Article(id=1203061228236156938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650816000000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1663430400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-09-18, onlineDate=1764761748546, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1674835200000, pubDateStr=2023-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764761748546, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764761748546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764761748546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203061212524290053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764761744816, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764763211166, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203061232552095776, articleId=1203061228236156938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Application value of routine electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy with different configurations in patients with hypertension, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the application value of routine electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients using different configuration diagnostic criteria. Methods The clinical data were collected of 228 patients with essential hypertension treated in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from September 2016 to March 2021, and the results of echocardiography and electrocardiogram were retrospectively analyzed. Ganau classification of left ventricle was done according to 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) criteria. The patients were divided into normal configuration (NG, n=58) group, concentric remodeling (CR, n=107) group, eccentric hypertrophy (EH, n=24) group and concentric hypertrophy (CH, n=39) group. The classification was done again according to the Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults (EMINCA) criteria, patients were divided into NG group (n=105), CR group (n=27), EH group (n=81) and CH group (n=15). The consistency of the results of left ventricular configuration classification according to different criteria was compared, and the diagnostic value of ECG in different left ventricular configuration and the difference between groups were analyzed. Results The results of configuration classified according to the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria and EMINCA criteria had statistical difference (P<0.01), and the consistency was poor (Kappa=0.330, P<0.01). According to the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria, the positive rate of ECG in NG group, CR group, EH group and CH group were 5.2%, 7.5%, 29.2%, and 30.8%, respectively. The differences among groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The positive rate of EH group or CH group was significantly higher than that in NG group or CR group (P<0.0083). The sensitivity and specificity of ECG in diagnosing LVH were 30.2% and 93.3%, respectively. According to the EMINCA criteria, the positive rate of ECG in diagnosing LVH in NG group, CR group, EH group and CH group were 1.9%, 3.7%, 25.9%, and 40.0% respectively. The differences among groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The positive rate in EH and CH group was significantly higher than that in in NG group (P<0.0083). The sensitivity and specificity of ECG in diagnosing LVH were 28.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions 2018 ESC/ESH criteria and EMINCA criteria showed a significant difference in classification of left ventricular configuration. In the two different criteria, ECG has low sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of LVH.

, correspAuthors=Mei Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 分析常规心电图在高血压患者不同构型左心室肥厚(LVH)诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集2016年9月-2021年3月于山东大学齐鲁医院就诊的228例原发性高血压患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其超声心动图及心电图结果。按照2018欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)/欧洲高血压学会(ESH)标准进行左心室Ganau分型划分,将患者分成正常构型(NG)组(n=58)、向心型重构组(CR)组(n=107)、离心型肥厚(EH)组(n=24)、向心型肥厚(CH)组(n=39);所有患者再按照中国汉族正常成年人超声心动图测量值研究(EMINCA)标准分为NG组(n=105)、CR组(n=27)、EH组(n=81)、CH组(n=15)。比较按照不同标准划分左心室构型结果的一致性,并分析心电图对不同左心室构型的诊断价值及组间差异。结果 按照2018 ESC/ESH标准和EMINCA标准对左心室构型类型的划分结果存在明显差异(P<0.01),一致性较差(Kappa=0.330,P<0.01)。按照2018 ESC/ESH标准分型,心电图诊断LVH在NG、CR、EH、CH各组中的阳性率分别为5.2%、7.5%、29.2%、30.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且EH组或CH组的阳性率明显高于NG组或CR组(P<0.0083)。心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为30.2%,特异度为93.3%。按照中国EMINCA标准分型,心电图诊断LVH在NG组、CR组、EH组、CH组的阳性率分别为1.9%、3.7%、25.9%、40.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且EH组、CH组的阳性率均明显高于NG组(P<0.0083),心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为28.1%,特异度为97.7%。结论 2018 ESC/ESH标准和EMINCA标准对左心室构型的划分存在明显差异。心电图在两种不同标准中对LVH的诊断敏感度低,特异度较高。

