Article(id=1203061228731084815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0049, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1638806400000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1649001600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-04, onlineDate=1764761748725, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1674835200000, pubDateStr=2023-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764761748725, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764761748725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764761748725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203061212524290053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764761744816, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764763211166, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=49, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203061229683191831, articleId=1203061228731084815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Mitigation mechanism of Xibining decoction on pain of knee osteoarthritis by regulating redox homeostasis of synoviocytes through CPT1 enzyme, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of Xibining decoction on mitigation of pain of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) through regulation of redox homeostasis of synoviocytes by carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme. Methods Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) were extracted from rats' knee joint and the optimal concentration of the freeze-dried powder of Xibining decoction on FLS was selected by CCK-8. Subsequently, the cells were divided into control group, KOA group and Xibining group. The inflammatory environment of KOA was induced by 5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the last two groups, and in Xibining group, 100 μg/ml Xibining were added and cultured for 24 hours. The mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1 and carnitine/organic cation transporters 1 (OCTN1) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The activities of CPT1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected by assay kits. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) level was detected by a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were extracted from rats and identified by βⅢ-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence. The neurons were divided into control group, KOA group and Xibining group, the FLS supernatants of the three groups were added to the DRG for 24 hours. The mRNA and protein expression of transient receptor potential A1 ion channel (TRPA1) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Ca2+ influx in DRG neurons after TRPA1 opening was observed by Real-time fluorescent calcium imaging. ELISA assay was used to detect the content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in DRG supernatant. Results The ideal freeze-dried powder of Xibining decoction concentration was identified as 100 μg/ml. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of mRNA and protein in CPT1 and OCTN1 of Xibining group were significantly higher than those in KOA group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the average fluorescence intensity and MDA contents increased significantly in KOA group [(5.52±0.78) AU vs. (26.46±2.07) AU; (2.77±0.03) nmol/ml vs. (3.13±0.02) nmol/ml] (P<0.05); the activities of CPT1 and SOD were significantly downregulated [(11.50±0.21) nmol/min vs. (4.98±0.02) nmol/min; (17.6±0.07) U/ml vs. (11.38±0.05) U/ml] (P<0.05). Compared with KOA group, the fluorescence intensity and MDA contents significantly decreased in Xibining group [(14.07±1.41) AU and (2.87±0.01) nmol/ml] (P<0.05), the activities of CPT1 and SOD [(7.94±0.21) nmol/min and (13.81±0.07) U/ml] were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Compared with KOA group, after treatment with FLS supernatant in Xibining group, the mRNA and protein expression of TRPA1, and Ca2+ influx after TRPA1 opening were inhibited in DRG (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of CGRP and SP were also reduced in Xibining group [(19.93±1.2) ng/L vs. (30.19±1.58) ng/L, P<0.05; (84.23±1.26) ng/L vs. (123.16±2.95) ng/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion Xibining can regulate the local redox homeostasis of FLS through CPT1 enzyme, which can further influence the Ca2+ influx on the TRPA1 ion channel of DRG and reduce the secretion of pain factor to alleviate KOA pain.

, correspAuthors=Li Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨膝痹宁通过肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT1)调节大鼠滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解膝骨关节炎(KOA)疼痛的效应机制。方法 提取大鼠膝关节成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS),采用CCK-8法筛选膝痹宁冻干粉干预FLS细胞的合适作用浓度。将FLS细胞分为对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组,后两组采用5 μg/ml脂多糖(LPS)诱导KOA炎症细胞模型,膝痹宁组加入100 μg/ml膝痹宁,培养24 h。采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测CPT1、肉碱/有机阳离子转运体1(OCTN1) mRNA和蛋白的表达;采用试剂盒检测CPT1、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;使用2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯检测活性氧(ROS)水平。提取大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元细胞,采用βⅢ-微管蛋白(βⅢ-tubulin)与胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫荧光染色进行鉴定。将收集的各组FLS上清加入DRG神经元中干预24 h,分别设为对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组,采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测DRG神经元瞬时受体电位A1离子通道(TRPA1)mRNA和蛋白的表达,实时荧光钙成像观察DRG神经元中TRPA1开放后Ca2+内流情况,ELISA法检测降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和P物质(SP)水平。结果 选取膝痹宁冻干粉浓度100 μg/ml进行实验。Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,膝痹宁组CPT1OCTN1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于KOA组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,KOA组ROS水平[(26.46±2.07) AU vs. (5.52±0.78) AU]和MDA含量[(3.13±0.02) nmol/ml vs. (2.77±0.03) nmol/ml]明显升高(P<0.05),CPT1[(4.98±0.02) nmol/min vs. (11.50±0.21) nmol/min]和SOD[(11.38±0.05) U/ml vs. (17.6±0.07) U/ml]活性明显降低(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组ROS水平[(14.07±1.41) AU]和MDA含量[(2.87±0.01) nmol/ml]明显降低(P<0.05),CPT1[(7.94±0.21) nmol/min]和SOD活性[(13.81±0.07) U/ml]明显升高(P<0.05)。与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组FLS上清干预可抑制DRG神经元中TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,以及TRPA1开放后Ca2+的内流(P<0.05),降低CGRP和SP表达量[(19.93±1.2) ng/L vs. (30.19±1.58) ng/L,P<0.05;(84.23±1.26) ng/L vs. (123.16±2.95) ng/L,P<0.05]。结论 膝痹宁可能通过CPT1调控大鼠滑膜细胞氧化还原稳态而影响DRG神经元细胞膜上TRPA1的Ca2+内流,减少疼痛因子的分泌,从而发挥减轻KOA疼痛的作用。

