Article(id=1203061228219379721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1640707200000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1644076800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-06, onlineDate=1764761748598, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1674835200000, pubDateStr=2023-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764761748598, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764761748598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764761748598, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203061212524290053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764761744816, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764763211166, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203067362732913658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203061212524290053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=41, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203061229976793112, articleId=1203061228219379721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Function and mechanism of Yes-associated protein in regulating the activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts cultured with high glucose, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yes-associated protein (YAP) on rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFs) proliferation and transdifferentiation induced by high glucose. Methods The CFs cells were isolated and cultured of newborn SD rats aged 1-3 days, then treated with 40 mmol/L D-glucose for concentration of diabetes cardiomyopathy model(DCM), and the relative expression levels were detected with Western blotting of YAP, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagenⅠ, collagen Ⅲ and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), respectively, at the time points 24 hours. The CFs cells were divided into normal glucose (NG) control group (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose), high glucose (HG) group (40.0 mmol/L D-glucose), normal glucose +0.5 μmol/L verteporfin (NG+VP) group and high glucose + 0.5 μmol/L verteporfin (HG+VP) group. Verteporfin is an inhibitor of YAP, which blockades the interaction between YAP and TEAD. Immunofluorescence of vimentin was used to identify CFs. Immunofluorescence of Ki-67 was used to detect the proliferation activities of CFs in various groups. Western blotting was performed to detect the levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ, YAP and CTGF proteins in CFs of various groups. Results The positive result of vimentin immunofluorescence prompted that the primary cultured cells were rat's CFs. Immunofluorescence of Ki-67 showed that, the positive rate (%) of Ki-67 in CFs was obviously higher in HG group than in NG group (67.33±5.14 vs. 22.94±4.88, P<0.05); After treatment with VP, the positive rate (%) of Ki-67 in CFs decreased markedly (46.83±3.86 vs. 67.33±5.14, P<0.05). Western blotting showed that, compared with NG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagenⅠ and collagen Ⅲ in CFs increased significantly in HG group (1.43±0.98 vs. 0.93±0.06, 1.80±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.09, 1.43±0.09 vs. 0.88±0.10, P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of VAP and CTGF protein also increased (1.93±0.15 vs. 1.17±0.09, 1.80±0.18 vs. 1.23±0.16, P<0.05). Compared with the HG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen Ⅲand CTGF proteins decreased significantly in HG+VP group (1.27±0.06 vs. 1.71±0.12, 2.05±0.23 vs. 3.03±0.17, 1.10±0.12 vs. 1.82±0.18, 1.31±0.16 vs. 1.57±0.03, P<0.05), while compared with NG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and CTGF proteins were higher in HG+VP group (P<0.05). Conclusion High glucose promotes the proliferation and activation of neonatal rats CFs and excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen by regulating the YAP/TEAD/CTGF signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Shuang Li, Da-Chun Yang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Li Shuang, E-mail:
Yang Da-Chun, E-mail:
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目的 探究Yes相关蛋白(YAP)对高糖诱导的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖和转分化的影响及其作用机制。方法 分离培养1~3日龄SD大鼠CFs,用40.0 mmol/L葡萄糖诱导CFs,构建糖尿病心肌病(DCM)细胞模型,24 h后检测细胞YAP、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅲ)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的表达水平。取原代大鼠CFs,分别设置正常糖(5.5 mmol/L D-Glucose,NG)组、高糖(40.0 mmol/L D-Glucose,HG)组、NG+维替泊芬(NG+VP)组、HG+VP组。VP为YAP抑制剂,剂量为0.5 μmol/L。各组处理CFs 24 h后,采用波形蛋白免疫荧光法鉴定CFs,Ki-67免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞增殖情况,Western blotting 检测各组YAP、α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、collagenⅢ、CTGF蛋白表达水平。结果 免疫荧光法鉴定波形蛋白阳性,提示原代培养的细胞为大鼠CFs。Ki-67免疫荧光检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组CFs的Ki-67阳性率(%)明显升高(67.33±5.14 vs. 22.94±4.88,P<0.05);YAP抑制剂VP处理后,CFs的Ki-67阳性率(%)降低(46.83±3.86 vs. 67.33±5.14,P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组高糖干预24 h后,CFs中α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、collagen Ⅲ的相对表达水平均明显升高(1.43±0.98 vs. 0.93±0.06,1.80±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.09,1.43±0.09 vs. 0.88±0.10,P<0.05),YAP和CTGF蛋白相对表达水平也升高(1.93±0.15 vs. 1.17±0.09,1.80±0.18 vs. 1.23±0.16,P<0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VP组的α-SMA、collagen I、collagen Ⅲ、CTGF蛋白相对表达水平均明显降低(1.27±0.06 vs. 1.71±0.12,2.05±0.23 vs. 3.03±0.17,1.10±0.12 vs. 1.82±0.18,1.31±0.16 vs. 1.57±0.03,P<0.05);与NG组比较,HG+VP组中α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、CTGF蛋白相对表达水平均较高(P<0.05)。结论 高糖可刺激SD大鼠乳鼠CFs增殖及活化,合成过多的胶原蛋白等细胞外基质,其作用机制可能与YAP/TEAD/CTGF传导通路有关。

, correspAuthors=李霜, 杨大春, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李霜,E-mail:
杨大春,E-mail:
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彭文艺,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病心肌病分子机制的基础与临床研究

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彭文艺,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病心肌病分子机制的基础与临床研究

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彭文艺,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病心肌病分子机制的基础与临床研究

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Vimentin. 波形蛋白;A. 倒置显微镜下的细胞形态(n=3);B. 免疫荧光鉴定细胞质波形蛋白阳性(n=5)

, figureFileSmall=J2uPpQV+/1KrmBB4ahzsjA==, figureFileBig=iUPvzPJLnfcHzP72IKIL7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061244673634899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of high glucose on the proliferation, differentiation and collagen expression level of rat's CFs, figureFileSmall=KdvY+wE2e0ucZdG+tDFu+w==, figureFileBig=Ul61xR6HZtHt+vLwzQLqqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061244770103900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=CN, label=图2, caption=高糖对大鼠CFs的增殖、分化及胶原蛋白表达水平的影响

CFs. 心脏成纤维细胞;α-SMA. α平滑肌肌动蛋白;Col Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;Col Ⅲ. Ⅲ型胶原蛋白;NG组. 正常糖组;HG组. 高糖组;A. 不同浓度葡萄糖对大鼠CFs增殖的影响(n=4);B. α-SMA相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=3);C. Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=3);与5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖组比较,(1)P<0.05;与NG组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=KdvY+wE2e0ucZdG+tDFu+w==, figureFileBig=Ul61xR6HZtHt+vLwzQLqqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061244853989985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of high glucose on the expression levels of YAP and CTGF proteins of rat's CFs, figureFileSmall=plK/Cgz/6+NbnSVnaRmKqA==, figureFileBig=Fc7ji+rk3sJbLRqq9WV1ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061244954653290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=CN, label=图3, caption=高糖对大鼠CFs中YAP及CTGF蛋白表达水平的影响

