Article(id=1203036776588866210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0420, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650729600000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1655827200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-06-22, onlineDate=1764755918881, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1682611200000, pubDateStr=2023-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764755918881, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764755918881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764755918881, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203036770628755576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764755917460, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764756108290, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203037571086508742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203037571086508743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=420, endPage=430, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203036776903439035, articleId=1203036776588866210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechnism of resveratrol on the functional of microglia after intracerebral hemorrhage, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol (Res) on microglia function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its possible mechanism. Methods (1) Animal experiment: 27 SD rats (12-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups (9 each): control group, ICH group and Res group; each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (3 each) at 6 h,24 h and 72 h after operation. Rats in ICH group were modeled by autologous blood modeling method, while in control group were only injected with needles without autologous blood injection. Rats in Res group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/(kg.d)resveratrol on the basis of ICH group, and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent of the same volume were injected in control group and ICH group. 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after successful modeling, the corresponding rats were subjected to modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Then the rats in each subgroup were sacrificed and their brain tissues were taken from the same area and embedded in wax blocks. The expression of TRL4, CD36, HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in rat brain tissue was observed by tissue section, HE staining,Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence method. (2) Cell experiment: BV2 mouse microglia cells were divided into control group, Fe2+ group (FeSO4 10 μmol/L) and Fe2++low dose resveratrol (25 μmol/L) group and Fe2++high dose resveratrol(50 μmol/L) group. The expression levels of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were detected by Western blotting after incubation for 24 h and 72 h, respectively, and the localization of Nrf2 protein was observed by cell immunofluorescence. Results (1) mNSS score indicated that rats in ICH group had obvious neurological dysfunction while normal in control group. mNSS score of rats was significantly higher in ICH group than in control group (P<0.01). As time went by 24 h or 72 h, mNSS score of rats reduced significantly in Res group than in ICH group (P<0.05, P<0.01). HE staining of rat brain tissue indicated that increased infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were in ICH group, and the infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells in the brain tissue of rats in Res group was improved compared with those in ICH group. Nissl staining of rat brain tissue showed that, compared with the control group, the dissolution of nissl corpuscles in brain tissue of ICH group increased, and in Res group decreased. TUNEL staining of rat brain tissue showed that the neurocyte apoptosis index in brain tissue of rats in ICH group increased significantly compared with that in control group (P<0.05), and it was significantly lower in Res group compared with ICH group (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence of proteins indicated that the expressions of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in rats'brain tissue in ICH group increased significantly compared with rats in control group (P<0.05). Compared with rats in ICH group,the expression of TLR4 protein in brain tissue of the rats in Res group decreased at the same time point (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 increased significantly (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the relative expression of TLR4, CD36 and HO-1 protein in BV2 cells of Fe2+ group increased (P<0.05), the expressions of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 increased at 72 h (P<0.05), the expression of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus increased (P<0.01); Compared with the Fe2+ group, the expression of TLR4 in the low dose group of Fe2++Res and the high dose group of Fe2++Res decreased (P<0.001), and the expression of CD36,HO-1, Nrf2, p-Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol can improve the neurological function of rats after ICH. The microglia activated by Fe2+ within 72 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage mainly showed pro-inflammatory function. Resveratrol may regulate Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and promote the transformation of microglia function to anti-inflammatory after ICH.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Ying He, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对脑出血(ICH)后小胶质细胞功能的影响及其可能机制。方法 (1)动物实验:将12周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组、ICH组和Res组(n=9);每组随机分为术后6、24、72 h三个亚组(n=3)。ICH组采用自体血造模法建立ICH模型,对照组只进针而不注入自体血;Res组在ICH组的基础上腹腔注入50 mg/(kg.d)白藜芦醇。造模成功后6、24、72 h对大鼠行改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS),采用组织切片和HE染色、尼氏染色、TUNEL染色及免疫荧光法观察大鼠脑组织Toll样受体4(TRL4)、CD36、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)及抗核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)蛋白表达情况。(2)细胞实验:取BV2小鼠小胶质细胞,分为对照组、Fe2+(FeSO4 10 μmol/L)组、Fe2++Res低剂量(25 μmol/L)组及Fe2++Res高剂量(50 μmol/L)组,培养至24、72 h时行Western blotting检测TLR4、CD36、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平,行细胞免疫荧光定位观察Nrf2蛋白。结果 (1)mNSS评分显示,对照组大鼠神经功能正常,ICH组有明显的神经功能障碍;ICH组大鼠mNSS分值明显高于对照组(P<0.01);Res组大鼠24、72 h mNSS分值明显低于ICH组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。HE染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织中红细胞浸润、炎性细胞浸润增多,Res组脑组织中红细胞和炎性细胞浸润较ICH组改善。尼氏染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织尼氏小体溶解较对照组增多,Res组尼氏小体溶解较ICH组减少。TUNEL染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡指数较对照组上升(P<0.05),而Res组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡指数较ICH组降低(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织中TLR4、CD36、Nrf2及HO-1蛋白表达均高于对照组(P<0.05);与同一时间点ICH组比较,Res组大鼠脑组织中TLR4表达下降(P<0.05),CD36、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达均上升(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,Fe2+组BV2细胞TLR4、CD36、HO-1蛋白相对表达量增高(P<0.05),72 h时Nrf2和p-Nrf2表达量增高(P<0.05),细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量增高(P<0.01);与Fe2+组比较,Fe2++Res低剂量组和Fe2++Res高剂量组TLR4表达量降低(P<0.001),CD36、HO-1、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量增高(P<0.05);与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,Fe2++Res高剂量组HO-1、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量均增高(P<0.05)。结论 白藜芦醇可改善脑出血大鼠的神经功能;脑出血后72 h内Fe2+激活的小胶质细胞主要表现为促炎功能;白藜芦醇可能通过调控Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,促进脑出血后小胶质细胞的功能向抗炎转变。

