Article(id=1206995209678832539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1636473600000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1646755200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-03-09, onlineDate=1765699682874, onlineDateStr=2025-12-14, pubDate=1669564800000, pubDateStr=2022-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765699682874, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765699682874, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765699682874, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206995206415668023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2022', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1063', pageEnd='1167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765699682092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765700231511, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206997510904693630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206997510908887935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1206995206415668023, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1092, endPage=1100, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206995210018571169, articleId=1206995209678832539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats, so as to provide the experimental basis for evaluating the biological damage effect of ammunition and proposing the related protective and treatment measures. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosion group(n=40), thermobaric (TB) explosion group (n=40) and control group (n=10) according to ammunition type and laying distance(18, 20, 25, 30 m). TNT and TB ammunition were detonated in the free field and the shock wave parameters at different distances from the explosion source were measured by pressure transducers. The degree index of injury of rats was evaluated by grass anatomy, histopathology and adjusted severity of injury index (ASII) scoring system. Behavioral changes of the rats were evaluated with Open field test and Morris water maze test. Results The peak pressure and impulse of explosion shock wave decreased continuously with increasing distance from the explosion center in TNT explosion group and TB explosion group. The rats in TNT explosion group died at 18 m (3/10) and 20 m (1/10), while all rats in TB explosion group survived. The dead rats showed a combined lung blast injury. HE staining showed widened alveolar septa and infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells, and no obvious pathological changes were found in brain tissue 24 hours after explosion. Significant correlation existed between ASII score and shock wave peak pressure in TNT explosion groups (r=0.81, P<0.05) and TB explosion groups (r=0.70, P<0.05). The parameters of total move time and total move distance of rats in different positions were shorter in TNT explosion group than in control group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the move time and distance of rat in 20 m central region were shorter in TNT explosion group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the escape latency of rats in TNT explosion group 18 m and TB explosion group 20 m was shortened, the platform crossing time increased, and the residence time in target quadrant prolonged (P<0.05). Conclusions The injury degree of free-field blast shock wave in rats is related to the distance to explosion center with a shock wave peak pressure and impulse dependence. The blast shock wave can affect the behavior and spatial memory ability of rats.

, correspAuthors=Jun-Hong Gao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 探讨自由场爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤效应及其神经行为的影响,为弹药生物毁伤效应的评估及防护、救治提供实验依据。方法 健康成年SD大鼠90只,按照弹药类型和布放距离(18、20、25、30 m)随机分为三硝基甲苯爆炸(TNT)组(n=40)、温压(TB)爆炸组(n=40)与对照组(n=10)。采用TNT和TB装药在自由场爆炸,布放压力感受器测量距爆源不同距离的冲击波参数,通过大体解剖、组织病理检查及校正损伤严重程度指数(ASII)进行大鼠伤情判定,旷场和Morris水迷宫实验评估大鼠的神经行为学变化。结果 TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组爆炸冲击波峰压、冲量均随距爆心距离延长而不断降低;TNT爆炸组18 m、20 m大鼠出现死亡(3/10、1/10),TB爆炸组大鼠全部存活,死亡大鼠表现为以肺冲击伤为主的复合伤;爆炸后24 h HE染色可见肺泡间隔增宽,红细胞和炎性细胞浸润,脑组织未发现明显异常病理改变;TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组大鼠ASII评分与冲击波峰压明显相关(r=0.81、0.70,P<0.05);TNT爆炸组不同距离大鼠总活动时间、总活动距离较对照组缩短,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TNT爆炸组20 m大鼠中央区域活动时间、中央区域活动距离较对照组缩短(P<0.05);TNT爆炸组18 m和TB爆炸组20 m大鼠逃逸潜伏期较对照组缩短,平台穿越次数较对照组增多,目标象限停留时间较对照组延长(P<0.05)。结论 自由场弹药爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤程度与爆炸距离有关,呈冲击波峰压及冲量依赖性;爆炸冲击波可影响大鼠的行为和空间记忆能力。

, correspAuthors=高俊宏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高俊宏,E-mail:
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卢青,硕士研究生,主要从事武器装备生物毁伤效应方面的研究

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卢青,硕士研究生,主要从事武器装备生物毁伤效应方面的研究

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卢青,硕士研究生,主要从事武器装备生物毁伤效应方面的研究