CFs. 心脏成纤维细胞;YAP. Yes相关蛋白;CTGF. 结缔组织生长因子;NG组. 正常糖组;HG组. 高糖组;A. YAP蛋白相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=3);B. CTGF蛋白相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=4);与NG组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=plK/Cgz/6+NbnSVnaRmKqA==, figureFileBig=Fc7ji+rk3sJbLRqq9WV1ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061245067899507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of verteporfin on the proliferation, differentiation and expression level of collagen proteins of rat's CFs induced by high glucose, figureFileSmall=XVJysq5KUIDnuWuD7pIZKw==, figureFileBig=Jm753BAWV3wNgyy76loIVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061245168562812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=CN, label=图4, caption=VP对高糖诱导的大鼠CFs增殖、分化及胶原蛋白表达水平的影响

VP. YAP抑制剂维替泊芬;CFs. 心脏成纤维细胞;α-SMA. α平滑肌肌动蛋白;Col Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;Col Ⅲ. Ⅲ型胶原蛋白;NG组. 正常糖组;NG+VP组. 正常糖+VP组;HG组. 高糖组;HG+VP组. 高糖+ VP组;A. Ki-67阳性率(免疫荧光,n=6);B. α-SMA相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=4);C. Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ相对表达水平(Western blotting,n=3);与NG组比较,(1)P<0.05;与HG组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=XVJysq5KUIDnuWuD7pIZKw==, figureFileBig=Jm753BAWV3wNgyy76loIVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061245369889417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effect of verteporfin on the expression level of CTGF protein of rat's CFs induced by high glucose(Western blotting, n=4), figureFileSmall=awFOADGRF420laXkBIJeFA==, figureFileBig=AEaKXQyCK0pX/Lfn3qmxcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203061245768348307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203061228219379721, language=CN, label=图5, caption=VP对高糖诱导的大鼠CFs中CTGF蛋白表达的影响(Western blotting,n=4)

VP. YAP抑制剂维替泊芬;CFs. 心脏成纤维细胞;CTGF. 结缔组织生长因子;NG组. 正常糖组;NG+VP组. 正常糖+VP组;HG组.高糖组;HG+VP组. 高糖+ VP组;与NG组比较,(1)P<0.05;与HG组比较,(2)P<0.05

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YAP对高糖培养大鼠心脏成纤维细胞活化作用的影响及其机制
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彭文艺 1, 2 , 周喆 1 , 王德琼 1 , 巨灵翎 1 , 张黎 1 , 孙雄山 2 , 李霜 1, 2, * , 杨大春 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(1): 34-41
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(1): 34-41
YAP对高糖培养大鼠心脏成纤维细胞活化作用的影响及其机制
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彭文艺1, 2, 周喆1, 王德琼1, 巨灵翎1, 张黎1, 孙雄山2, 李霜1, 2, * , 杨大春1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610083
  • 2解放军西部战区总医院心血管内科,四川成都 610083
  • 彭文艺,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病心肌病分子机制的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

李霜,E-mail:
杨大春,E-mail:
Function and mechanism of Yes-associated protein in regulating the activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts cultured with high glucose
Wen-Yi Peng1, 2, Zhe Zhou1, De-Qiong Wang1, Ling-Ling Ju1, Li Zhang1, Xiong-Shan Sun2, Shuang Li1, 2, * , Da-Chun Yang1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 2Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
出版时间: 2023-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0034