, correspAuthors=张立, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张立,E-mail:
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廖太阳,博士研究生,主要从事膝骨关节炎的基础与临床研究

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2Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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2江苏省中医院骨伤科,江苏南京 210029
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廖太阳,博士研究生,主要从事膝骨关节炎的基础与临床研究

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廖太阳,博士研究生,主要从事膝骨关节炎的基础与临床研究

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FLS. 膝关节成纤维样滑膜细胞;CPT1. 肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶;OCTN1. 肉碱/有机阳离子转运体1;KOA. 膝骨关节炎;A. Real-time PCR检测各组FLS细胞中CPT1OCTN1 mRNA的表达;B. Western blotting检测各组FLS细胞中CPT1、OCTN1蛋白的表达;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与KOA组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=MWk8+/13q8pU22RpfXzxVQ==, figureFileBig=uQLsknB5BqwAeQsdyV61ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247177634477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=ROS fluorescence expression in FLS cells of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=qh0XZYkFRtJnhu5Pwam5AA==, figureFileBig=yMdVImuzNlHw9jyyejv80A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247253131955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠FLS细胞中ROS荧光表达情况

FLS. 膝关节成纤维样滑膜细胞;ROS. 活性氧;KOA. 膝骨关节炎;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与KOA组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=qh0XZYkFRtJnhu5Pwam5AA==, figureFileBig=yMdVImuzNlHw9jyyejv80A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247349600955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=βⅢ-tubulin and GFAP immunofluorescence staining in DRG neuron cells of rats (×100), figureFileSmall=7rvV2VAnm7SjQ8g2oP1aaw==, figureFileBig=ambS5sV1OxbbzMxk45RKLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247454458563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大鼠DRG神经元细胞βⅢ-tubulin与GFAP免疫荧光染色(×100)

DRG. 背根神经节;GFAP. 胶质纤维酸性蛋白

, figureFileSmall=7rvV2VAnm7SjQ8g2oP1aaw==, figureFileBig=ambS5sV1OxbbzMxk45RKLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247571899081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of the mRNA and protein relative expression levels in TRPA1 of DRG neuron cells of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=A9pivtuue9agIOLcUGeOdw==, figureFileBig=v4HmzFzPKdMXHVVTTO0zlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247714505426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠DRG神经元细胞中TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量比较

DRG. 背根神经节;TRPA1. 瞬时受体电位A1离子通道;A. Real-time PCR检测各组DRG神经元细胞中TRPA1 mRNA的表达;B. Western blotting检测各组DRG神经元细胞中TRPA1蛋白的表达;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与KOA组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=A9pivtuue9agIOLcUGeOdw==, figureFileBig=v4HmzFzPKdMXHVVTTO0zlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247831945943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Calcium influx in DRG neuron cells of rats after TRPA1 pathway opening (×630), figureFileSmall=FA5APL4K6j2XNeLomJ8iAg==, figureFileBig=+C9KCHjYSpM8x02BQClf9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061247928414943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠DRG神经元细胞中TRPA1通道开放后Ca2+内流情况(×630)

