Article(id=1203057885531041993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0183, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1630857600000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1645718400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-02-25, onlineDate=1764760951644, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1677513600000, pubDateStr=2023-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764760951644, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764760951644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764760951644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203057879566737430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764760950222, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764762101198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203062707223241334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203062707223241335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=183, endPage=189, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203057886629949656, articleId=1203057885531041993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on the thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of the alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods A total of 85 female rats were selected, of which 15 rats acted as sham operation group and treated with sham operation, the other 70 rats underwent thyroidectomy + subcutaneous injection of levothyroxine (L-T4) to establish the SCH model. Sixty-two of the 70 rats were successfully modeled, and randomly divided into low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (15 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis 9 g/kg), high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (16 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma 36 g/kg), L-T4 group (16 rats, gavage with 4.5 μg/kg L-T4), model group (15 rats, gavage with equal volume of normal saline), once a day, the intervention time is from 10th day of pregnancy (E10) to 21st day after birth (P21). The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) of female rats at E17 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. ELISA was used to detect the nerve growth factor(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), p-TrkA, c-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB)and p-CREB in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; The escape latency of pups at P40 was measured by the positioning cruise experiment, and the number of times the pups crossed the platform at P41 was measured by the space exploration experiment. Results At E17 gestational age, there was no significant difference in serum T4 among the 5 groups of female mice (P>0.05). The serum TSH levels were lower in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in model group, and the serum TSH levels were lower in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05), while no significant difference existed in serum TSH levels between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group (P>0.05). At P21, the NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB of hippocampus were significantly higher in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than those in model group. The NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB were obviously higher in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T4 group than those in the low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on NGF and BDNF between the high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T4 group (P>0.05). The escape latency of offspring rats was shorter in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in model group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform were more than that in model group (P<0.05). The escape latency of offspring in the L-T4 group was shorter than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform was more than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency and the times of crossing the platform between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ethanol extract of Alisma orientalis applied to SCH mother rats can improve the thyroid function of the mother rats, promote the expression of neurological factors of offspring rats, and improve their learning and memory function. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the expression of TrkA signaling pathway.

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目的 探讨泽泻醇提物对亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的作用及其可能的机制。方法 取85只8周龄SPF级Wistar雌鼠,其中15只行假手术处理作为假手术组,另70只采用甲状腺切除+皮下注射左旋甲状腺素(L-T4)制备SCH模型,造模成功62只,随机分为模型组(n=15,等体积生理盐水)、低剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=15,9 g/kg泽泻醇提物灌胃)、高剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=16,36 g/kg泽泻醇提物灌胃)、L-T4组(n=16,4.5 μg/kg L-T4灌胃),1次/d,干预时间为妊娠10 d(E10)至仔鼠出生后21 d(P21)。E17时,采用电化学发光法检测母鼠血清促甲状腺素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)水平。P21时,ELISA法检测仔鼠海马组织神经生长因子(NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平,Western blotting检测仔鼠海马组织原肌球蛋白受体激酶A(TrkA)、p-TrkA、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)、p-CREB蛋白表达水平。P40时,采用定位巡航实验测定仔鼠的逃避潜伏期;P41时,采用空间探索实验检测仔鼠穿越平台的次数。结果 E17时,5组母鼠的血清T4比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组母鼠血清TSH水平明显低于模型组,高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组血清TSH水平明显低于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组血清TSH水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。P21时,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF、p-TrkA、p-CREB水平明显高于模型组,高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组海马组织NGF、BDNF、p-TrkA、p-CREB水平明显高于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组海马组织NGF、BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期短于模型组,穿越平台次数多于模型组(P<0.05);高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期短于低剂量泽泻醇提物组,穿越平台次数多于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05);高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 泽泻醇提物可改善SCH母鼠甲状腺功能,促进仔鼠神经因子表达,并提高仔鼠的学习与记忆功能,其机制可能与激活TrkA信号通路表达有关。