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目的 探究Yes相关蛋白(YAP)对高糖诱导的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖和转分化的影响及其作用机制。方法 分离培养1~3日龄SD大鼠CFs,用40.0 mmol/L葡萄糖诱导CFs,构建糖尿病心肌病(DCM)细胞模型,24 h后检测细胞YAP、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅲ)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的表达水平。取原代大鼠CFs,分别设置正常糖(5.5 mmol/L D-Glucose,NG)组、高糖(40.0 mmol/L D-Glucose,HG)组、NG+维替泊芬(NG+VP)组、HG+VP组。VP为YAP抑制剂,剂量为0.5 μmol/L。各组处理CFs 24 h后,采用波形蛋白免疫荧光法鉴定CFs,Ki-67免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞增殖情况,Western blotting 检测各组YAP、α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、collagenⅢ、CTGF蛋白表达水平。结果 免疫荧光法鉴定波形蛋白阳性,提示原代培养的细胞为大鼠CFs。Ki-67免疫荧光检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组CFs的Ki-67阳性率(%)明显升高(67.33±5.14 vs. 22.94±4.88,P<0.05);YAP抑制剂VP处理后,CFs的Ki-67阳性率(%)降低(46.83±3.86 vs. 67.33±5.14,P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组高糖干预24 h后,CFs中α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、collagen Ⅲ的相对表达水平均明显升高(1.43±0.98 vs. 0.93±0.06,1.80±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.09,1.43±0.09 vs. 0.88±0.10,P<0.05),YAP和CTGF蛋白相对表达水平也升高(1.93±0.15 vs. 1.17±0.09,1.80±0.18 vs. 1.23±0.16,P<0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VP组的α-SMA、collagen I、collagen Ⅲ、CTGF蛋白相对表达水平均明显降低(1.27±0.06 vs. 1.71±0.12,2.05±0.23 vs. 3.03±0.17,1.10±0.12 vs. 1.82±0.18,1.31±0.16 vs. 1.57±0.03,P<0.05);与NG组比较,HG+VP组中α-SMA、collagen Ⅰ、CTGF蛋白相对表达水平均较高(P<0.05)。结论 高糖可刺激SD大鼠乳鼠CFs增殖及活化,合成过多的胶原蛋白等细胞外基质,其作用机制可能与YAP/TEAD/CTGF传导通路有关。

Yes相关蛋白  /  糖尿病心肌病  /  心脏成纤维细胞  /  心肌成纤维细胞

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yes-associated protein (YAP) on rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFs) proliferation and transdifferentiation induced by high glucose. Methods The CFs cells were isolated and cultured of newborn SD rats aged 1-3 days, then treated with 40 mmol/L D-glucose for concentration of diabetes cardiomyopathy model(DCM), and the relative expression levels were detected with Western blotting of YAP, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagenⅠ, collagen Ⅲ and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), respectively, at the time points 24 hours. The CFs cells were divided into normal glucose (NG) control group (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose), high glucose (HG) group (40.0 mmol/L D-glucose), normal glucose +0.5 μmol/L verteporfin (NG+VP) group and high glucose + 0.5 μmol/L verteporfin (HG+VP) group. Verteporfin is an inhibitor of YAP, which blockades the interaction between YAP and TEAD. Immunofluorescence of vimentin was used to identify CFs. Immunofluorescence of Ki-67 was used to detect the proliferation activities of CFs in various groups. Western blotting was performed to detect the levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ, YAP and CTGF proteins in CFs of various groups. Results The positive result of vimentin immunofluorescence prompted that the primary cultured cells were rat's CFs. Immunofluorescence of Ki-67 showed that, the positive rate (%) of Ki-67 in CFs was obviously higher in HG group than in NG group (67.33±5.14 vs. 22.94±4.88, P<0.05); After treatment with VP, the positive rate (%) of Ki-67 in CFs decreased markedly (46.83±3.86 vs. 67.33±5.14, P<0.05). Western blotting showed that, compared with NG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagenⅠ and collagen Ⅲ in CFs increased significantly in HG group (1.43±0.98 vs. 0.93±0.06, 1.80±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.09, 1.43±0.09 vs. 0.88±0.10, P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of VAP and CTGF protein also increased (1.93±0.15 vs. 1.17±0.09, 1.80±0.18 vs. 1.23±0.16, P<0.05). Compared with the HG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen Ⅲand CTGF proteins decreased significantly in HG+VP group (1.27±0.06 vs. 1.71±0.12, 2.05±0.23 vs. 3.03±0.17, 1.10±0.12 vs. 1.82±0.18, 1.31±0.16 vs. 1.57±0.03, P<0.05), while compared with NG group, the relative expression levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and CTGF proteins were higher in HG+VP group (P<0.05). Conclusion High glucose promotes the proliferation and activation of neonatal rats CFs and excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen by regulating the YAP/TEAD/CTGF signaling pathway.

