Article(id=1203053369591034196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0283, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1652371200000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1667491200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-04, onlineDate=1764759874961, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1679932800000, pubDateStr=2023-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764759874961, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764759874961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764759874961, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203053366290113441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764759874174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764810242575, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=283, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203053370916434274, articleId=1203053369591034196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of MIP-1α on osteo-differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) on proliferation, migration and osteo-differentiation of human periodontal stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its possible mechanism. Methods A total of 16 healthy teeth (orthodontic minus premolar or blocked third molar) extracted from patients aged 12 to 25 years attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 2020 to October 2021 were collected and primary stem cells were cultured by tissue block method combined with enzymatic digestion, and the cell phenotype was identified by flow cytometry. (1) Cell biological characteristics experiment: the 3rd generation hPDLSCs were divided into 0 (control group), 1 and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups, and each group was then added with α-MEM medium containing volume fraction of 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 2 mmol/L glutamine, respectively, and the proliferation ability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method after 24, 48 and 72 h of intervention. The lateral migration ability of cells in each group was detected by scratch assay after 24 h of intervention. (2) Effect and possible mechanism of osteo-differentiation: 3rd generation hPDLSCs were divided into 0 (control group) 1 and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups, and osteogenic induction solution was added to each group, and osteogenic ability of cells was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and semi-quantitative analysis 7 d after intervention and by alizarin red staining and semi-quantitative analysis 14 d after intervention;osteogenic ability of cells was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic genes Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone bridge protein (OPN) and transcription factor SP7 (Osterix) and Notch1 receptor,Jagged 1 ligand and downstream factor Hey1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting 7 d after intervention. Results Flow cytometry results showed that hPDLSCs STRO-1 and CD146 showed positive expression, and CD34 showed negative expression.(1) In the experiment of cell biological characteristics, the results of CCK-8 method showed that the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05) in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups at 24 h and 48 h compared with control group; at 72 h, the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05) in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group compared with control group, while the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs in 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of scratch assay showed that the difference of scratch healing rate of cells in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group was not statistically significant compared with that in control group (P>0.05), while the scratch healing rate of 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group was significantly higher (P<0.05). (2) In the experiments of the effect of osteo-differentiation and possible mechanism, ALP staining and semi-quantitative results showed that the ALP activity was obviously lower in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups than that in control group (P<0.05). The results of alizarin red staining and semi-quantification showed that the number of mineralized nodules in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups were significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the osteogenesis-related genes Runx2, OPN and Osterix mRNA and protein expression levels in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant compared with control group, while those in the 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Notch1 mRNA and protein expression levels in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); Jagged1 and Hey1 mRNA and protein expression levels in 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). while the differences were not statistically significant in the 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group (P>0.05). Conclusion MIP-1α can promote proliferation and inhibit the osteo-differentiation of hPDLSCs, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway activation.

, correspAuthors=Negati Tursun, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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目的 探讨巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)对人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖、迁移、骨向分化的影响及其可能的机制。方法 收集2020年11月-2021年10月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科门诊就诊的12~25岁患者拔除的健康牙(正畸减数前磨牙或阻生的第三磨牙)共16颗,组织块法联合酶消化法培养原代干细胞,并采用流式细胞术鉴定细胞表型。(1)细胞生物学特性实验:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组,各组再分别加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青链霉素、2 mmol/L谷氨酰胺的α-MEM培养基,干预24、48、72 h后采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,干预24 h后采用划痕实验检测各组细胞横向迁移能力。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组,分别加入成骨诱导液,干预7 d后采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色及半定量分析、干预14 d后采用茜素红染色及半定量分析检测细胞成骨能力;干预7 d后采用qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测成骨相关基因Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、转录因子SP7(Osterix)及Notch信号通路相关分子Notch1受体、Jagged1配体及下游因子Hey1的mRNA及蛋白表达情况。结果 流式细胞术检测结果显示,hPDLSCs STRO-1、CD146呈阳性表达,CD34呈阴性表达。(1)细胞生物学特性实验中,CCK-8法结果显示,与对照组比较,24、48 h时1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);72 h时,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值明显增高(P<0.05)。划痕实验结果显示,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组细胞划痕愈合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组划痕愈合率明显增高(P<0.05)。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制实验中,ALP染色及半定量结果显示,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组ALP活性均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。茜素红染色及半定量结果显示,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组矿化结节数量均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR和Western blotting结果显示,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs的成骨相关基因Runx2OPNOsterix mRNA及蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组均明显降低(P<0.05)。1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Notch1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jagged1Hey1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),而1 μg/ml MIP-1α组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 MIP-1α可促进hPDLSCs增殖,抑制hPDLSCs骨向分化,其机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路的激活相关。