DRG. 背根神经节;TRPA1. 瞬时受体电位A1离子通道;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与KOA组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=FA5APL4K6j2XNeLomJ8iAg==, figureFileBig=+C9KCHjYSpM8x02BQClf9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061248016495335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences of real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')产物长度(bp)
CPT1正义:ATTTGTGGGAGTATGTCATGG81
反义:GGTTGGTGTCTCCTTTACAG
OCTN1正义:AAGTCCTCTTTGCCACCA135
反义:TGAAGGCCACCACATAGTT
TRPA1正义:GAATTTCCAAGATGCCTTCAG82
反义:CGGTAATTGATGTCTCCCAG
β-actin正义:GAGAGGGAAATCGTGCGT93
反义:GGAGGAAGAGGATGCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1203061248104575724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Real-time PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')产物长度(bp)
CPT1正义:ATTTGTGGGAGTATGTCATGG81
反义:GGTTGGTGTCTCCTTTACAG
OCTN1正义:AAGTCCTCTTTGCCACCA135
反义:TGAAGGCCACCACATAGTT
TRPA1正义:GAATTTCCAAGATGCCTTCAG82
反义:CGGTAATTGATGTCTCCCAG
β-actin正义:GAGAGGGAAATCGTGCGT93
反义:GGAGGAAGAGGATGCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1203061248196850419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of CPT1 and SOD activity and MDA content in FLS cells of rats in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别CPT1(nmol/min)SOD(U/ml)MDA(nmol/ml)
对照组11.50±0.2117.60±0.072.77±0.03
KOA组4.98±0.02(1)11.38±0.05(1)3.13±0.02(1)
膝痹宁组7.94±0.21(1)(2)13.81±0.07(1)(2)2.87±0.01(1)(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1203061248276542203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228731084815, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠FLS细胞中CPT1、SOD活性及MDA含量比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别CPT1(nmol/min)SOD(U/ml)MDA(nmol/ml)
对照组11.50±0.2117.60±0.072.77±0.03
KOA组4.98±0.02(1)11.38±0.05(1)3.13±0.02(1)
膝痹宁组7.94±0.21(1)(2)13.81±0.07(1)(2)2.87±0.01(1)(2)
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膝痹宁通过CPT1调节大鼠滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解膝骨关节炎疼痛的效应机制
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廖太阳 1, 2, 3 , 张力 1, 2, 3 , 丁亮 1, 2 , 李晓辰 1, 2 , 吴鹏 1, 2 , 梅伟 1, 2 , 张农山 1, 2 , 王培民 1, 2 , 张立 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(1): 49-57
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(1): 49-57
膝痹宁通过CPT1调节大鼠滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解膝骨关节炎疼痛的效应机制
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廖太阳1, 2, 3, 张力1, 2, 3, 丁亮1, 2, 李晓辰1, 2, 吴鹏1, 2, 梅伟1, 2, 张农山1, 2, 王培民1, 2, 张立1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学附属医院骨伤科,江苏南京 210029
  • 2江苏省中医院骨伤科,江苏南京 210029
  • 3南京中医药大学代谢病中医研究重点实验室,江苏南京 210023
  • 廖太阳,博士研究生,主要从事膝骨关节炎的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

张立,E-mail:
Mitigation mechanism of Xibining decoction on pain of knee osteoarthritis by regulating redox homeostasis of synoviocytes through CPT1 enzyme
Tai-Yang Liao1, 2, 3, Li Zhang1, 2, 3, Liang Ding1, 2, Xiao-Chen Li1, 2, Peng Wu1, 2, Wei Mei1, 2, Nong-Shan Zhang1, 2, Pei-Min Wang1, 2, Li Zhang1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Affilliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
  • 2Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
  • 3Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
出版时间: 2023-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0049
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目的 探讨膝痹宁通过肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT1)调节大鼠滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解膝骨关节炎(KOA)疼痛的效应机制。方法 提取大鼠膝关节成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS),采用CCK-8法筛选膝痹宁冻干粉干预FLS细胞的合适作用浓度。将FLS细胞分为对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组,后两组采用5 μg/ml脂多糖(LPS)诱导KOA炎症细胞模型,膝痹宁组加入100 μg/ml膝痹宁,培养24 h。采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测CPT1、肉碱/有机阳离子转运体1(OCTN1) mRNA和蛋白的表达;采用试剂盒检测CPT1、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;使用2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯检测活性氧(ROS)水平。提取大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元细胞,采用βⅢ-微管蛋白(βⅢ-tubulin)与胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫荧光染色进行鉴定。将收集的各组FLS上清加入DRG神经元中干预24 h,分别设为对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组,采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测DRG神经元瞬时受体电位A1离子通道(TRPA1)mRNA和蛋白的表达,实时荧光钙成像观察DRG神经元中TRPA1开放后Ca2+内流情况,ELISA法检测降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和P物质(SP)水平。结果 选取膝痹宁冻干粉浓度100 μg/ml进行实验。Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,膝痹宁组CPT1OCTN1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于KOA组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,KOA组ROS水平[(26.46±2.07) AU vs. (5.52±0.78) AU]和MDA含量[(3.13±0.02) nmol/ml vs. (2.77±0.03) nmol/ml]明显升高(P<0.05),CPT1[(4.98±0.02) nmol/min vs. (11.50±0.21) nmol/min]和SOD[(11.38±0.05) U/ml vs. (17.6±0.07) U/ml]活性明显降低(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组ROS水平[(14.07±1.41) AU]和MDA含量[(2.87±0.01) nmol/ml]明显降低(P<0.05),CPT1[(7.94±0.21) nmol/min]和SOD活性[(13.81±0.07) U/ml]明显升高(P<0.05)。与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组FLS上清干预可抑制DRG神经元中TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,以及TRPA1开放后Ca2+的内流(P<0.05),降低CGRP和SP表达量[(19.93±1.2) ng/L vs. (30.19±1.58) ng/L,P<0.05;(84.23±1.26) ng/L vs. (123.16±2.95) ng/L,P<0.05]。结论 膝痹宁可能通过CPT1调控大鼠滑膜细胞氧化还原稳态而影响DRG神经元细胞膜上TRPA1的Ca2+内流,减少疼痛因子的分泌,从而发挥减轻KOA疼痛的作用。

