Article(id=1203053371721736253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645977600000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1649779200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-13, onlineDate=1764759875468, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1679932800000, pubDateStr=2023-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764759875468, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764759875468, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764759875468, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203053366290113441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764759874174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764810242575, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=360, endPage=366, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203053372510265451, articleId=1203053371721736253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the relationship between bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia and the associated molecular mechanisms, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of death from malignancy and the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The development and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer is in accordance with the "Correa model", in which gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is the key link in the transformation of the gastric mucosa from benign to malignant and is also one of the most common precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, therefore, it is the key to investigate the pathogenesis of GIM and intervene it at an early stage for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is considered as one of the recognized risk factors for GIM. However, GIM cannot be reversed by eradication of HP alone, considering that there may be other factors that continue to play a role in the development and progression of GIM. In recent years, it has been confirmed in several studies that bile reflux can induce GIM, but the specific molecular mechanism by which bile reflux induces GIM is not clear.The mechanism of bile reflux induced gastric mucosal injury, the relationship between GIM and gastric cancer, the research status of bile reflux induced GIM, and the molecular mechanisms of bile acid induced GIM are discussed in this article, aiming to improve clinicians' understanding of GIM induced by bile reflux and provide a basis for the early intervention of GIM and prevention of gastric cancer.

, correspAuthors=Jing-Jie Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-Liang Song, Qiang Lin, Shi-Yang Liang, Jing-Jie Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1203053372879364223, articleId=1203053371721736253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生的关系及其分子机制研究进展, columnId=1190243276029530637, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

胃癌是恶性肿瘤死亡的第3位原因,也是全球第5位常见的恶性肿瘤。肠型胃癌的发生发展过程符合Correa模型,其中胃黏膜肠上皮化生(GIM)是胃黏膜由良性转为恶性的关键环节,也是胃癌最常见的癌前病变之一。探究GIM的发病机制并早期干预是胃癌防治的重点。幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染是GIM公认的危险因素之一,然而单纯根除HP并不能逆转GIM,考虑在GIM发生发展过程中可能存在其他因素的持续作用。近年来,多项研究已证实胆汁反流可诱导GIM,但胆汁反流诱导GIM的具体分子机制尚不清楚。本文主要针对胆汁反流及其诱导胃黏膜损伤的机制、GIM与胃癌的关系、胆汁反流诱导GIM的研究现状及胆汁酸诱导GIM的分子机制进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对胆汁反流诱导GIM的认识,为早期干预GIM及防治胃癌提供依据。

, correspAuthors=王景杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王景杰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Sn4z/u27G/T/C4uBCT/FZQ==, magXml=7hjHZrzbWEYCuSfcrZPxlg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XMYm0AlAfD7CfJ1uM29RCQ==, pdfFileSize=832058, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vapbUgedhNAPv3N1FF8+5Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

宋俊良,硕士研究生,主要从事胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生、胃息肉等的关系及机制研究

, authorsList=宋俊良, 林强, 梁世洋, 王景杰)}, authors=[Author(id=1203053373307183266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373403652269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373307183266, language=EN, stringName=Jun-Liang Song, firstName=Jun-Liang, middleName=null, lastName=Song, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373487538355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373307183266, language=CN, stringName=宋俊良, firstName=俊良, middleName=null, lastName=宋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038, bio={"content":"

宋俊良,硕士研究生,主要从事胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生、胃息肉等的关系及机制研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