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李燕君,主治医师,主要从事产科方面的研究

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李燕君,主治医师,主要从事产科方面的研究

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Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18(6): 1319., articleTitle=The intersection of NGF/TrkA signaling and amyloid precursor protein processing in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203057893084983819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, awardId=9632021Y0401, language=EN, fundingSource=Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Fund Project(9632021Y0401), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203057893156286990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, awardId=9632021Y0401, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省科学技术基金(9632021Y0401), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203057888680964416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203057888689353025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, companyId=1203057888680964416, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Obstetrics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203057888693547330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, companyId=1203057888680964416, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青海省人民医院产科,青海西宁 810000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203057891960910289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Comparison of expression levels of TrkA, p-TrkA, CREB and p-CREB in hippocampus of offspring mice in each group, figureFileSmall=N4nQ0zxd8JQghhyHznJXUQ==, figureFileBig=TfYvqE4H28nVgKgu76JA5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057892023824853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组仔鼠海马组织TrkA、p-TrkA、CREB、p-CREB表达水平比较

TrkA. 原肌球蛋白受体激酶A;CREB. 磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白;p-TrkA. 磷酸化原肌球蛋白受体激酶A;p-CREB. 磷酸化磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白;L-T4. 左旋甲状腺素;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与低剂量泽泻醇提物组比较,(3)P<0.05

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L-T4. 左旋甲状腺素;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与低剂量泽泻醇提物组比较,(3)P<0.05

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L-T4. 左旋甲状腺素;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与低剂量泽泻醇提物组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=PyAdymf33Ox5u+FOzNKYbA==, figureFileBig=Ub9i0dX5NOFoL17wDj/eWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057892648776180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of thyroid function of female mice in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TSH(mU/L)T4(nmol/L)
假手术组(n=15)0.13±0.0825.67±7.16
模型组(n=15)0.89±0.15(1)24.34±6.85
低剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=15)0.37±0.14(2)25.03±7.01
高剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=16)0.14±0.09(2)(3)26.01±8.23
L-T4组(n=16)0.12±0.08(2)(3)26.45±7.17
F132.6980.199
P<0.0010.938
), ArticleFig(id=1203057892762022393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组母鼠甲状腺功能比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TSH(mU/L)T4(nmol/L)
假手术组(n=15)0.13±0.0825.67±7.16
模型组(n=15)0.89±0.15(1)24.34±6.85
低剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=15)0.37±0.14(2)25.03±7.01
高剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=16)0.14±0.09(2)(3)26.01±8.23
L-T4组(n=16)0.12±0.08(2)(3)26.45±7.17
F132.6980.199
P<0.0010.938
), ArticleFig(id=1203057892862685693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of NGF and BDNF levels in hippocampus of offspring mice in each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别NGF(pg/mg)BDNF(pg/g)
假手术组0.61±0.20108.36±20.21
模型组0.19±0.08(1)74.15±9.34(1)
低剂量泽泻醇提物组0.32±0.10(2)85.64±14.28(2)
高剂量泽泻醇提物组0.50±0.13(2)(3)99.87±19.53(2)(3)
L-T40.54±0.15(2)(3)105.59±21.11(2)(3)
F15.5386.848
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1203057892963348995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057885531041993, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF水平比较($\bar{x}±s$, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别NGF(pg/mg)BDNF(pg/g)
假手术组0.61±0.20108.36±20.21
模型组0.19±0.08(1)74.15±9.34(1)
低剂量泽泻醇提物组0.32±0.10(2)85.64±14.28(2)
高剂量泽泻醇提物组0.50±0.13(2)(3)99.87±19.53(2)(3)
L-T40.54±0.15(2)(3)105.59±21.11(2)(3)
F15.5386.848
P<0.001<0.001
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泽泻醇提物对亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的作用及其机制
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李燕君 , 俄洛吉 , 李玉琴
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(2): 183-189
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(2): 183-189
泽泻醇提物对亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的作用及其机制
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李燕君, 俄洛吉, 李玉琴
作者信息
  • 青海省人民医院产科,青海西宁 810000
  • 李燕君,主治医师,主要从事产科方面的研究