, correspAuthors=张梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张梅,E-mail:
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杨帆,医学硕士,主要从事高血压等相关疾病的临床诊治工作

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杨帆,医学硕士,主要从事高血压等相关疾病的临床诊治工作

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Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(8): 771-776., articleTitle=Correlation analysis of fibrinogen and blood lipid composition to the progression of NCCLs in CHD patients after PCI, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203268509506707863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=8, pageStart=771, pageEnd=776, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=20, authorNames=马茜钰, 张金鹏, 张兆元, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[马茜钰, 张金鹏, 张兆元, 等. 纤维蛋白原及血脂成分与冠心病患者PCI术后非罪犯血管病变进展的相关性分析[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(8): 771-776.], articleTitle=纤维蛋白原及血脂成分与冠心病患者PCI术后非罪犯血管病变进展的相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203268509565428120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=372, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Jiang X, Quan X, Yang J, journalName=J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang X, Quan X, Yang J, et al. Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of abnormal hypertensive cardiac phenotypes[J]. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2019, 21(3): 372-378., articleTitle=Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of abnormal hypertensive cardiac phenotypes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203268509624148377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=4, pageStart=343, pageEnd=348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Zhu Y, Ge ZX, Zhang CX, journalName=Chin J Hypertens, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Y, Ge ZX, Zhang CX, et al. The value of improved electrocardiogram Cornell criteria in diagnosing the changes of left ventricular geometric pattern in hypertension[J]. Chin J Hypertens, 2021, 29(4): 343-348., articleTitle=The value of improved electrocardiogram Cornell criteria in diagnosing the changes of left ventricular geometric pattern in hypertension, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203268509691257242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=4, pageStart=343, pageEnd=348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=朱韵, 葛志祥, 张春旭, journalName=中华高血压杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[朱韵, 葛志祥, 张春旭, 等.改良的心电图Cornell标准在诊断高血压左心室构型改变中的价值[J].中华高血压杂志, 2021, 29(4): 343-348.], articleTitle=改良的心电图Cornell标准在诊断高血压左心室构型改变中的价值, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203268506931405185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, awardId=82001834, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001834), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203268506998514050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, awardId=82001834, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(82001834), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203268502384779583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203268502393168192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, companyId=1203268502384779583, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital/the First Clinical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203268502401556801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, companyId=1203268502384779583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学齐鲁医院/山东大学第一临床学院心内科,山东济南 250012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203268506134487415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=International and Chinese grouping criteria for left ventricular configuration, figureFileSmall=QPDFu+1nAOMvFJoqNhx18g==, figureFileBig=mg9Hq0yrtE94TgH/+4XSNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203268506205790584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=CN, label=图1, caption=左心室构型的国际和中国分组标准

CH. 向心型肥厚;CR. 向心型重构;EH. 离心型肥厚;NG. 正常构型

, figureFileSmall=QPDFu+1nAOMvFJoqNhx18g==, figureFileBig=mg9Hq0yrtE94TgH/+4XSNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203268506289676665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Example of electrocardiograms in patient with hypertension, figureFileSmall=1EVX4g4jpErFY9V79ZGqCw==, figureFileBig=iR5Z/SrUdqGCLdatG7J0Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203268506348396922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=CN, label=图2, caption=高血压患者的心电图示例

高血压患者心电图示,SV1+RV5=3.9 mV,根据Sokolow-Lyon电压标准考虑为左心室肥厚(LVH)