, correspAuthors=吐尔逊尼加提·, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
尼加提·吐尔逊,E-mail:
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王钊鑫,硕士研究生,主要从事口腔修复与种植方面的研究

, authorsList=王钊鑫, 李淑慧, 代慧娟, 齐鲁, 刘紫薇, 吐尔逊尼加提·)}, authors=[Author(id=1203053373676286474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203053373768561171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, authorId=1203053373676286474, language=EN, stringName=Zhao-Xin Wang, firstName=Zhao-Xin, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
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王钊鑫,硕士研究生,主要从事口腔修复与种植方面的研究

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王钊鑫,硕士研究生,主要从事口腔修复与种植方面的研究

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hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;A. 原代细胞,第8天;B. 第3代细胞

, figureFileSmall=P7m4AjOyfb8DZFy7O8Ubuw==, figureFileBig=fkgdn2al0elRVMOdBFvOOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053377803481784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cell surface markers of human periodontal ligament stem cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=cblY+LX6lEDrvgNhRg2Cyw==, figureFileBig=+he3UO3Xz6vVvSD4b0n9ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053377878979261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图2, caption=hPDLSCs表面标志物的表达情况(n=3)

hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞

, figureFileSmall=cblY+LX6lEDrvgNhRg2Cyw==, figureFileBig=+he3UO3Xz6vVvSD4b0n9ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053377971253955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of MIP-1α on the proliferation of hPDLSCs ($\bar{x}±s$,n=4), figureFileSmall=U82R4GMeCB2YZA2ICYBr0Q==, figureFileBig=dTTe1JvLwJN+cCPeaurUUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053378080305861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs增殖的影响($\bar{x}±s$, n=4)

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=U82R4GMeCB2YZA2ICYBr0Q==, figureFileBig=dTTe1JvLwJN+cCPeaurUUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053378189357772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of MIP-1α on the migration of hPDLSCs, figureFileSmall=nVRiBbKLyAE7NXNj9qnUxQ==, figureFileBig=SJ7tVUkAFigHqMfasdVRaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053378302603982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs划痕愈合率的影响

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;A. 划痕实验;B. 划痕愈合率($\bar{x}±s$, n=3);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=nVRiBbKLyAE7NXNj9qnUxQ==, figureFileBig=SJ7tVUkAFigHqMfasdVRaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053378390684371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effect of MIP-1α on alkaline phosphatase of hPDLSCs for 7 days, figureFileSmall=I1b33Na7d8zUjA5awUGm2A==, figureFileBig=ig5zxSmeei2wLF0WmT2l0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053378503930585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs作用7 d后ALP染色及半定量结果

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;ALP. 碱性磷酸酶;A. ALP染色;B. ALP的相对表达水平($\bar{x}±s$, n=3);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=I1b33Na7d8zUjA5awUGm2A==, figureFileBig=ig5zxSmeei2wLF0WmT2l0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053379741250270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effect of MIP-1α on the staining of human periodontal membrane stem cells for 14 days, figureFileSmall=9QD4L6Lb8UQ+VsiXMtAEcA==, figureFileBig=vytjpzwqjRvyfpTNTp7pog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053379858690787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图6, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs作用14 d后茜素红染色及半定量结果

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;A. 茜素红染色结果;B. 钙盐沉积量的相对表达水平($\bar{x}±s$, n=3);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=9QD4L6Lb8UQ+VsiXMtAEcA==, figureFileBig=vytjpzwqjRvyfpTNTp7pog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053379942576869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of MIP-1α on the mRNA expression of osteogenic- and Notch signaling pathway-related genes in hPDLSCs ($\bar{x}±s$, n=3), figureFileSmall=GYYoXty0+R9ab0n7rTKLOA==, figureFileBig=U7nAeacn5aC05vmBz0Ciug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053380051628777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图7, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs成骨及Notch信号通路相关基因mRNA表达的影响($\bar{x}±s$, n=3)