Effect and mechanism of alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on the thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism
Yan-Jun Li, Luo-Ji E, Yu-Qin Li
Affiliations
  • Department of Obstetrics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
出版时间: 2023-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0183
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目的 探讨泽泻醇提物对亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的作用及其可能的机制。方法 取85只8周龄SPF级Wistar雌鼠,其中15只行假手术处理作为假手术组,另70只采用甲状腺切除+皮下注射左旋甲状腺素(L-T4)制备SCH模型,造模成功62只,随机分为模型组(n=15,等体积生理盐水)、低剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=15,9 g/kg泽泻醇提物灌胃)、高剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=16,36 g/kg泽泻醇提物灌胃)、L-T4组(n=16,4.5 μg/kg L-T4灌胃),1次/d,干预时间为妊娠10 d(E10)至仔鼠出生后21 d(P21)。E17时,采用电化学发光法检测母鼠血清促甲状腺素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)水平。P21时,ELISA法检测仔鼠海马组织神经生长因子(NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平,Western blotting检测仔鼠海马组织原肌球蛋白受体激酶A(TrkA)、p-TrkA、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)、p-CREB蛋白表达水平。P40时,采用定位巡航实验测定仔鼠的逃避潜伏期;P41时,采用空间探索实验检测仔鼠穿越平台的次数。结果 E17时,5组母鼠的血清T4比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组母鼠血清TSH水平明显低于模型组,高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组血清TSH水平明显低于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组血清TSH水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。P21时,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF、p-TrkA、p-CREB水平明显高于模型组,高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组海马组织NGF、BDNF、p-TrkA、p-CREB水平明显高于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组海马组织NGF、BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期短于模型组,穿越平台次数多于模型组(P<0.05);高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期短于低剂量泽泻醇提物组,穿越平台次数多于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05);高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 泽泻醇提物可改善SCH母鼠甲状腺功能,促进仔鼠神经因子表达,并提高仔鼠的学习与记忆功能,其机制可能与激活TrkA信号通路表达有关。

亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症  /  泽泻醇提物  /  甲状腺功能  /  神经功能  /  原肌球蛋白受体激酶A信号通路

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of the alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods A total of 85 female rats were selected, of which 15 rats acted as sham operation group and treated with sham operation, the other 70 rats underwent thyroidectomy + subcutaneous injection of levothyroxine (L-T4) to establish the SCH model. Sixty-two of the 70 rats were successfully modeled, and randomly divided into low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (15 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis 9 g/kg), high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (16 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma 36 g/kg), L-T4 group (16 rats, gavage with 4.5 μg/kg L-T4), model group (15 rats, gavage with equal volume of normal saline), once a day, the intervention time is from 10th day of pregnancy (E10) to 21st day after birth (P21). The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) of female rats at E17 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. ELISA was used to detect the nerve growth factor(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), p-TrkA, c-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB)and p-CREB in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; The escape latency of pups at P40 was measured by the positioning cruise experiment, and the number of times the pups crossed the platform at P41 was measured by the space exploration experiment. Results At E17 gestational age, there was no significant difference in serum T4 among the 5 groups of female mice (P>0.05). The serum TSH levels were lower in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in model group, and the serum TSH levels were lower in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05), while no significant difference existed in serum TSH levels between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group (P>0.05). At P21, the NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB of hippocampus were significantly higher in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than those in model group. The NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB were obviously higher in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T4 group than those in the low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on NGF and BDNF between the high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T4 group (P>0.05). The escape latency of offspring rats was shorter in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group than that in model group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform were more than that in model group (P<0.05). The escape latency of offspring in the L-T4 group was shorter than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform was more than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency and the times of crossing the platform between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T4 group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ethanol extract of Alisma orientalis applied to SCH mother rats can improve the thyroid function of the mother rats, promote the expression of neurological factors of offspring rats, and improve their learning and memory function. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the expression of TrkA signaling pathway.