Yes-associated protein  /  diabetic cardiomyopathy  /  cardiac fibroblasts  /  cardiac myofibroblasts
彭文艺, 周喆, 王德琼, 巨灵翎, 张黎, 孙雄山, 李霜, 杨大春. YAP对高糖培养大鼠心脏成纤维细胞活化作用的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (1) : 34 -41 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0034
Wen-Yi Peng, Zhe Zhou, De-Qiong Wang, Ling-Ling Ju, Li Zhang, Xiong-Shan Sun, Shuang Li, Da-Chun Yang. Function and mechanism of Yes-associated protein in regulating the activation of rat cardiac fibroblasts cultured with high glucose[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (1) : 34 -41 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0034
糖尿病心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy,DCM)是指糖尿病患者在没有其他引起心肌病变疾病的情况下心肌结构和功能发生改变,其主要病理特征为心肌肥大、间质纤维化、心脏小血管基底膜增厚等[1-2]。研究显示,糖尿病病理刺激下的心脏成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts,CFs)可发生增殖并向心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac myofibroblasts,CMFs)转分化,分泌过多的细胞外基质蛋白促进心脏纤维化,后者是造成糖尿病心力衰竭的主要原因之一[3]。然而,目前DCM心脏纤维化发生发展的机制尚未明确,也无有效的抗纤维化治疗策略。因此,有必要研究糖尿病高血糖状态下CFs活化及胶原分泌的机制与防范措施。近年研究显示,Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein,YAP)在不同的心血管疾病中均可出现表达变化[4],提示YAP可能参与了多种心血管疾病的发病机制。有研究报告,YAP可通过调控成纤维细胞活动而参与肺、肾和肝脏等多种器官与组织的纤维化过程[5];在糖尿病大鼠CFs中,YAP可经PRR-AMPK或MALAT1/CREB[6]等信号通路上调,从而促进心脏纤维化,提示YAP与CFs活化密切相关,但YAP调控CFs活化的具体机制尚不清楚[7-8]。本研究在前期研究的基础上,在细胞水平采用高浓度葡萄糖体外模拟糖尿病高血糖状态,培养SD大鼠乳鼠CFs,探究糖尿病CFs中YAP的作用及其相关机制,旨在进一步揭示DCM心脏纤维化的发生发展机制。
SD大鼠120只,1~3日龄,体重5~6 g,购于空军军医大学实验动物中心[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(陕)2019-001]。本研究获得西南交通大学医学院实验动物伦理委员会审批(2021EC4-87),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物管理和使用的规定。
DMEM(低糖)培养基、胎牛血清(FBS)、胰蛋白酶、青霉素-链霉素溶液和磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)购自美国HyClone公司;细胞培养瓶购自美国Corning公司;胶原酶购自美国Sigma公司;RIPA裂解液和BCA蛋白定量试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术研究所;兔抗波形蛋白(Vimentin)单克隆抗体、兔抗Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅰ,Col Ⅰ)多克隆抗体、兔抗Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅲ,ColⅢ)多克隆抗体、兔抗α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)多克隆抗体、兔抗β微管蛋白(β-tubulin)多克隆抗体等购自美国Abcam公司;小鼠抗甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)单克隆抗体购自美国Proteintech公司;兔抗YAP单克隆抗体、兔抗Ki-67单克隆抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Techonology公司;兔抗结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)多克隆抗体购自江苏Affinity Biosciences公司;辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗兔IgG、HRP标记的山羊抗兔小鼠IgG、山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)Cy3标记的二抗以及山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)FITC标记的荧光二抗购自西安壮志生物科技有限公司;DAPI染色液购自美国博士德生物工程有限公司;YAP抑制剂维替泊芬(verteporfin,VP)购自美国MCE公司。