Article(id=1203053369242906950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0267, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1642521600000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1650038400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-16, onlineDate=1764759874878, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1679932800000, pubDateStr=2023-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764759874878, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764759874878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764759874878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203053366290113441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764759874174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764810242575, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203264626747220065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203053366290113441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=267, endPage=274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203053369540702547, articleId=1203053369242906950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of CUL3 on proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and its mechnism of ubiquitin ligase cullin3 (CUL3) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Methods The expression of CUL3 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and its relationship with clinical prognosis were analyzed based on TCGA database. HGC-27 and BGC-823 cells were transfected with CUL3 shRNA and empty lentivirus to construct a CUL3 knockdown gastric cancer cell line group (shCUL3 group) and an empty lentivirus transfection group (Vector group). CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, EdU staining, scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the changes of proliferation, migration and invasion ability of the two groups; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway proteins in two groups;The changes of migration and invasion ability of shCUL3 group were detected after application of PI3K agonist 740 Y-P. Results In the TCGA database, CUL3 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, and was significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Compared with Vector group, CCK-8, clone formation assay and EdU staining showed that the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in shCUL3 group was inhibited (P<0.05), and CUL3 shRNA could significantly inhibit cell migration and invasion (P<0.05); In addition, compared with Vector group, the expression of E-cadherin protein in shCUL3 group increased, and the protein levels of vimentin, β-catenin, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-GSK-3β significantly decreased (P<0.05); In contrast, application of the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of CUL3 shRNA on gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Conclusions Knockdown of CUL3 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and the mechanism of action of CUL3 in gastric cancer may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Hua-Ping Xie, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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目的 探讨泛素连接酶Cullin3(CUL3)对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制。方法 基于TCGA数据库分析CUL3在胃癌和癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床预后的关系。采用CUL3 shRNA和空载慢病毒转染HGC-27和BGC-823细胞,构建CUL3敲低胃癌细胞系组(shCUL3组)与空载慢病毒转染组(空载组)。采用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、EdU染色、划痕实验和Transwell实验检测两组的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力;采用Western blotting检测两组上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白和PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路蛋白的表达情况;应用PI3K激动剂740 Y-P后检测shCUL3组细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。结果 TCGA数据库中CUL3在胃癌中呈高表达,且与胃癌患者预后不良明显相关。CCK-8、克隆形成实验和EdU染色结果显示,与空载组比较,shCUL3组胃癌细胞增殖能力受到抑制(P<0.05),且CUL3 shRNA可明显抑制细胞的迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.05)。与空载组比较,shCUL3组E-cadherin蛋白表达升高,波形蛋白、β-catenin、p-PI3K、p-Akt及p-GSK-3β蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与shCUL3组比较,应用PI3K激动剂740 Y-P可部分逆转CUL3 shRNA对胃癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论 敲低CUL3可抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭过程,CUL3在胃癌中的作用机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路相关。

, correspAuthors=谢华平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
谢华平,E-mail:
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刘敏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事消化道肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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刘敏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事消化道肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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Chin J Nat Med, 2016, 14(1):48-55., articleTitle=Baicalin attenuates high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in skeletal muscle, through modulating the protein kinase B/Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203053376486470276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, awardId=2017KFYXJ114, language=EN, fundingSource=Independent Innovation Research Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2017KFYXJ114), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203053376582939274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, awardId=2017KFYXJ114, language=CN, fundingSource=华中科技大学自主创新研究基金(2017KFYXJ114), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203053371797238153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053371805626762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053371797238153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Gastroenterology, the People's Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053371809821067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053371797238153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1海南省三亚市人民医院消化内科,海南三亚 572000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203053371893707152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053371906290065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053371893707152, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Spleen and Stomach, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053371914678674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053371893707152, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湖北省中医医院脾胃科,湖北武汉 430061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203053372061479320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053372069867929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053372061479320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203053372078256539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, companyId=1203053372061479320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院消化内科,湖北武汉 430030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203053375584694854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Expression level of CUL3 in gastric cancer, figureFileSmall=ieLijpAMU1AKaQ7hXP2Flw==, figureFileBig=63iRomlCe9nasYb7abwN4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053375693746766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=CN, label=图1, caption=CUL3在胃癌中的表达水平