subclinical hypothyroidism  /  alcohol extract of Alisma  /  thyroid function  /  nerve function  /  tropomyosin receptor kinase A
李燕君, 俄洛吉, 李玉琴. 泽泻醇提物对亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (2) : 183 -189 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0183
Yan-Jun Li, Luo-Ji E, Yu-Qin Li. Effect and mechanism of alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on the thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (2) : 183 -189 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0183
亚临床性甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)是妊娠女性常见的甲状腺功能异常性疾病[1],发病率为3.0%~5.0%,常因临床表现不明显而被忽略。目前发现SCH可增加患者妊娠不良结局的风险[2],引起后代大脑发育异常等,严重影响母婴安全[3-4]。左旋甲状腺素(L-T4)替代治疗SCH效果肯定,但对部分伴有心血管疾病的患者其应用受到限制[5]。动物实验证实健脾化痰活血方可调节SCH大鼠的甲状腺功能[6],提示中药治疗SCH具有一定可行性。中药泽泻属于利水渗湿药,现代药理研究表明其提取物可调节机体代谢、抗炎、降血脂等[7],但鲜有研究报道其在SCH中的应用。此外,有研究发现,SCH母鼠后代仔鼠神经发育与原肌球蛋白受体激酶A(tropomyosin receptor kinase A,TrkA)/p75神经营养因子受体(p75 neurotrophin receptor,p75NTR)通路有关[8]。基于此,本研究建立SCH母鼠模型,探讨泽泻醇提物对SCH母鼠甲状腺功能及仔鼠神经功能的影响,旨在为临床药物研发提供理论依据。
泽泻购自四川沁信源商贸有限公司,L-T4钠片购自德国默克公司,L-T4针剂购自美国Sigma公司;促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、甲状腺素(thyroxine,T4)检测试剂盒购自上海透景生命科技公司,神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)试剂盒与兔抗大鼠TrkA、磷酸化TrkA(p-TrkA)、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein,CREB)、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)、GAPDH一抗购自美国Abcam公司,山羊抗兔二抗(HRP标记)购自美国Sigma公司;DYCZ-40D型转印电泳仪购自武汉纯度生物科技有限公司。
85只SPF级Wistar雌鼠,8周龄,体重200~220 g,45只雄鼠,10周龄,体重230~250 g,均购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[许可证号:SCXK(京)2016-0006]。将雌鼠饲养于安静环境,室内相对湿度为50%~70%,温度为23~25 ℃,每12 h明暗交替,每周更换清洁笼具、垫料,消毒饮水瓶,适应性喂养1周。实验过程符合国家及单位有关动物管理和使用的规定。
参考文献[9]建立SCH模型。雌鼠称重,腹腔注射麻醉,颈正中切口,分离暴露甲状腺腺体,切除甲状腺峡部、左腺叶、右腺叶,冲洗术野,分层间断缝合,肌注青霉素钠预防感染,术后头偏一侧,每笼一只,观察有无分泌物窒息,并于术后静推葡萄糖酸钙防止甲状旁腺摘除引起的低钙抽搐。假手术组切开、分离等步骤同上,但不切除甲状腺。术后恢复1个月,眼眶后采血检查甲状腺功能,当血清TSH高于正常范围上限、T4低于最低值时,判定成功建立甲状腺功能减退(甲减)模型。随后开始皮下注射L-T4针剂,9.5 μg/(kg.d),每日测量体重以调整剂量,9 d后复查甲状腺功能,当雌鼠血清TSH高于正常、T4处于正常范围时提示SCH模型建立成功。孕期继续依据体重调整L-T4剂量,保证孕期SCH状态,以作为模型组。建模成功后进行雌雄合笼交配,雄∶雌=1∶2,次日雌鼠阴道栓发现精子确定为妊娠,妊娠0 d记为E0,分娩日记为P0,出生后7 d记为P7。
取15只雌鼠经假手术处理后作为假手术组,其余70只采用甲状腺切除+L-T4皮下注射法建立SCH模型,弃去未成模雌鼠,成功建模62只,随机分为模型组(n=15)、低剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=15)、高剂量泽泻醇提物组(n=16)、L-T4组(n=16)。泽泻醇提物制备方法如下:取泽泻粉末1 kg,与75%乙醇以1:10比例回流提取(2 h/次,2次),合并醇提液层,旋转、蒸发、回收溶剂,至无醇味后予以冷冻干燥,得到泽泻醇提物,加入生理盐水溶解,制备为0.9 g/ml的溶液备用。L-T4混悬液制备方法如下:碾碎L-T4钠片,溶于蒸馏水,灌胃时稀释,调整浓度为1 μg/ml。各组均于E10开始干预,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组分别予以9 g/kg、36 g/kg泽泻醇提物灌胃,L-T4组使用L-T4 6 μg/kg[10]灌胃,假手术组与模型组每日灌胃等体积生理盐水,各组均每日灌胃1次,干预时间为E10至P21(即产后21 d离乳)。P21后雌雄仔鼠分笼饲养,各组母鼠停止干预。