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The role of endogenous and exogenous corticosterone levels in the (mal) adaptive response to low-pressure blast wave[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2017, 34(13): A93-A94., articleTitle=The role of endogenous and exogenous corticosterone levels in the (mal) adaptive response to low-pressure blast wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064236900040886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=412, issue=null, pageStart=113405, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Race NS, Andrews KD, Lungwitz EA, journalName=Behav Brain Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Race NS, Andrews KD, Lungwitz EA, et al. Psychosocial impairment following mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats[J]. Behav Brain Res, 2021, 412: 113405., articleTitle=Psychosocial impairment following mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064237021675705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=75, issue=2, pageStart=183, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Wang H, Zhang YP, Cai J, journalName=J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H, Zhang YP, Cai J, et al. A compact blast-induced traumatic brain injury model in mice[J]. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2016, 75(2): 183-196., articleTitle=A compact blast-induced traumatic brain injury model in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207064237143310526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=380, pageEnd=394, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Zuckerman A, Ram O, Ifergane G, journalName=J Neurotrauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuckerman A, Ram O, Ifergane G, et al. Role of endogenous and exogenous corticosterone on behavioral and cognitive responses to low-pressure blast wave exposure[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2019, 36(2): 380-394., articleTitle=Role of endogenous and exogenous corticosterone on behavioral and cognitive responses to low-pressure blast wave exposure, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207064234228269152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, awardId=JCJQ2020-03, language=EN, fundingSource=Technical Field Fund Project of CMC Science and Technology Commission(JCJQ2020-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1207064234316349539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, awardId=JCJQ2020-03, language=CN, fundingSource=军委科技委技术领域基金项目(JCJQ2020-03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207064228700177239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064228704371544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, companyId=1207064228700177239, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064228712760153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, companyId=1207064228700177239, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1207064228805034844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064228809229150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, companyId=1207064228805034844, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Defense Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207064228817617758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, companyId=1207064228805034844, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2军事科学院国防工程研究院,北京 100850)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207064231791379421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Time-domain diagram of blast shock wave pressure curve, figureFileSmall=P5GZBql4qNrCJLwMafw2ZQ==, figureFileBig=23ygB79ntdlq0iuCG6VO6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064231862682594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=图1, caption=爆炸冲击波压力曲线时域图

A. TNT爆炸组18 m测点;B. TB爆炸组18 m测点

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A. 对照组大鼠肺和脑;B. TNT爆炸组18 m、20 m现场死亡大鼠肺;C. 爆炸后24 h TNT爆炸组18 m大鼠肺和脑;D. 爆炸后24 h TB爆炸组18 m大鼠肺和脑;E. 爆炸后28 d TNT爆炸组18 m大鼠肺和脑;F. 爆炸后28 d TB爆炸组18 m大鼠肺和脑

, figureFileSmall=WEWXBHPBOWKzQA23tIQK7g==, figureFileBig=gFvSwhniZ+EdUJhice/7fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232307278833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pathological changes of lung tissues in rats of each group at 24 hours after explosion (HE), figureFileSmall=VNwC70q94x9DJ0mc2e1NMw==, figureFileBig=sDv6TcmZdNSrisuA37G1qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232365999094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=图3, caption=爆炸后24 h各组大鼠肺组织病理变化(HE)

A. 对照组大鼠肺组织病理变化;B. TNT爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠肺组织病理变化;C. TB爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠肺组织病理变化

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A. 对照组大鼠脑组织病理变化;B. TNT爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠脑组织病理变化;C. TB爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠脑组织病理变化

, figureFileSmall=wGAyaHZ0gWylcBdTbjAAyQ==, figureFileBig=S0ny+E73TFgY6GYsFIzbHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232647016457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Pathological changes of lung and brain tissues in rats of TNT and TB explosion group at 18 m, and control group at 28 days after explosion (HE), figureFileSmall=/Whpv4Io9DurpYikZ+76MA==, figureFileBig=l7Tp8Pams4SbARg2/1AO/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207064232756068367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=图5, caption=爆炸后28 d TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组18 m大鼠及对照组大鼠肺、脑组织病理变化(HE)

TNT. 三硝基甲苯;TB. 温压

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Parameters of pressure transducer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号量程(kPa)分辨率(kPa)谐振频率(kHz)
113B28344.70.007≥500
113B27690.00.007≥500
113B211379.00.007≥500
113B263450.00.014≥500
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232936423445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

压力传感器技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号量程(kPa)分辨率(kPa)谐振频率(kHz)
113B28344.70.007≥500
113B27690.00.007≥500
113B211379.00.007≥500
113B263450.00.014≥500
), ArticleFig(id=1207064232995143703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

ASII trauma score and trauma level (Modified from ref. [8])

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
创伤等级ASII评分(分)
阴性0~0.2
微伤至轻伤0.2~0.3
轻伤至中伤0.3~1.0
中伤至重伤1.0~3.6
>50%致命伤>3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233100001313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

创伤水平对应ASII评分(修改自文献[8])

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
创伤等级ASII评分(分)
阴性0~0.2
微伤至轻伤0.2~0.3
轻伤至中伤0.3~1.0
中伤至重伤1.0~3.6
>50%致命伤>3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233171304486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Results of blast shock wave parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别冲击波峰压(MPa)正压作用时间(ms)冲量(Pa·s)
TNT爆炸组
 18 m0.2003.615255.6
 20 m0.1572.945154.7
 25 m0.0843.924109.5
 30 m0.0663.72081.9
TB爆炸组
 18 m0.1793.949204.9
 20 m0.1273.238136.5
 25 m0.0743.47195.8
 30 m0.0663.89766.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233276162096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