膝骨关节炎  /  肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶  /  膝痹宁  /  背根神经节  /  疼痛

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of Xibining decoction on mitigation of pain of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) through regulation of redox homeostasis of synoviocytes by carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme. Methods Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) were extracted from rats' knee joint and the optimal concentration of the freeze-dried powder of Xibining decoction on FLS was selected by CCK-8. Subsequently, the cells were divided into control group, KOA group and Xibining group. The inflammatory environment of KOA was induced by 5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the last two groups, and in Xibining group, 100 μg/ml Xibining were added and cultured for 24 hours. The mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1 and carnitine/organic cation transporters 1 (OCTN1) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The activities of CPT1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected by assay kits. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) level was detected by a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were extracted from rats and identified by βⅢ-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence. The neurons were divided into control group, KOA group and Xibining group, the FLS supernatants of the three groups were added to the DRG for 24 hours. The mRNA and protein expression of transient receptor potential A1 ion channel (TRPA1) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Ca2+ influx in DRG neurons after TRPA1 opening was observed by Real-time fluorescent calcium imaging. ELISA assay was used to detect the content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in DRG supernatant. Results The ideal freeze-dried powder of Xibining decoction concentration was identified as 100 μg/ml. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of mRNA and protein in CPT1 and OCTN1 of Xibining group were significantly higher than those in KOA group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the average fluorescence intensity and MDA contents increased significantly in KOA group [(5.52±0.78) AU vs. (26.46±2.07) AU; (2.77±0.03) nmol/ml vs. (3.13±0.02) nmol/ml] (P<0.05); the activities of CPT1 and SOD were significantly downregulated [(11.50±0.21) nmol/min vs. (4.98±0.02) nmol/min; (17.6±0.07) U/ml vs. (11.38±0.05) U/ml] (P<0.05). Compared with KOA group, the fluorescence intensity and MDA contents significantly decreased in Xibining group [(14.07±1.41) AU and (2.87±0.01) nmol/ml] (P<0.05), the activities of CPT1 and SOD [(7.94±0.21) nmol/min and (13.81±0.07) U/ml] were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Compared with KOA group, after treatment with FLS supernatant in Xibining group, the mRNA and protein expression of TRPA1, and Ca2+ influx after TRPA1 opening were inhibited in DRG (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of CGRP and SP were also reduced in Xibining group [(19.93±1.2) ng/L vs. (30.19±1.58) ng/L, P<0.05; (84.23±1.26) ng/L vs. (123.16±2.95) ng/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion Xibining can regulate the local redox homeostasis of FLS through CPT1 enzyme, which can further influence the Ca2+ influx on the TRPA1 ion channel of DRG and reduce the secretion of pain factor to alleviate KOA pain.