大鼠雌鼠妊娠期为18~22 d,本研究取E17时测定母鼠甲状腺功能,从各组母鼠眼眶后静脉丛取血离心(3000 r/min×10 min,离心半径10 cm),离心后收集血清,–20 ℃保存。采用电化学发光法测定各组母鼠血清TSH、T4水平。
于离乳时(即P21时)每组随机选取10只仔鼠,脱颈处死取脑,冰皿中迅速剥离仔鼠海马组织。处理方法如下:置于4 ℃生理盐水,剪碎组织,玻璃匀浆器中研磨约5 min,制备组织匀浆后离心(4000 r/min×10 min,离心半径3.5 cm),取上清液,–20 ℃冻存待测。ELISA法检测,制备标准品,混匀试剂,加标准品,抗体孵育,洗涤;加链霉亲和素-HRP温育后洗涤,加底物混匀温育,加终止液,450 nm波长测OD值,计算NGF、BDNF浓度。
P21时,取仔鼠海马组织,加入裂解液,4 ℃下15 000 r/min离心15 min,提取组织蛋白,进行蛋白定量,100 ℃水浴煮沸,蛋白变性,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转至PVDF膜上,置于5.0% BSA封闭液中,室温封闭1 h,TBST洗膜3次,10 min/次;取出封闭PVDF膜,加入稀释(1:1000)的兔抗鼠TrkA、p-TrkA、CREB、p-CREB一抗,4 ℃过夜,TBST洗膜,予以稀释二抗(1:5000),室温孵育1.5 h,TBST洗膜,ECL化学发光、显影、曝光,采用ImageJ分析条带灰度值,以GAPDH为内参照,计算目标蛋白相对表达量。
各组取10只仔鼠,于P39时行Morris水迷宫训练,在P40时进行定位巡航实验测试,P41时进行空间探索测试,分3 d完成测试。(1)Morris水迷宫训练:保持水温26 ℃,在水池中心放置平台(高于水平面1.5 cm),每只大鼠训练3次;水迷宫设置N、S、W、E 4个入水点,选一入水点,仔鼠背对平台放入,60 s探索平台,记录找到平台的时间,若60 s未找到平台,记为60 s,然后引导其找到,每个入水点重复3次,每次入水间隔时间不少于10 min,共进行12次训练,完成后放回鼠笼。(2)定位巡航测试:水池放脱脂奶粉,调低平台高度(低于水平面1.5 cm,使大鼠看不见平台),面向水池放仔鼠入水中,从电脑屏幕上观察,其余步骤同Morris水迷宫训练,记录仔鼠找到平台时间,即逃避潜伏期。(3)空间探索测试:撤掉平台,所有仔鼠选择在N点入水,记录30 s内穿越平台次数,以测定仔鼠的空间记忆能力。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
E17时5组母鼠血清TSH水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而母鼠血清T4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型组母鼠血清TSH水平明显高于假手术组(P<0.05),低剂量泽泻醇提物组、高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组血清TSH水平明显低于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组血清TSH水平明显低于低剂量泽泻醇提物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组血清TSH水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
P21时,模型组仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF水平明显低于假手术组(P<0.05),低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组明显高于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组明显高于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组海马组织NGF、BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,P21时,模型组仔鼠海马组织p-TrkA、p-CREB表达水平明显低于假手术组(P<0.05),低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠海马组织p-TrkA、p-CREB表达水平明显高于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组仔鼠海马组织p-TrkA、p-CREB表达水平明显高于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组仔鼠海马组织p-TrkA、p-CREB表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图1)。
P40时5组仔鼠逃避潜伏期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较显示,模型组仔鼠逃避潜伏期明显长于假手术组(P<0.05),低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期均短于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期短于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组仔鼠逃避潜伏期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2)。
