Article(id=1203057884222414982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0168, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1644076800000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1648396800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-03-28, onlineDate=1764760951332, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1677513600000, pubDateStr=2023-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764760951332, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764760951332, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764760951332, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203057879566737430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764760950222, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764762101198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203062707223241334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203062707223241335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203057879566737430, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203057884545376416, articleId=1203057884222414982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on neurotrophic factors and apoptosis in brain of mice with Parkinson's disease, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on neurotrophic factors and apoptosis in the brain of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods MPTP-induced PD model in mice was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of WYP by the behavioral gait, pole test, and brain pathological TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). We used immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting to evaluate the expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and CNTF) and apoptosis-associated genes (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9). Results Compared with the PD model group, WYP could reduce the average swinging time of each paw (P<0.05)and pole test time (P<0.001); The number of TH positive cells (P<0.05)and TH protein expression (P<0.05) increased, which inhibited dopaminergic neuron injury. Compared with the PD model group,WYP increased the expression of BDNF, CNTF, GDNF, and Bcl-2 (P<0.05) and decreased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 (P<0.05). Conclusion WYP shows therapeutic potential in PD, and its mechanism may be related to the anti-apoptotic effect and increased secretion of neurotrophic factors in SN of the brain in the MPTP-induced PD model.

, correspAuthors=Cun-Gen Ma, Zhi Chai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Chai Zhi, E-mail:
Ma Cun-Gen, E-mail:
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目的 观察五子衍宗丸对帕金森病(PD)小鼠脑内黑质纹状体神经营养因子分泌和脑组织中细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法 建立神经毒素MPTP诱导的PD小鼠模型,通过行为步态实验、爬杆实验及脑黑质纹状体区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元的病理学检测,观察五子衍宗丸的治疗效果;采用免疫荧光、RT-qPCR和Western blotting法检测小鼠黑质纹状体中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)及细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2Baxcaspase-3caspase-9表达水平的变化。结果 与PD模型组比较,五子衍宗丸治疗可明显减少PD小鼠四肢向前运动的平均摆动时间(P<0.05)和爬杆时间(P<0.001),增高TH阳性细胞数和TH蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);五子衍宗丸治疗后,PD小鼠黑质纹状体中BDNF、GDNF蛋白和CNTF及Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平明显增高(P<0.05),而Baxcaspase-3caspase-9表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 五子衍宗丸具有治疗PD的潜力,其作用机制可能与提高PD小鼠黑质纹状体中神经营养因子分泌及抗凋亡作用有关。

, correspAuthors=马存根, 柴智, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
柴智,E-mail:
马存根,E-mail:
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杭薇,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病的研究

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杭薇,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病的研究

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杭薇,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病的研究

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PD. 帕金森病;WYP. 五子衍宗丸;MPTP. 一种神经毒素;LF. 左前爪;RF. 右前爪;LH. 左后爪;RH. 右后爪;A. 步态实验中各组小鼠各爪摆动平均时间;B. 爬杆实验中各组小鼠爬杆时间;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=sVW6gtqp2AjhDWJWpsvwVg==, figureFileBig=6YOqHG/GShyUt7bbjB32gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057892866875971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Expression levels of TH in dopamine neurons of PD mice (A. Immunofluorescence staining; B.Western blotting), figureFileSmall=iTgF/beKL+xTG8VSaH49SA==, figureFileBig=LcislWIWb/6HghNP/VRyjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057892954956359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=CN, label=图2, caption=免疫荧光法(A)和Western blotting(B)检测PD小鼠多巴胺能神经元中TH的表达水平

TH. 酪氨酸羟化酶;PD. 帕金森病;WYP. 五子衍宗丸;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=iTgF/beKL+xTG8VSaH49SA==, figureFileBig=LcislWIWb/6HghNP/VRyjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057893051425355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Expression levels of BDNF, GDNF and CDNF in each group of mice (Western blotting), figureFileSmall=g6/ModFhQpyq6NtrouEOyw==, figureFileBig=8Q6urQH9Awn7ox0lM8lHOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057893152088656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Western blotting检测各组小鼠脑内神经营养因子BDNF、GDNF和CDNF的表达水平