knee osteoarthritis  /  carnitine palmitoyl transferase  /  Xibining decoction  /  dorsal root ganglion  /  pain
廖太阳, 张力, 丁亮, 李晓辰, 吴鹏, 梅伟, 张农山, 王培民, 张立. 膝痹宁通过CPT1调节大鼠滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解膝骨关节炎疼痛的效应机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (1) : 49 -57 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0049
Tai-Yang Liao, Li Zhang, Liang Ding, Xiao-Chen Li, Peng Wu, Wei Mei, Nong-Shan Zhang, Pei-Min Wang, Li Zhang. Mitigation mechanism of Xibining decoction on pain of knee osteoarthritis by regulating redox homeostasis of synoviocytes through CPT1 enzyme[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (1) : 49 -57 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0049
膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者最强烈、迫切的诉求为缓解疼痛症状[1],以欧洲为例,20%的慢性疼痛是由骨关节炎造成的[2]。研究KOA疼痛的机制发现,背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元细胞膜上瞬时受体电位A1离子通道(transient receptor potential A1 channel,TRPA1)激活可导致Ca2+内流,引起痛觉过敏和疼痛,故可作为潜在的药物作用靶点[3-5]。氧化还原稳态是机体对感染、炎症等不同应激的一种生理校正反应,维持氧化还原稳态是生物体生存与发展最基本的需求之一[6]。有研究发现,由于炎症、肥胖、代谢等因素,KOA也存在氧化还原稳态失衡的表现[7],脂肪酸β氧化在其中起着重要作用,而影响脂肪酸β氧化的关键限速酶为肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1,CPT1)[8]。既往研究发现,局部组织的氧化还原稳态失衡会影响DRG神经元的兴奋性,从而影响疼痛的敏感性[9-10]。本课题组前期临床研究发现,膝痹宁能有效缓解患者平地行走疼痛、晨僵等症状,明显改善膝关节活动度[11-12];另有研究发现,膝痹宁缓解KOA疼痛的机制可能与抑制破骨细胞中基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC型趋化因子受体4型(stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXC chemokine receptor 4,SDF-1/CXCR4)信号轴的激活、减少疼痛因子的释放相关[13];OA患者的滑膜细胞脂质过氧化增强[14]。本研究旨在探讨膝痹宁通过CPT1调节滑膜氧化还原稳态缓解KOA疼痛的效应机制,以期为进一步探索膝痹宁的治疗靶点提供参考。
膝痹宁为江苏省中医院骨伤科治疗KOA慢性疼痛的经验效方、专利成方,由江苏省中医院制剂部提供;预制胶购自南京艾思易生物科技有限公司;RNA提取试剂、反转录试剂、PCR试剂、ECL购自南京Vazyme公司;丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、CPT1酶活性检测试剂盒购自深圳Ziker公司;兔CPT1一抗、小鼠GAPDH一抗购自美国ProteinTech公司;兔TRPA1一抗及羊抗兔、羊抗小鼠二抗购自美国Affinity公司;兔肉碱/有机阳离子转运体1(carnitine/organic cation transporters 1,OCTN1)一抗、小鼠βⅢ-微管蛋白(βⅢ-tubulin)一抗购自武汉Bioss公司;兔胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)一抗购自美国Boster公司;大鼠降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP)、P物质(substance P,SP)试剂盒购自南京金益柏生物科技有限公司;CCK-8购自美国APExBIO公司;TRPA1激动剂(Diphenyleneiodonium chloride)购自美国MCE公司;胎牛血清、Ⅰ型胶原酶购自美国Gibco公司;人血浆纤连蛋白、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯购自美国Sigma公司;青霉素-链霉素溶液、胰酶购自南京Biosharp公司;Fluo-4 AM、F-127、1M Hepes、抗荧光淬灭封片液、免疫染色封闭液、BCA蛋白检测试剂盒、RIPA购自上海Beyotime公司;DMEM培养基购自美国Corning公司。冷冻干燥机购自杭州川一实验仪器有限公司;AB7500型实时荧光定量PCR系统购自美国Applied Biosystems公司;蛋白电泳仪、转膜仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司;LAS4000型超灵敏化学发光成像系统购自美国GE公司;LSM700型激光共聚焦显微镜购自德国Zeiss公司;酶标仪购自美国EnSpire公司;DMI3000B型荧光倒置显微镜购自德国Leica公司。
依据膝痹宁方临床使用剂量[11](1剂/d):淡附片、桂枝、制狗脊、紫河车、山萸肉、巴戟天、川牛膝、生甘草、炒白芍各10 g,生薏苡仁、制何首乌各15 g。称重上述药材并混和,加水400 ml浸泡1 h后武火煎煮沸腾,两次煎煮并合并药液,最后以文火浓缩药液至100 ml,则药物浓度为1.2 g生药/ml(膝痹宁水煎液),采用真空冷冻干燥法将药液水分冻干24 h,得到干燥的膝痹宁冻干粉末。