P41时,模型组仔鼠穿越平台次数少于假手术组(P<0.05),低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠穿越平台次数均多于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量泽泻醇提物组、L-T4组仔鼠穿越平台次数多于低剂量泽泻醇提物组(P<0.05),而高剂量泽泻醇提物组与L-T4组仔鼠穿越平台次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图3)。
目前研究认为,妊娠可对母体甲状腺功能产生影响,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)与TSH受体结合可引起三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、T4需求增加,且妊娠会引起甲状腺体积增大,使机体T4需求量增加,导致母体妊娠期间发生甲减或SCH,而T4可影响中枢神经系统发育,对后代生长发育产生严重影响[11-13],因此,促进T4生成或补充外源性T4是其治疗的根本[14]。中药疗法近年来逐渐被应用于甲状腺疾病的治疗,并显示出安全、独特的价值[15-16]。中医认为,SCH属于“虚损”“水肿”等范畴,其基本病机为脾肾阳虚[17],治疗当以化气利水与温补肾阳为主。泽泻归肾经,可利水、清湿热、补肾阳,具有抗代谢紊乱、利尿、调节血脂等疗效,且有研究证实其提取物在一定剂量内无明显不良反应[18-19]
根据大鼠妊娠、发育的时间点,胚胎组织一般从E11时开始分泌T3、T4,E18-E22时可分娩,P21时断乳,P40时可进行游泳相关实验。因此,本研究从E10时开始进行分组干预,E17时检测母鼠甲状腺功能,P21时行仔鼠神经因子、蛋白等检测,P40时检测仔鼠学习与记忆能力。本研究结果显示,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组母鼠血清TSH水平低于模型组,而高剂量泽泻醇提物组母鼠血清TSH水平低于低剂量组,且与L-T4组比较差异无统计学意义,提示泽泻醇提物可改善母鼠甲状腺功能,考虑与泽泻醇提物具有利尿、调节内分泌紊乱的作用有关,可促使母鼠T4趋近孕期正常表达。甲状腺相关激素可维持人体代谢平衡,尤其是在神经递质的生理表达中起关键作用,进而可影响个体的神经功能[20]。本研究建模成功后进行分组干预发现,与模型组比较,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组及L-T4组仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF表达水平升高,逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,且高剂量组上述指标改善程度优于低剂量组,与L-T4组相当,提示高剂量泽泻醇提物在仔鼠神经功能发育中具有药用价值。使用泽泻醇提物后仔鼠可从母体胚胎、乳汁及自身发育中获得生理作用量的T4,通过调控甲状腺受体等促进神经因子正常表达,维持仔鼠神经系统的正常运转。
国外有研究发现,保护海马组织中NGF/TrkA通路的活性有望成为阿尔茨海默病的有效治疗策略,NGF等神经因子主要与TrkA结合,再通过CREB调节神经元再生、存活等生理活动,激活TrkA通路以促进相关蛋白的表达有利于神经元的分化及神经元突触可塑性的诱导,并可改善机体的神经功能[21-22]。本研究采用Western blotting检测仔鼠海马组织TrkA通路蛋白的表达情况,结果发现,低、高剂量泽泻醇提物组p-TrkA、p-CREB表达水平均明显高于模型组,且高剂量组表达升高更为明显,提示泽泻醇提物可改善孕期及哺乳期母鼠的甲状腺功能失调,促进仔鼠p-TrkA、p-CREB蛋白趋近于正常表达,从而改善神经功能,并可提高后代的学习与记忆能力。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,泽泻醇提物可恢复SCH母鼠甲状腺功能,提高仔鼠海马组织NGF、BDNF的表达水平,改善仔鼠神经功能,其机制可能与泽泻醇提物激活TrkA信号通路,促进p-TrkA、p-CREB蛋白的表达有关,这为相关药物的研发提供了理论基础与实验依据。但本研究所用剂量为预实验判定的剂量,同时仅初步探讨了泽泻在SCH母鼠及仔鼠中的应用,且仅选取了川泽泻进行实验,其他不同产地的泽泻效力如何尚待研究论证,后期可进一步分析不同产地泽泻是否具有同等效果。此外,泽泻醇提物是否可通过调控其他相关通路来改善SCH母鼠后代的神经功能仍需进一步探索。
  • 青海省科学技术基金(9632021Y0401)
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2023年第48卷第2期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0183
  • 接收时间:2021-09-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-06
  • 录用日期:2022-02-25
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Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Fund Project(9632021Y0401)
青海省科学技术基金(9632021Y0401)
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    青海省人民医院产科,青海西宁 810000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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