PD. 帕金森病;WYP. 五子衍宗丸;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=g6/ModFhQpyq6NtrouEOyw==, figureFileBig=8Q6urQH9Awn7ox0lM8lHOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057893303083603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression levels of mRNA of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in each group of mice(RT-qPCR), figureFileSmall=viz6YuvO/ZcTH0jljZAp4w==, figureFileBig=0YzESLC/o0HhtMZv9qgGOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057893386969685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RT-qPCR检测各组小鼠脑内Bcl-2Baxcaspase-3caspase-9的mRNA表达水平

PD. 帕金森病;WYP. 五子衍宗丸;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=viz6YuvO/ZcTH0jljZAp4w==, figureFileBig=0YzESLC/o0HhtMZv9qgGOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203057893529576025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences for RT-qPCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
Bcl-2正义:ATGCCTTTGTGGAACTATATGGC
反义:GGTATGCACCCAGAGTGATGC
Bax正义:TGAAGACAGGGGCCTTTTTG
反义:AATTCGCCGGAGACACTCG
caspase-3正义:TCTGACTGGAAAGCCGAAACTCTTC
反义:GTCCCACTGTCTGTCTCAATGCC
caspase-9正义:CCTCGTGTCCTACTCCACCTTCC
反义:CGGCATTAGCAACCCTCAGCAG
), ArticleFig(id=1203057894829810272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203057884222414982, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
Bcl-2正义:ATGCCTTTGTGGAACTATATGGC
反义:GGTATGCACCCAGAGTGATGC
Bax正义:TGAAGACAGGGGCCTTTTTG
反义:AATTCGCCGGAGACACTCG
caspase-3正义:TCTGACTGGAAAGCCGAAACTCTTC
反义:GTCCCACTGTCTGTCTCAATGCC
caspase-9正义:CCTCGTGTCCTACTCCACCTTCC
反义:CGGCATTAGCAACCCTCAGCAG
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五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠脑组织中神经营养因子及凋亡相关基因表达的影响
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杭薇 1 , 樊慧杰 1 , 李艳荣 1 , 肖琪 1 , 范丽珊 1 , 王新亮 1 , 王青 1 , 肖保国 2 , 马存根 1, 3, * , 柴智 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(2): 168-174
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(2): 168-174
五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠脑组织中神经营养因子及凋亡相关基因表达的影响
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杭薇1, 樊慧杰1, 李艳荣1, 肖琪1, 范丽珊1, 王新亮1, 王青1, 肖保国2, 马存根1, 3, * , 柴智1, *
作者信息
  • 1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
  • 2复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025
  • 3山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009
  • 杭薇,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病的研究

通讯作者:

柴智,E-mail:
马存根,E-mail:
Effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on neurotrophic factors and apoptosis in brain of mice with Parkinson's disease
Wei Hang1, Hui-Jie Fan1, Yan-Rong Li1, Qi Xiao1, Li-Shan Fan1, Xin-Liang Wang1, Qing Wang1, Bao-Guo Xiao2, Cun-Gen Ma1, 3, * , Zhi Chai1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
  • 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China
  • 3Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
出版时间: 2023-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0168
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目的 观察五子衍宗丸对帕金森病(PD)小鼠脑内黑质纹状体神经营养因子分泌和脑组织中细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法 建立神经毒素MPTP诱导的PD小鼠模型,通过行为步态实验、爬杆实验及脑黑质纹状体区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元的病理学检测,观察五子衍宗丸的治疗效果;采用免疫荧光、RT-qPCR和Western blotting法检测小鼠黑质纹状体中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)及细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2Baxcaspase-3caspase-9表达水平的变化。结果 与PD模型组比较,五子衍宗丸治疗可明显减少PD小鼠四肢向前运动的平均摆动时间(P<0.05)和爬杆时间(P<0.001),增高TH阳性细胞数和TH蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);五子衍宗丸治疗后,PD小鼠黑质纹状体中BDNF、GDNF蛋白和CNTF及Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平明显增高(P<0.05),而Baxcaspase-3caspase-9表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 五子衍宗丸具有治疗PD的潜力,其作用机制可能与提高PD小鼠黑质纹状体中神经营养因子分泌及抗凋亡作用有关。