爆炸冲击波参数测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别冲击波峰压(MPa)正压作用时间(ms)冲量(Pa·s)
TNT爆炸组
 18 m0.2003.615255.6
 20 m0.1572.945154.7
 25 m0.0843.924109.5
 30 m0.0663.72081.9
TB爆炸组
 18 m0.1793.949204.9
 20 m0.1273.238136.5
 25 m0.0743.47195.8
 30 m0.0663.89766.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233372631091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Trauma assessment of rats in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ASII评分(分,$\bar{x}±s$)损伤程度冲击波峰压(MPa)冲量(Pa·s)
对照组(n=10)0阴性00
TNT爆炸组(n=40)
 18 m3.81±1.64>50%致命伤0.200255.6
 20 m1.87±1.70中度伤0.157154.7
 25 m0.06±0.13阴性0.084109.5
 30 m0阴性0.06681.9
TB爆炸组(n=40)
 18 m1.14±0.54中度伤0.179204.9
 20 m0.14±0.18阴性0.127136.5
 25 m0阴性0.07495.8
 30 m0阴性0.06666.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233464905785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组大鼠损伤评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ASII评分(分,$\bar{x}±s$)损伤程度冲击波峰压(MPa)冲量(Pa·s)
对照组(n=10)0阴性00
TNT爆炸组(n=40)
 18 m3.81±1.64>50%致命伤0.200255.6
 20 m1.87±1.70中度伤0.157154.7
 25 m0.06±0.13阴性0.084109.5
 30 m0阴性0.06681.9
TB爆炸组(n=40)
 18 m1.14±0.54中度伤0.179204.9
 20 m0.14±0.18阴性0.127136.5
 25 m0阴性0.07495.8
 30 m0阴性0.06666.0
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233548791871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Comparison of open field test indexes of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总活动时间(s)总活动距离(cm)中央区域活动时间(s)中央区域活动距离(cm)
对照组(n=10)92.22±60.514077.72±3062.1822.03±20.19251.88±30.52
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)78.91±49.933767.56±2156.7821.20±19.60254.10±20.32
 20 m (n=6)84.32±41.563793.25±2567.8919.83±18.40(1)237.82±25.78(1)
 25 m (n=6)85.68±42.713890.45±2122.0120.76±19.40244.98±21.65
 30 m (n=6)86.51±46.433956.21±2471.7620.83±11.34249.77±18.49
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)89.23±51.623912.98±3024.1120.38±16.31246.52±23.86
 20 m (n=8)91.37±43.344116.51±2902.7522.19±18.23266.17±18.42
 25 m (n=8)90.68±48.563925.34±2644.0820.35±13.66256.78±20.04
 30 m (n=8)92.44±40.763994.25±2453.6621.47±14.88260.08±21.33
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233657843781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各组大鼠旷场实验结果比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总活动时间(s)总活动距离(cm)中央区域活动时间(s)中央区域活动距离(cm)
对照组(n=10)92.22±60.514077.72±3062.1822.03±20.19251.88±30.52
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)78.91±49.933767.56±2156.7821.20±19.60254.10±20.32
 20 m (n=6)84.32±41.563793.25±2567.8919.83±18.40(1)237.82±25.78(1)
 25 m (n=6)85.68±42.713890.45±2122.0120.76±19.40244.98±21.65
 30 m (n=6)86.51±46.433956.21±2471.7620.83±11.34249.77±18.49
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)89.23±51.623912.98±3024.1120.38±16.31246.52±23.86
 20 m (n=8)91.37±43.344116.51±2902.7522.19±18.23266.17±18.42
 25 m (n=8)90.68±48.563925.34±2644.0820.35±13.66256.78±20.04
 30 m (n=8)92.44±40.763994.25±2453.6621.47±14.88260.08±21.33
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233779478601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Comparison of escape latency in Morris water maze test of rats in each group (s, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别日逃逸潜伏期总逃逸潜伏期
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
对照组(n=10)44.42±18.9643.47±19.8542.19±20.2641.61±22.6040.00±23.3142.87±19.74
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)41.13±24.8336.76±18.34(1)31.77±20.99(1)30.01±20.61(1)29.60±16.23(1)34.74±19.52(1)
 20 m (n=6)42.19±18.2536.93±21.21(1)35.11±22.26(1)30.14±19.03(1)29.80±18.58(1)35.87±19.18
 25 m (n=6)42.43±20.3639.83±21.41(1)32.91±15.37(1)31.55±18.45(1)30.40±21.44(1)36.47±20.08
 30 m (n=6)46.53±20.0844.93±22.52(1)36.07±16.75(1)32.35±20.94(1)31.40±20.19(1)39.79±18.97
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)48.66±17.8245.25±17.05(1)38.85±17.88(1)38.75±17.54(1)41.00±20.08(1)42.50±21.16
 20 m (n=8)34.63±18.4732.83±18.43(1)34.09±21.69(1)27.30±18.94(1)17.67±15.72(1)29.30±20.60(1)
 25 m (n=8)48.19±24.2140.69±19.46(1)40.80±20.61(1)40.50±17.29(1)31.05±20.11(1)40.25±19.93
 30 m (n=8)52.03±29.0836.39±18.69(1)36.99±19.03(1)37.80±17.80(1)40.60±22.17(1)40.76±18.40
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233867558993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各组大鼠Morris水迷宫实验逃逸潜伏期比较(s, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别日逃逸潜伏期总逃逸潜伏期
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
对照组(n=10)44.42±18.9643.47±19.8542.19±20.2641.61±22.6040.00±23.3142.87±19.74
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)41.13±24.8336.76±18.34(1)31.77±20.99(1)30.01±20.61(1)29.60±16.23(1)34.74±19.52(1)
 20 m (n=6)42.19±18.2536.93±21.21(1)35.11±22.26(1)30.14±19.03(1)29.80±18.58(1)35.87±19.18
 25 m (n=6)42.43±20.3639.83±21.41(1)32.91±15.37(1)31.55±18.45(1)30.40±21.44(1)36.47±20.08
 30 m (n=6)46.53±20.0844.93±22.52(1)36.07±16.75(1)32.35±20.94(1)31.40±20.19(1)39.79±18.97
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)48.66±17.8245.25±17.05(1)38.85±17.88(1)38.75±17.54(1)41.00±20.08(1)42.50±21.16
 20 m (n=8)34.63±18.4732.83±18.43(1)34.09±21.69(1)27.30±18.94(1)17.67±15.72(1)29.30±20.60(1)
 25 m (n=8)48.19±24.2140.69±19.46(1)40.80±20.61(1)40.50±17.29(1)31.05±20.11(1)40.25±19.93
 30 m (n=8)52.03±29.0836.39±18.69(1)36.99±19.03(1)37.80±17.80(1)40.60±22.17(1)40.76±18.40
), ArticleFig(id=1207064233951445079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Comparison of the times of crossing target plate, time in the target quadrant and average speed in Morris water maze test of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别平台穿越次数(次)目标象限停留时间(s)游泳速度(mm/s)
对照组(n=10)2.60±0.8911.29±2.68202.78±44.50
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)3.40±0.55(1)14.84±4.55(1)181.73±60.95
 20 m (n=6)2.00±0.7111.11±3.98190.99±63.46
 25 m (n=6)2.20±0.4511.36±2.74197.62±73.58
 30 m (n=6)2.20±0.8412.95±3.10176.87±74.34
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)2.60±0.559.11±4.45204.45±47.60
 20 m (n=8)3.20±0.84(1)17.03±3.99(1)182.95±61.96
 25 m (n=8)2.40±0.5510.44±6.00193.65±47.74
 30 m (n=8)2.60±0.8911.77±3.57174.73±63.16
), ArticleFig(id=1207064234031136857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1206995209678832539, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各组大鼠水迷宫实验平台穿越次数、目标象限停留时间和游泳速度比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别平台穿越次数(次)目标象限停留时间(s)游泳速度(mm/s)
对照组(n=10)2.60±0.8911.29±2.68202.78±44.50
TNT爆炸组
 18 m (n=6)3.40±0.55(1)14.84±4.55(1)181.73±60.95
 20 m (n=6)2.00±0.7111.11±3.98190.99±63.46
 25 m (n=6)2.20±0.4511.36±2.74197.62±73.58
 30 m (n=6)2.20±0.8412.95±3.10176.87±74.34
TB爆炸组
 18 m (n=8)2.60±0.559.11±4.45204.45±47.60
 20 m (n=8)3.20±0.84(1)17.03±3.99(1)182.95±61.96
 25 m (n=8)2.40±0.5510.44±6.00193.65±47.74
 30 m (n=8)2.60±0.8911.77±3.57174.73±63.16
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自由场爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤效应及其神经行为的影响
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卢青 1 , 刘进仁 1 , 高俊宏 1, * , 王鸿 1 , 胡金生 2 , 范小琳 1 , 李亮 1 , 马宁 1
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022,47(11): 1092-1100
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2022, 47(11): 1092-1100
自由场爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤效应及其神经行为的影响
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卢青1, 刘进仁1, 高俊宏1, * , 王鸿1, 胡金生2, 范小琳1, 李亮1, 马宁1
作者信息
  • 1兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安 710065
  • 2军事科学院国防工程研究院,北京 100850
  • 卢青,硕士研究生,主要从事武器装备生物毁伤效应方面的研究