细胞培养孵箱购自美国Thermo公司;全自动酶标仪购自美国Tecan公司;Western blotting电泳仪和ChemiDoc MP凝胶成像分析系统购自美国Bio-Rad公司。
选取1~3日龄SD大鼠,在无菌条件下剪取心脏放入预冷的PBS,撕去心房、血管后漂洗3次,吸出液体,而后转移至安瓿瓶培养皿内。向培养瓶内加入约3 ml的0.2%Ⅰ型胶原酶(现配现用),将心脏组织用眼科剪剪成1~2 mm3的组织碎块,37 ℃孵箱内消化5 min后,收集上清液于提前配好的完全DMEM培养基(含10%FBS)内,而后继续加入约3 ml的0.2% Ⅰ型胶原酶于瓶内,重复上述步骤7或8次,直至瓶内无明显组织碎块。将收集的细胞悬液离心5 min(1200 r/min),弃上清液。加入低糖DMEM培养液(含10% FBS)重悬细胞,移至培养皿后,放入37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱内孵育60 min,采用差速贴壁法去除未贴壁的细胞,待细胞生长近融合状态时按1:2消化传代,依据培养细胞的形态和免疫学表型(vimentin) 确定是否为CFs。实验采用2~4代细胞。
取对数生长期大鼠CFs,经胰酶消化、传代后,接种于96孔板(2×103/孔)正常过夜,分别设5.5 mmol/L、25.0 mmol/L、33.0 mmol/L、40.0 mmol/L、50.0 mmol/L葡萄糖组,每组6个复孔,次日晨施予相应葡萄糖浓度干预,培养24 h;每孔加入10 μl CCK-8 溶液孵育3 h;采用酶标仪测定各孔450 nm 波长处的吸光度(OD450)值,每组去除最高值和最低值后进行分析。
在6孔板中放入爬片,加入细胞悬液,将细胞分为正常糖(NG)组、正常糖+维替泊芬(NG+VP)组、高糖(HG)组、高糖+维替泊芬(HG+VP)组。正常糖组葡萄糖浓度为5.5 mmol/L,高糖组葡萄糖浓度为40.0 mmol/L;YAP抑制剂维替泊芬(VP)浓度均为0.5 μmol/L。处理24 h后采用Ki-67免疫荧光染色检测细胞增殖情况,Western blotting 检测细胞YAP、α-SMA、Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ和CTGF蛋白含量。
各组细胞干预完成后倒掉培养液,用PBS洗爬片3次,4%多聚甲醛室温固定15 min,PBS洗3次,0.2%Triton X-100室温通透15 min,PBS洗3次,吸水纸吸干余液;山羊血清室温封闭30~60 min,吸水纸吸掉封闭液,每孔滴加足量的Ⅰ抗(兔抗Ki-67单克隆抗体,1:200)并放入湿盒中4 ℃过夜。次日PS 洗涤3次,滴加稀释好的荧光Ⅱ抗[山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)Cy3标记的二抗,1:400];此后开始全程避光,室温37 ℃孵育1 h,滴加DAPI染色5 min,PBS洗3次,吸水纸吸干液体后用含抗荧光淬灭剂的封片液封片,在荧光显微镜下采集图像。
各组提取蛋白后测定蛋白浓度,取20~40 μg蛋白样品行电泳,然后转至PVDF 膜上,5%脱脂奶粉或胎牛血清中室温封闭1 h。加入相应Ⅰ抗(兔抗α-SMA多克隆抗体,1:10 000;兔抗Col Ⅰ多克隆抗体、兔抗Col Ⅲ多克隆抗体、兔抗YAP单克隆抗体,1:1000),4 ℃过夜孵育。次日TBST缓冲液洗膜后再用二抗(HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG,1:5000)常温摇床孵育1 h;再次 TBST 洗膜后使用 ECL 发光液显色,ImageJ软件分析结果。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,以GraphPad Prism 8软件制图。计量资料经正态性检验均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
光镜下可见SD大鼠乳鼠的原代成纤维细胞呈多角形或梭形,贴壁生长(图1A)。免疫荧光法鉴定结果显示,分离培养的细胞确为CFs,其细胞质Vimentin蛋白呈阳性(图1B)。