T. 胃癌组织;N. 癌旁组织;A. CUL3在全身不同肿瘤中的表达情况;B. CUL3在正常组织与胃癌组织中的表达;C. CUL3在胃癌不同分期中的表达情况;D. CUL3在胃癌不同分级的表达情况;E. CUL3与胃癌患者预后的关系;F. Western blotting检测CUL3在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达;G. Western blotting检测CUL3在正常胃黏膜上皮细胞和4种胃癌细胞系中的表达情况;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=ieLijpAMU1AKaQ7hXP2Flw==, figureFileBig=63iRomlCe9nasYb7abwN4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053375920239193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of knockdown of CUL3 on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, figureFileSmall=3GxuCkKKxx29OPA8vf1hlA==, figureFileBig=qDGN3EyU3udzy8zdT0esGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053376004125281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=CN, label=图2, caption=敲低CUL3对胃癌细胞增殖的影响

A. 倒置荧光显微镜下的细胞转染情况(×100);B. Western blotting检测CUL3蛋白的敲低情况;C. CCK-8法检测敲低CUL3对胃癌细胞活力的影响,**P<0.01;D. 克隆形成实验检测敲低CUL3对细胞克隆形成能力的影响;E. EdU检测敲低CUL3对细胞增殖的影响(EdU+DAPI染色,×400)

, figureFileSmall=3GxuCkKKxx29OPA8vf1hlA==, figureFileBig=qDGN3EyU3udzy8zdT0esGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053376108982887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of knockdown of CUL3 on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, figureFileSmall=YcEJBUr6LryV5xU3gSK8AA==, figureFileBig=4iQjzpM38CziOCcTH1ZH1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053376171897454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=CN, label=图3, caption=敲低CUL3对胃癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响

EMT. 上皮-间质转化;A. 细胞划痕实验检测敲低CUL3对胃癌细胞迁移能力的影响;B. Transwell实验检测敲低CUL3对胃癌细胞侵袭能力的影响(0.1%结晶紫染色×200);C. Western blotting检测EMT相关蛋白表达的变化

, figureFileSmall=YcEJBUr6LryV5xU3gSK8AA==, figureFileBig=4iQjzpM38CziOCcTH1ZH1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053376268366453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of knockdown of CUL3 on PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, figureFileSmall=9jqtYAFB22AZilztfs3PZQ==, figureFileBig=uE7y7kbV4mAOgSI/aAL6MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203053376352252539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203053369242906950, language=CN, label=图4, caption=敲低CUL3对PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路的影响

A. Western blotting检测PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路蛋白的表达变化;B、C. 740 Y-P对CUL3敲低胃癌细胞迁移能力的影响(×40);D. 740 Y-P对CUL3敲低胃癌细胞侵袭能力的影响(0.1%结晶紫染色×200)

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CUL3对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用及其机制
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刘敏 1 , 胡运莲 2 , 谢华平 3, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(3): 267-274
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(3): 267-274
CUL3对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用及其机制
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刘敏1, 胡运莲2, 谢华平3, *
作者信息
  • 1海南省三亚市人民医院消化内科,海南三亚 572000
  • 2湖北省中医医院脾胃科,湖北武汉 430061
  • 3华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院消化内科,湖北武汉 430030
  • 刘敏,硕士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事消化道肿瘤的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