, figureFileSmall=1EVX4g4jpErFY9V79ZGqCw==, figureFileBig=iR5Z/SrUdqGCLdatG7J0Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203268506407117179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of basic data of patients with hypertension grouped according to international criteria and EMINCA criteria($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别年龄(岁)身高(cm)体重(kg)BMI(kg/m2)收缩压(mmHg)舒张压(mmHg)心率(次/min)
国际标准
 NG组(n=58)56.2±11.3165.0±8.472.73±13.6726.59±3.89151.2±14.988.4±10.775.7±10.9
 CR组(n=107)59.0±12.1166.1±6.769.97±11.2925.30±3.53145.6±15.688.2±12.173.6±9.4
 EH组(n=24)57.7±10.6163.0±6.572.33±9.3727.22±3.05149.3±18.683.9±11.467.6±12.8(2)
 CH组(n=39)56.7±8.0164.6±7.876.21±11.88(1)28.04±3.25(1)152.6±18.790.3±13.369.9±9.7(2)
 F0.8961.3862.7556.6412.5011.4424.908
 P0.4440.2480.043<0.010.0600.2310.003
中国EMINCA标准
 NG组(n=105)58.1±11.8165.9±7.671.00±12.1925.72±3.64146.9±15.087.2±10.973.0±9.7
 CR组(n=27)59.7±12.8165.4±6.768.07±12.5224.77±3.56149.8±16.690.9±14.775.9±8.3
 EH组(n=81)56.8±9.8164.3±7.574.52±11.6127.56±3.38(1)(2)149.9±17.688.1±12.271.3±11.8
 CH组(n=15)56.2±10.6166.1±5.872.33±9.8626.27±3.75151.2±20.790.1±12.175.5±11.4
 F0.6060.8192.4476.0190.6810.7931.712
 P0.6120.4840.065<0.010.5640.4990.165
), ArticleFig(id=1203268506482614652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

按照国际标准及中国EMINCA标准分组的高血压患者基本资料比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别年龄(岁)身高(cm)体重(kg)BMI(kg/m2)收缩压(mmHg)舒张压(mmHg)心率(次/min)
国际标准
 NG组(n=58)56.2±11.3165.0±8.472.73±13.6726.59±3.89151.2±14.988.4±10.775.7±10.9
 CR组(n=107)59.0±12.1166.1±6.769.97±11.2925.30±3.53145.6±15.688.2±12.173.6±9.4
 EH组(n=24)57.7±10.6163.0±6.572.33±9.3727.22±3.05149.3±18.683.9±11.467.6±12.8(2)
 CH组(n=39)56.7±8.0164.6±7.876.21±11.88(1)28.04±3.25(1)152.6±18.790.3±13.369.9±9.7(2)
 F0.8961.3862.7556.6412.5011.4424.908
 P0.4440.2480.043<0.010.0600.2310.003
中国EMINCA标准
 NG组(n=105)58.1±11.8165.9±7.671.00±12.1925.72±3.64146.9±15.087.2±10.973.0±9.7
 CR组(n=27)59.7±12.8165.4±6.768.07±12.5224.77±3.56149.8±16.690.9±14.775.9±8.3
 EH组(n=81)56.8±9.8164.3±7.574.52±11.6127.56±3.38(1)(2)149.9±17.688.1±12.271.3±11.8
 CH组(n=15)56.2±10.6166.1±5.872.33±9.8626.27±3.75151.2±20.790.1±12.175.5±11.4
 F0.6060.8192.4476.0190.6810.7931.712
 P0.6120.4840.065<0.010.5640.4990.165
), ArticleFig(id=1203268506558112125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of the configuration distribution between international and EMINCA criteria (n)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中国EMINCA标准国际标准合计
NG组CR组EH组CH组
NG组495600105
CR组0270027
EH组918243081
CH组060915
合计581072439228
), ArticleFig(id=1203268506621026686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