五子衍宗丸  /  帕金森病  /  神经营养因子  /  细胞凋亡

Objective To study the effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on neurotrophic factors and apoptosis in the brain of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods MPTP-induced PD model in mice was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of WYP by the behavioral gait, pole test, and brain pathological TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). We used immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting to evaluate the expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and CNTF) and apoptosis-associated genes (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9). Results Compared with the PD model group, WYP could reduce the average swinging time of each paw (P<0.05)and pole test time (P<0.001); The number of TH positive cells (P<0.05)and TH protein expression (P<0.05) increased, which inhibited dopaminergic neuron injury. Compared with the PD model group,WYP increased the expression of BDNF, CNTF, GDNF, and Bcl-2 (P<0.05) and decreased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 (P<0.05). Conclusion WYP shows therapeutic potential in PD, and its mechanism may be related to the anti-apoptotic effect and increased secretion of neurotrophic factors in SN of the brain in the MPTP-induced PD model.

Wuzi Yanzong Pill  /  Parkinson's disease  /  neurotrophic factor  /  apoptosis
杭薇, 樊慧杰, 李艳荣, 肖琪, 范丽珊, 王新亮, 王青, 肖保国, 马存根, 柴智. 五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠脑组织中神经营养因子及凋亡相关基因表达的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (2) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0168
Wei Hang, Hui-Jie Fan, Yan-Rong Li, Qi Xiao, Li-Shan Fan, Xin-Liang Wang, Qing Wang, Bao-Guo Xiao, Cun-Gen Ma, Zhi Chai. Effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on neurotrophic factors and apoptosis in brain of mice with Parkinson's disease[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (2) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0168
帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是发病率仅次于痴呆的神经系统退行性疾病,年发病率5/(10万)~35/(10万),其患病率随年龄增长而上升[1]。PD以选择性中脑黑质多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元变性、缺失及运动障碍为主要特征,发病机制尚不明确,临床上多用西药如左旋多巴制剂治疗,但长期服用后疗效减弱,且可能出现多种并发症[2-3]。部分中药复方对PD治疗有一定疗效[4-5]。有研究显示,采用五子衍宗汤治疗肾虚髓减型PD轻度认知功能障碍疗效良好[6];五子衍宗丸(Wuzi Yanzong Pill,WYP)亦可对神经细胞发挥保护作用,治疗神经系统疾病[7]。我们的前期研究显示,五子衍宗丸治疗PD疗效显著[8-9]。本研究采用神经毒素1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)诱导的PD小鼠模型,检测PD小鼠脑内黑质纹状体中脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)、睫状神经营养因子(ciliary neurotrophic factor,CNTF)及细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2Baxcaspase-3caspase-9的表达情况,探究五子衍宗丸治疗PD的作用机制,为其治疗PD提供新的实验依据。