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=GYYoXty0+R9ab0n7rTKLOA==, figureFileBig=U7nAeacn5aC05vmBz0Ciug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053380156486382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of MIP-1α on the expression of osteogenic and Notch signaling pathway-related molecules in hPDLSCs, figureFileSmall=5nM+yh984XGuupi2D+sj4A==, figureFileBig=sn4almVMd8yZoTobgcN7+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053380244566768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=图8, caption=MIP-1α对hPDLSCs成骨及Notch信号通路相关分子蛋白表达的影响

MIP-1α. 巨噬细胞阳性蛋白-1α;hPDLSCs. 人牙周膜干细胞;A. Western blotting检测;B. 各相关分子蛋白的表达水平($\bar{x}±s$, n=3);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=5nM+yh984XGuupi2D+sj4A==, figureFileBig=sn4almVMd8yZoTobgcN7+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053380336841458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

qRT-PCR primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
Runx2正义:AGGCAGTTCCCAAGCATTTCATCC
反义:TGGCAGGTAGGTGTGGTAGTGAG
OPN正义:CAGCCGTGGGAACAGTTATG
反义:TCACATCGGAATGCTCATTGCTCTC
Osterix正义:ATAGTGGGCAGCTAGAAGGGAGTG
反义:ATTAGGGCAGTCGCAGGAGGAG
Notch1正义:TCCACCAGTTTGAATGGTCAAT
反义:CGCAGAGGGTTGTATTGGTTC
Jagged1正义:ATTACCAGGATAACTGTGCGAA
反义:CAAATGTGCTCCGTAGTAAGAC
Hey1正义:GAAGTTGCGCGTTATCTGAG
反义:GTTGAGATGCGAAACCAGTC
GAPDH正义:ACAACTTTGGTATCGTGGAAGG
反义:GCCATCACGCCACAGTTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1203053380420727540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369591034196, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
Runx2正义:AGGCAGTTCCCAAGCATTTCATCC
反义:TGGCAGGTAGGTGTGGTAGTGAG
OPN正义:CAGCCGTGGGAACAGTTATG
反义:TCACATCGGAATGCTCATTGCTCTC
Osterix正义:ATAGTGGGCAGCTAGAAGGGAGTG
反义:ATTAGGGCAGTCGCAGGAGGAG
Notch1正义:TCCACCAGTTTGAATGGTCAAT
反义:CGCAGAGGGTTGTATTGGTTC
Jagged1正义:ATTACCAGGATAACTGTGCGAA
反义:CAAATGTGCTCCGTAGTAAGAC
Hey1正义:GAAGTTGCGCGTTATCTGAG
反义:GTTGAGATGCGAAACCAGTC
GAPDH正义:ACAACTTTGGTATCGTGGAAGG
反义:GCCATCACGCCACAGTTTC
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MIP-1α对人牙周膜干细胞骨向分化的影响及其机制
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王钊鑫 1, 2 , 李淑慧 1 , 代慧娟 1, 2 , 齐鲁 1 , 刘紫薇 1, 2 , 吐尔逊尼加提· 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(3): 283-291
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(3): 283-291
MIP-1α对人牙周膜干细胞骨向分化的影响及其机制
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王钊鑫1, 2, 李淑慧1, 代慧娟1, 2, 齐鲁1, 刘紫薇1, 2, 吐尔逊尼加提·1, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2新疆医科大学研究生院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 王钊鑫,硕士研究生,主要从事口腔修复与种植方面的研究

通讯作者:

尼加提·吐尔逊,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of MIP-1α on osteo-differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Zhao-Xin Wang1, 2, Shu-Hui Li1, Hui-Juan Dai1, 2, Lu Qi1, Zi-Wei Liu1, 2, Negati Tursun1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
  • 2Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
出版时间: 2023-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0283
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目的 探讨巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)对人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖、迁移、骨向分化的影响及其可能的机制。方法 收集2020年11月-2021年10月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科门诊就诊的12~25岁患者拔除的健康牙(正畸减数前磨牙或阻生的第三磨牙)共16颗,组织块法联合酶消化法培养原代干细胞,并采用流式细胞术鉴定细胞表型。(1)细胞生物学特性实验:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组,各组再分别加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青链霉素、2 mmol/L谷氨酰胺的α-MEM培养基,干预24、48、72 h后采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,干预24 h后采用划痕实验检测各组细胞横向迁移能力。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组,分别加入成骨诱导液,干预7 d后采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色及半定量分析、干预14 d后采用茜素红染色及半定量分析检测细胞成骨能力;干预7 d后采用qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测成骨相关基因Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、转录因子SP7(Osterix)及Notch信号通路相关分子Notch1受体、Jagged1配体及下游因子Hey1的mRNA及蛋白表达情况。结果 流式细胞术检测结果显示,hPDLSCs STRO-1、CD146呈阳性表达,CD34呈阴性表达。(1)细胞生物学特性实验中,CCK-8法结果显示,与对照组比较,24、48 h时1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);72 h时,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值明显增高(P<0.05)。划痕实验结果显示,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组细胞划痕愈合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组划痕愈合率明显增高(P<0.05)。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制实验中,ALP染色及半定量结果显示,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组ALP活性均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。茜素红染色及半定量结果显示,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组矿化结节数量均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR和Western blotting结果显示,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs的成骨相关基因Runx2OPNOsterix mRNA及蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组均明显降低(P<0.05)。1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Notch1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jagged1Hey1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),而1 μg/ml MIP-1α组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 MIP-1α可促进hPDLSCs增殖,抑制hPDLSCs骨向分化,其机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路的激活相关。

人牙周膜干细胞  /  Notch信号通路  /  巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α  /  成骨分化

Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) on proliferation, migration and osteo-differentiation of human periodontal stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its possible mechanism. Methods A total of 16 healthy teeth (orthodontic minus premolar or blocked third molar) extracted from patients aged 12 to 25 years attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 2020 to October 2021 were collected and primary stem cells were cultured by tissue block method combined with enzymatic digestion, and the cell phenotype was identified by flow cytometry. (1) Cell biological characteristics experiment: the 3rd generation hPDLSCs were divided into 0 (control group), 1 and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups, and each group was then added with α-MEM medium containing volume fraction of 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 2 mmol/L glutamine, respectively, and the proliferation ability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method after 24, 48 and 72 h of intervention. The lateral migration ability of cells in each group was detected by scratch assay after 24 h of intervention. (2) Effect and possible mechanism of osteo-differentiation: 3rd generation hPDLSCs were divided into 0 (control group) 1 and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups, and osteogenic induction solution was added to each group, and osteogenic ability of cells was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and semi-quantitative analysis 7 d after intervention and by alizarin red staining and semi-quantitative analysis 14 d after intervention;osteogenic ability of cells was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic genes Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone bridge protein (OPN) and transcription factor SP7 (Osterix) and Notch1 receptor,Jagged 1 ligand and downstream factor Hey1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting 7 d after intervention. Results Flow cytometry results showed that hPDLSCs STRO-1 and CD146 showed positive expression, and CD34 showed negative expression.(1) In the experiment of cell biological characteristics, the results of CCK-8 method showed that the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05) in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups at 24 h and 48 h compared with control group; at 72 h, the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05) in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group compared with control group, while the differences in OD values of hPDLSCs in 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of scratch assay showed that the difference of scratch healing rate of cells in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group was not statistically significant compared with that in control group (P>0.05), while the scratch healing rate of 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group was significantly higher (P<0.05). (2) In the experiments of the effect of osteo-differentiation and possible mechanism, ALP staining and semi-quantitative results showed that the ALP activity was obviously lower in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups than that in control group (P<0.05). The results of alizarin red staining and semi-quantification showed that the number of mineralized nodules in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups were significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the osteogenesis-related genes Runx2, OPN and Osterix mRNA and protein expression levels in 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group of hPDLSCs were not statistically significant compared with control group, while those in the 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Notch1 mRNA and protein expression levels in 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml MIP-1α groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); Jagged1 and Hey1 mRNA and protein expression levels in 10 μg/ml MIP-1α group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). while the differences were not statistically significant in the 1 μg/ml MIP-1α group (P>0.05). Conclusion MIP-1α can promote proliferation and inhibit the osteo-differentiation of hPDLSCs, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway activation.