谢华平,E-mail:
Effect of CUL3 on proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism
Min Liu1, Yun-Lian Hu2, Hua-Ping Xie3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, the People's Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
  • 2Department of Spleen and Stomach, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
  • 3Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
出版时间: 2023-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0267
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目的 探讨泛素连接酶Cullin3(CUL3)对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制。方法 基于TCGA数据库分析CUL3在胃癌和癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床预后的关系。采用CUL3 shRNA和空载慢病毒转染HGC-27和BGC-823细胞,构建CUL3敲低胃癌细胞系组(shCUL3组)与空载慢病毒转染组(空载组)。采用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、EdU染色、划痕实验和Transwell实验检测两组的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力;采用Western blotting检测两组上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白和PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路蛋白的表达情况;应用PI3K激动剂740 Y-P后检测shCUL3组细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。结果 TCGA数据库中CUL3在胃癌中呈高表达,且与胃癌患者预后不良明显相关。CCK-8、克隆形成实验和EdU染色结果显示,与空载组比较,shCUL3组胃癌细胞增殖能力受到抑制(P<0.05),且CUL3 shRNA可明显抑制细胞的迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.05)。与空载组比较,shCUL3组E-cadherin蛋白表达升高,波形蛋白、β-catenin、p-PI3K、p-Akt及p-GSK-3β蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与shCUL3组比较,应用PI3K激动剂740 Y-P可部分逆转CUL3 shRNA对胃癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论 敲低CUL3可抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭过程,CUL3在胃癌中的作用机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路相关。

泛素连接酶Cullin3  /  PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路  /  胃癌细胞  /  细胞增殖  /  迁移  /  侵袭

Objective To investigate the effect and its mechnism of ubiquitin ligase cullin3 (CUL3) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Methods The expression of CUL3 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and its relationship with clinical prognosis were analyzed based on TCGA database. HGC-27 and BGC-823 cells were transfected with CUL3 shRNA and empty lentivirus to construct a CUL3 knockdown gastric cancer cell line group (shCUL3 group) and an empty lentivirus transfection group (Vector group). CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, EdU staining, scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the changes of proliferation, migration and invasion ability of the two groups; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway proteins in two groups;The changes of migration and invasion ability of shCUL3 group were detected after application of PI3K agonist 740 Y-P. Results In the TCGA database, CUL3 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, and was significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Compared with Vector group, CCK-8, clone formation assay and EdU staining showed that the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in shCUL3 group was inhibited (P<0.05), and CUL3 shRNA could significantly inhibit cell migration and invasion (P<0.05); In addition, compared with Vector group, the expression of E-cadherin protein in shCUL3 group increased, and the protein levels of vimentin, β-catenin, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-GSK-3β significantly decreased (P<0.05); In contrast, application of the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of CUL3 shRNA on gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Conclusions Knockdown of CUL3 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and the mechanism of action of CUL3 in gastric cancer may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