国际标准和中国EMINCA标准构型分布比较(例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中国EMINCA标准国际标准合计
NG组CR组EH组CH组
NG组495600105
CR组0270027
EH组918243081
CH组060915
合计581072439228
), ArticleFig(id=1203268506709107071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Electrocardiogram performance when grouped by international and EMINCA criteria [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心电图分类NG组CR组EH组CH组χ2P
国际标准n=58n=107n=24n=3922.228<0.01
 LVH3(5.2)8(7.5)7(29.2)(1)(2)12(30.8)(1)(2)
 非LVH55(94.8)99(92.5)17(70.8)27(69.2)
EMINCA标准n=105n=27n=81n=1534.763<0.01
 LVH2(1.9)1(3.7)21(25.9)(1)6(40.0)(1)
 非LVH103(98.1)26(96.3)60(74.1)9(60.0)  
), ArticleFig(id=1203268506788798848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228236156938, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

按照国际标准和中国EMINCA标准分组时的心电图表现[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心电图分类NG组CR组EH组CH组χ2P
国际标准n=58n=107n=24n=3922.228<0.01
 LVH3(5.2)8(7.5)7(29.2)(1)(2)12(30.8)(1)(2)
 非LVH55(94.8)99(92.5)17(70.8)27(69.2)
EMINCA标准n=105n=27n=81n=1534.763<0.01
 LVH2(1.9)1(3.7)21(25.9)(1)6(40.0)(1)
 非LVH103(98.1)26(96.3)60(74.1)9(60.0)  
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常规心电图在高血压患者不同构型左心室肥厚诊断中的应用价值
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杨帆 , 李昕昊 , 李萌萌 , 盛媛媛 , 徐铭俊 , 张瑜 , 张澄 , 张运 , 张梅 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(1): 71-77
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(1): 71-77
常规心电图在高血压患者不同构型左心室肥厚诊断中的应用价值
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杨帆, 李昕昊, 李萌萌, 盛媛媛, 徐铭俊, 张瑜, 张澄, 张运, 张梅*
作者信息
  • 山东大学齐鲁医院/山东大学第一临床学院心内科,山东济南 250012
  • 杨帆,医学硕士,主要从事高血压等相关疾病的临床诊治工作

通讯作者:

张梅,E-mail:
Application value of routine electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy with different configurations in patients with hypertension
Fan Yang, Xin-Hao Li, Meng-Meng Li, Yuan-Yuan Sheng, Ming-Jun Xu, Yu Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Yun Zhang, Mei Zhang*
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital/the First Clinical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
出版时间: 2023-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0071
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目的 分析常规心电图在高血压患者不同构型左心室肥厚(LVH)诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集2016年9月-2021年3月于山东大学齐鲁医院就诊的228例原发性高血压患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其超声心动图及心电图结果。按照2018欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)/欧洲高血压学会(ESH)标准进行左心室Ganau分型划分,将患者分成正常构型(NG)组(n=58)、向心型重构组(CR)组(n=107)、离心型肥厚(EH)组(n=24)、向心型肥厚(CH)组(n=39);所有患者再按照中国汉族正常成年人超声心动图测量值研究(EMINCA)标准分为NG组(n=105)、CR组(n=27)、EH组(n=81)、CH组(n=15)。比较按照不同标准划分左心室构型结果的一致性,并分析心电图对不同左心室构型的诊断价值及组间差异。结果 按照2018 ESC/ESH标准和EMINCA标准对左心室构型类型的划分结果存在明显差异(P<0.01),一致性较差(Kappa=0.330,P<0.01)。按照2018 ESC/ESH标准分型,心电图诊断LVH在NG、CR、EH、CH各组中的阳性率分别为5.2%、7.5%、29.2%、30.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且EH组或CH组的阳性率明显高于NG组或CR组(P<0.0083)。心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为30.2%,特异度为93.3%。按照中国EMINCA标准分型,心电图诊断LVH在NG组、CR组、EH组、CH组的阳性率分别为1.9%、3.7%、25.9%、40.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且EH组、CH组的阳性率均明显高于NG组(P<0.0083),心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为28.1%,特异度为97.7%。结论 2018 ESC/ESH标准和EMINCA标准对左心室构型的划分存在明显差异。心电图在两种不同标准中对LVH的诊断敏感度低,特异度较高。