通讯作者:

高俊宏,E-mail:
Effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats
Qing Lu1, Jin-Ren Liu1, Jun-Hong Gao1, * , Hong Wang1, Jin-Sheng Hu2, Xiao-Lin Fan1, -Liang Li1, Ning Ma1
Affiliations
  • 1Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
  • 2Institute of Defense Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100850, China
出版时间: 2022-11-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1092
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目的 探讨自由场爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤效应及其神经行为的影响,为弹药生物毁伤效应的评估及防护、救治提供实验依据。方法 健康成年SD大鼠90只,按照弹药类型和布放距离(18、20、25、30 m)随机分为三硝基甲苯爆炸(TNT)组(n=40)、温压(TB)爆炸组(n=40)与对照组(n=10)。采用TNT和TB装药在自由场爆炸,布放压力感受器测量距爆源不同距离的冲击波参数,通过大体解剖、组织病理检查及校正损伤严重程度指数(ASII)进行大鼠伤情判定,旷场和Morris水迷宫实验评估大鼠的神经行为学变化。结果 TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组爆炸冲击波峰压、冲量均随距爆心距离延长而不断降低;TNT爆炸组18 m、20 m大鼠出现死亡(3/10、1/10),TB爆炸组大鼠全部存活,死亡大鼠表现为以肺冲击伤为主的复合伤;爆炸后24 h HE染色可见肺泡间隔增宽,红细胞和炎性细胞浸润,脑组织未发现明显异常病理改变;TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组大鼠ASII评分与冲击波峰压明显相关(r=0.81、0.70,P<0.05);TNT爆炸组不同距离大鼠总活动时间、总活动距离较对照组缩短,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TNT爆炸组20 m大鼠中央区域活动时间、中央区域活动距离较对照组缩短(P<0.05);TNT爆炸组18 m和TB爆炸组20 m大鼠逃逸潜伏期较对照组缩短,平台穿越次数较对照组增多,目标象限停留时间较对照组延长(P<0.05)。结论 自由场弹药爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤程度与爆炸距离有关,呈冲击波峰压及冲量依赖性;爆炸冲击波可影响大鼠的行为和空间记忆能力。