human periodontal membrane stem cells  /  Notch signaling pathway  /  macrophage inflammatory protein-1α  /  osteogenesis differentiation
王钊鑫, 李淑慧, 代慧娟, 齐鲁, 刘紫薇, 吐尔逊尼加提·. MIP-1α对人牙周膜干细胞骨向分化的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (3) : 283 -291 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0283
Zhao-Xin Wang, Shu-Hui Li, Hui-Juan Dai, Lu Qi, Zi-Wei Liu, Negati Tursun. Effect and mechanism of MIP-1α on osteo-differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (3) : 283 -291 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0283
牙周炎是以牙周支持组织进行性破坏为主的慢性炎症性疾病,可导致牙槽骨吸收、牙齿松动、移位等,严重影响患者的面形美观和生活质量[1]。随着炎症介质的募集,破骨细胞的骨吸收增加,成骨细胞的骨形成被抑制,造成牙槽骨平衡失调。修复牙槽骨缺损是口腔临床治疗的难点,引导组织再生术、牙周手术等传统治疗方法不能从根本上恢复牙周组织。近年来基于干细胞的组织工程替代疗法已成为研究热点,以干细胞、生物学因子、骨替代材料及支架为基础的组织工程技术已被证实是有效的[2]。既往的研究着重于筛选种子干细胞[3],比较不同骨替代材料[4],不同细胞因子的成骨效果[5]。研究证实,人牙周膜干细胞(human periodontal ligament stem cells,hPDLSCs)具有较强的自我更新能力、多向分化潜能力,是修复牙槽骨缺损的首选种子细胞,并有望通过成骨向分化潜能促进牙周骨组织缺损的再生修复[6-8]。近年来研究发现,牙周组织中多种细胞(如成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、巨噬细胞等)均可表达并分泌趋化因子至牙龈组织和龈沟液中[9]。巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,MIP-1α)是C-C趋化因子家族成员之一,又名CCL3,是一类能够激活和促进多种白细胞及骨细胞迁移的炎性细胞因子[10]。MIP-1α对骨髓微环境中破骨细胞的聚集及分化起关键作用[11-12],可通过刺激骨吸收及诱导组织损伤的方式参与牙周组织破坏。然而,它与hPDLSCs的关系和作用机制尚不明确。Notch信号通路直接参与不同类型细胞的生存和功能重塑,同时也是炎症微环境下影响干细胞成骨分化的重要调节途径,如肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)[13]等多种炎性因子可激活或抑制Notch信号通路调控相关基因的表达,但MIP-1α介导的Notch信号通路对hPDLSCs的具体作用机制尚不明确。本研究采用不同浓度MIP-1α进行干预,探讨MIP-1α对hPDLSCs增殖、迁移、骨向分化的影响及可能的机制,旨在为牙周组织再生研究提供依据。
胎牛血清购自美国Gibco公司,Ⅰ型胶原酶、胰蛋白酶购自美国Corning公司,α-MEM培养基、PBS、0.25%胰蛋白酶、100 U/ml青链霉素、2 mmol/L谷氨酰胺均购自以色列BI公司,基质细胞抗原1(stromal cells antigen 1,STRO-1)、PE标记的抗人CD146抗体(CD146)、FITC标记的抗人CD34抗体(CD34)购自美国Invitrogen公司,CCK-8试剂盒购自武汉博士德公司,成骨诱导液购自广州赛业公司,茜素红染色液、RIPA细胞裂解液购自北京索莱宝公司,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色液购自武汉赛维尔公司,Runx2OPNOsterixNotch1Jagged1Hey1GAPDH引物均购自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司,反转录试剂盒、PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit试剂盒均购自日本TaKaRa公司,兔抗OPN、Osterix、Notch1、Jagged1及β-actin抗体均购自美国Abcam公司,兔抗Runx2抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司,兔抗Hey1抗体购自中国Affinity公司。流式细胞仪购自美国艾森公司,正置显微镜、倒置显微镜购自德国Leica公司,恒温水浴槽购自上海一恒科技有限公司,荧光定量PCR仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司。