cullin3  /  PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway  /  gastric cancer cells  /  cell proliferation  /  migration  /  invasion
刘敏, 胡运莲, 谢华平. CUL3对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (3) : 267 -274 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0267
Min Liu, Yun-Lian Hu, Hua-Ping Xie. Effect of CUL3 on proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (3) : 267 -274 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0267
胃癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤。最新的GLOBOCCAN(2020年)数据显示,其全球发病率和死亡率分别居第六位和第三位[1],严重威胁着人类的健康。大多数胃癌患者就诊时处于中晚期,已发生远处转移,治疗效果不佳,术后5年总生存率<30%[2-3]。因此,探讨胃癌侵袭转移的发生机制并寻找潜在的治疗靶点至关重要[4]。Cullin3(CUL3)是E3泛素连接酶家族成员,参与泛素酶介导的多种底物降解过程,并与多种生理过程(胚胎发育、细胞周期调控等)及疾病(高血压、自闭症及肿瘤等)的发生相关[5]。近年来研究发现,CUL3在膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等肿瘤的发生发展中发挥作用,然而其具体机制尚不明确,可能与NRF2、NF-κB等信号通路相关[6-8]。本研究通过构建CUL3敲低胃癌稳定转染细胞系,探讨CUL3在胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭过程中的作用机制,旨在为临床寻找胃癌治疗的新靶点提供参考。
人胃癌细胞株BGC-823、HGC-27、MGC-803、SGC-7901和胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1来自中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC)。胎牛血清、DMEM/F12培养基(美国Gibco公司);青霉素、链霉素、CCK-8试剂盒、固定液、EdU-594细胞增殖检测试剂盒、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒(上海碧云天公司);Transwell小室(美国康宁公司);基质胶(美国BD公司);CUL3、E-cadherin、β-catenin、p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-GSK-3β和GAPDH兔单克隆抗体(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司);PI3K激动剂740 Y-P(上海MCE公司)。
收集2020年9月-2021年5月在海南省三亚市人民医院就诊的37例胃癌患者的临床病理资料及术中切取的胃癌(GC组)和癌旁3~5 cm组织(NC组)。37例患者中男20例,女17例,年龄45~65岁,均未合并其他系统肿瘤,术前均未接受放射及化学药物治疗。收集组织保存在–80 ℃深低温冰箱中备用。将保存于深低温冰箱中的组织样本称重,按100 mg组织/1 ml裂解液的量加入含抑制剂的裂解液,用匀浆机低速匀浆30 s/次,中间间隔冰浴1 min,直至组织完全裂解。然后置于4 ℃预冷的离心机12 000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液于新的离心管中保存待用。用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,后续进行Western blotting检测。本研究方案已通过华中科技大学附属同济医院伦理委员会审批(医伦[2018]第0301号)。
基于TCGA数据库中的肿瘤样本信息,检索TIMER(https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/),明确CUL3蛋白在多种恶性肿瘤及其癌旁组织中的表达情况,并分析415例肿瘤组织及46例癌旁组织中CUL3胃癌的表达量,通过Kaplan-Meier plotter数据库(https://kmplot.com/analysis/)分析CUL3对胃癌患者生存情况的影响。
选择处于对数生长期的HGC-27和BGC-823胃癌细胞,以每孔5×105个细胞接种于6孔板,第2天取以慢病毒载体包装的CUL3 shRNA(目的序列:GAGCGGAAAGGAGAAGTCGTA)或空载慢病毒,分别与助染试剂混合加入完全培养基(上海吉凯基因科技有限公司)中。根据转染情况,将细胞分为shRNA敲低CUL3胃癌细胞系组(shCUL3组)与空载慢病毒转染组(空载组)。病毒感染复数(MOI)(HGC-27)=10,MOI(BGC-823)=20。转染后10 h换液,待细胞生长至60%~70%时,向各孔中加入嘌呤霉素,直至未加慢病毒细胞的空白对照组细胞完全死亡。收集细胞,采用Western blotting进行效率验证,然后进行后续实验。慢病毒稳定转染后,于倒置荧光显微镜(日本Olympus公司)下观察荧光细胞数量,检查转染效率。
选择96孔板接种shCUL3组和空载组细胞,每组设4个复孔,在常规培养箱中培养。24、48、72 h后行细胞增殖能力测定。提前配制含有10% CCK-8溶液的培养基待用;弃去培养基,PBS洗2次,每孔加入100 μl CCK-8溶液,同时设等量基础培养基作为空白对照和含有CCK-8溶液但无细胞的孔作为阴性对照,将细胞在培养箱中孵育2 h后用酶标仪(Perkin Elmer)测定吸光度值。