自由场  /  爆炸冲击波  /  行为

Objective To observe the effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats, so as to provide the experimental basis for evaluating the biological damage effect of ammunition and proposing the related protective and treatment measures. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosion group(n=40), thermobaric (TB) explosion group (n=40) and control group (n=10) according to ammunition type and laying distance(18, 20, 25, 30 m). TNT and TB ammunition were detonated in the free field and the shock wave parameters at different distances from the explosion source were measured by pressure transducers. The degree index of injury of rats was evaluated by grass anatomy, histopathology and adjusted severity of injury index (ASII) scoring system. Behavioral changes of the rats were evaluated with Open field test and Morris water maze test. Results The peak pressure and impulse of explosion shock wave decreased continuously with increasing distance from the explosion center in TNT explosion group and TB explosion group. The rats in TNT explosion group died at 18 m (3/10) and 20 m (1/10), while all rats in TB explosion group survived. The dead rats showed a combined lung blast injury. HE staining showed widened alveolar septa and infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells, and no obvious pathological changes were found in brain tissue 24 hours after explosion. Significant correlation existed between ASII score and shock wave peak pressure in TNT explosion groups (r=0.81, P<0.05) and TB explosion groups (r=0.70, P<0.05). The parameters of total move time and total move distance of rats in different positions were shorter in TNT explosion group than in control group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the move time and distance of rat in 20 m central region were shorter in TNT explosion group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the escape latency of rats in TNT explosion group 18 m and TB explosion group 20 m was shortened, the platform crossing time increased, and the residence time in target quadrant prolonged (P<0.05). Conclusions The injury degree of free-field blast shock wave in rats is related to the distance to explosion center with a shock wave peak pressure and impulse dependence. The blast shock wave can affect the behavior and spatial memory ability of rats.