人牙周膜干细胞取自于2020年11月-2021年10月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科门诊就诊的12~25岁[14]患者拔除的健康牙(正畸减数前磨牙或阻生的第三磨牙)共16颗。本研究获新疆医科大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准(20190712-07),且所有患者均签署知情同意书。在无菌超净台中,通过组织块法联合酶消化法提取原代细胞,分离刮取牙根中1/3处牙周膜组织并剪碎,Ⅰ型胶原酶6 mg溶于2 ml PBS(3 mg/ml),过滤备用,37 ℃、水浴15 min摇床,加入2 ml完全培养基(含体积分数为10%胎牛血清,100 U/ml双抗,2 mmol/L谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养基)终止消化,1000 r/min离心5 min,1 ml完全培养基重悬,将细胞接种于T25细胞培养瓶,十字摇匀,37 ℃、5%CO2条件下培养,每3 d换液1次,倒置显微镜观察其生长形态,待细胞生长汇合至接近80%时,消化传代。将第3代hPDLSCs以每孔1×106个细胞接种于6孔板,37 ℃、5%CO2培养过夜,消化收集细胞,100 μl PBS重悬,加入1 μl STRO-1-PE、CD146-PE、CD34-FITC抗体,4 ℃避光孵育30 min,加入2 ml PBS洗涤1次,4 ℃下400×g离心5 min,弃上清,加入400 μl PBS重悬细胞,4 ℃避光保存。采用流式细胞仪检测确定其干细胞特性,分选细胞,选择第3代hPDLSCs进行后续实验。
将第3代hPDLSCs以5×103个细胞/孔接种于96孔板,设4个复孔,37 ℃、5%CO2条件下培养,隔夜待细胞贴壁后,弃原培养液,分别给予含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α完全培养基,继续培养,每3 d换液1次,分别在24、48、72 h随机取出一块96孔板,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8液,37 ℃、5%CO2条件下避光孵育1 h后,酶标仪检测450 nm波长处的吸光度(OD)值。
将第3代hPDLSCs以1×105个细胞/孔接种于6孔培养皿中,待细胞融合至70%~80%时,用200 μl枪头在孔内划线,PBS洗3次,标记拍照。更换为含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α及2%血清的完全培养基培养,于37 ℃、5%CO2条件下孵育24 h,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞迁移情况并拍照。使用ImageJ软件测定划痕宽度,计算划痕愈合率。划痕愈合率=(0 h划痕宽度-24 h划痕宽度)/0 h划痕的宽度×100%。实验重复3次。
将第3代hPDLSCs以6×104个细胞/孔接种于6孔培养皿中,待细胞融合至70%~80%时,更换为含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α的成骨诱导液培养,每3 d换液1次,诱导7 d后,PBS洗涤2次,加入1 ml 4%多聚甲醛固定30 min,蒸馏水洗涤2次,每孔加入1 ml ALP染色液,室温染色20 min,双蒸水洗涤3次至无色,加入蒸馏水覆盖细胞,于倒置显微镜下观察,采用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件对ALP染色图像进行分析。实验重复3次。
将第3代hPDLSCs以1×105个细胞/孔接种于6孔培养皿中,待细胞融合至70%~80%时,更换为含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α的成骨诱导液培养,每3 d换液1次,诱导14 d后,PBS洗2次,加入1 ml 40 g/L多聚甲醛固定30 min,蒸馏水洗涤2次,每孔加入1 ml 1%茜素红S染液室温染色20 min,双蒸水洗涤3次至无色,加入蒸馏水覆盖细胞,于倒置显微镜下观察矿化结节形成情况。采用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件对茜素红染色图像进行分析。实验重复3次。
将第3代hPDLSCs以6×104个细胞/孔接种于6 cm培养皿中,待细胞融合至70%~80%时,更换为含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α的成骨诱导液培养,于第7天终止培养,PBS洗1次,采用Trizol法提取总RNA,分光光度计检测mRNA浓度及纯度,使用PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit试剂盒合成cDNA。所用引物均由上海生工生物公司合成。反应条件如下:预变性95 ℃ 30 s;变性95 ℃ 5 s,退火及延伸60 ℃ 34 s,40个循环。实验重复3次,采用2–ΔΔCt法计算各组间成骨相关因子Runx2OPNOsterix及Notch信号通路受体Notch1、配体Jagged1和下游因子Hey1的相对表达水平。引物序列见表1
将第3代hPDLSCs以6×104个细胞/孔接种于6 cm培养皿中,待细胞融合至70%~80%时,更换为含0(对照组)、1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α的成骨诱导液培养,于第7天终止培养,PBS洗1次,用RIPA裂解提取总蛋白,BCA法检测蛋白浓度并定量,加上样缓冲液,煮沸变性,上样行SDS-PAGE电泳,湿转PVDF膜,5%脱脂牛奶封闭2 h。4 ℃一抗(Runx2、OPN、Osterix、Notch1、Jagged1、Hey1、β-actin,稀释比例1:1000)孵育过夜,次日加二抗(HPR标记山羊抗兔抗体,稀释比例1:5000)孵育2 h,使用ECL化学发光法曝光显色,并使用Image J软件分析其灰度值,以β-actin为内参蛋白,计算目的蛋白(Runx2、OPN、Osterix、Notch1、Jagged1、Hey1)的相对表达量。