宋俊良,硕士研究生,主要从事胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生、胃息肉等的关系及机制研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053373168771221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373177159831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373185548441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038)])]), Author(id=1203053373588201656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373693059263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373588201656, language=EN, stringName=Qiang Lin, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=Lin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373785333956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373588201656, language=CN, stringName=林强, firstName=强, middleName=null, lastName=林, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053373168771221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373177159831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373185548441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038)])]), Author(id=1203053373881802958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373995049175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373881802958, language=EN, stringName=Shi-Yang Liang, firstName=Shi-Yang, middleName=null, lastName=Liang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203053374095712483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053373881802958, language=CN, stringName=梁世洋, firstName=世洋, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053373168771221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373177159831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373185548441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038)])]), Author(id=1203053375228174570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jingjiefmmu@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203053375379169521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053375228174570, language=EN, stringName=Jing-Jie Wang, firstName=Jing-Jie, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203053375484027128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, authorId=1203053375228174570, language=CN, stringName=王景杰, firstName=景杰, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053373168771221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373177159831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373185548441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1203053375584690430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=bile reflux), Keyword(id=1203053375693742341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia), Keyword(id=1203053375777628425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=bile acid), Keyword(id=1203053375853125900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=pathogenesis), Keyword(id=1203053375941206289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=胆汁反流), Keyword(id=1203053376050258197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=胃黏膜肠上皮化生), Keyword(id=1203053376125755676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=胆汁酸), Keyword(id=1203053376239001890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=发病机制)], refs=[Reference(id=1203053376348053800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=64, issue=5, pageStart=1079, pageEnd=1088, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Trieu JA, Bilal M, Saraireh H, journalName=Dig Dis Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trieu JA, Bilal M, Saraireh H, et al. Update on the diagnosis and management of gastric intestinal metaplasia in the USA[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(5): 1079-1088., articleTitle=Update on the diagnosis and management of gastric intestinal metaplasia in the USA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053376465494321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1988, volume=48, issue=13, pageStart=3554, pageEnd=3560, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Correa P, journalName=Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Correa P. A human model of gastric carcinogenesis[J]. Cancer Res, 1988, 48(13): 3554-3560., articleTitle=A human model of gastric carcinogenesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053376591323443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=52, issue=24, pageStart=6735, pageEnd=6740, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Correa P, journalName=Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process -- First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention[J]. Cancer Res, 1992, 52(24): 6735-6740., articleTitle=Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process -- First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053376691986745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=143, issue=7, pageStart=1671, pageEnd=1677, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Shao LM, Li PW, Ye J, journalName=Int J Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao LM, Li PW, Ye J, et al. Risk of gastric cancer among patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Int J Cancer, 2018, 143(7):1671-1677., articleTitle=Risk of gastric cancer among patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053376784261436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Shi M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi M. Expression and significance of bile acid receptors (FXR and TGR5) in gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer[D].Xi'an: Xi'an Medical University, 2019., articleTitle=Expression and significance of bile acid receptors (FXR and TGR5) in gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053376884924735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=石淼, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[石淼. 胆汁酸受体(FXR和TGR5)在胃黏膜肠上皮化生及胃癌中的表达及意义[D].西安: 西安医学院, 2019.], articleTitle=胆汁酸受体(FXR和TGR5)在胃黏膜肠上皮化生及胃癌中的表达及意义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377031725381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=12, issue=Suppl 2, pageStart=32, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Rokkas T, Pistiolas D, Sechopoulos P, journalName=Helicobacter, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rokkas T, Pistiolas D, Sechopoulos P, et al. The long-term impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Helicobacter, 2007, 12(Suppl 2): 32-38., articleTitle=The long-term impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377153360201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=11, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Ding H, Chen SL, Li J, journalName=Chin J Gastroenter, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding H, Chen SL, Li J, et al. Correlation of total bile acid in gastric juice and Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Chin J Gastroenter, 2013, 18(1): 11-15., articleTitle=Correlation of total bile acid in gastric juice and Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377291772238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=11, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=丁慧, 陈胜良, 李吉, journalName=胃肠病学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[丁慧, 陈胜良, 李吉, 等. 胃液总胆汁酸和幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜肠化生的相关性研究[J]. 胃肠病学, 2013, 18(1):11-15.], articleTitle=胃液总胆汁酸和幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜肠化生的相关性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377413407060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=1258, pageEnd=1262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Li JP, Liu ZZ, Shen GF, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li JP, Liu ZZ, Shen GF, et al. Research progress of bile acid-intestinal flora and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(12): 1258-1262., articleTitle=Research progress of bile acid-intestinal flora and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377484710232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=1258, pageEnd=1262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=李进鹏, 刘真真, 申高飞, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[李进鹏, 刘真真, 申高飞, 等. 胆汁酸-肠道菌群与腹泻型肠易激综合征的研究进展[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(12): 1258-1262.], articleTitle=胆汁酸-肠道菌群与腹泻型肠易激综合征的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377568596316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Ticho AL, Malhotra P, Dudeja PK, journalName=Compr Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ticho AL, Malhotra P, Dudeja PK, et al. Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease[J]. Compr Physiol, 2019, 10(1):21-56., articleTitle=Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377652482398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=82, issue=null, pageStart=101094, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Carino A, journalName=Prog Lipid Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Carino A, et al. Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders[J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2021, 82:101094., articleTitle=Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377757340004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=244, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, journalName=Oncol Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, et al. Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer (Review)[J]. Oncol Rep, 2021, 46(5):244., articleTitle=Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer (Review), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377858003305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=12, pageStart=e13919, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=de Bortoli N, Gyawali CP, Frazzoni M, journalName=Neurogastroenterol Motil, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Bortoli N, Gyawali CP, Frazzoni M, et al. Bile reflux in patients with nerd is associated with more severe heartburn and lower values of Mean nocturnal baseline impedance and chemical clearance[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2020, 32(12): e13919., articleTitle=Bile reflux in patients with nerd is associated with more severe heartburn and lower values of Mean nocturnal baseline impedance and chemical clearance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053377962860910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=1389, pageEnd=1392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=McCabe ME 4th, Dilly CK, journalName=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McCabe ME 4th, Dilly CK. New causes for the old problem of bile reflux gastritis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 16(9):1389-1392., articleTitle=New causes for the old problem of bile reflux gastritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053378071912820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=72, issue=null, pageStart=103168, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Othman AAA, Dwedar AAZ, ElSadek HM, journalName=Ann Med Surg (Lond), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Othman AAA, Dwedar AAZ, ElSadek HM, et al. Bile reflux gastropathy: prevalence and risk factors after therapeutic biliary interventions: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021, 72: 103168., articleTitle=Bile reflux gastropathy: prevalence and risk factors after therapeutic biliary interventions: a retrospective cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053378185159030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=6, pageStart=363, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Chen DF, Yang Y, journalName=Chin J Dig, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen DF, Yang Y. Damage mechanism of bile reflux on esophageal and gastric mucosal barrier[J]. Chin J Dig, 2016, 36(6): 363-365., articleTitle=Damage mechanism of bile reflux on esophageal and gastric mucosal barrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053378294210939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=6, pageStart=363, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=陈东风, 杨洋, journalName=中华消化杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[陈东风, 杨洋. 胆汁反流对食管胃黏膜屏障的损伤机制[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2016, 36(6): 363-365.], articleTitle=胆汁反流对食管胃黏膜屏障的损伤机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053378386485630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=796, pageEnd=799, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wu LZ, He Y, Qu YT, journalName=Mod Dig Interv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu LZ, He Y, Qu YT, et al. Advances on the researches of the correlation between bile reflux and gastric polyps[J]. Mod Dig Interv, 2021, 26(6): 796-799., articleTitle=Advances on the researches of the correlation between bile reflux and gastric polyps, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053378499731845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=796, pageEnd=799, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=20, authorNames=吴李珠, 何英, 屈元婷, journalName=现代消化及介入诊疗, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[吴李珠, 何英, 屈元婷, 等. 胆汁反流与胃息肉相关性的研究进展[J]. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2021, 26(6): 796-799.], articleTitle=胆汁反流与胃息肉相关性的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053379728662919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=104, issue=4, pageStart=1057, pageEnd=1063, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Bechi P, Amorosi A, Mazzanti R, journalName=Gastroenterology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bechi P, Amorosi A, Mazzanti R, et al. Reflux-related gastric mucosal injury is associated with increased mucosal histamine content in humans[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 104(4): 1057-1063., articleTitle=Reflux-related gastric mucosal injury is associated with increased mucosal histamine content in humans, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053379850297740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=235, pageEnd=240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Sobala GM, O'Connor HJ, Dewar EP, journalName=J Clin Pathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sobala GM, O'Connor HJ, Dewar EP, et al. Bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa[J]. J Clin Pathol, 1993, 46(3): 235-240., articleTitle=Bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053379946766735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=598, pageEnd=602, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Nehra D, Howell P, Williams CP, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nehra D, Howell P, Williams CP, et al. Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: influence of gastric acidity[J]. Gut, 1999, 44(5): 598-602., articleTitle=Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: influence of gastric acidity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380047430036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=596, issue=17, pageStart=3861, pageEnd=3867, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Meyer AR, Goldenring JR, journalName=J Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meyer AR, Goldenring JR. Injury, repair, inflammation and metaplasia in the stomach[J]. J Physiol, 2018, 596(17): 3861-3867., articleTitle=Injury, repair, inflammation and metaplasia in the stomach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380143899034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=83, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Zhu JM, Chen G, Qin JJ, journalName=J Lanzhou Univ (Med Sci), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu JM, Chen G, Qin JJ, et al. Effects of abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammation on gastric cancer[J]. J Lanzhou Univ (Med Sci), 2018, 44(1): 83-88., articleTitle=Effects of abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammation on gastric cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380231979422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=83, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=朱军民, 陈刚, 秦俊杰, journalName=兰州大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=[朱军民, 陈刚, 秦俊杰, 等. 糖代谢异常和炎症对胃癌的影响[J]. 兰州大学学报(医学版), 2018, 44(1): 83-88.], articleTitle=糖代谢异常和炎症对胃癌的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380332642722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=143, issue=3, pageStart=409, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Jiang JX, Liu Q, Zhao B, journalName=J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang JX, Liu Q, Zhao B, et al. Risk factors for intestinal metaplasia in a southeastern Chinese population: an analysis of 28, 745 cases[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2017, 143(3): 409-418., articleTitle=Risk factors for intestinal metaplasia in a southeastern Chinese population: an analysis of 28, 745 cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380424917417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=10, pageStart=e0239434, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Aumpan N, Vilaichone RK, Nunanan P, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aumpan N, Vilaichone RK, Nunanan P, et al. Predictors for development of complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IM) associated with H. pylori infection: a large-scale study from low prevalence area of gastric cancer (IM-HP trial)[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(10): e0239434., articleTitle=Predictors for development of complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IM) associated with H. pylori infection: a large-scale study from low prevalence area of gastric cancer (IM-HP trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380517192107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=158, issue=3, pageStart=745, pageEnd=750, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Shah SC, Gawron AJ, Mustafa RA, journalName=Gastroenterology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shah SC, Gawron AJ, Mustafa RA, et al. Histologic subtyping of gastric intestinal metaplasia: overview and considerations for clinical practice[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(3): 745-750., articleTitle=Histologic subtyping of gastric intestinal metaplasia: overview and considerations for clinical practice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380596883887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Correa P, Piazuelo MB, journalName=J Dig Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Correa P, Piazuelo MB. The gastric precancerous cascade[J]. J Dig Dis, 2012, 13(1): 2-9., articleTitle=The gastric precancerous cascade, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380689158578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=378, issue=12, pageStart=1085, pageEnd=1095, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2018, 378(12): 1085-1095., articleTitle=Helicobacter pylori therapy for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380789821879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=155, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhang D, Ke L, Shi YQ, journalName=Chin J Dig, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang D, Ke L, Shi YQ. Pay attention to the follow-up and monitoring of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa[J]. Chin J Dig, 2015, 35(3): 155-157., articleTitle=Pay attention to the follow-up and monitoring of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380886290872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=155, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=33, authorNames=张迪, 柯丽, 时永全, journalName=中华消化杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[张迪, 柯丽, 时永全. 重视胃黏膜肠上皮化生的随访与监测[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2015, 35(3):155-157.], articleTitle=重视胃黏膜肠上皮化生的随访与监测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053380991148478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=351, issue=null, pageStart=h3867, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Song H, Ekheden IG, Zheng ZL, journalName=BMJ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song H, Ekheden IG, Zheng ZL, et al. Incidence of gastric cancer among patients with gastric precancerous lesions: observational cohort study in a low risk Western population[J]. BMJ, 2015, 351: h3867., articleTitle=Incidence of gastric cancer among patients with gastric precancerous lesions: observational cohort study in a low risk Western population, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381062451646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=173, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Wei N, Zhou MY, Lei SY, journalName=Cancer Cell Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei N, Zhou MY, Lei SY, et al. A meta-analysis and systematic review on subtypes of gastric intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia risk[J]. Cancer Cell Int, 2021, 21(1): 173., articleTitle=A meta-analysis and systematic review on subtypes of gastric intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia risk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381125366209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=133, issue=5, pageStart=1023, pageEnd=1032, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=González CA, Sanz-Anquela JM, Gisbert JP, journalName=Int J Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=González CA, Sanz-Anquela JM, Gisbert JP, et al. Utility of subtyping intestinal metaplasia as marker of gastric cancer risk.A review of the evidence[J]. Int J Cancer, 2013, 133(5): 1023-1032., articleTitle=Utility of subtyping intestinal metaplasia as marker of gastric cancer risk.A review of the evidence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381205057990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=61, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wei N, Zhong ZH, Shi RH, journalName=Cancer Cell Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei N, Zhong ZH, Shi RH. A novel method of grading gastric intestinal metaplasia based on the combination of subtype and distribution[J]. Cancer Cell Int, 2021, 21(1): 61., articleTitle=A novel method of grading gastric intestinal metaplasia based on the combination of subtype and distribution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381326692810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1977, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=144, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Beaumont W, journalName=Nutr Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Beaumont W. Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and the physiology of digestion[J]. Nutr Rev, 1977, 35(6): 144-145., articleTitle=Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and the physiology of digestion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381418967501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=222, pageEnd=229, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Li D, Zhang J, Yao WZ, journalName=J Dig Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li D, Zhang J, Yao WZ, et al. The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: a retrospective study[J]. J Dig Dis, 2020, 21(4): 222-229., articleTitle=The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: a retrospective study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381544796624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=5, pageStart=282, pageEnd=290, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Zhang LY, Zhang J, Li D, journalName=J Dig Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang LY, Zhang J, Li D, et al. Bile reflux is an independent risk factor for precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer: an observational cross-sectional study[J]. J Dig Dis, 2021, 22(5):282-290., articleTitle=Bile reflux is an independent risk factor for precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer: an observational cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381637071315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=25, issue=5, pageStart=519, pageEnd=525, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Matsuhisa T, Arakawa T, Watanabe T, journalName=Dig Endosc, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Matsuhisa T, Arakawa T, Watanabe T, et al. Relation between bile acid reflux into the stomach and the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a multicenter study of 2283 cases[J]. Dig Endosc, 2013, 25(5): 519-525., articleTitle=Relation between bile acid reflux into the stomach and the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a multicenter study of 2283 cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381737734616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=217, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Matsuhisa T, Tsukui T, journalName=J Clin Biochem Nutr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Matsuhisa T, Tsukui T. Relation between reflux of bile acids into the stomach and gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia in biopsy specimens[J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2012, 50(3): 217-221., articleTitle=Relation between reflux of bile acids into the stomach and gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia in biopsy specimens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381830009309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=21, issue=11, pageStart=2101, pageEnd=2107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Tatsugami M, Ito M, Tanaka S, journalName=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tatsugami M, Ito M, Tanaka S, et al. Bile acid promotes intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2012, 21(11): 2101-2107., articleTitle=Bile acid promotes intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381901312480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=11601, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Zhao AH, Wang SL, Chen WL, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao AH, Wang SL, Chen WL, et al. Increased levels of conjugated bile acids are associated with human bile reflux gastritis[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 11601., articleTitle=Increased levels of conjugated bile acids are associated with human bile reflux gastritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053381976809954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=7, pageStart=2598, pageEnd=2605, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=45, authorNames=M'Harzi L, Chevallier JM, Certain A, journalName=Obes Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=M'Harzi L, Chevallier JM, Certain A, et al. Long-term evaluation of biliary reflux on esogastric mucosae after one-anastomosis gastric bypass and esojejunostomy in rats[J]. Obes Surg, 2020, 30(7): 2598-2605., articleTitle=Long-term evaluation of biliary reflux on esogastric mucosae after one-anastomosis gastric bypass and esojejunostomy in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382064890342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=18, issue=9, pageStart=555, pageEnd=563, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Barros R, Freund JN, David L, journalName=Trends Mol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Barros R, Freund JN, David L, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia revisited: function and regulation of CDX2[J]. Trends Mol Med, 2012, 18(9): 555-563., articleTitle=Gastric intestinal metaplasia revisited: function and regulation of CDX2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382140387816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=122, issue=3, pageStart=689, pageEnd=696, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Silberg DG, Sullivan J, Kang E, journalName=Gastroenterology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Silberg DG, Sullivan J, Kang E, et al. Cdx2 ectopic expression induces gastric intestinal metaplasia in transgenic mice[J].Gastroenterology, 2002, 122(3): 689-696., articleTitle=Cdx2 ectopic expression induces gastric intestinal metaplasia in transgenic mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382241051114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=2674, pageEnd=2682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Li S, Chen X, Zhou L, journalName=Oncol Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Chen X, Zhou L, et al. Farnesoid X receptor signal is involved in deoxycholic acid-induced intestinal metaplasia of normal human gastric epithelial cells[J]. Oncol Rep, 2015, 34(5): 2674-2682., articleTitle=Farnesoid X receptor signal is involved in deoxycholic acid-induced intestinal metaplasia of normal human gastric epithelial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382350103020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=null, pageStart=458, pageEnd=472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Yue B, Cui R, Zheng RZ, journalName=Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yue B, Cui R, Zheng RZ, et al. Essential role of ALKBH5-mediated RNA demethylation modification in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2021, 26: 458-472., articleTitle=Essential role of ALKBH5-mediated RNA demethylation modification in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382433989102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=15, issue=5, pageStart=7617, pageEnd=7624, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Zhou HN, Ni Z, Li T, journalName=Oncol Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou HN, Ni Z, Li T, et al. Activation of FXR promotes intestinal metaplasia of gastric cells via SHP-dependent upregulation of the expression of CDX2[J]. Oncol Lett, 2018, 15(5): 7617-7624., articleTitle=Activation of FXR promotes intestinal metaplasia of gastric cells via SHP-dependent upregulation of the expression of CDX2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382501097968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=887, issue=null, pageStart=173566, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Xu XJ, Cheng JN, Luo SZ, journalName=Eur J Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu XJ, Cheng JN, Luo SZ, et al. Deoxycholic acid-stimulated macrophage-derived exosomes promote intestinal metaplasia and suppress proliferation in human gastric epithelial cells[J].Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 887: 173566., articleTitle=Deoxycholic acid-stimulated macrophage-derived exosomes promote intestinal metaplasia and suppress proliferation in human gastric epithelial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382576595440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Sarkar A, Hochedlinger K, journalName=Cell Stem Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sarkar A, Hochedlinger K. The sox family of transcription factors: versatile regulators of stem and progenitor cell fate[J].Cell Stem Cell, 2013, 12(1): 15-30., articleTitle=The sox family of transcription factors: versatile regulators of stem and progenitor cell fate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382677258738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=194, pageEnd=208, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Yoon JH, Choi SS, Kim O, journalName=Mod Pathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yoon JH, Choi SS, Kim O, et al. Inactivation of NKX6.3 in the stomach leads to abnormal expression of CDX2 and SOX2 required for gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation[J]. Mod Pathol, 2016, 29(2): 194-208., articleTitle=Inactivation of NKX6.3 in the stomach leads to abnormal expression of CDX2 and SOX2 required for gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382782116340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=344, pageEnd=349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Su BW, Lin Q, Wang JJ, journalName=J Shanxi Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su BW, Lin Q, Wang JJ. Relationship between bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and related molecular mechanism [J].J Shanxi Med Univ, 2021, 52(3): 344-349., articleTitle=Relationship between bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and related molecular mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382857613814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=344, pageEnd=349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=55, authorNames=苏保伟, 林强, 王景杰, journalName=山西医科大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[苏保伟, 林强, 王景杰. 胆汁反流性胃炎与肠化生的关系及其分子机制[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2021, 52(3): 344-349.], articleTitle=胆汁反流性胃炎与肠化生的关系及其分子机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053382937305592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=62, issue=1, pageStart=124, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Niu HJ, Jia YC, Li T, journalName=Dig Dis Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niu HJ, Jia YC, Li T, et al. SOX2 inhibition promotes promoter demethylation of CDX2 to facilitate gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2017, 62(1): 124-132., articleTitle=SOX2 inhibition promotes promoter demethylation of CDX2 to facilitate gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053383025385978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=24, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Yuan T, Ni Z, Han C, journalName=Cancer Cell Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan T, Ni Z, Han C, et al. SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J].Cancer Cell Int, 2019, 19: 24., articleTitle=SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384166236668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Yuan T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan T. SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[D]. Xi'an: Air Force Medical University, 2019., articleTitle=SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384241734142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=59, authorNames=袁挺, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[袁挺. SOX2在胆汁酸诱导的肠化生中抑制CDX2功能的研究[D]. 西安: 空军军医大学, 2019.], articleTitle=SOX2在胆汁酸诱导的肠化生中抑制CDX2功能的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384321425920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=66, issue=3, pageStart=343, pageEnd=350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Camilo V, Garrido M, Valente P, journalName=Histopathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Camilo V, Garrido M, Valente P, et al. Differentiation reprogramming in gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: role of SOX2 and CDX2[J]. Histopathology, 2015, 66(3): 343-350., articleTitle=Differentiation reprogramming in gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: role of SOX2 and CDX2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384413700610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=318, issue=3, pageStart=G554, pageEnd=G573, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM, journalName=Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM. Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2020, 318(3): G554-G573., articleTitle=Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384510169604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=176, issue=5, pageStart=1098, pageEnd=1112.e18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Fu T, Coulter S, Yoshihara E, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu T, Coulter S, Yoshihara E, et al. FXR regulates intestinal cancer stem cell proliferation[J]. Cell, 2019, 176(5): 1098-1112.e18., articleTitle=FXR regulates intestinal cancer stem cell proliferation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384585667078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=46, issue=1, pageStart=81, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Xu YJ, Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, journalName=J Clin Biochem Nutr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu YJ, Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, et al. Bile acids induce cdx2 expression through the farnesoid x receptor in gastric epithelial cells[J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2010, 46(1): 81-86., articleTitle=Bile acids induce cdx2 expression through the farnesoid x receptor in gastric epithelial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384665358856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=54, issue=3, pageStart=879, pageEnd=892, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Yu JH, Zheng JB, Qi J, journalName=Int J Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu JH, Zheng JB, Qi J, et al. Bile acids promote gastric intestinal metaplasia by upregulating CDX2 and MUC2 expression via the FXR/NF-κB signalling pathway[J]. Int J Oncol, 2019, 54(3):879-892., articleTitle=Bile acids promote gastric intestinal metaplasia by upregulating CDX2 and MUC2 expression via the FXR/NF-κB signalling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384791187978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=1119, pageEnd=1131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Wang N, Wu SR, Zhao J, journalName=Cell Oncol (Dordr), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang N, Wu SR, Zhao J, et al. Bile acids increase intestinal marker expression via the FXR/SNAI2/miR-1 axis in the stomach[J]. Cell Oncol (Dordr), 2021, 44(5): 1119-1131., articleTitle=Bile acids increase intestinal marker expression via the FXR/SNAI2/miR-1 axis in the stomach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384904434188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=103, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Wang N, Chen M, Ni Z, journalName=Gastric Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang N, Chen M, Ni Z, et al. HDAC6/HNF4α loop mediated by miR-1 promotes bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Gastric Cancer, 2021, 24(1): 103-116., articleTitle=HDAC6/HNF4α loop mediated by miR-1 promotes bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053384988320270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=38, pageStart=61021, pageEnd=61035, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Carino A, Graziosi L, D'Amore C, journalName=Oncotarget, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carino A, Graziosi L, D'Amore C, et al. The bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5) is expressed in human gastric cancers and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cell lines[J]. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(38): 61021-61035., articleTitle=The bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5) is expressed in human gastric cancers and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cell lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385084789264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=68, authorNames=Shi M, Liu CF, Sun NN, journalName=Prog Mod Biomed, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi M, Liu CF, Sun NN, et al. Expression and significance of TGR5 and CDX2 in gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma[J]. Prog Mod Biomed, 2019, 19(12): 2334-2339, 2386., articleTitle=Expression and significance of TGR5 and CDX2 in gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385198035473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=69, authorNames=石淼, 刘彩芳, 孙妮娜, journalName=现代生物医学进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[石淼, 刘彩芳, 孙妮娜, 等. TGR5和CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌中的表达及意义[J]. 现代生物医学进展, 2019, 19(12): 2334-2339, 2386.], articleTitle=TGR5和CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌中的表达及意义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385281921554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=304, issue=4, pageStart=G322, pageEnd=G327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Cao WB, Tian W, Hong J, journalName=Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao WB, Tian W, Hong J, et al. Expression of bile acid receptor TGR5 in gastric adenocarcinoma[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2013, 304(4): G322-G327., articleTitle=Expression of bile acid receptor TGR5 in gastric adenocarcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385353224723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=56, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Ni Z, Min YL, Han C, journalName=Cell Death Discov, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ni Z, Min YL, Han C, et al. TGR5-HNF4α axis contributes to bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia markers expression[J]. Cell Death Discov, 2020, 6: 56., articleTitle=TGR5-HNF4α axis contributes to bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia markers expression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385428722197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=12559, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Watari J, Ito C, Shimoda T, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Watari J, Ito C, Shimoda T, et al. DNA methylation silencing of microRNA gene methylator in the precancerous background mucosa with and without gastric cancer: analysis of the effects of H. pylori eradication and long-term aspirin use[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 12559., articleTitle=DNA methylation silencing of microRNA gene methylator in the precancerous background mucosa with and without gastric cancer: analysis of the effects of H. pylori eradication and long-term aspirin use, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385512608278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Li H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H. The role and underlying mechanisms of miR-92a in the activation of CDX2 in gastric intestinal metaplasia[D]. Xi'an: Air Force Medical University, 2014., articleTitle=The role and underlying mechanisms of miR-92a in the activation of CDX2 in gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385604882968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=74, authorNames=李红, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[李红. miR-92a在胃黏膜肠上皮化生中调控CDX2的作用与机制研究[D]. 西安: 第四军医大学, 2014.], articleTitle=miR-92a在胃黏膜肠上皮化生中调控CDX2的作用与机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385692963354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=68, issue=10, pageStart=1751, pageEnd=1763, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Li T, Guo H, Li H, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Guo H, Li H, et al. MicroRNA-92a-1-5p increases CDX2 by targeting FOXD1 in bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(10): 1751-1763., articleTitle=MicroRNA-92a-1-5p increases CDX2 by targeting FOXD1 in bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385760072220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=65, issue=6, pageStart=914, pageEnd=924, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=76, authorNames=Sousa JF, Nam KT, Petersen CP, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sousa JF, Nam KT, Petersen CP, et al. miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach[J]. Gut, 2016, 65(6): 914-924., articleTitle=miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203053385835569694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=doab005, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Gil-Gómez G, Fassan M, Nonell L, journalName=Dis Esophagus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gil-Gómez G, Fassan M, Nonell L, et al. miR-24-3p regulates CDX2 during intestinalization of cardiac-type epithelium in a human model of Barrett's esophagus[J]. Dis Esophagus, 2021, 34(7): doab005., articleTitle=miR-24-3p regulates CDX2 during intestinalization of cardiac-type epithelium in a human model of Barrett's esophagus, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053373168771221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373177159831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053373185548441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053371721736253, companyId=1203053373168771221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生的关系及其分子机制研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
宋俊良 , 林强 , 梁世洋 , 王景杰 *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023,48(3): 360-366
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023, 48(3): 360-366
胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生的关系及其分子机制研究进展
全屏
宋俊良, 林强, 梁世洋, 王景杰*
作者信息
  • 空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038
  • 宋俊良,硕士研究生,主要从事胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生、胃息肉等的关系及机制研究