free field  /  blast shock wave  /  behavior
卢青, 刘进仁, 高俊宏, 王鸿, 胡金生, 范小琳, 李亮, 马宁. 自由场爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤效应及其神经行为的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2022 , 47 (11) : 1092 -1100 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1092
Qing Lu, Jin-Ren Liu, Jun-Hong Gao, Hong Wang, Jin-Sheng Hu, Xiao-Lin Fan, -Liang Li, Ning Ma. Effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2022 , 47 (11) : 1092 -1100 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1092
爆炸性损伤(blast injury)是指烈性炸药爆炸或以其他方式产生的冲击波等因素作用引起的人体生理病理变化[1-2]。爆炸引起的损伤一般分为4类:(1)原发性冲击波直接作用引发的损伤;(2)破片造成的弹道损伤;(3)抛掷造成的二次伤害;(4)有毒有害气体、热导致的中毒、窒息、烧伤等。随着简易爆炸装置的广泛使用、个体防护装置的普及以及医疗救治条件的改善,爆炸冲击波引起的创伤性脑损伤(blast-related traumatic brain injury,bTBI)问题逐渐凸显,占外伤性脑损伤的比例呈逐年增高趋势。调查显示,2000-2016年82.4%的美国军队人员出现轻度创伤性脑损伤(mild traumatic brain injury,mTBI)相关的失眠、焦虑、抑郁、记忆力下降等情绪和认知功能障碍症状[3]。因此,深入了解mTBI的病理特点和神经行为学改变,对其防治具有重要的军事和社会价值。目前mTBI相关研究多数是在实验室环境条件下,通过冲击波模拟发生装置建立实验动物模型开展损伤效应研究[4-7]。爆炸损伤模型复制了比较理想的Friedlander类型的爆炸波,但尚不能模拟实战环境中的复杂冲击波,降低了其军事和临床意义。本研究采用自由场裸药爆炸的方法,探讨三硝基甲苯(trinitrotoluene,TNT)和温压(thermobaric,TB)两种弹药对实验动物的损伤效应及对神经行为的影响,旨在为装备毁伤效能评估及防护、救治提供生物实验数据支持。
健康雄性成年SD大鼠90只,9~10周龄,体重(250±20) g,购自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司[生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010;使用许可证号:SYXK(陕)2021-008]。常规饲料喂养,自由饮水。实验前适应性饲养5 d。本研究获兵器工业卫生研究所实验动物伦理委员会批准(IACUC202106)。
水合氯醛(分析纯,上海山浦化工有限公司);甲醛(分析纯,四川西陇化工有限公司);苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-Eosin,HE)染料、二甲苯(分析纯) (上海蓝委科技发展有限公司)。MP2002天平(上海恒平科学仪器有限公司);徕卡病理系统(德国Leica公司);TDL-80-2B台式离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂);113B系列ICP型压电式压力传感器(美国PCB公司);存储式数据记录仪(中北大学);Serirs30000多条件行为学分析系统(德国TSE公司);Morris水迷宫(安徽正华生物仪器设备有限公司)。
弹药包括TNT药柱(装药高度1.393 m)和TB药柱(装药高度0.908 m),以弹药圆心在地面的投影点为爆心,上端面起爆。距离爆心18、20、25、30 m处布放压力传感器(技术参数如表1所示),采用存储测试法测试弹药爆炸后冲击波的峰值压力(MPa)、正压作用时间(ms)等参数。所有实验均在靶场开阔场地进行,实验场地面为硬质普通沙质土壤。
测量方法:将含有压力传感器的存储式数据记录仪放入专用埋设罐体,放置在预先挖好的坑内,确保数据记录仪表面、罐体表面与地面在同一平面。待记录仪采集数据完毕,使用冲击波专用分析软件进行数据传输和分析。
实验前对所有大鼠称重、标号,随机分为TNT爆炸组(n=40)、TB爆炸组(n=40)与对照组(n=10)。距离爆心18、20、25、30 m处,每个距离点布放10只大鼠。将大鼠以头朝爆源卧姿方式固定于铁丝编制的笼架内,每笼2只,再将笼架固定到地面上预置钢筋处(见附加材料)。对照组大鼠放置在离爆源2 km外的掩体内。
分别于TNT和TB弹药爆炸后20 min进入现场,观察实验动物伤亡情况及精神状态。心跳、呼吸已经停止的大鼠直接解剖,存活大鼠带回实验室继续饲养,进行后续实验。
爆炸后死亡的动物行大体解剖,重点观察心、肺、肝、肾、脑等脏器有无破裂、出血等,将脑、肺及疑有损伤处组织取材,经10%甲醛溶液固定、石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,显微镜下观察病理形态改变。将爆炸后24 h和28 d行为测试后的大鼠处死,进行大体解剖和组织病理检查,程序同上。
目前国内外尚无统一的爆炸冲击波创伤评分标准,本研究参考美国Yelverton[8]的爆炸伤病理学评分系统,将动物各个器官在爆炸中受到的损害用创伤分值表示,得到校正损伤严重程度指数(adjusted severity of injury index,ASII),依据评分结果判定创伤水平,具体如表2所示。
爆炸后存活大鼠分别于第21、23天进行旷场实验及Morris水迷宫实验。
旷场实验箱规格为100 cm×100 cm×50 cm,沿墙壁方格为外周区域,其余为中央区域。选择TSE多条件行为测试系统中的Open field test模块,检测大鼠5 min内在旷场中的自发运动状态,每只大鼠测试1次,计算总活动时间、总活动距离、中心区域的活动时间和活动距离。实验全程保持环境安静。
实验用的水池为黑色圆形(高50 cm,直径150 cm),水池四周设置防水布帘环绕形成一个相对封闭的空间。根据水池内壁标记物的位置将水池划为4个象限。摄像机安装在水池上方支架上,将一个黑色10 cm圆形平台置于水池的第二象限中心位置,向水池中注入清水,水面超过圆形平台1 cm,水温(20±1) ℃。关闭室内日光灯,打开动物行为视频分析系统软件,在程序中设置动物组别和数量、游泳时间(60 s)和站台停留时间(10 s)。正式测试前,让动物在水中自由游泳2 min,初步适应环境。分别进行定位航行实验和空间探索实验。