高血压  /  左心室构型  /  心电图  /  超声心动图

Objective To explore the application value of routine electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients using different configuration diagnostic criteria. Methods The clinical data were collected of 228 patients with essential hypertension treated in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from September 2016 to March 2021, and the results of echocardiography and electrocardiogram were retrospectively analyzed. Ganau classification of left ventricle was done according to 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) criteria. The patients were divided into normal configuration (NG, n=58) group, concentric remodeling (CR, n=107) group, eccentric hypertrophy (EH, n=24) group and concentric hypertrophy (CH, n=39) group. The classification was done again according to the Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults (EMINCA) criteria, patients were divided into NG group (n=105), CR group (n=27), EH group (n=81) and CH group (n=15). The consistency of the results of left ventricular configuration classification according to different criteria was compared, and the diagnostic value of ECG in different left ventricular configuration and the difference between groups were analyzed. Results The results of configuration classified according to the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria and EMINCA criteria had statistical difference (P<0.01), and the consistency was poor (Kappa=0.330, P<0.01). According to the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria, the positive rate of ECG in NG group, CR group, EH group and CH group were 5.2%, 7.5%, 29.2%, and 30.8%, respectively. The differences among groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The positive rate of EH group or CH group was significantly higher than that in NG group or CR group (P<0.0083). The sensitivity and specificity of ECG in diagnosing LVH were 30.2% and 93.3%, respectively. According to the EMINCA criteria, the positive rate of ECG in diagnosing LVH in NG group, CR group, EH group and CH group were 1.9%, 3.7%, 25.9%, and 40.0% respectively. The differences among groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The positive rate in EH and CH group was significantly higher than that in in NG group (P<0.0083). The sensitivity and specificity of ECG in diagnosing LVH were 28.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions 2018 ESC/ESH criteria and EMINCA criteria showed a significant difference in classification of left ventricular configuration. In the two different criteria, ECG has low sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of LVH.