CCK-8法检测不同浓度葡萄糖对CFs增殖活性(OD值)的影响,结果显示,与5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖比较,其余高浓度葡萄糖均可促进CFs增殖,差异有统计学意义(5.5 mmol/L:0.42±0.04;25.0 mmol/L:0.62±0.08;33.0 mmol/L:0.85±0.06;40.0 mmol/L:0.96±0.11;50.0 mmol/L:0.89±0.10;P<0.05,图2A);其中,在葡萄糖浓度为40.0 mmol/L时,CFs的增殖效果最好。因此,实验中正常糖组(NG)采用5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖,高糖组(HG)采用40.0 mmol/L葡萄糖。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组CFs中的α-SMA、ColⅠ、Col Ⅲ相对表达水平均明显增高(1.43±0.98 vs. 0.93±0.06,1.80±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.09,1.43±0.09 vs. 0.88±0.10,P<0.05,图2B图2C)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组CFs中YAP蛋白相对表达水平明显增高(1.93±0.15 vs. 1.17±0.09,P<0.05,图3A),YAP的下游因子CTGF蛋白相对表达水平也明显增高(1.80±0.18 vs. 1.23±0.16,P<0.05,图3B)。
Ki-67免疫荧光染色结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组和HG+VP组CFs的Ki-67阳性率(%)均明显增高(67.33±5.14 vs. 22.94±4.88,46.83±3.86 vs. 22.94±4.88,P<0.05);与HG组相比,HG+VP组CFs的Ki-67阳性率明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组和HG+VP组CFs的α-SMA相对表达水平明显增高(1.71±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.03,1.27±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.03,P<0.05);与HG组相比,HG+VP组CFs的α-SMA相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与NG组比较,HG组CFs的Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ相对表达水平均明显增高(Col Ⅰ:3.03±0.17 vs. 1.05±0.11,P<0.05;Col Ⅲ:1.82±0.18 vs. 1.14±0.19,P<0.05),HG+VP组CFs的Col Ⅰ相对表达水平明显升高(2.05±0.23 vs. 1.05±0.11,P<0.05),而Col Ⅲ表达水平差异无统计学意义(1.10±0.12 vs. 1.14±0.19,P>0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VP组CFs的Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ相对表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05,图4)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与NG组比较,HG组及HG+VP组CTGF蛋白相对表达水平均明显升高(1.57±0.03 vs. 0.88±0.16,1.31±0.16 vs. 0.88±0.16,P<0.05);与HG组比较,HG+VP组CTGF蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图5)。
近年来,糖尿病在全球范围内的发病率逐渐增高,2021年全球约有5.4亿成年糖尿病患者,预计到2045年成年糖尿病患者数将增至7.8亿[9]。心脏是糖尿病损害的主要靶器官之一,Framingham研究显示,男性糖尿病患者的心力衰竭发病率约为非糖尿病者的2.4倍,女性则约为5.0倍[10]。此外,研究显示约1/3的心力衰竭住院患者存在糖尿病或者糖耐量受损,提示糖尿病与心力衰竭的高发生率和高病死率存在密切联系[11]。DCM为糖尿病常见并发症之一,但其发病机制尚未明确,故而开展针对性研究并进一步阐明其发病机制非常必要。
既往研究认为DCM的病变以心肌细胞肥大为主,但近年有研究指出,在糖尿病病理刺激下,CFs增殖与转分化对于DCM心室重构的发生发展及预后起着不可忽视的作用[12]。通过调节细胞外基质(extracelluar matrix,ECM)的合成和降解,CFs可在维持心脏正常结构、功能及电信号的传导等方面发挥作用。在生理情况下CFs通常为静止状态,当存在病理刺激时,CFs可转分化为CMFs,其增殖和分泌胶原蛋白的能力均明显增强,此为CFs活化。在DCM中,CFs过度活化导致的心脏间质纤维化可引起心脏僵硬度增加、心室舒张功能减退,最终导致糖尿病患者不可逆地出现心力衰竭甚至猝死[13]。然而,CFs的具体活化机制仍未明确,在临床工作中尚缺乏有效的治疗和预防措施。因此,深入探究CFs活化的关键调节分子对于寻找抑制DCM心肌纤维化的有效措施具有重要意义。本研究以SD大鼠乳鼠的原代CFs为研究对象,在体外模拟糖尿病患者体内的高血糖环境,观察CFs增殖、转分化标志物α-SMA和CFs分泌的细胞外基质成分Col Ⅰ、ColⅢ的表达变化,结果显示,在高糖环境中,CFs增殖率增高、α-SMA表达上调、胶原蛋白分泌增加,提示存在成纤维细胞的活化,与既往文献报道一致[14-16]
