[8],1次/d,连续10 d;正常组大鼠则尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。从造模第4天开始,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠在尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液前1 h,分别灌胃胺碘酮50 mg/kg、Sch 40 mg/kg、Sch 80 mg/kg,1次/d,连续7 d;模型组和正常组大鼠灌胃等量生理盐水。
末次尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2混合液时,戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,连接心电图机记录大鼠心电图,以f波出现及p波消失作为AF发生标志,以f波消失及p波出现作为AF终止标志,记录AF诱发时间和AF持续时间。
心电图记录完成后,用彩色超声多普勒诊断仪检测大鼠左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVESD)。
打开胸腔,剥离心脏,预冷生理盐水清洗干净,取100 mg心房组织,加1 ml Trizol试剂提取组织中总RNA,并测定RNA浓度,将5 μg总RNA置于无核酶离心管中,再加入引物,70 ℃保温5 min后置于冰上冷却,再加入dNTPs、M-MLV反转录酶及RNA酶抑制剂,在42 ℃ PCR系统中温浴60 min后,95 ℃终止反应,获得cDNA,以cDNA为模板行实时荧光定量PCR。反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸15 s,共40个循环。实验重复3次。以GAPDH为内参照,引物序列见表1。采用2–ΔΔCt法计算Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平。
取部分心房组织置于4%多聚甲醛中固定,常规脱水、石蜡包埋、切片、烘片,行HE染色,经脱水透明后,苏木精染液染色5 min,双蒸水清洗干净,伊红染液染色3 min,双蒸水清洗干净,中性树胶封片,于显微镜下观察并拍照。
取石蜡切片行Masson染色。脱水至透明,苏木精染色3 min,酸性乙醇分化,酸性品红染色5 min,磷钼酸孵育10 min,苯胺蓝染色10 min,脱水、透明,中性树胶封片。于显微镜下观察大鼠心肌细胞间隙胶原沉积情况,每张切片随机选取5个不重复视野,蓝色深染部分即为胶原纤维,采用Pro plus软件测定每个视野蓝染区域面积。胶原面积百分比(%)=蓝染区面积/整个视野面积×100%。
取100 mg心房组织,剪碎、匀浆、离心,裂解液裂解30 min,4 ℃12 000 r/min离心10 min(离心半径10 cm);收集上清,BCA法测定蛋白浓度,裂解液调整蛋白浓度,加入5×上样缓冲液,100 ℃煮沸变性,取20 μl蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,120 V电泳1.5 h,0.3 A湿转2 h;TBST洗膜,室温封闭1 h,加入p-Akt、Akt、p-mTOR、mTOR、p-S6K、S6K和GAPDH抗体(1:1000)于4 ℃冰箱中孵育过夜;TBST洗膜,加入二抗(1:5000)室温孵育1 h;TBST洗膜,ECL显色,采用ImageJ软件分析条带灰度值。目的蛋白相对表达水平=目的蛋白条带灰度值/内参灰度值。
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间资料比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
心电图检测结果显示,与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠AF诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.001);与阳性对照组比较,Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠AF诱发时间缩短,持续时间延长(P<0.001);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠AF诱发时间延长,持续时间缩短(P<0.001)(表2)。
心功能检测结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠LVEF、LVFS降低,LVEDD和LVESD增加(P<0.001);与模型组比较,阳性对照组,Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠LVEF、LVFS升高,LVEDD和LVESD降低(P<0.001);与阳性对照组比较,Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠LVEF、LVFS降低,LVEDD和LVESD增加(P<0.001);与Sch B低剂量组比较,高剂量组大鼠LVEF、LVFS升高,LVEDD和LVESD降低(P<0.001)(表3)。
qRT-PCR检测结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,阳性对照组,Sch B低、高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.001);与阳性对照组比较,Sch B低、高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平升高(P<0.001);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组Col Ⅰ和Col Ⅲ mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.001)(表4)。
HE染色结果显示,正常组大鼠心肌细胞排列整齐、致密,细胞形态正常;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增宽,细胞间质水肿;阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠心肌细胞损伤均明显缓解(图1)。