hypertension  /  left ventricular configuration  /  electrocardiogram  /  echocardiography
杨帆, 李昕昊, 李萌萌, 盛媛媛, 徐铭俊, 张瑜, 张澄, 张运, 张梅. 常规心电图在高血压患者不同构型左心室肥厚诊断中的应用价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (1) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0071
Fan Yang, Xin-Hao Li, Meng-Meng Li, Yuan-Yuan Sheng, Ming-Jun Xu, Yu Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Yun Zhang, Mei Zhang. Application value of routine electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy with different configurations in patients with hypertension[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (1) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0071
高血压是发生心血管事件的主要危险因素,其中发生左心室重构者较未发生左心室重构者预后差,不同左心室构型的患者其预后亦不同[1]。研究表明,左心室向心型肥厚(concentric hypertrophic,CH)的高血压患者预后最差,其次是离心型肥厚(eccentric hypertrophy,EH)、向心型重构(concentric remodeling,CR)和正常构型(normal configuration,NG)[2]。若早期确诊并得到治疗,部分患者左心室重构可得到延缓或逆转,从而使心血管事件的发生率降低,其中常用的检测方法包括心电图和超声心动图。心电图操作简单、价格低廉,是左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)筛查的首选工具;超声心动图敏感性优于心电图,是诊断LVH的主要方法,其中左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)是其主要指标。中国汉族正常成年人超声心动图测量值研究(Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults,EMINCA)发现,中国人群与西方人群的超声心动图常规指标正常参考值存在一定差异[3-4]。有研究根据中国汉族人群超声心动图正常值对2015美国超声心动图学会(American Society of Echocardiography,ASE)/欧洲协会心血管影像协会(European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging,EACVI)推荐标准进行校正后得到中国左心室重构的参考标准,且与2015 ASE/EACVI推荐标准进行比较,发现两种标准在评价左心室构型时结果存在差异[5]。最新的2018欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)/欧洲高血压学会(European Society of Hypertension,ESH)高血压管理指南提出应用身高校正左心室质量(left ventricular mass,LVM)得到LVMI,从而定义左心室重构[6]。本课题组前期研究已证实根据中国和国际标准评价左心室构型结果存在差异,依照中国标准可能会更准确地体现中国高血压人群实际的左心室构型变化情况[7]。因此,本研究根据国际标准和中国EMINCA标准对高血压患者进行左心室构型分组,进一步探究高血压患者心电图提示LVH与超声心动图不同左心室构型的关系,旨在探讨心电图在高血压患者不同构型LVH诊断中的应用价值。
收集2016年9月-2021年3月于山东大学齐鲁医院就诊的228例原发性高血压患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中女116例,男112例,年龄21~87(58±11)岁。依据《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》中的原发性高血压诊断标准[8]进行诊断:(1)未应用降压药物且非同日3次血压测量收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)≥90 mmHg;(2)有高血压病病史使用降压药物控制血压者。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁的高血压患者;(2)自愿参加本研究。排除标准:心肌病、心脏瓣膜病、风湿性心脏病、先天性心脏病、心力衰竭、心律失常、冠心病及糖尿病患者,合并肺气肿、心包积液、胸腔积液、气胸等影响心电图电压疾病的患者。本研究获山东大学齐鲁医院伦理委员会审批(KYLL-202011-009),且所有患者均签署知情同意书。
采集患者年龄、性别、身高、体重、血压、心率等基本资料。血压测量方法:患者安静休息至少5 min,应用上臂式医用电子血压计测量患者坐位血压,间隔1~2 min重复测量,取平均值作为患者血压值。若收缩压或舒张压的两次读数相差5 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)以上,则再次测量,取3次读数的平均值;测量血压的同时测定心率[8]。体重指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)2