通讯作者:

王景杰,E-mail:
Research progress on the relationship between bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia and the associated molecular mechanisms
Jun-Liang Song, Qiang Lin, Shi-Yang Liang, Jing-Jie Wang*
Affiliations
  • Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
出版时间: 2023-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360
文章导航
收藏切换

胃癌是恶性肿瘤死亡的第3位原因,也是全球第5位常见的恶性肿瘤。肠型胃癌的发生发展过程符合Correa模型,其中胃黏膜肠上皮化生(GIM)是胃黏膜由良性转为恶性的关键环节,也是胃癌最常见的癌前病变之一。探究GIM的发病机制并早期干预是胃癌防治的重点。幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染是GIM公认的危险因素之一,然而单纯根除HP并不能逆转GIM,考虑在GIM发生发展过程中可能存在其他因素的持续作用。近年来,多项研究已证实胆汁反流可诱导GIM,但胆汁反流诱导GIM的具体分子机制尚不清楚。本文主要针对胆汁反流及其诱导胃黏膜损伤的机制、GIM与胃癌的关系、胆汁反流诱导GIM的研究现状及胆汁酸诱导GIM的分子机制进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对胆汁反流诱导GIM的认识,为早期干预GIM及防治胃癌提供依据。

胆汁反流  /  胃黏膜肠上皮化生  /  胆汁酸  /  发病机制

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of death from malignancy and the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The development and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer is in accordance with the "Correa model", in which gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is the key link in the transformation of the gastric mucosa from benign to malignant and is also one of the most common precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, therefore, it is the key to investigate the pathogenesis of GIM and intervene it at an early stage for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is considered as one of the recognized risk factors for GIM. However, GIM cannot be reversed by eradication of HP alone, considering that there may be other factors that continue to play a role in the development and progression of GIM. In recent years, it has been confirmed in several studies that bile reflux can induce GIM, but the specific molecular mechanism by which bile reflux induces GIM is not clear.The mechanism of bile reflux induced gastric mucosal injury, the relationship between GIM and gastric cancer, the research status of bile reflux induced GIM, and the molecular mechanisms of bile acid induced GIM are discussed in this article, aiming to improve clinicians' understanding of GIM induced by bile reflux and provide a basis for the early intervention of GIM and prevention of gastric cancer.