选择EdU-594细胞增殖检测试剂盒进行EdU检测。在24孔板中加入14 mm大小的无菌盖玻片,将shCUL3组和空载组细胞悬液种在盖玻片上,细胞培养过夜。配制20 μmol/L的EdU工作液,37 ℃预热后,与培养基等体积混合后加入24孔板中,培养箱孵育120 min后取出,弃去培养液,PBS洗2次,加入300 μl固定液,室温固定20 min。每孔用500 μl洗涤液洗涤细胞3次,每次4 min。每孔加入180 μl 0.3% Triton X-100的Click反应液,室温避光孵育30 min。弃反应液,PBS洗2次。用含DAPI的封片液封片,在荧光显微镜下观察并随机选取5个视野拍照记录。
计数shCUL3组和空载组细胞并进行稀释,6孔板中接种650个细胞/孔,每隔72~96 h观察细胞生长情况并进行换液,当在镜下观察到80%~90%的单个克隆满足细胞数>50时,用PBS洗2次,每孔加入1 ml 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定18 min。PBS洗2次,每孔加入0.1%结晶紫染液(中国白鲨公司)1000 μl染色12 min。洗净染液,烘干,用相机拍照记录。
将转染后的细胞(CUL3 shRNA及空载慢病毒转染HGC-27和BGC-823细胞)接种在6孔板中,待细胞密度达到85%~90%时,用灭菌后的1 ml吸头垂直至于细胞表面划出两条直线,用平衡盐溶液洗去漂浮细胞。在检测敲低CUL3后对胃癌细胞迁移能力的影响时,加入基础培养基DMEM/F12;在检测CUL3对PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路的影响时,加入含或不含PI3K激动剂740 Y-P(30 μmol/L)的基础培养基DMEM/F12。在倒置显微镜(日本Olympus公司)下拍照记录划痕宽度,放回培养箱继续培养48 h,拍照记录同一视野的划痕宽度。
在Transwell小室中加入1:6稀释后的Matrigel基质胶(美国康宁公司)于上室内,置于培养箱中6 h,收集转染后细胞(CUL3 shRNA及空载慢病毒转染HGC-27和BGC-823细胞)重悬于无血清培养基,计数后稀释细胞,每孔上室加入含1×104个细胞的100 μl混悬液。在检测敲低CUL3后对胃癌细胞侵袭能力的影响时,下室加入600 μl的完全培养基;在检测CUL3对PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路的影响时,下室中加入600 μl含或不含740 Y-P(30 μmol/L)的完全培养基。静置24 h后取出细胞,固定,染色后于倒置显微镜(日本Olympus公司)下随机选取5个视野拍照,计数细胞数,求平均值。
采用Western blotting检测胃癌细胞中CUL3敲低后PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。采用RIPA裂解液(武汉赛维尔公司)裂解细胞提取蛋白,BCA蛋白定量试剂盒检测蛋白浓度,加入蛋白上样缓冲液后在100 ℃下煮沸样品10 min使蛋白变性,使用12%PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白样本,转膜,5%奶粉封闭,加入一抗轻轻覆盖过膜,在4 ℃摇床上摇晃过夜。TBST洗4次,轻轻吸干水分后加入HRP标记的羊抗兔二抗(1:17 500,CST公司),室温下摇床慢速摇1 h,扫膜并分析目标条带,将获得的条带通过Image J软件进行灰度分析。GAPDH作为上样控制。
采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用两独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
基于TCGA数据库的生物信息学分析显示,CUL3在全身多种肿瘤(如乳腺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、肾癌及肝癌等)与癌旁组织中的表达存在差异,其中在胃癌组织中的表达明显升高(P<0.001,图1A、B),且在不同分期和分级胃癌患者中的表达存在差异,2、3、4期胃癌患者CUL3表达量高于1期(P<0.05,图1C),而在1级患者中CUL3表达量略高于2、3级患者,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1D),可能与样本量大小有关,同时CUL3与胃癌患者预后较差有关(P<0.05,图1E)。Western blotting检测结果显示,CUL3在癌组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.01,图1F)。对BGC-823、HGC-27、MGC-803、SGC-7901等4种人胃癌细胞系及胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1中CUL3的表达情况进行检测发现,胃癌细胞系中CUL3表达水平明显高于正常胃黏膜上皮细胞(P<0.05,图1G),且在HGC-27及BGC-823胃癌细胞系中CUL3表达水平更高,因此后续选择这两种细胞系敲低CUL3进行实验。
使用shRNA分别敲低HGC-27和BGC-823中CUL3的表达并验证其效率。倒置荧光显微镜观察及Western blotting检测结果显示,shRNA可明显敲低HGC-27和BGC-823中CUL3的表达(P<0.01,图2A、B)。CCK-8法检测结果显示,敲低CUL3后胃癌细胞活性明显减弱(24 h:P<0.05;48 h和72 h:P<0.01;图2C)。克隆形成实验结果显示,低水平的CUL3减弱了胃癌细胞的克隆形成能力(P<0.01,图2D)。EdU检测结果显示,敲低CUL3使EdU阳性细胞明显减少(P<0.01,图2E)。
敲低CUL3后,HGC-27和BGC-823的迁移能力(图3A)和侵袭能力(图3B)明显降低(P<0.01)。对EMT相关蛋白表达情况进行检测发现,在敲低CUL3的HGC-27和BGC-823细胞中,上皮表型蛋白E钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达上调,间质表型蛋白波形蛋白表达下调,β-catenin的表达也明显下调(P<0.05,图3C)。
与空载组比较,shCUL3组p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-GSK-3β的表达水平均明显下调(P<0.05,图4A);与shCUL3组比较,shCUL3+740Y-P组胃癌细胞迁移(图4B、C)和侵袭(图4D)能力均有所提高(P<0.05)。