采用GraphPad Prism 8及SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。实验数据以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
牙周膜组织块培养至第8天,见细胞呈长梭形,簇样漩涡状生长(图1A);当组织团块周围细胞融合至80%~90%时,即可传代,细胞传至第3代时呈长梭形,漩涡状生长,细胞状态良好(图1B)。细胞鉴定结果显示其CD146、STRO-1呈阳性表达,阳性率分别为97.36%、98.24%,CD34呈阴性表达,阳性率仅为1.77%(图2)。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,MIP-1α处理24、48 h时,与对照组比较,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MIP-1α处理72 h时,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值明显增高(P<0.05)(图3)。
划痕实验结果显示,干预24 h时,与对照组(27.9%±3.7%)比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组划痕愈合率(41.3%±4.9%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组(79.5%±3.4%)划痕愈合率明显增高(P<0.05)(图4)。
在成骨诱导第7天,ALP染色结果显示,各组均可见ALP染色阳性细胞,胞质呈棕黑色,细胞核呈浅蓝色(图5A)。脱色后ALP的相对表达水平结果显示,与对照组比较,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs的ALP表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)(图5B)。
在成骨诱导第14天,茜素红染色结果显示,各组均可见阳性骨基质沉积的矿化结节(图6A)。脱色后对钙盐沉积量的相对表达水平进行分析显示,与对照组比较,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α矿化结节数目减少、钙盐沉积含量降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)(图6B)。
qRT-PCR检测结果显示,成骨诱导7 d后,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组中Runx2OPNOsterix mRNA的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但10 μg/ml MIP-1α组则明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组中Notch1 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05),10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jag1Hey1 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),而1 μg/ml MIP-1α组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图7)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,成骨诱导7 d后,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组中成骨相关蛋白Runx2、OPN及Osterix的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Notch1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jag1、Hey1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),而1 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jag1、Hey1蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图8)。
口腔来源干细胞的增殖、分化是牙周组织再生的关键[15],其过程受微环境中细胞因子、信号通路的调节[16-17]。本课题组袁萍等[18]的前期研究发现,正常来源和炎症来源hPDLSCs在细胞生物学特性和Notch信号通路相关分子表达方面均存在明显差异。马玉等[14]在以TNF-α为炎性刺激因子的实验中发现,10 ng/ml TNF-α可促进hPDLSCs增殖,抑制其骨向分化能力,同时抑制Notch信号通路相关分子的表达。另有研究发现,炎性因子可调节趋化因子,通过刺激骨吸收和诱导组织损伤的方式参与牙周组织破坏,加剧局部炎症反应[19]。本研究以趋化因子MIP-1α作为研究对象,观察MIP-1α对hPDLSCs骨向分化的影响及可能的机制。