, correspAuthors=何晓英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
何晓英,E-mail:
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姚宁丰,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管急症方面的研究

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姚宁丰,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管急症方面的研究

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姚宁丰,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管急症方面的研究

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Inflamm Res, 2018, 67(7): 579-588., articleTitle=A review on heme oxygenase-1 induction: is it a necessary evil, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203036778769904457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778778293066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778769904457, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778786681675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778769904457, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南医科大学附属医院神经内科/神经系统疾病与脑功能实验室,四川泸州 646000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203036778849596239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778857984849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778849596239, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Neurology, Longchang People’s Hospital, Longchang, Sichuan 642150, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778866373458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778849596239, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2隆昌市人民医院神经内科,四川隆昌 642150)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203036778925093722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778933482332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778925093722, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036778937676637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, companyId=1203036778925093722, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3西南医科大学附属中医医院神经内科,四川泸州 646000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203036781244543958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of resveratrol on neurological injury of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage, figureFileSmall=mWsVCoJMENEplo8rIrZENg==, figureFileBig=/kTHyFRe3VIkLk0C/6S7Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781320041431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图1, caption=白藜芦醇对ICH大鼠神经功能障碍的影响

mNSS. 改良神经功能缺损评分;ICH. 脑出血;Res. 白藜芦醇;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与ICH组比较,(2)P<0.05,(3)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=mWsVCoJMENEplo8rIrZENg==, figureFileBig=/kTHyFRe3VIkLk0C/6S7Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781508785120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of resveratrol on brain histopathological changes of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (n=3, HE ×200), figureFileSmall=/9yHamGEQXrcrjMdf+Iw2Q==, figureFileBig=PK711pLx6dBAT/3o27G4ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781584282594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白藜芦醇对ICH大鼠脑组织病理损伤的影响(n=3,HE ×200)

ICH. 脑出血;Res. 白藜芦醇

, figureFileSmall=/9yHamGEQXrcrjMdf+Iw2Q==, figureFileBig=PK711pLx6dBAT/3o27G4ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781676557288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of resveratrol on neuron function and apoptosis of nerve cells of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage, figureFileSmall=imd8tLvnro306Viz1kCo5g==, figureFileBig=XZ0k+tOh6nTTV4Ij49sEPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781773026282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图3, caption=白藜芦醇对ICH大鼠神经元功能和细胞凋亡的影响

ICH. 脑出血;Res. 白藜芦醇;A. 脑组织尼氏染色(n=3,×400);B. 脑组织TUNEL染色(n=3,×400);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.001;与ICH组比较,(2)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=imd8tLvnro306Viz1kCo5g==, figureFileBig=XZ0k+tOh6nTTV4Ij49sEPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781886272495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of resveratrol on the expression of TLR4 and CD36 protein in rat's brain (Immunofluorescence staining ×400), figureFileSmall=Z7SLckPOGX/IHPq88ySJyw==, figureFileBig=f6mZpm/VpFn7zqFeWW7fqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036781970158580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图4, caption=白藜芦醇对大鼠脑组织TLR4、CD36蛋白表达的影响(免疫荧光染色×400)