bile reflux  /  gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia  /  bile acid  /  pathogenesis
宋俊良, 林强, 梁世洋, 王景杰. 胆汁反流与胃黏膜肠上皮化生的关系及其分子机制研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (3) : 360 -366 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360
Jun-Liang Song, Qiang Lin, Shi-Yang Liang, Jing-Jie Wang. Research progress on the relationship between bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia and the associated molecular mechanisms[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (3) : 360 -366 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360
胃黏膜肠上皮化生(gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia,GIM)是正常胃黏膜上皮细胞因各种因素刺激被具有肠道表型的上皮细胞取代的过程,主要病理特征为胃柱状细胞被潘氏细胞、杯状细胞及吸收性上皮细胞等所替代,是正常胃黏膜由良性转变为恶性的关键环节[1]。Correa模型是目前学界公认的胃癌发生模型,即胃黏膜依次经过非萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、肠化生、不典型增生,最终进展为早期胃癌[2-3],因此,GIM也被认为是胃癌的癌前病变。大量临床研究证实,GIM患者进展为胃癌的风险明显增高[4],但GIM发展为胃癌需要10~20年,而不典型增生发展为胃癌仅需要3~5年[5],可见GIM为预防胃癌提供了较宽的时间窗,早期发现并干预GIM可能降低胃癌的发病率。GIM的发生发展涉及多种因素的共同作用,而幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)感染是重要的危险因素之一,然而单纯根除HP并不能逆转GIM,提示其他因素在GIM发展中也可能发挥重要作用[6]。许多研究已证实胆汁反流与GIM密切相关,甚至有研究认为胆汁反流诱导GIM的作用可能比HP感染的作用更强[7],然而胆汁反流诱导GIM的机制也尚未完全阐明。为此,本文就胆汁反流与GIM的研究现状及分子机制进行综述如下。
胆汁酸是胆汁反流内容物的主要成分,也是导致多种疾病的关键因素。胆汁酸由肝细胞以胆固醇为原料经一系列酶促反应合成[8],最初合成的为初级胆汁酸,包括胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸及其与甘氨酸、牛磺酸的结合形式,然后以胆汁酸盐的形式随胆汁进入肠道。进入肠道的初级胆汁酸在肠菌酶的作用下生成次级胆汁酸,包括石胆酸、脱氧胆酸及其与甘氨酸、牛磺酸的结合形式,进入肠道的各种胆汁酸大约95%经肝肠循环重吸收进入门静脉,其余5%随粪便排出[9]。此外,根据结构特点,胆汁酸属两性分子,既有如羧基、羟基这样的亲水基团,也有如甲基这样的疏水基团,疏水性胆汁酸是人体内主要的胆汁酸,包括鹅去氧胆酸、脱氧胆酸、石胆酸及相应的结合形式,过量的疏水性胆汁酸可诱导多种细胞的凋亡及毒性损害,故也被称毒性胆汁酸,而亲水性胆汁酸可通过加速疏水性胆汁酸的代谢而减弱其毒性作用[10]
胆汁反流是指各种原因引起的胆汁酸、胰酶、小肠液等逆向反流进入胃及食管的过程,可导致一系列临床症状,常见的原因包括幽门括约肌功能失调或功能丧失、胃轻瘫、胃溃疡及胆系疾病等。胆汁反流常见反流至胃、食管,部分可至咽喉部,研究发现其与GIM、反流性食管炎、Barrett食管、胃癌、食管癌及喉癌的发生均存在一定关系,可能是重要的病因之一[11-12]。目前胆汁反流的诊断方法很多,但尚无金标准,不同的诊断方法各有优缺点,常见的有胃镜下诊断、Bilitec 2000仪胆汁反流监测、胃黏膜内总胆汁酸测定、胃内24 h pH值连续测定、放射性肝核素显像、磁共振成像等,其中胃镜下诊断结合胆汁反流指数最为常用[13]。胆汁反流的治疗也无统一的方案,常用药物有络合胆汁类药物、促胃肠动力类药物、质子泵抑制剂、利胆类药物及中医药等,临床需根据患者可能的病理生理机制进行针对性用药。
胆汁反流诱导胃黏膜损伤主要是由于含有胆汁酸、胰液、小肠液等的十二指肠内容物逆向反流进入胃内,破坏正常胃黏膜屏障,造成胃酸向胃上皮细胞内反渗,导致胃黏膜发生充血、水肿、糜烂、溃疡等慢性炎症改变,长期刺激可进一步发生GIM甚至癌变[14]。胆汁反流可通过以下几种途径诱导胃黏膜损伤:首先胆汁酸反流入胃后在胃酸的作用下转化为游离状态,脂溶性增强,易溶解胃黏膜上皮细胞脂质,破坏其形态结构,导致上皮细胞的细胞膜与细胞间连接发生溶解,造成细胞通透性增加而死亡[15]。其次,进入胃内的胆盐可破坏胃黏膜保护屏障并使胃黏膜保护酶失活,导致胃黏膜上皮细胞中H+大量进入胃内,激活反流物内的磷脂酶A2,促使卵磷脂转化为溶血卵磷脂,而溶血卵磷脂可增强胆盐对胃黏膜的破坏作用,同时也可与胰蛋白酶等共同破坏上皮细胞的细胞膜[16]。此外,反流入胃的胆盐一方面能使H+逆向扩散,刺激胃内肥大细胞释放组胺,促进胃酸分泌,加重胃黏膜损伤;另一方面可刺激胃窦部G细胞分泌促胃液素,后者可抑制幽门括约肌收缩并促进胃酸分泌,进而加重胆汁反流及胃黏膜损伤,形成恶性循环[17]。还有研究发现,结合型牛磺胆酸在胃酸性环境内基本不受影响,可持续存在并引起胃黏膜慢性炎症反应,从而导致GIM甚至癌变[18-19]
GIM是正常胃黏膜上皮细胞由于长期受到慢性炎症刺激转分化为肠型上皮细胞的现象,病理表现为出现潘氏细胞、杯状细胞、吸收性上皮细胞等,是胃癌的癌前病变之一。炎症反应是GIM发生过程中的重要病理因素,长期持续的炎症刺激可破坏胃黏膜正常结构,致使正常胃腺体及胃特殊细胞丧失,进而发展为GIM、不典型增生甚至癌变[20],且炎症反应可诱发机体神经内分泌系统及应激反应的功能反馈,可通过形成“炎症-应激反应-高血糖-炎症”的恶性循环进一步加重炎症反应[21],最终导致GIM、胃癌的发生。因此,引起胃黏膜长期炎症刺激的因素均与GIM的发生密切相关,年龄、性别、HP感染、饮酒、吸烟、胆汁酸刺激等均是GIM的危险因素,可能共同参与并促进了GIM的发生发展[22]
解剖学上,根据GIM的病变范围可分为局限性病变及弥漫性病变。局限性病变是指GIM仅存在于胃部的1个区域,而弥漫性病变是指GIM存在于胃部的2个及以上区域。组织学上,根据GIM在HE染色下的细胞特点可分为完全型肠化生和不完全型肠化生[23]。完全型肠化生是指胃黏膜上皮细胞被小肠黏膜上皮细胞取代,表现为出现成熟的小肠吸收细胞、杯状细胞及刷状缘;不完全型肠化生则类似结肠上皮细胞,在不同的分化阶段可出现柱状“中间”细胞,不伴刷状缘,可分泌唾液黏蛋白。另外,根据细胞分泌黏蛋白的不同,又可将GIM分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型肠化生[24]。Ⅰ型肠化生也称完全型肠化生,主要表现为非分泌性吸收细胞和分泌唾液黏蛋白的杯状细胞;Ⅱ型肠化生和Ⅲ型肠化生也称不完全型肠化生,其中Ⅱ型肠化生主要表现为分泌唾液黏蛋白的柱状细胞,Ⅲ型肠化生主要表现为分泌硫磺素的柱状细胞。
20世纪80年代,美国学者Correa提出了胃癌的发生模型,即Correa模型,然后经过两次更新,最终形成“非萎缩性胃炎-多灶萎缩性胃炎不伴肠化生-完全型肠化生-不完全型肠化生-低级别异型增生-高级别不典型增生-浸润性腺癌”的胃癌发生模型[25]。有观点认为肠化生是胃癌发生过程的“不可逆点”,一旦慢性胃炎进展为肠化生,就无法阻止其继续进展,因此,GIM是胃黏膜由良性转变为恶性的关键[26]。张迪等[27]发现,与慢性胃炎相比,轻度GIM发生胃癌的风险增加17.4倍,重度GIM发生胃癌的风险增加29.3倍,另有研究认为每39例GIM患者中就有1例在20年内进展为胃癌,可见GIM是胃癌的重要癌前病变[28]。此外,一项包括12项研究的荟萃分析结果显示,与完全型肠化生相比,不完全型肠化生发生胃癌的风险更高,且Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型肠化生发生胃癌的风险逐渐增高[29],与González等[30]的研究结果一致,这些研究均支持不完全型肠化生可作为预测胃癌风险的危险因素。除了GIM分型以外,GIM的分布范围也可作为胃癌风险的预测因素。由于GIM通常起源于胃窦部并逐渐扩散,当其由局限性肠化生进展至弥漫性肠化生时,发生胃癌的风险将明显增高[31]
尽管1833年William Beaumont已观察到胆汁反流现象,但此后的一个世纪,人们一直认为胆汁反流属外科疾病,只存在于行胃部手术的患者[32]。然而随着研究的深入,人们发现在未行胃部手术的患者中也存在胆汁反流现象,且与胃炎、GIM、胃息肉、胃癌等多种疾病有关。为探索胆汁反流与GIM的关系,Li等[33]回顾性分析了30 465例行胃镜检查患者的资料,发现胆汁反流是胃癌的癌前病变及危险因素,且Ⅲ度胆汁反流与胃黏膜疾病进展相关,与Zhang等[34]研究结果一致。此外,为进一步探究反流入胃的胆汁酸浓度、成分与GIM的关系,Matsuhisa等[35-36]进行了一项多中心前瞻性研究,测定胃液中胆汁酸浓度并与GIM风险进行相关性分析,发现胃液中高浓度的胆汁酸与GIM风险升高密切相关。还有研究发现,胃液中胆汁酸可促进胃黏膜萎缩及GIM进展,不伴炎性细胞浸润,且胆汁酸浓度>1000 μmol/L时,发生胃癌的风险明显升高[37]。另有研究对胃液中胆汁酸成分与GIM的关系进行分析,发现胃液中结合胆汁酸浓度升高与GIM的发生密切相关,但该研究样本量较少,需进一步通过大样本、高质量的研究进行验证[38]。此外,有基础研究证实胆汁反流可引起GIM,研究者通过构建胆汁反流动物模型并连续观察30周,发现超过40%的大鼠胃黏膜发生肠化生[39],提示胆汁反流在GIM的发生过程中发挥着重要作用。
尽管已证实胆汁酸长期刺激可诱导GIM,但其具体分子机制仍未完全清楚。目前研究已证实尾型同源盒转录因子2(caudal-related homeobox 2,CDX2)、性别决定区Y框蛋白2(sex determining region Y-box 2,SOX2)、法尼酯衍生物X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1(G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1,GPBAR1,又称TGR5)、miRNA等多种分子参与了胆汁酸诱导GIM的发生发展过程。
CDX2属尾型同源盒转录因子家族成员,是一种肠道特异性转录因子,可直接参与调控肠道细胞的增殖和分化、肠道发育、肠道表型维持等多种生物学过程。在健康成人体内,CDX2仅表达于肠道,而在胃黏膜中不表达,当胃黏膜发生肠化生时,CDX2表达量可明显升高,CDX2的激活也被认为是GIM发生过程中起始动作用的关键因素,与GIM的发生发展密切相关[40]。有研究发现,高表达CDX2的小鼠胃黏膜可出现广泛肠化生,不仅形态上类似肠组织,且具备肠道的部分功能[41]。Li等[42]通过构建胆汁酸诱导GIM的细胞模型,发现胆汁酸可通过激活FXR/NF-κB通路调控胃上皮细胞CDX2及其下游分子黏蛋白2(MUC2)的表达,参与GIM的发生发展过程。与此相似,Yue等[43]研究发现胆汁酸可通过ALKBH5/ZNF333/NF-κB通路调控CDX2的表达,其中也有NF-κB信号通路的参与。另有研究指出鹅去氧胆酸可通过激活其受体FXR上调CDX2的表达,从而促进GIM的发生发展,该过程需要酪氨酸磷酸酶(SHP)的调控[44]。诸如此类的研究还有很多。总的来说,CDX2表达上调更像是胆汁酸诱导肠化生各通路的交汇点,目前研究的大多数通路均通过激活CDX2来调控肠道特异性分子的表达,促进GIM的发生发展[45],但胆汁酸调控并激活CDX2的具体分子机制尚未完全清楚,仍需进一步研究。
SOX2属SRY蛋白相关HMG盒家族成员,主要参与细胞增殖及转分化、胚胎发育、器官形成、组织稳态维持等生物学过程[46]。在人类消化道内,SOX2仅表达于胃底及胃幽门区域,而在肠道内不表达,可参与胃内几乎所有细胞系的发育及胃相关特异性基因的转录调控,是一种与胃分化密切相关的关键转录分子[47]。有研究发现,SOX2在胆汁酸诱导的GIM组织中表达下调,且胆汁反流级别越高,SOX2表达率越低,肠化生越倾向于不完全型[48]。另有研究认为在GIM组织中,CDX2的高表达常伴随SOX2的低表达,两者表达模式相反[49]。然而SOX2与CDX2在GIM中的调控关系目前仍存在争议,尚不清楚SOX2的低表达仅为肠化生过程的伴随现象,还是其本身即可引起CDX2的高表达[50]。袁挺[51]通过分析SOX2与CDX2在肠化生中的作用发现,SOX2与CDX2可形成复合物以抑制CDX2对下游分子的转录活性,当胃上皮细胞受到胆汁酸刺激后,一方面可上调CDX2的表达以促进肠化生,另一方面可通过上调miR-21的表达以抑制SOX2的表达,进而减弱SOX2对CDX2的抑制作用,增强CDX2的活性,促进肠化生的发生,可见SOX2低表达并非肠化生的伴随现象,其本身即可导致肠化生的发生,由SOX2与CDX2构成的调控网络可能在肠化生的发生发展中发挥重要作用[52]
FXR属核激素受体超家族成员,是胆汁酸最关键的受体之一,也是机体胆汁酸稳态最有力的调控因子,可参与胆汁酸合成、转运、肠道重吸收等过程,在胆汁酸、胆固醇及脂质稳态方面发挥重要作用,同时也参与了机体的细胞增殖与分化、免疫调节、炎症反应、葡萄糖及脂质代谢等生物学过程[53]。在人体中,FXR主要表达于肠道、肝脏、肾脏及肾上腺等组织,而在正常胃黏膜中表达量较低,其异常表达与胃癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤密切相关[54]。此外,有研究证实FXR也参与了胆汁酸诱导GIM的发生发展及包括CDX2、MUC2、SHP等在内的肠道特异性基因的调控[55]。Yu等[56]研究发现,在胆汁酸诱导的胃上皮细胞化生模型中,胆汁酸可通过激活FXR/NF-κB信号通路以上调CDX2、MUC2的表达,也有研究认为SHP是生理性胆汁酸合成过程中FXR的下游靶基因,胆汁酸可通过其受体FXR调控下游SHP的表达,进而增强CDX2的活性,促进GIM的发生发展[44]。另有研究认为胆汁酸可通过FXR/SNAI2/miR-1轴调控HDAC6/HNF4α环,从而参与GIM的发生发展[57-58]。可见在胆汁酸诱导GIM的过程中,FXR可能参与其中,然而其调控下游靶基因的通路尚未完全清楚,可能是通过激活不同信号通路协同促进GIM的发生。
TGR5为G蛋白偶联受体家族的一员,是胆汁酸另外一个关键受体,属膜受体,主要表达于细胞膜及细胞质内。胆汁酸激活TGR5可导致受体内化并释放Gα亚基,进而激活腺苷酸环化酶,诱导产生环磷酸腺苷并激活蛋白激酶A途径,发挥对下游靶基因表达的调控作用,主要参与调控胆汁酸稳态、葡萄糖及脂质代谢、免疫功能、炎症反应、促癌或抑癌等过程[59]。TGR5可广泛表达于胃、肠道、肝脏、免疫细胞等,其在正常胃黏膜及胃炎组织中表达较弱,而在GIM及胃癌组织中表达明显上调,与GIM、胃癌的发生发展密切相关[60],Cao等[61]研究发现,在多数胃腺癌中,胆汁酸可激活TGR5以促进细胞增殖,且TGR5可在多数胃腺癌中过表达,并与患者的不良预后密切相关。Ni等[62]发现在胆汁酸诱导肠化生细胞模型中,胆汁酸可通过激活TGR5-ERK1/2-HNF4α轴上调CDX2及KLF4的表达,以发挥其促GIM作用。与FXR一样,胆汁酸也可通过激活其受体TGR5促进肠化生,阻断胆汁酸受体FXR及TGR5可能为有效防治GIM及胃癌提供新思路。