SPF级SD雄性大鼠75只,体重160~180 g,2月龄,由杭州医学院提供[动物使用许可证号:SCXK(浙)2019-0002]。实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
参照张力等[15]的方法,从大鼠膝关节滑膜中分离培养FLS细胞。取25只大鼠,脱颈处死,用75%乙醇消毒5 min,取滑膜组织于PBS中冲洗3次,剪碎,用5 mg/ml Ⅰ型胶原酶37 ℃下消化4 h,过滤离心后,用含10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素双抗的DMEM培养基(以下简称“完全培养基”)重悬于100 mm细胞培养皿中,在37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中(培养条件下同)培养过夜,24 h后换液。取第3~6代FLS细胞进行后续实验,以确保生物特性及细胞活性。
将FLS细胞接种至96孔板中(1×104个/孔),培养24 h。随机分为对照组(含细胞,不含药物)与不同剂量膝痹宁组(100、200、400、800 μg/ml),同时设置不含细胞和药物的空白对照组,每组6个复孔。培养24 h后,各孔加入CCK-8试剂10 μl孵育2 h,使用酶标仪检测450 nm波长处各孔的光密度(OD)值,计算细胞存活率。选择对细胞活性无影响的膝痹宁浓度100 μg/ml进行后续实验。
将FLS细胞接种至6孔板中(1×105个/孔),培养24 h。设置对照组、KOA组与膝痹宁组(100 μg/ml膝痹宁),每组3个复孔。KOA组和膝痹宁组加入5 μg/ml LPS刺激24 h以诱导KOA炎性细胞模型,然后膝痹宁组加入含100 μg/ml膝痹宁的完全培养基2 ml,对照组仅加入等体积无菌PBS,培养24 h。采用RNA提取试剂提取细胞总RNA并反转录为cDNA。以cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸20 s,共40个循环。以β-actin为内参,采用2–ΔΔCt法计算目标基因mRNA相对表达量。引物由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司提供,序列如表1所示。
将FLS细胞接种至6孔板中(1×105个/孔),培养24 h。按照1.3.2方法分组、造模、给药,培养24 h。使用RIPA裂解液裂解细胞并提取总蛋白,采用BCA法测定蛋白浓度,取20 μg上样行SDS-PAGE电泳,并转至PDVF膜上,以5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h;加入GAPDH(1:50 000)、CPT1(1:1000)、OCTN1(1:1000)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜;TBST洗膜,加入二抗(1:5000)室温孵育1 h;TBST洗膜,加入ECL显色。采用ImageJ软件分析,以目标蛋白与内参蛋白(GAPDH)条带灰度值的比值为目标蛋白相对表达量。
将FLS细胞接种至100 mm培养皿中(5×106个/皿),培养24 h。弃去培养基,按照1.3.2方法分组、造模、给药。培养24 h后,收集细胞,加入1 ml试剂一(116 mmol/L Tris,2.5 mmol/L EDTA)和10 μl试剂三(0.2% Triton X-100),混匀后于4 ℃下500 r/min离心5 min,弃沉淀,将上清液移至另一离心管中,4 ℃下12 000 r/min离心10 min;加入200 μl试剂二(2 mmol/L DTNB)和2 μl试剂三,超声破碎,在96孔板中加入10 μl样本、220 μl试剂五(1.2 mmol/L左旋肉碱)和10 μl试剂六[1 mmol/L乙酰辅酶A(CoA)],混匀后,于412 nm波长处记录20 s时的初始吸光度A1和2 min 20 s时的吸光度A2,计算CPT1酶活性。CPT1酶活性(mmol/min)=355.6×(A2-A1)。
将FLS细胞接种至100 mm培养皿中(5×106个/皿),培养24 h。弃去培养基,按照1.3.2方法分组、造模、给药。培养24 h后,收集细胞,严格按相应试剂盒说明书步骤操作,MDA记录532 nm和600 nm处的吸光度值,SOD记录450 nm处的吸光度值,计算MDA含量和SOD活性。MDA含量(nmol/ml)=51.6×(A532-A600);SOD活性(U/ml)=20×抑制百分率/(1-抑制百分率),其中抑制百分率(%)=(A对照组-A实验组)/A对照组×100%。
使用2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯检测ROS水平。将FLS细胞接种至6孔板中(1×105个/孔),培养24 h后,弃去培养基,按照1.3.2方法分组、造模、给药。培养24 h后,弃去培养基。各孔加入1 ml ROS工作液(10 μmol/L),37 ℃避光孵育15 min,于荧光倒置显微镜下观察并拍照。
取50只大鼠,脱颈处死,用75%乙醇浸泡消毒3 min,沿背部正中线剪开皮肤,向两侧钝性分离筋膜及肌肉,手术刀片离断韧带,取出脊柱后,PBS冲洗,在体式显微镜下取DRG组织并用5 mg/ml Ⅰ型胶原酶水浴消化60~70 min,消化结束后,过70目细胞筛,1000 r/min离心8.5 min。在培养皿中滴加1 ml 2%人血浆纤连蛋白溶液包被培养皿1 h,用无菌纯水清洗3次,1 ml完全培养基重悬细胞沉淀,计数后接种至35 mm培养皿内,8 h后换液。
将DRG细胞接种至35 mm培养皿中(5×105个/皿),培养3~5 d,弃去培养基;用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞,加入2 ml免疫荧光通透液通透细胞,2 ml免疫染色封闭液封闭1 h;加入βⅢ-tubulin(1:200)、GFAP(1:200)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜;37 ℃下加入羊抗兔二抗(1:250)、羊抗小鼠二抗(1:1000)孵育1 h。滴加适量抗荧光淬灭封片液15 min,于免疫荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。