五子衍宗丸购自太原市同仁堂药店(生产商:北京同仁堂股份有限公司同仁堂制药厂;批号:20035036;规格:0.1 g/粒);药丸用研磨机研磨成微细粉末,用0.9%氯化钠注射液溶解配制成0.32 g/ml的五子衍宗丸药液,现配现用,使用前于水浴锅中加热并混匀。
DigiGait动物步态检测分析系统(美国MSI公司,型号:MSI-DIG-RT);电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司,型号:PowerPacTM);转膜仪(美国Bio-Rad公司,型号:PowerPacTM);凝胶成像分析仪(美国Bio-Rad公司,型号:HOOD-Ⅱ);酶标仪(德国Leica公司,型号:C-1150);高速冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司,型号:5840)。
MPTP(M0896)购自美国Sigma公司。BDNF抗体(A1307)、GDNF抗体(A14639)、CNTF抗体(A1915)购自武汉Abconal公司,酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)抗体(#58844)购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司。RNAprep pure Tissue Kit(DP431)购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司。M5 Sprint qPCR RT kit with gDNA remover(MF949-T)、Realtime PCR Super mix(SYBR green,with anti-Taq)(MF013-01)购自北京聚合美生物科技有限公司。增强型RIPA裂解液(RIPA Lysis Buffer,RIPA)(AR0102)购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司。Bcl-2Baxcaspase-3caspase-9的引物购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠30只,体重(20±3) g,购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2021-0006],按随机数字表法随机分为3组(每组10只):对照组、PD模型组和PD+WYP组。对照组小鼠生理盐水[50 ml/(kg.d)]灌胃,每天2次,间隔12 h,连续14 d。PD模型组小鼠腹腔注射MPTP,每天1次,持续7 d(第1天:15 mg/kg;第2天:20 mg/kg;第3-7天:30 mg/kg)[8-9,12];同时给予生理盐水灌胃[50 ml/(kg.d)],每天2次,间隔12 h,连续14 d。PD+WYP组小鼠腹腔注射MPTP,每天1次,持续7 d(第1天:15 mg/kg;第2天:20 mg/kg;第3-7天:30 mg/kg);给予五子衍宗丸灌胃[16 g/(kg.d)],每天2次,间隔12 h,连续14 d。本研究动物实验方案通过山西中医药大学医学与动物伦理审查委员会审查批准(批准文号:2021DW268),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
五子衍宗丸给药第14天,对小鼠进行行为学检测。(1)步态实验。将跑带速度设置为15 cm/s,小鼠放置于水平步态仪的透明隔间中。通过DigiGait步态检测分析系统在连续10 s内记录小鼠动态步态行为指标,测量小鼠各脚爪摆动的平均时间。每只小鼠进行3次检测,每次间隔10 min,并进行统计分析。(2)爬杆实验。将一直径1 cm、长60 cm的木杆缠绕两层纱布(防滑),顶端固定一圆形木塞。将小鼠头部朝下放于木塞上,使其自然下爬,记录小鼠从杆顶自然爬到杆底平台所用时间。测试3次,每次间隔10 min以上,中途停顿或反向爬行则重新测试,取均值进行统计分析。
灌胃2周后处死小鼠,开胸暴露心脏。每组采用随机数字表法选取5只小鼠用生理盐水进行心脏灌注直至肝脏发白,用4%多聚甲醛溶液进行心脏灌注固定体内组织;取出完整脑组织,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中4 ℃固定24 h,再放置于10%、20%、30%蔗糖溶液中梯度脱水。OCT包埋制作组织包块,将组织制备成10 μm连续冠状冷冻切片。每组其余5只小鼠用生理盐水心脏灌注至肝脏发白后,取出完整脑组织,切取黑质纹状体部位,称重后放置于研磨器中,加入组织裂解液充分研磨,4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心20 min,离心半径为5 cm,取上清液置于–80 ℃冰箱保存。
冷冻脑组织切片置于4%多聚甲醛溶液浸泡1 h,再浸于PBS溶液清洗,浸于含0.5% Triton X-100的PBS中,室温孵育5 min。加TH一抗(1:1000)4 ℃孵育过夜;次日PBS清洗,加对应IgG荧光二抗,常温孵育2 h;浸洗,甘油封片。采用ImageJ进行细胞计数。