miRNA是一类存在于真核生物的重要调控分子,能够特异性识别并结合靶基因,引起靶基因的降解或翻译抑制,从而发挥对靶基因的调控作用。miRNA可广泛参与机体的多种生理及病理过程,包括早期胚胎发育、细胞增殖与凋亡、干细胞分化、器官形成及肿瘤发生等[63]。李红[64]比较了胆汁酸诱导肠化生细胞与正常胃上皮细胞的miRNA谱,结果显示,与正常胃上皮细胞相比,肠化生细胞中有1087种miRNA表达上调,120种miRNA表达下调,其中miR-92a的表达上调最明显,高达119倍,认为胆汁酸可能通过miR-92a靶向调控叉头框蛋白D1(FOXD1)以上调CDX2的表达,促进GIM的发生发展。同时,该课题组进一步研究发现,胆汁酸可通过miR-92a-1-5p/FOXD1/NF-κB/CDX2轴促进肠化生的发生发展[65],另有研究认为miR-30-HNF4γ与miR-194-NR2F2可形成调控网络,以促进肠道特异性分子的表达,诱导肠化生的发生发展[66]。随着研究的深入,人们逐渐发现了miR-1、miR-21、miR-24-3p等多种miRNA参与了GIM的发生发展[50,57,67]。可见miRNA在GIM中的作用不容忽视,可能通过调控多种信号通路促进GIM的发生发展。
胆汁酸长期反复作用于胃黏膜可导致胃黏膜屏障的损伤及破坏,进而诱发GIM甚至癌变,然而反流入胃的胆汁酸诱导GIM的具体机制尚未完全清楚,尽管目前已发现CDX2、SOX2、FXR等多种分子参与其中,但其调控机制尚未完全阐明,需进一步深入研究。胆汁反流诱导的GIM如何治疗目前尚没有明确的诊疗指南,是否能够通过抑制胆汁反流或通过药物阻断其受体TGR5及FXR以改善或逆转GIM尚需进一步探究。随着人们对HP感染的逐渐重视,HP感染根除率也越来越高,其诱导的GIM发生率逐年下降,而胆汁反流诱导的GIM已逐渐成为研究热点。随着研究的深入,胆汁反流诱导GIM的分子机制会更加清晰,并将为早期预防与治疗GIM及胃癌提供新的靶点。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Trieu JA, Bilal M, Saraireh H, et al. Update on the diagnosis and management of gastric intestinal metaplasia in the USA[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(5): 1079-1088.
[2]
Correa P. A human model of gastric carcinogenesis[J]. Cancer Res, 1988, 48(13): 3554-3560.
[3]
Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process -- First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention[J]. Cancer Res, 1992, 52(24): 6735-6740.
[4]
Shao LM, Li PW, Ye J, et al. Risk of gastric cancer among patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Int J Cancer, 2018, 143(7):1671-1677.
[5]
Shi M. Expression and significance of bile acid receptors (FXR and TGR5) in gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer[D].Xi'an: Xi'an Medical University, 2019.
[石淼. 胆汁酸受体(FXR和TGR5)在胃黏膜肠上皮化生及胃癌中的表达及意义[D].西安: 西安医学院, 2019.]
[6]
Rokkas T, Pistiolas D, Sechopoulos P, et al. The long-term impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Helicobacter, 2007, 12(Suppl 2): 32-38.
[7]
Ding H, Chen SL, Li J, et al. Correlation of total bile acid in gastric juice and Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Chin J Gastroenter, 2013, 18(1): 11-15.
[丁慧, 陈胜良, 李吉, 等. 胃液总胆汁酸和幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜肠化生的相关性研究[J]. 胃肠病学, 2013, 18(1):11-15.]
[8]
Li JP, Liu ZZ, Shen GF, et al. Research progress of bile acid-intestinal flora and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46(12): 1258-1262.
[李进鹏, 刘真真, 申高飞, 等. 胆汁酸-肠道菌群与腹泻型肠易激综合征的研究进展[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(12): 1258-1262.]
[9]
Ticho AL, Malhotra P, Dudeja PK, et al. Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease[J]. Compr Physiol, 2019, 10(1):21-56.
[10]
Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Carino A, et al. Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders[J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2021, 82:101094.
[11]
Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, et al. Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer (Review)[J]. Oncol Rep, 2021, 46(5):244.
[12]
de Bortoli N, Gyawali CP, Frazzoni M, et al. Bile reflux in patients with nerd is associated with more severe heartburn and lower values of Mean nocturnal baseline impedance and chemical clearance[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2020, 32(12): e13919.
[13]
McCabe ME 4th, Dilly CK. New causes for the old problem of bile reflux gastritis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 16(9):1389-1392.
[14]
Othman AAA, Dwedar AAZ, ElSadek HM, et al. Bile reflux gastropathy: prevalence and risk factors after therapeutic biliary interventions: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021, 72: 103168.
[15]
Chen DF, Yang Y. Damage mechanism of bile reflux on esophageal and gastric mucosal barrier[J]. Chin J Dig, 2016, 36(6): 363-365.
[陈东风, 杨洋. 胆汁反流对食管胃黏膜屏障的损伤机制[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2016, 36(6): 363-365.]
[16]
Wu LZ, He Y, Qu YT, et al. Advances on the researches of the correlation between bile reflux and gastric polyps[J]. Mod Dig Interv, 2021, 26(6): 796-799.
[吴李珠, 何英, 屈元婷, 等. 胆汁反流与胃息肉相关性的研究进展[J]. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2021, 26(6): 796-799.]
[17]
Bechi P, Amorosi A, Mazzanti R, et al. Reflux-related gastric mucosal injury is associated with increased mucosal histamine content in humans[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 104(4): 1057-1063.
[18]
Sobala GM, O'Connor HJ, Dewar EP, et al. Bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa[J]. J Clin Pathol, 1993, 46(3): 235-240.
[19]
Nehra D, Howell P, Williams CP, et al. Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: influence of gastric acidity[J]. Gut, 1999, 44(5): 598-602.
[20]
Meyer AR, Goldenring JR. Injury, repair, inflammation and metaplasia in the stomach[J]. J Physiol, 2018, 596(17): 3861-3867.
[21]
Zhu JM, Chen G, Qin JJ, et al. Effects of abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammation on gastric cancer[J]. J Lanzhou Univ (Med Sci), 2018, 44(1): 83-88.
[朱军民, 陈刚, 秦俊杰, 等. 糖代谢异常和炎症对胃癌的影响[J]. 兰州大学学报(医学版), 2018, 44(1): 83-88.]
[22]
Jiang JX, Liu Q, Zhao B, et al. Risk factors for intestinal metaplasia in a southeastern Chinese population: an analysis of 28, 745 cases[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2017, 143(3): 409-418.
[23]
Aumpan N, Vilaichone RK, Nunanan P, et al. Predictors for development of complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IM) associated with H. pylori infection: a large-scale study from low prevalence area of gastric cancer (IM-HP trial)[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(10): e0239434.
[24]
Shah SC, Gawron AJ, Mustafa RA, et al. Histologic subtyping of gastric intestinal metaplasia: overview and considerations for clinical practice[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(3): 745-750.
[25]
Correa P, Piazuelo MB. The gastric precancerous cascade[J]. J Dig Dis, 2012, 13(1): 2-9.
[26]
Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2018, 378(12): 1085-1095.
[27]
Zhang D, Ke L, Shi YQ. Pay attention to the follow-up and monitoring of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa[J]. Chin J Dig, 2015, 35(3): 155-157.
[张迪, 柯丽, 时永全. 重视胃黏膜肠上皮化生的随访与监测[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2015, 35(3):155-157.]
[28]
Song H, Ekheden IG, Zheng ZL, et al. Incidence of gastric cancer among patients with gastric precancerous lesions: observational cohort study in a low risk Western population[J]. BMJ, 2015, 351: h3867.
[29]
Wei N, Zhou MY, Lei SY, et al. A meta-analysis and systematic review on subtypes of gastric intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia risk[J]. Cancer Cell Int, 2021, 21(1): 173.
[30]
González CA, Sanz-Anquela JM, Gisbert JP, et al. Utility of subtyping intestinal metaplasia as marker of gastric cancer risk.A review of the evidence[J]. Int J Cancer, 2013, 133(5): 1023-1032.
[31]
Wei N, Zhong ZH, Shi RH. A novel method of grading gastric intestinal metaplasia based on the combination of subtype and distribution[J]. Cancer Cell Int, 2021, 21(1): 61.
[32]
Beaumont W. Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and the physiology of digestion[J]. Nutr Rev, 1977, 35(6): 144-145.
[33]
Li D, Zhang J, Yao WZ, et al. The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: a retrospective study[J]. J Dig Dis, 2020, 21(4): 222-229.
[34]