将DRG神经元细胞接种至35 mm培养皿中(5×105个/皿),培养5~7 d。设置对照组(用对照组FLS细胞上清干预)、KOA组(用KOA组FLS细胞上清干预)、膝痹宁组(用膝痹宁组FLS细胞上清干预),KOA组和膝痹宁组加入5 μg/ml LPS刺激24 h,吸弃液体,然后对照组、KOA组和膝痹宁组直接加入1.3.2中各组细胞上清干预24 h,每组设置3个复孔,采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,操作步骤同1.3.2、1.3.3。引物序列如表1所示。
将DRG神经元细胞接种至35 mm培养皿中(5×105个/皿),培养5~7 d。按照1.4.2方法分组、给药。培养24 h后,各组用含Fluo-4(5 μmol/L)及F-127(0.1%)的Hepes(25 mmol/L)缓冲液避光孵育30 min。随后通过共聚焦显微镜观察,观察过程中需实时加入10 μmol/L的TRPA1激动剂(Diphenyleneiodonium chloride)10 μl,在495/518 nm激发波长处记录0、20、40、60 s时Ca2+流入DRG胞内引起的平均荧光强度变化情况。
将DRG神经元细胞接种至35 mm培养皿中(5×105个/皿),培养5~7 d。按照1.4.2方法分组、给药。培养24 h后,收集上清液。严格按CGRP、SP检测试剂盒说明书步骤操作,测定450 nm波长处各孔OD值。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,使用GraphPad 7.04软件绘图。实验数据以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD检验(方差齐时)或Dunnett's T3检验(方差不齐时)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,与对照组(100.00%±0.05%)比较,100 μg/ml膝痹宁组细胞存活率无明显变化(98.40%±0.08%,P>0.05),200、400、800 μg/ml膝痹宁组细胞存活率明显降低(87.03%±0.01%、84.18±0.07%、81.10%±0.05%,P<0.05)。据此选择100 μg/ml膝痹宁进行后续实验。
Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,KOA组CPT1OCTN1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组CPT1OCTN1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显升高(P<0.05,图1)。
与对照组比较,KOA组CPT1、SOD活性降低(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组CPT1、SOD活性升高(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05,表2)。
2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯作为ROS荧光探针,显示的绿色荧光强度与细胞内ROS水平呈正比。与对照组比较,KOA组平均荧光强度升高[(26.46±2.07) AU vs. (5.52±0.78) AU,P<0.05];与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组平均荧光强度降低[(14.07±1.41) AU,P<0.05,图2]。
荧光显微镜观察显示,培养3 d时,βⅢ-tubulin标记的DRG细胞呈绿色荧光,表现为胞体呈圆形或椭圆形,轴突之间大量生长并连接成网络状结构,而GFAP标记的卫星胶质细胞呈红色荧光,表达极少,表明提取的DRG神经元细胞可用于后续实验(图3)。
Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,KOA组TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显增高(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05,图4)。
荧光显微镜观察显示,对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组DRG神经元细胞在20 s的共聚焦钙成像荧光强度分别为(82.31±2.69) AU、(120.14±1.72) AU、(97.93±2.43) AU,40 s的荧光强度分别为(95.21±2.58) AU、(127.78±2.22) AU、(110.85±4.87) AU,60 s的荧光强度分别为(97.47±1.86) AU、(150.46±2.12) AU、(140.22±4.39) AU。与对照组比较,KOA组20、40、60 s的荧光强度升高(P<0.05),表明KOA组DRG神经元细胞Ca2+内流增强;与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组20、40、60 s的荧光强度降低(P<0.05),表明膝痹宁减弱了DRG细胞神经元的Ca2+内流(图5)。
ELISA检测结果显示,对照组、KOA组、膝痹宁组DRG神经元细胞上清液中CGRP表达量分别为(6.34±0.96) ng/L、(30.19±1.58) ng/L、(19.93±1.2) ng/L,SP表达量分别为(22.64±2.93) ng/L、(123.16±2.95) ng/L、(84.23±1.26) ng/L。与对照组比较,KOA组DRG神经元细胞上清液中CGRP、SP表达量明显升高(P<0.05);与KOA组比较,膝痹宁组DRG神经元细胞上清液中CGRP、SP表达量明显降低(P<0.05)。
KOA作为一种致残性关节疾病迁延不愈,其引起的慢性疼痛是患者就医的主要原因[16]。据统计,我国45岁以上人群症状性KOA发病率高达8.1%,给患者和社会带来了沉重的健康和经济负担[17]。部分患者即使手术也无法彻底缓解疼痛,分析原因与软骨退变、骨质病变、滑膜炎症等组织产生一系列致炎因子、疼痛因子有关[18]。KOA疼痛的产生依赖于外周伤害性刺激,刺激信号产生后,沿脊髓背角传递,经由神经元传导到中枢神经系统,最终在大脑皮质产生疼痛感觉,其中DRG作为初级感觉神经元能将外周疼痛信号传递至脊髓,是疼痛传导过程的“中继站”,而DRG神经元细胞膜上TRPA1离子通道的激活引发Ca2+内流,是导致疼痛发生的重要机制,因此,DRG上的TRPA1离子通道成为治疗疼痛的关键靶点[19]