胃癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤,在全球范围内其发病率和死亡率均位居前列,多种信号通路及基因调控在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用,而EMT在其中发挥了关键作用[9]。胃癌患者就诊时大多已发生侵袭和转移,手术治疗后总生存率不高,因此,寻找防治胃癌的潜在靶点迫在眉睫。
泛素-蛋白酶体系统参与人类细胞周期调控、信号转导及生长发育等多种生理过程,而该系统功能失调与恶性肿瘤、高血压、糖尿病等疾病的发生密切相关[10-11]。CUL3是泛素-蛋白酶体系统的重要组分之一,其异常表达与人体多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,如乳腺癌细胞中CUL3表达上调并通过介导乳腺癌转移抑制因子-1(BRMS1)泛素化降解而促进肿瘤细胞增殖及迁移[8]。在另一项研究中,沉默CUL3基因能有效抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的生长并使细胞周期阻滞于G1[12]。但在前列腺肿瘤中,Cullin3-KLHL20缺失可导致PML蛋白表达上调,从而活化缺氧诱导因子-1α,进而促进肿瘤的发生[13]。CUL3是否参与胃癌的发生发展目前尚未见报道。本研究发现,CUL3在胃癌组织及细胞系中高表达,与胃癌患者预后不良明显相关;通过构建CUL3敲低胃癌稳定转染细胞系证实,敲低CUL3表达可明显抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力;此外,EMT关键蛋白E-cadherin表达量增加,但CUL3促进胃癌发生EMT的具体机制仍有待进一步研究。
大量研究发现,PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路在调控肿瘤的增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡过程中发挥了重要作用[14-16]。Yan等[17]发现,在胃癌细胞系中敲低生长激素受体(GHR)可抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,从而导致G1细胞周期阻滞,促进胃癌细胞的凋亡;Wang等[18]在研究胃癌患者腹膜转移过程时发现,载脂蛋白C2(APOC2)可与CD36发挥协同作用,通过激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导EMT,从而促进胃癌转移。上述研究肯定了PI3K/Akt信号通路在胃癌发生发展中的作用。当细胞受到外界刺激时,PI3K被激活催化成PIP3,进而与Akt结合并使其磷酸化,而GSK3β作为下游分子,受PI3K和Akt的调控,激活的Akt可增加GSK3β磷酸化的表达[19],并促进β-catenin去磷酸化后进入细胞核,从而抑制E-cadherin的表达,降低细胞间的紧密连接,激活EMT,促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。本研究发现,干扰CUL3表达后胃癌EMT进程受到抑制;进一步通过Western blotting检测干扰胃癌细胞CUL3后PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路关键蛋白的表达变化,结果发现抑制CUL3的表达后,p-PI3K、p-Akt及p-GSK3β表达量明显降低,而加入PI3K激动剂(740 Y-P)后,相关蛋白的表达呈现出相反的趋势,提示在胃癌中CUL3可通过调控PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路介导EMT的变化。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,CUL3作为重要的促癌基因,可通过激活PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路促进EMT的发生,从而参与调控胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。但本研究尚存在不足之处:未通过上调CUL3的表达来研究其对胃癌细胞的作用;CUL3与PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路之间是直接作用还是间接作用目前尚不明确。因此,本课题未来可增设动物体内实验,进一步为临床寻找胃癌治疗的潜在靶点提供有价值的参考。
  • 华中科技大学自主创新研究基金(2017KFYXJ114)
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2023年第48卷第3期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.03.0267
  • 接收时间:2022-01-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-19
  • 录用日期:2022-04-16
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Independent Innovation Research Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2017KFYXJ114)
华中科技大学自主创新研究基金(2017KFYXJ114)
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    1海南省三亚市人民医院消化内科,海南三亚 572000
    2湖北省中医医院脾胃科,湖北武汉 430061
    3华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院消化内科,湖北武汉 430030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

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种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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