各组小鼠按上述方法取脑后,放入预冷的PBS中洗净血污和杂质。在冰上的平面皿中迅速分离出黑质和纹状体组织,用RNAprep pure Tissue Kit提取样本总RNA并测定浓度。根据说明书,用M5 Sprint qPCR RT kit with gDNA remover转录出cDNA。使用Realtime PCR Super mix(SYBR green,with anti-Taq)将cDNA、相应引物和试剂按照说明书的要求混合后,在实时PCR仪上进行检测。对各组样品的Ct值进行测定,取平均数,以β-actin作为内参照,并用2–ΔΔCt法计算各mRNA表达量。引物序列见表1
将各组小鼠黑质纹状体组织加入RIPA(1:100)在4 ℃条件下充分裂解提取脑蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白含量。加Loading buffer制备蛋白上样缓冲液样品,用10% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白,转膜后,5%脱脂奶粉室温摇床上封闭1 h,TBST洗涤3次,分别加入BDNF、CNTF和GDNF抗体(1:1000),4 ℃过夜。次日用TBST洗涤后加入相应的HRP偶联二抗(1:5000),室温孵育2 h。TBST洗膜后加ECL化学发光液(A:B=1:1),用化学发光凝胶成像系统进行化学发光反应曝光条带,用Bio-Rad凝胶成像分析仪检测条带,ImageJ软件进行灰度值比较,并进行统计分析。
采用Prism 8.0.2软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
步态实验结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪和右后爪向前运动的摆动时间均明显增多(P<0.001);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪和右爪后向前运动的摆动时间均明显减少(P<0.05,图1A)。爬杆实验结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组小鼠爬杆时间明显增多(P<0.001);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组小鼠爬杆时间明显减少(P<0.001,图1B)。
免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组TH阳性神经元呈散在排列且数量明显较少(P<0.001);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组TH阳性细胞数量明显增多(P<0.01,图2A)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组小鼠TH蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组TH蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05,图2B)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组BDNF、GDNF和CNTF蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组BDNF、GDNF和CNTF蛋白表达水平均明显增高(P<0.05,图3)。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,PD模型组Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Baxcaspase-3caspase-9的mRNA表达水平明显增高(P<0.01);与PD模型组比较,PD+WYP组Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),Baxcaspase-3caspase-9的mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图4)。
PD是一种较常见的神经退行性疾病,以选择性中脑黑质DA能神经元变性和缺失及运动障碍为主要特征。该病病因复杂,发病机制尚不明确,线粒体损伤、氧化应激、神经炎症、蛋白质错误折叠、神经营养因子保护等均有可能参与PD的发病和进展,目前尚无有效的临床治疗方法[10]。中医理论认为,PD属中医学的“颤证”范畴,其病因病机复杂,其中一种证型是肾精损耗,不能滋养肝木,筋脉失于濡养,木燥生风发颤[5]。故可用补肾复方来治疗PD。
五子衍宗丸出自唐代的《道藏·悬解录》,由枸杞子、菟丝子(炒)、覆盆子、五味子(蒸)、车前子(盐炒)组成,是补肾益精之良方。枸杞子滋补肝肾,益精明目;菟丝子补益肝肾,固精缩尿;覆盆子固精缩尿,养肝明目;五味子补肝肾,收敛,涩精止遗;车前子利水渗湿;五药合用达补肾益精之功效。现代药理研究显示,五子衍宗丸具有治疗部分神经系统疾病的作用[7,11],可减少炎性因子的分泌,从而保护中枢神经系统,延缓实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠的发病[12]
MPTP可透过血脑屏障转化为高毒性的MPP+,并选择性进入黑质DA能神经元内,导致致密部DA能神经元程序性死亡,是建立经典PD动物模型时使用较多的神经毒素[13]