采用Hitachi Aloka Prosound F75型彩色多普勒超声仪和Phillips Epiq 7C彩色多普勒超声仪,按照《欧洲心血管成像协会的现行指南》[9]采集患者胸骨旁左心室长轴切面等标准切面动态图像,存储连续3~5个心动周期的动态图像。测量患者左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVDd)、室间隔厚度(ventricular septal thickness,IVSd)及左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness,PWTd),计算LVM、LVMI及相对室壁厚度(relative wall thickness,RWT)。公式为:LVM=0.8×1.04[(LVDd+IVSd+PWTd)3-LVDd3]+0.6;LVMI=LVM/身高2.7;RWT=(2×PWTd)/LVDd。
根据EMINCA研究数据[3],重新定义LVMI和RWT的异常阈值,通过身高进行校正,计算中国成人左心室重构参考值范围上限并进行分析:NG组,LVMI≤46 g/m2.7且RWT≤0.51(男)或RWT≤0.49(女);CR、EH、CH组根据Ganau分型[10]进一步判断。同时,根据国际标准[6]进行构型分析:NG组,LVMI≤50 g/m2.7(男)或LVMI≤47 g/m2.7(女)且RWT≤0.42;CR、EH、CH组根据Ganau分型进一步判断。具体见图1
患者安静休息5 min,取平卧位,采集标准十二导联体表心电图,标准电压10 mm/mV,走纸速度25 mm/s,图像稳定后开始记录,保存10 s的心电波形,计算平均值。按照中国高血压合并LVH诊治专家共识,以下标准一项阳性即诊断为心电图LVH:(1) SV1+RV5>3.5 mV(Sokolow-Lyon电压标准);(2) RaVL≥1.1 mV;(3) Cornell电压-时间乘积>244 mV*ms;(4) Cornell电压指数>2.8 mV(男),>2.0 mV(女)[11]。同时将Peguero等[12]、蒋雪丽等[13]提出的改良心电图Cornell标准(即SD+SV4指标)纳入LVH诊断标准中,计算方法为:所有12导联中最大的S波振幅+V4导联的S波振幅≥2.8 mV(男性)或≥2.3 mV(女性)。以上标准任一项阳性即诊断为心电图LVH(图2)。
比较按照国际和中国标准分组的各组高血压患者间年龄、身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压、心率等基线资料有无差异并评估两种标准的一致性;计算各组心电图诊断LVH的阳性率差异;分析按照不同标准采用心电图诊断LVH的诊断效能。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料满足正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,若满足方差齐性,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法。计数资料以例(%)表示,R×R配对列联表配对资料采用Bowker检验,计算Kappa值以评价一致性大小;多组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;当差异有统计学意义时,继续采用χ2分割进行两两比较,1≤期望频数<5时,采用χ2检验的连续性校正,检验水准α'设为0.0083。计算敏感度、特异度、约登指数等参数评价心电图的诊断效能。
按照国际标准分组时,CH组体重、BMI明显高于CR组(P<0.05),CH组或EH组心率明显低于NG组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异均无统计学意义。按照中国EMINCA标准分组时,与CR组或NG组比较,EH组BMI更高(P<0.05),其余各组间基本资料差异均无统计学意义(表1)。
分别按照超声心动图国际标准和中国EMINCA标准进行高血压左心室重构分组,Bowker检验结果显示,两种标准所得左心室构型分布结果差异有统计学意义(χ2=119.000,P<0.01),两种标准一致性较差(Kappa=0.330,P<0.01,表2)。
按照国际标准分型,NG组、CR组、EH组、CH组心电图诊断LVH的阳性率分别为5.2%、7.5%、29.2%、30.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中,EH组或CH组的阳性率高于NG组或CR组(P<0.0083,校正后的检验水准α'=0.05/6=0.0083),其余各组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.0083)(表3)。按照中国EMINCA标准分型,心电图诊断LVH在NG组、CR组、EH组、CH组的阳性率分别为1.9%、3.7%、25.9%、40.0%,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中,EH组和CH组的阳性率均高于NG组(P<0.0083),其余各组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.0083)(表3)。
以超声作为诊断LVH的金标准:按照国际标准,心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为30.2%,特异度为93.3%,约登指数为23.5%。按照中国EMINCA标准,心电图诊断LVH的敏感度为28.1%,特异度为97.7%,约登指数为25.8%。