肥胖是KOA发病的高危因素,亦是慢性疼痛发展的重要危险因素[16,20]。肥胖症的特点为脂肪酸水平增高及脂肪酸代谢异常[21]。众多研究表明,脂肪酸代谢参与了KOA复杂的病程,调控脂肪酸代谢有助于缓解关节疼痛及改善其功能[22]。脂肪酸代谢的主要途径是线粒体脂肪酸β氧化,即脂肪酸的分解代谢首先被活化,生成脂酰乙酰CoA,活化的脂酰CoA必须先进入线粒体才能氧化,但长链脂酰CoA不能直接透过线粒体内膜,因此活化的脂酰CoA要借助肉碱才能转运入线粒体内,而CPT1是这一转运过程的催化剂,决定了其转运效率[8,23]。此外,氧化还原稳态是机体在应激条件下的一种机体平衡反应,维持氧化还原稳态是生物体生存与发展最基本的需求之一[6]。作为由于肥胖、代谢等因素造成的疾病,KOA也存在氧化还原稳态失衡的表现[7],其中,脂肪酸β氧化在氧化还原稳态系统中发挥了十分重要的作用,而影响脂肪酸β氧化的关键限速酶CPT1可增加进入线粒体的脂肪酸通量[8]。目前研究发现,局部组织的氧化还原稳态失衡会影响DRG神经元的兴奋性,从而影响疼痛的敏感性[9-10]。因此,探究组织氧化还原稳态、CPT1调控下的脂肪酸β氧化与KOA疼痛三者之间的关系具有重要意义。
本研究首先在FLS细胞中用5 μg/ml LPS模拟KOA炎症环境,发现LPS诱导的炎症可抑制CPT1、OCTN1的表达,与既往研究结果一致[24-25]。细胞膜上存在着多种转运体,它们在内源性化合物如肉碱的体内转运中发挥重要作用,FLS细胞的炎症环境可能影响OCTN1的转运过程及CPT1的转运效率。本研究结果显示,KOA组ROS水平和MDA含量升高,SOD活性下调,表明LPS处理破坏了FLS细胞的氧化还原稳态,而用膝痹宁处理后ROS水平和MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,表明膝痹宁可帮助恢复被破坏的氧化还原稳态。进一步提取、培养及鉴定大鼠DRG神经元细胞,并将FLS细胞上清加入DGR神经元细胞中,结果显示,膝痹宁下调了TRPA1 mRNA和蛋白的表达;FLS细胞中被破坏的氧化还原稳态环境在DRG神经元细胞中可引起Ca2+内流强度的变化,伴随着TRPA1表达的变化,细胞上清中CGRP、SP表达量也发生变化,而膝痹宁对于此过程具有干预效应。由此可见,膝痹宁可通过CPT1调节滑膜细胞氧化还原稳态影响DRG神经元细胞膜上TRPA1的Ca2+内流及减少疼痛因子的分泌,从而发挥减轻KOA疼痛的作用。这可为KOA疼痛深层机制的研究、新靶点的发现提供参考。
本研究存在不足之处:脂质代谢通路中某些特定成分和关键调节酶的相关变化及相互作用仍有待研究,靶向TRPA1实现镇痛的深层次机制尚不明确,也未从整体动物水平观察膝痹宁减轻KOA大鼠疼痛的影响及机制。值得注意的是,本研究采取膝痹宁冻干粉的形式干预细胞,是因为膝痹宁组方及所含化学成分复杂,中药冻干粉的形式可为中药复方的质量控制提供借鉴,采取这种方式作用于细胞的研究近几年逐渐增多[26-27]。此外,复方水提物冻干粉因为严格按照临床使用量煎煮、冻干,具有操作时间短、实验重复性好、药物浓度可控、容易进行检测等优点[28],但并不能真正模拟膝痹宁在体内的药代动力学,其自身的理化性质可能会对实验结果产生干扰,若采取含药血清则能反映口服中药在体内的消化吸收、代谢及最后产生的药理效应,但中药血清药理学也存在如动物个体差异(年龄、性别、质量等),给药方案差异,选择生理还是病理状态下制备的含药血清,以及含药血清中的活性成分可能会干扰细胞影响药效的客观评价等问题[29]。未来应采取多种中药干预方法进行体外实验,深入研究膝痹宁镇痛的物质基础与疗效机制。
综上所述,膝痹宁可能通过CPT1调节滑膜细胞氧化还原稳态而影响DRG神经元细胞膜上TRPA1的Ca2+内流,减少疼痛因子的分泌,从而发挥减轻KOA疼痛的作用。该结果为膝痹宁临床治疗KOA疼痛提供了理论依据,但膝痹宁治疗KOA疼痛的机制仍待进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81904224)
  • 江苏省中医药领军人才项目(SLJ0207)
  • 江苏省研究生培养创新工程资助项目(KYCX21_1645)
  • 江苏省研究生培养创新工程资助项目(KYCX21_1675)
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2023年第48卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0049
  • 接收时间:2021-12-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-07
  • 录用日期:2022-04-04
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81904224)
国家自然科学基金(81904224)
Leading Talents of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(SLJ0207)
江苏省中医药领军人才项目(SLJ0207)
Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Training Innovation Project(KYCX21_1645)
江苏省研究生培养创新工程资助项目(KYCX21_1645)
Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Training Innovation Project(KYCX21_1675)
江苏省研究生培养创新工程资助项目(KYCX21_1675)
作者信息
    1南京中医药大学附属医院骨伤科,江苏南京 210029
    2江苏省中医院骨伤科,江苏南京 210029
    3南京中医药大学代谢病中医研究重点实验室,江苏南京 210023

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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