定位航行实验:共5 d,每天4次,每次训练间隔15 min。每次将动物面朝池壁从不同入水点分别放入水池中,记录动物在水中的游泳轨迹及从入水到爬上站台所需时间(逃逸潜伏期)。动物爬上站台后,让其在站台上站立10 s;如果动物在60 s内未能爬上站台,则引导其至站台上站立10 s后取下,该动物逃逸潜伏期以60 s计算。
空间探索实验:定位航行实验结束后次日,将站台从池中撤走,将动物从目标象限(原站台所在象限)对侧放入水池中,记录动物穿过原站台所在位置的次数、目标象限停留时间及游泳速度。
采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布或近似正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Dunnett-t检验;采用重复测量的方差分析比较水迷宫实验中逃逸潜伏期的整体趋势变化,单因素方差分析比较各组差异;相关性分析采用Person检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组弹药爆炸参数如表3图1所示。两组弹药爆炸冲击波峰压、冲量均随距爆心距离延长而不断降低,正压作用时间在距爆心20 m处降低后又逐渐回升。冲击波压力曲线显示,TB爆炸后0.06 ms压力骤升达到正压峰值,持续约3 ms后降至0 MPa再形成负压区,不同爆心距离的冲击波均符合这一规律(图1)。在相同爆心距离(18、20、25、30 m)时,TNT爆炸组冲击波峰压、冲量高于TB爆炸组;在爆心距离30 m时两组冲击波峰压持平,均为0.066 MPa。
TNT爆炸组仅18 m、20 m布放处大鼠出现死亡,死亡率分别为30.0%(3/10)、10.0%(1/10);TB爆炸组大鼠全部存活。死亡大鼠主要表现为口、鼻、眼出血;存活大鼠自主活动明显减少,毛发竖立,弓背缓行,24 h后逐渐恢复正常。结合爆炸冲击波峰压和大鼠死亡情况,TNT爆炸组出现大鼠死亡的冲击波峰压、冲量分别为0.157 MPa、154.7 Pa.s。
爆炸后大鼠大体解剖结果显示,对照组大鼠肺、脑等脏器正常(图2A)。TNT爆炸组现场死亡大鼠脏器损伤表现为以肺冲击伤为主的复合伤,所有死亡大鼠均有不同程度肺脏出血(图2B),累及全层,可见肋间压痕,出血程度与距离有关;脑膜充血、出血,部分大鼠可见肝脏撕裂伤,肾脏充血肿大,胸腺有散在性出血点;爆炸后24 h TNT爆炸组18 m、20 m及TB爆炸组18 m存活大鼠肺叶有明显瘀斑(图2C、D),TB爆炸组大鼠肺损伤面积和损伤程度低于TNT爆炸组,其余组大鼠肺脏未发现明显异常。两组18 m大鼠脑未发现明显异常(图2C、D);爆炸后28 d两组18 m大鼠肺、脑均未发现异常(图2E、F)。
HE染色结果显示,爆炸后24 h TNT爆炸组大鼠肺泡间隔增宽,肺间质可见红细胞和炎性细胞浸润,随着距离增加病变呈减轻趋势(图3);各组脑皮质及海马区未发现明显异常病理改变(图4)。爆炸后28 d各组大鼠肺、脑组织无明显异常改变(图5)。
对不同距离的大鼠伤情进行ASII评分,结果显示,TNT爆炸组18 m大鼠损伤程度均为>50%致命伤,20 m达到中度伤;TB爆炸组18 m大鼠伤情为中度伤,其余距离均为阴性(表4)。将不同距离的大鼠ASII评分与冲击波峰压、冲量进行Pearson相关分析,结果显示,TNT爆炸组ASII创伤评分与冲击波峰压、冲量明显相关(r=0.81、0.82,P<0.05),TB爆炸组ASII创伤评分与冲击波峰压、冲量也明显相关(r=0.70、0.71,P<0.05)。
旷场实验结果显示,TNT爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠总活动时间、总活动距离短于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TB爆炸组18、20、25、30 m大鼠总活动时间、总活动距离与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,TNT爆炸组20 m大鼠中央区域活动时间、中央区域活动距离缩短(P<0.05);两组其余距离大鼠中央区域活动时间、中央区域活动距离与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表5)。
定位航行实验结果显示,TNT爆炸组和TB爆炸组不同距离大鼠日逃逸潜伏期随着训练天数增加呈缩短趋势,时间交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TNT爆炸组18 m大鼠总逃逸潜伏期短于对照组[(34.74±19.52) s vs. (42.87±19.74) s,P<0.05],TB爆炸组20 m大鼠总逃逸潜伏期[(29.30±20.60) s]短于对照组(P<0.05);两组其余距离大鼠总逃逸潜伏期与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表6)。
空间探索实验结果显示,TNT爆炸组18 m大鼠平台穿越次数多于对照组[(3.40±0.55)次vs. (2.60±0.89)次,P<0.05],目标象限停留时间长于对照组[(14.84±4.55) s vs. (11.29±2.68) s,P<0.05];TB爆炸组20 m大鼠平台穿越次数[(3.20±0.84)次]多于对照组(P<0.05),目标象限停留时间[(17.03±3.99) s]长于对照组(P<0.05);两组其余距离大鼠平台穿越次数、目标象限停留时间与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TNT爆炸组、TB爆炸组和对照组大鼠游泳速度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表7)。
通过动物解剖观察进行创伤评分是评估爆炸性损伤最基本和最重要的手段,目前应用的创伤评分系统主要有简明损伤定级标准(abbreviated injury scale,AIS)、ASII等,这些评估方法的优劣目前尚无定论。本研究以爆源为中心在不同距离处布放动物,而ASII评分与爆炸距离的相关性较好[9],因此采用ASII评分系统进行伤情判定。影响爆炸性创伤程度的因素有爆炸冲击波峰值超压、正压作用时间等,其中峰值超压是影响爆炸创伤程度的主要因素之一[10]。本研究结果显示,爆炸冲击波对大鼠的创伤程度与峰值压力、冲量呈正相关关系,表明大鼠损伤程度与冲击波参量有强相关性。值得注意的是,本研究中TNT爆炸组冲击波峰值超压(0.157 MPa)时出现大鼠死亡,而TB爆炸组冲击波峰值超压达0.179 MPa却未出现大鼠死亡,表明除了峰值超压、持续时间等影响实验动物伤亡情况的因素外,其他因素如动压在创伤效应中也发挥着作用,这些致伤因素有待进一步研究。