Zhang LY, Zhang J, Li D, et al. Bile reflux is an independent risk factor for precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer: an observational cross-sectional study[J]. J Dig Dis, 2021, 22(5):282-290.
[35]
Matsuhisa T, Arakawa T, Watanabe T, et al. Relation between bile acid reflux into the stomach and the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a multicenter study of 2283 cases[J]. Dig Endosc, 2013, 25(5): 519-525.
[36]
Matsuhisa T, Tsukui T. Relation between reflux of bile acids into the stomach and gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia in biopsy specimens[J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2012, 50(3): 217-221.
[37]
Tatsugami M, Ito M, Tanaka S, et al. Bile acid promotes intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2012, 21(11): 2101-2107.
[38]
Zhao AH, Wang SL, Chen WL, et al. Increased levels of conjugated bile acids are associated with human bile reflux gastritis[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 11601.
[39]
M'Harzi L, Chevallier JM, Certain A, et al. Long-term evaluation of biliary reflux on esogastric mucosae after one-anastomosis gastric bypass and esojejunostomy in rats[J]. Obes Surg, 2020, 30(7): 2598-2605.
[40]
Barros R, Freund JN, David L, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia revisited: function and regulation of CDX2[J]. Trends Mol Med, 2012, 18(9): 555-563.
[41]
Silberg DG, Sullivan J, Kang E, et al. Cdx2 ectopic expression induces gastric intestinal metaplasia in transgenic mice[J].Gastroenterology, 2002, 122(3): 689-696.
[42]
Li S, Chen X, Zhou L, et al. Farnesoid X receptor signal is involved in deoxycholic acid-induced intestinal metaplasia of normal human gastric epithelial cells[J]. Oncol Rep, 2015, 34(5): 2674-2682.
[43]
Yue B, Cui R, Zheng RZ, et al. Essential role of ALKBH5-mediated RNA demethylation modification in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2021, 26: 458-472.
[44]
Zhou HN, Ni Z, Li T, et al. Activation of FXR promotes intestinal metaplasia of gastric cells via SHP-dependent upregulation of the expression of CDX2[J]. Oncol Lett, 2018, 15(5): 7617-7624.
[45]
Xu XJ, Cheng JN, Luo SZ, et al. Deoxycholic acid-stimulated macrophage-derived exosomes promote intestinal metaplasia and suppress proliferation in human gastric epithelial cells[J].Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 887: 173566.
[46]
Sarkar A, Hochedlinger K. The sox family of transcription factors: versatile regulators of stem and progenitor cell fate[J].Cell Stem Cell, 2013, 12(1): 15-30.
[47]
Yoon JH, Choi SS, Kim O, et al. Inactivation of NKX6.3 in the stomach leads to abnormal expression of CDX2 and SOX2 required for gastric-to-intestinal transdifferentiation[J]. Mod Pathol, 2016, 29(2): 194-208.
[48]
Su BW, Lin Q, Wang JJ. Relationship between bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and related molecular mechanism [J].J Shanxi Med Univ, 2021, 52(3): 344-349.
[苏保伟, 林强, 王景杰. 胆汁反流性胃炎与肠化生的关系及其分子机制[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2021, 52(3): 344-349.]
[49]
Niu HJ, Jia YC, Li T, et al. SOX2 inhibition promotes promoter demethylation of CDX2 to facilitate gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2017, 62(1): 124-132.
[50]
Yuan T, Ni Z, Han C, et al. SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J].Cancer Cell Int, 2019, 19: 24.
[51]
Yuan T. SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[D]. Xi'an: Air Force Medical University, 2019.
[袁挺. SOX2在胆汁酸诱导的肠化生中抑制CDX2功能的研究[D]. 西安: 空军军医大学, 2019.]
[52]
Camilo V, Garrido M, Valente P, et al. Differentiation reprogramming in gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: role of SOX2 and CDX2[J]. Histopathology, 2015, 66(3): 343-350.
[53]
Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM. Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2020, 318(3): G554-G573.
[54]
Fu T, Coulter S, Yoshihara E, et al. FXR regulates intestinal cancer stem cell proliferation[J]. Cell, 2019, 176(5): 1098-1112.e18.
[55]
Xu YJ, Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, et al. Bile acids induce cdx2 expression through the farnesoid x receptor in gastric epithelial cells[J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2010, 46(1): 81-86.
[56]
Yu JH, Zheng JB, Qi J, et al. Bile acids promote gastric intestinal metaplasia by upregulating CDX2 and MUC2 expression via the FXR/NF-κB signalling pathway[J]. Int J Oncol, 2019, 54(3):879-892.
[57]
Wang N, Wu SR, Zhao J, et al. Bile acids increase intestinal marker expression via the FXR/SNAI2/miR-1 axis in the stomach[J]. Cell Oncol (Dordr), 2021, 44(5): 1119-1131.
[58]
Wang N, Chen M, Ni Z, et al. HDAC6/HNF4α loop mediated by miR-1 promotes bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Gastric Cancer, 2021, 24(1): 103-116.
[59]
Carino A, Graziosi L, D'Amore C, et al. The bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5) is expressed in human gastric cancers and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cell lines[J]. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(38): 61021-61035.
[60]
Shi M, Liu CF, Sun NN, et al. Expression and significance of TGR5 and CDX2 in gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma[J]. Prog Mod Biomed, 2019, 19(12): 2334-2339, 2386.
[石淼, 刘彩芳, 孙妮娜, 等. TGR5和CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌中的表达及意义[J]. 现代生物医学进展, 2019, 19(12): 2334-2339, 2386.]
[61]
Cao WB, Tian W, Hong J, et al. Expression of bile acid receptor TGR5 in gastric adenocarcinoma[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2013, 304(4): G322-G327.
[62]
Ni Z, Min YL, Han C, et al. TGR5-HNF4α axis contributes to bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia markers expression[J]. Cell Death Discov, 2020, 6: 56.
[63]
Watari J, Ito C, Shimoda T, et al. DNA methylation silencing of microRNA gene methylator in the precancerous background mucosa with and without gastric cancer: analysis of the effects of H. pylori eradication and long-term aspirin use[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 12559.
[64]
Li H. The role and underlying mechanisms of miR-92a in the activation of CDX2 in gastric intestinal metaplasia[D]. Xi'an: Air Force Medical University, 2014.
[李红. miR-92a在胃黏膜肠上皮化生中调控CDX2的作用与机制研究[D]. 西安: 第四军医大学, 2014.]
[65]
Li T, Guo H, Li H, et al. MicroRNA-92a-1-5p increases CDX2 by targeting FOXD1 in bile acids-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(10): 1751-1763.
[66]
Sousa JF, Nam KT, Petersen CP, et al. miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach[J]. Gut, 2016, 65(6): 914-924.
[67]
Gil-Gómez G, Fassan M, Nonell L, et al. miR-24-3p regulates CDX2 during intestinalization of cardiac-type epithelium in a human model of Barrett's esophagus[J]. Dis Esophagus, 2021, 34(7): doab005.
2023年第48卷第3期
PDF下载
312
140
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360
  • 接收时间:2022-02-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-03-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-28
  • 录用日期:2022-04-13
基金
作者信息
    空军军医大学第二附属医院消化内科,陕西西安 710038

通讯作者:

王景杰,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0360
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