本研究体外分离培养hPDLSCs,流式细胞术鉴定细胞表型结果显示,STRO-1和CD146表达阳性,CD34表达阴性,表明其为间充质干细胞。Sheng等[20]发现,MIP-1α可调节干细胞增殖和迁移。此外,在干细胞的再生医学领域中,利用适宜浓度的生长因子调控干细胞的增殖、迁移、分化也一度成为研究的热点[21]。王斌等[22]发现,MIP-1α可促进成纤维细胞增殖。此外,还有研究发现MIP-1α在口腔来源的炎症牙髓组织中高表达[23]。本研究结果显示,MIP-1α可调节hPDLSCs的增殖活性及迁移能力,10 μg/ml MIP-1α干预72 h后hPDLSCs的增殖能力明显增强,干预24 h后hPDLSCs的迁移能力明显增强,与马玉等[14]、程实等[24]以10 μg/ml TNF-α作用于hPDLSCs的结果相似。目前,牙周病的干细胞治疗主要是将细胞培养物输送至牙周缺损处,促进伤口愈合及组织修复和再生。
茜素红染色及半定量分析可评估细胞矿化和骨基质钙盐沉积能力,而矿化结节的形成是成骨晚期的重要标志。ALP形成于成骨细胞分化的早期阶段,其表达水平可反映细胞的矿化能力和成骨分化趋势。Vallet等[25]发现,MIP-1α具有分解代谢能力和抑制成骨细胞的作用,从而可减少骨形成。本研究发现,1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α均可明显降低hPDLSCs的钙盐沉积和ALP表达水平,其中10 μg/ml MIP-1α抑制作用更强。Runx2是成骨细胞分化和软骨细胞成熟所必需的转录因子[26]。Osterix是骨形成调控中必不可少的成骨细胞特异性转录因子。OPN可发挥催化剂作用,加速钙盐沉积、骨质矿化及促进成骨细胞形成,常存在于骨细胞中[27]。本研究选择Runx2OsterixOPN 3个成骨相关基因进行分析,结果显示,与对照组比较,1 μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs Runx2OPNOsterix的mRNA及蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10 μg/ml MIP-1α组则明显降低(P<0.05)。此外,本研究结果还发现,MIP-1α可抑制hPDLSCs的钙盐沉积及矿化结节形成,抑制ALP活性,且10 μg/ml MIP-1α还可抑制成骨相关基因的表达。趋化因子MIP-1α是导致牙槽骨缺损的重要影响因素[28-29]。Notch信号通路在修复牙槽骨缺损中也发挥重要作用,其具体作用和分子机制可能与种属、供体来源、细胞状态及特异性有关[30-31]。Notch信号通路可调控细胞增殖、成骨分化、炎症反应等多个生理病理过程[32]。Notch信号系统被激活可使hPDLSCs发生增殖分化[33]。有研究发现,Notch信号通路受体Notch1在间充质干细胞的成骨分化过程中起重要作用[34-35]
本研究检测了Notch信号通路相关分子的表达,发现1、10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Notch1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,以及10 μg/ml MIP-1α组Jag1Hey1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),提示10 μg/ml MIP-1α可抑制Notch信号通路相关分子的表达,可能与抑制hPDLSCs骨向分化之间存在相关性,其机制可能与Notch信号通路的抑制有关,与国内学者的研究结果[14,33,36-38]一致。
综上所述,本研究通过体外培养hPDLSCs,探讨了MIP-1α对hPDLSCs增殖、迁移及成骨分化能力的影响及可能的机制,结果显示10 μg/ml MIP-1α可促进hPDLSCs的增殖及迁移能力,同时可抑制成骨,抑制Notch信号通路的激活,为进一步阐明牙槽骨缺损修复的分子机制提供了新线索。但本研究尚存在不足之处,如缺少更长时间的成骨诱导实验观察,同时Notch信号通路直接或间接参与MIP-1α对hPDLSCs成骨分化的调控过程尚不明确。后续本课题组将进行体内实验,以进一步寻找临床治疗牙槽骨缺损的潜在靶点。
  • 新疆医科大学研究生科研创新项目(CXCY2022023)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01C231)
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2023年第48卷第3期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0283
  • 接收时间:2022-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-13
  • 录用日期:2022-11-04
基金
Graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Xinjiang Medical University(CXCY2022023)
新疆医科大学研究生科研创新项目(CXCY2022023)
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019D01C231)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01C231)
作者信息
    1新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
    2新疆医科大学研究生院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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