本研究中致大鼠死亡的最低冲击波峰压值为0.157 MPa,0.2 MPa时致死率达30.0%。与既往研究报道的0.236 MPa时小鼠致死率为5%[5]、0.213 MPa时小鼠致死率为11%[11]以及0.170 MPa时大鼠无死亡[12]的结果不同,本研究中大鼠死亡的超压阈值更低,而超压相近的情况下致死率更高,这可能与爆炸场所、动物的布放位置、固定姿势、有无防护等因素有关,本研究是在自由场爆炸条件下获取的实验动物伤亡情况,受环境因素影响,相较实验室模拟爆炸发生装置产生的单一冲击波,自由场爆炸冲击波的波形更为复杂;实验室条件下一般会对实验动物采取麻醉、防护等措施,本研究仅限制大鼠活动空间以确保其头部朝向爆源,爆炸时大鼠处于清醒状态,且未采取任何防护措施;同时,受爆炸伤随机性及实验动物数量等因素的影响,动物创伤情况也会存在偏差。
在爆炸性损伤研究中,肺被认为是爆炸超压损伤的主要部位[13-15],本研究结果也印证了这一点,动物肺损伤的大体解剖与显微镜下观察的特征一致,包括出血、炎症反应等。与现场死亡的大鼠相比,爆炸后存活24 h大鼠肺脏损伤范围及程度减轻,28 d时与对照组比较已无明显差异。脑病理检查结果显示,除死亡大鼠有脑出血外,存活大鼠脑组织无明显异常,符合中低强度冲击波致脑损伤的特点[16]。Mishra等[12]在压缩气体激波管中对实验大鼠爆炸性脑损伤进行梯度剂量模拟,发现超压为85~145 kPa时可导致大鼠发生mTBI。本研究弹药爆炸产生的超压范围为60~200 kPa,未发生大鼠死亡的超压值与上述致大鼠发生mTBI的峰值接近。对比两种炸药爆炸后大鼠的损伤效应,在自由场爆炸条件下,TNT对动物的损伤作用大于TB(包括总体死亡情况和解剖病理结果等),这可能与炸药药量、性质等因素有关。有研究报道,温压弹药在半密闭或密闭空间中使用更能发挥其毁伤效应[17-19]
爆炸往往会对实验动物的运动、情绪、认知等行为产生影响,引发创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)及创伤性脑损伤(TBI)[20-21],因此研究爆炸后存活动物的神经行为表现,对提高生存质量、降低精神疾病患病率具有重要意义。由于现场实验条件限制,本研究未进行早期行为学指标检测,但通过爆炸后存活大鼠毛发直立、活动减少等早期表现,推测其自主活动少于对照组。旷场实验通常用于检测新环境中实验动物的自发活动,评价动物运动、情绪等状态的变化,大鼠在中央区域的活动水平可反映其焦虑程度。本研究结果显示,TNT爆炸组大鼠总活动时间和总活动距离略有下降,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。反映焦虑状态的中央区域活动时间、中央区域活动距离等指标爆炸组较对照组缩短,但仅TNT爆炸组20 m大鼠差异明显,其余各距离均无明显差异,表明随着时间推移,爆炸后大鼠的活动及情绪已逐渐恢复。Morris水迷宫是测试动物空间学习记忆形成和维持时间的经典行为学研究方法,定位航行实验是将动物通过训练让其寻找固定位置的隐蔽平台,从而形成稳定的空间位认知,逃逸潜伏期越短表明获取空间信息的能力越强。空间探索实验是通过记录移除平台后动物在平台象限逗留的时间来评估记忆功能,动物穿越原平台位置次数越多,靶象限停留时间越长,表明其记忆力越强。Wang等[22]发现,随着爆炸强度增加,小鼠逃逸潜伏期延长而目标象限停留时间缩短,认知功能恶化,并出现明显的神经元退行性变化。Zuckerman等[23]发现,爆炸后8 d,实验组大鼠较对照组和假暴露组寻找平台的时间延长。Mishra等[12]进行了爆炸后不同时间点的动物水迷宫实验,发现动物的空间识别能力随着时间的推移而部分改善,在爆炸后1~2周趋于正常。Arun等[4]在爆炸后1个月未观察到大鼠空间学习和长期记忆的显著功能缺陷。本研究结果显示,TNT爆炸组与TB爆炸组大鼠的游泳速度无明显差异,TNT爆炸组18 m和TB爆炸组20 m大鼠的总逃逸潜伏期短于对照组,平台穿越次数多于对照组,目标象限停留时间长于对照组,表明排除游泳速度对潜伏期的影响后,总逃逸潜伏期可客观地反映大鼠的学习记忆能力,爆炸对大鼠的学习记忆能力产生了影响。而大部分大鼠的总逃逸潜伏期、平台穿越次数等反映空间学习记忆能力的指标与对照组比较并无明显差异,可能是因为水迷宫实验观察时间周期为爆炸后23~28 d,大鼠记忆能力已逐渐恢复。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,自由场弹药爆炸冲击波对大鼠的损伤程度与爆炸距离有关,呈冲击波峰压及冲量依赖性,爆炸冲击波在一定距离范围内可影响大鼠的行为和空间记忆能力。受实验环境、动物种属、样本量等因素影响,本研究也存在一些不足之处。首先,本研究分析数据来源于啮齿类动物,种属与人类存在一定差距,仅能为人体研究提供参考。其次,爆炸冲击波对机体的作用机制复杂,不同布放方式可影响实验结果。最后,未对爆炸暴露后实验动物的早期行为学变化及相关损伤机制进行分析,今后尚需进一步研究以完善本研究结论。
  • 军委科技委技术领域基金项目(JCJQ2020-03)
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2022年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2022.11.1092
  • 接收时间:2021-11-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-14
  • 出版时间:2022-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-10
  • 录用日期:2022-03-09
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Technical Field Fund Project of CMC Science and Technology Commission(JCJQ2020-03)
军委科技委技术领域基金项目(JCJQ2020-03)
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    1兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安 710065
    2军事科学院国防工程研究院,北京 100850

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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