近年来研究发现,YAP与成纤维细胞活化密切相关[17]。YAP是一种共转录因子,主要受Hippo信号通路调节;当Hippo信号通路关闭时,YAP磷酸化水平降低,去磷酸化的YAP可进入细胞核与转录因子结合,从而调控下游靶基因CTGF、Cyclin D1等的表达,起到调控器官大小、细胞增殖及凋亡等作用。研究显示,心脏特异性YAP失活的小鼠发生心肌梗死后,由于缺乏纤维化应答而导致心肌损伤加重[18];相反,心脏过表达YAP可促进小鼠心肌梗死后的心肌细胞再生,缩小梗死范围,预后更好[19]。另外,YAP亦参与调控动脉损伤或动脉粥样硬化等平滑肌相关疾病的病理过程。动脉损伤后血管平滑肌细胞YAP表达水平上调,促进平滑肌细胞的增殖、转移;沉默YAP基因可阻断血管平滑肌细胞的增殖、迁移,改善血管内膜增生[20]。Francisco等[21]发现,心肌梗死模型小鼠CFs中YAP表达增加,可促进心肌梗死后CFs的增殖及转分化。此外,有研究显示糖尿病小鼠模型心脏YAP表达明显上升[22];糖尿病大鼠CFs内的YAP可经PRR-AMPK 或Lnc MALAT1/CREB途径上调,参与DCM的氧化应激或炎症反应,影响DCM心脏纤维化的发生发展[7-8]。然而,YAP调控CFs增殖及转分化的具体机制尚不明确。在本研究中,模拟高糖环境处理细胞24 h后,CFs明显活化,且其YAP蛋白及下游蛋白CTGF相对表达水平升高。CTGF为一种富含半胱氨酸的分泌肽,可在细胞增殖、迁移、分化中发挥重要作用,与多种器官的纤维化密切相关。有研究显示,过表达YAP可通过上调CTGF的表达而促进肝细胞的增殖、分化及胶原沉积[23]。由此可见,在疾病进展过程中YAP/CTGF信号通路可能起重要作用。为了进一步探究YAP在DCM的CFs增殖、活化中所起的作用,本研究采用YAP抑制剂VP抑制YAP与转录因子TEAD的结合,结果显示,经VP抑制YAP的作用后,可减轻高糖诱导的CFs增殖与活化。本研究结果还显示,抑制YAP后,高糖诱导的CTGF蛋白上调作用减弱,提示高糖可能是通过上调YAP并使其进入细胞核与转录因子TEAD结合,继而上调促纤维化等基因的转录及蛋白表达来促进纤维化的。
本研究仍存在一定局限性。研究显示YAP的活性除主要受Hippo通路调节外,还可受到转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、Wnt、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等其他信号通路的影响,提示YAP虽然可以一定程度地影响成纤维细胞活化,但可能只是心脏纤维化调控复杂网络中的一个重要节点。就CFs活化而言,相关研究提示ECM成分、细胞微环境pH值、TGF-β可以通过调节YAP磷酸化来影响这一过程[24-27]。本研究中,尽管结果显示高糖刺激下YAP参与了CFs的增殖及活化过程,但YAP在DCM CFs中的具体作用机制仍未确定。此外,本研究主要集中于体外实验,其结果尚待在动物体内进行验证。本课题组正在建立糖尿病小鼠模型,以进一步观察YAP对糖尿病模型小鼠心脏的影响,进而探索其可能的上下游作用机制。
综上,本研究结果显示,高糖可上调大鼠CFs中YAP的表达,促进CTGF和α-SMA的表达,使CFs获得更强的增殖能力,并分泌过多的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白,造成胞外基质的过度沉积,从而导致心脏纤维化的进展。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81800338)
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2023年第48卷第1期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.01.0034
  • 接收时间:2021-12-29
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-29
  • 录用日期:2022-02-06
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800338)
国家自然科学基金(81800338)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610083
    2解放军西部战区总医院心血管内科,四川成都 610083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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