Masson染色结果显示,模型组蓝染面积大于正常组、阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组。定量分析结果显示:模型组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比(3.85%±0.12%)高于正常组(1.02%±0.14%)、阳性对照组(1.59%±0.10%)、Sch B低剂量组(2.90%±0.15%)和Sch B高剂量组(2.06%±0.17%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);与阳性对照组比较,Sch B低和高剂量组大鼠胶原面积百分比明显升高(P<0.001);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组大鼠胶原面积百分比明显降低(P<0.001)(图2)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,阳性对照组、Sch B低和高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001);与阳性对照组比较,Sch B低和高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与Sch B低剂量组比较,Sch B高剂量组p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001)(图3)。
AF发病机制复杂,是多种原因共同作用引起的,包括自主神经机制、心房组织重构、心房电重构及炎症反应等[9-10]。目前临床上并无特异性的AF治疗药物,常采用胺碘酮、洋地黄或β受体阻滞剂等抗心律失常药物进行治疗,但药物不良反应多见,因此抗AF的新药研发迫在眉睫。
本研究通过尾静脉注射Ach-CaCl2建立AF大鼠模型。Ach和Ca2+是心房心电重构的关键因素。Ach通过与心房肌胆碱能M2型受体结合,激活K+通道,使大量K+外流,心肌细胞复极过程加快,导致有效不应期缩短,从而诱发AF。心房细胞外Ca2+随动作电位进入细胞内,心率异常加快可导致细胞内Ca2+负荷增加,心房则通过钙电流失活及下调细胞膜上L型钙通道开启自我保护机制,同时内向整流钾电流升高,从而缩短动作电位时程,以减少细胞内Ca2+负荷,使动作电位时程和有效不应期缩短,从而增加了AF的易感性和可持续性[11]。本研究结果显示,模型组大鼠AF诱发时间缩短、持续时间延长,而Sch B灌胃则可使大鼠AF诱发时间延长、持续时间缩短。引发AF的另一主要因素是心房重构,而心肌纤维化是心房重构的基础,心肌损伤时,大量胶原蛋白聚集形成纤维瘢痕,以替代坏死的心肌细胞,细胞外胶原过度沉积于心肌肌束间可造成肌束分离,严重干扰电流传导的连续性,并导致传导速度减慢。此外,成纤维细胞和心肌细胞间存在电偶联,成纤维细胞大量增殖可促进肌束间的电折返激动及异位活动,因此,减轻心肌纤维化是预防和治疗AF的重要环节[12]。Xiao等[13]研究发现,miR-4443可通过调控转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)信号通路减少心肌成纤维细胞的增殖和胶原合成,从而减轻心肌损伤。
在急性心肌梗死大鼠模型中,丹曲林治疗可减轻左心室功能障碍,降低AF诱导率,可能为治疗心肌梗死心力衰竭提供新的策略[14]。Sch B提取自木兰科植物五味子的成熟果实,有研究发现,Sch B具有多种药理学活性,如下调自噬抑制乙醇诱导的急性心肌损伤,抑制胃癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力等[15-16]。另有研究发现,Sch B可通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路改善压力超载所致的病理性心肌重构和心功能受损[17]。但Sch B是否能减轻AF大鼠的心肌纤维化程度、改善心功能尚需进一步探讨。本研究发现,与模型组比较,Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠心肌纤维化程度、Col Ⅰ和Col ⅢmRNA表达水平均明显降低,心功能指标LVEF和LVFS明显增高,LVEDD和LVESD明显降低,且病理检查结果显示,Sch B低、高剂量组大鼠心房肌细胞形态趋于正常,排列较整齐,细胞间质轻度水肿,仅有少量炎性细胞浸润,提示Sch B可减轻AF大鼠心肌纤维化,同时缓解心肌损伤和心功能障碍。
Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路对细胞增殖、分化和凋亡具有重要调节作用。Akt是一种丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶,具有苏氨酸Thr308及丝氨酸Ser473两个磷酸化位点,可通过磷酸化和去磷酸化机制调节细胞内多种蛋白的表达[18]。Akt激活后可通过调控下游信号mTOR在心血管疾病中发挥作用。mTOR在生理状态下存在于细胞质,激活后转移至细胞核调控下游分子S6K,而S6K是核糖体40s小亚基S6蛋白激酶,通过磷酸化S6蛋白调节5'-TOP mRNA翻译,在所有核糖体蛋白及翻译延长因子转录片段的翻译起始段均含有5'-TOP,因此,S6K在翻译元件的生物合成中具有重要作用,是合成蛋白质的必需激酶[19-20]。研究发现,热疗可通过抑制Akt/S6K信号通路降低TGF-β1诱导的心脏成纤维细胞增殖能力,减轻心肌纤维化[21]。本研究发现,模型组大鼠心肌组织中p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白表达水平升高,而低、高剂量Sch B治疗后p-Akt、p-mTOR和p-S6K蛋白表达明显降低,提示Sch B也可通过抑制Akt/mTOR/p-S6K信号通路来减轻心肌纤维化。
综上所述,Sch B可减轻AF大鼠心房纤维化、改善心房肌细胞损伤和心功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路有关。但本研究仅发现Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路中关键蛋白表达发生了变化,下一步应通过使用Akt/mTOR/S6K信号通路激活剂进行确切的机制验证。
  • 青海省科学技术厅应用基础研究计划(2019-ZJ-7039)
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2022年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1101
  • 接收时间:2021-08-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-14
  • 出版时间:2022-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-26
  • 录用日期:2022-06-08
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Applied Basic Research Program Fund of Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2019-ZJ-7039)
青海省科学技术厅应用基础研究计划(2019-ZJ-7039)
作者信息
    1青海省人民医院心功能室,青海西宁 810000
    2青海省人民医院心脏介入科,青海西宁 810000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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