运动迟缓和整体运动能力下降是PD患者常见的行为学表现。在本研究中,PD小鼠表现出明显的运动功能异常,包括四肢向前运动的摆动时间和爬杆时间均增多,提示PD小鼠在运动时反应更慢或者需要更长时间才能完成制动。本研究中免疫荧光染色结果显示,PD小鼠出现了DA能神经元的损伤和丢失;PD小鼠脑黑质纹状体中TH蛋白的表达水平也明显降低。这一结果与我们的前期研究结果一致,提示成功建立了MPTP导致的PD小鼠模型。经五子衍宗丸治疗后,PD小鼠四肢向前运动的摆动时间和爬杆时间均减少,且黑质纹状体中TH蛋白表达增高,提示五子衍宗丸对DA神经元具有保护作用。综上所述,本研究结果表明,五子衍宗丸可减轻DA能神经元损伤,进而改善PD小鼠的运动障碍。在此基础上,本研究进一步观察了五子衍宗丸对PD小鼠脑黑质纹状体区神经营养因子分泌及细胞凋亡的影响。
神经营养因子是支持神经元发育、成熟和存活的小分泌蛋白。研究显示,神经营养因子可以保护DA能神经元,促进神经退行性疾病中丢失的某些神经元群的存活或再生[14-15]。BDNF是一种在机体内分布广泛的神经营养因子,在小鼠黑质致密部DA能神经元的维持中起关键作用[16]。近年研究显示,BDNF与多种神经血管疾病有密切关联[17]。GDNF在全身各种组织发育的不同阶段及神经损伤后的不同阶段均有不同程度的表达[18]。Deng等[19]报告,共移植过表达GDNF的神经干细胞和胎儿DA能神经元的效果优于神经干细胞和胎儿DA能神经元移植,前者移植细胞存活率明显增高,能更有效地缓解PD大鼠的运动症状,说明过表达的GDNF和胎儿DA能神经元具有协同作用,可促进干细胞存活及向DA能神经元分化,这也提示GDNF在保护和促进神经元发育中有重要作用。CNTF对DA能神经元也有营养、保护和促进其存活的作用[20]。CNTF受体α可阻止DA能神经元的活性退化并促进其功能恢复[21]。在本研究中,经五子衍宗丸治疗后,MPTP诱导的PD小鼠脑内黑质纹状体区BDNF、GDNF和CNTF的表达均明显增高,提示五子衍宗丸可诱导神经营养因子分泌,进而保护DA能神经元。
细胞凋亡是PD神经元死亡的主要机制[22]。细胞凋亡指机体内发生的涉及一系列基因激活、表达及调控的细胞自主死亡过程,主要受凋亡诱导因子和凋亡抑制因子共同调控。Bcl-2家族和caspase家族被认为是PD中细胞凋亡的关键标志[23]Bcl-2基因家族是一类重要的凋亡调控基因,分为抗凋亡基因(如Bcl-2Bcl-1Bcl-xL等)和促凋亡基因(如BaxBakBadBid等)两大类[24]。Caspase家族是细胞凋亡的中心环节,活化的凋亡启动因子caspase-9激活下游的凋亡执行因子caspase-3,抑制多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶活性,增强核酸内切酶的活性,导致DNA片段化,引起细胞凋亡。已在PD患者的黑质中检测到活化的caspase-3[25]。研究显示,敲除caspase-3可抑制MPTP诱导的PD小鼠黑质细胞凋亡[26]。本研究结果显示,MPTP诱导的PD小鼠脑黑质纹状体中促凋亡基因Baxcaspase-3caspase-9表达水平增高,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达降低,而五子衍宗丸治疗后部分逆转了上述变化,提示五子衍宗丸可能通过调控上述凋亡基因的表达而抑制PD小鼠DA能神经元的凋亡,起到防治PD的作用。
综上,五子衍宗丸对MPTP诱导的PD小鼠具有神经保护作用,可显著改善PD小鼠的运动表现,其作用可能是通过增加黑质纹状体神经营养因子分泌及调控凋亡相关的基因表达而实现的。但五子衍宗丸治疗PD的具体机制,以及是否还参与其他生物学过程尚不清楚,有待后续进一步研究和探讨。
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金自由探索类基础研究(YDZX20201400001483)
  • 山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划
  • 山西省留学回国人员科技活动项目择优资助项目(20200026)
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2023年第48卷第2期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.02.0168
  • 接收时间:2022-02-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-06
  • 录用日期:2022-03-28
基金
Central Government Guided Local Funding Projects for Science and Technology Development(YDZX20201400001483)
中央引导地方科技发展资金自由探索类基础研究(YDZX20201400001483)
Outstanding Youth Talents Program of Shanxi Province
山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划
Returned Chinese Scholars Technology Activities Preferred Project of Shanxi Province(20200026)
山西省留学回国人员科技活动项目择优资助项目(20200026)
作者信息
    1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
    2复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025
    3山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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