高血压控制不佳,心脏长期处于高压状态会导致心肌细胞代偿性肥大、增粗,并最终导致射血功能障碍甚至心力衰竭[14-15]。高血压患者左心室重构与心血管事件的发生密切相关。左心室构型的诊断标准有多种,最新的国际标准是2018年ESC高血压管理指南提出的应用身高对LVM进行校正的方法[6]。国际指南数据大多来自欧美人群,中国人群在体型等方面与欧美人存在差异,超声心动图参考范围也与欧美人群存在差异,简单应用国际标准对中国人群进行分组的研究可能不够准确。因此,我国EMINCA研究[3]提出了中国汉族正常成年人的超声心动图指标正常参考范围,且已有研究应用体表面积对LVMI进行校正,得到左心室构型的中国EMINCA标准,发现中国EMINCA标准与国际标准的构成存在一定差异[5]。本研究分别按照2018最新国际标准和中国EMINCA标准进行左心室构型分组,发现两种方法对左心室重构类型的诊断一致性较差。为此我们进一步分别研究了最新国际标准和中国EMINCA标准与心电图表现的关系。
心电图诊断LVH主要依靠心室肥厚时产生的电压变化,心电图左心室面电压的高低与左心室心肌细胞的数量和质量呈正比,但电压受其他因素的影响较大,并非完全由心肌的数量和质量决定,导致心电图的诊断敏感度较低[16]。CH和EH组心肌的数量和质量明显增加,当其他影响因素较小时,心电图可有高电压的表现,而CR组主要表现为相对室壁厚度增加,而无明显心肌质量变化,因此心电图无法敏感识别。CH和EH同时也是预后较差的两种构型。目前,临床上评估心电图LVH的常用诊断标准为Sokolow-Lyon电压标准和Cornell标准,而近年来Peguero等[12]提出的改良心电图Cornell标准在加入新的诊断指标(即SD+SV4指标)后可提高诊断阳性率,且有研究进一步发现该指标还与左心室构型的严重程度相关[17]
本研究发现,无论按照国际标准还是中国EMINCA标准,心电图在EH和CH组的诊断阳性率均明显高于NG组,而EH组与CH组、NG组与CR组间差异均无统计学意义,提示心电图对诊断LVH有一定价值,但对左心室不同构型的诊断价值较超声心动图差,尤其对CR的检出率较低,在CR的诊断中无明显价值。常规诊断标准联合改良的Cornell标准后,心电图诊断LVH的敏感度在国际标准中为30.2%,在中国EMINCA标准中为28.1%。虽然心电图的检出率仍较低,但具有较高的特异度,因而在LVH的筛查中仍具有一定价值。
心电图由于具有价格低廉、操作简便及应用广泛的特点而成为LVH的首选筛查手段。心肌肥厚改变则可影响心肌的除极和复极过程。肥厚的心室除极面增大,室内激动传导时间延长,可出现复极改变及心室轴的变化,这些心电改变为诊断心室肥厚提供了重要的参考依据,甚至可粗略地推测心室肥厚的程度。值得注意的是,这些异常心电改变除反映心脏肥厚本身的变化外,还与心室内压力、大血管阻力、心肌纤维化、心室扩张的程度、心脏的异常转位、心脏与胸壁的解剖关系、肥胖及呼吸系统相关疾病等诸多因素有关。这些因素限制了心电图对LVH的诊断能力,导致心电图对LVH的诊断敏感度降低,但本研究发现心电图诊断LVH的特异度相对较高,提示心电图对确定非LVH仍有一定的临床意义。超声心动图作为诊断LVH的主要方法已成为国际共识。对于心电图有LVH表现、提示存在LVH可能的患者,应行超声心动图检查进一步明确。两种诊断方法各有利弊,应相互结合,各取所长,综合分析。特别需要强调的是,超声心动图对左心室重构的诊断更具临床价值,对于有条件的医院,应当首选超声心动图进行左心室重构的评估。
本研究按照国际标准和中国EMINCA标准进行高血压左心室重构分组,结果发现左心室构型分布存在差异,主要原因是我国健康成人的左心室和左心房正常值明显小于欧美人群,如采用国际指南的诊断标准会严重高估我国高血压患者的病情,从而导致逆转心脏重构的过度治疗。由于心室、心房重构的正确诊断对高血压患者的预后预测和治疗决策至关重要,因此,只有基于各自种族对应的参考标准才能更好地指导临床工作。
综上所述,本研究分别根据最新的国际标准和中国EMINCA标准进行体表心电图表现的分析,证实了心电图在LVH诊断中的价值。同时,按照不同标准进行高血压左心室重构分组发现左心室构型分布结果存在差异,进一步提示中国人群应使用EMINCA标准判别左心室构型。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性:中国成人高血压左心室构型的分型标准仍需要大规模的临床研究证实;心电图诊断LVH仍然使用的是国际通用标准,而不是针对中国人的标准。后续研究可建立中国的心电图正常参考值范围及LVH诊断标准,并进一步探讨是否可将中国的心电图标准与EMINCA超声标准结合起来判断中国人群是否存在LVH及具体的心室构型。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82001834)
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2023年第48卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0071
  • 接收时间:2022-04-25
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-25
  • 录用日期:2022-09-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001834)
国家自然科学基金(82001834)
作者信息
    山东大学齐鲁医院/山东大学第一临床学院心内科,山东济南 250012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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