ICH. 脑出血;Res. 白藜芦醇;TLR4. Toll样受体4;A. TLR4表达情况,红色为TLR4蛋白,蓝色为DAPI荧光染料;B. CD36表达情况,红色为CD36蛋白,蓝色为DAPI;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.001;与ICH组比较,(3)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=Z7SLckPOGX/IHPq88ySJyw==, figureFileBig=f6mZpm/VpFn7zqFeWW7fqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782083404791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of resveratrol on the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in rat's brain (Immunofluorescence staining ×400), figureFileSmall=YhjpnAGY/79GY0PP9vCjaA==, figureFileBig=QJ8KDiqwEyPdR0t5YiDqXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782158902266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图5, caption=白藜芦醇对大鼠脑组织Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达的影响(免疫荧光染色×400)

绿色为Nrf2蛋白,红色为HO-1蛋白,蓝色为DAPI荧光染料;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.001;与ICH组比较,(3)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=YhjpnAGY/79GY0PP9vCjaA==, figureFileBig=QJ8KDiqwEyPdR0t5YiDqXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782217622525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of resveratrol and Fe2+ on the expression of TLR4 and CD36 protein in BV2 microglia, figureFileSmall=+So36W0xqJqCjAO3nu2rsg==, figureFileBig=Nz9sBLfTXQ3OvLpkiQWnFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782276341760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图6, caption=白藜芦醇和Fe2+对BV2小胶质细胞TLR4、CD36蛋白表达的影响

Res. 白藜芦醇;TLR4. Toll样受体4;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.001;与Fe2+组比较,(3)P<0.05,(4)P<0.001;与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,(5)P<0.01,(6)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=+So36W0xqJqCjAO3nu2rsg==, figureFileBig=Nz9sBLfTXQ3OvLpkiQWnFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782397976579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of resveratrol and Fe2+ on the expression of Nrf2, p-Nrf2, and HO-1 protein in BV2 microglia, figureFileSmall=FRDkjSVRYMQKv5XwdHIc5Q==, figureFileBig=AFvpoZtU8a6zVjVwcIxlyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036782473474054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776588866210, language=CN, label=图7, caption=白藜芦醇和Fe2+对BV2小胶质细胞Nrf2、p-Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达的影响

A. Nrf2、p-Nrf2和CD36蛋白表达情况;B. 细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达情况;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.01,(3)P<0.001;与Fe2+组比较,(4)P<0.05,(5)P<0.01,(6)P<0.001;与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,(7)P<0.05,(8)P<0.01,(9)P<0.001

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白藜芦醇对脑出血后小胶质细胞功能的影响及其机制
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姚宁丰 1, 2 , 佘仁夏 3 , 舒艺璇 1 , 熊文丽 1 , 何晓英 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(4): 420-430
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(4): 420-430
白藜芦醇对脑出血后小胶质细胞功能的影响及其机制
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姚宁丰1, 2, 佘仁夏3, 舒艺璇1, 熊文丽1, 何晓英1, *
作者信息
  • 1西南医科大学附属医院神经内科/神经系统疾病与脑功能实验室,四川泸州 646000
  • 2隆昌市人民医院神经内科,四川隆昌 642150
  • 3西南医科大学附属中医医院神经内科,四川泸州 646000
  • 姚宁丰,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管急症方面的研究

通讯作者:

何晓英,E-mail:
Effect and mechnism of resveratrol on the functional of microglia after intracerebral hemorrhage
Ning-Feng Yao1, 2, Ren-Xia She3, Yi-Xuan Shu1, Wen-Li Xiong1, Xiao-Ying He1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
  • 2Department of Neurology, Longchang People’s Hospital, Longchang, Sichuan 642150, China
  • 3Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2023-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0420
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目的 探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对脑出血(ICH)后小胶质细胞功能的影响及其可能机制。方法 (1)动物实验:将12周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组、ICH组和Res组(n=9);每组随机分为术后6、24、72 h三个亚组(n=3)。ICH组采用自体血造模法建立ICH模型,对照组只进针而不注入自体血;Res组在ICH组的基础上腹腔注入50 mg/(kg.d)白藜芦醇。造模成功后6、24、72 h对大鼠行改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS),采用组织切片和HE染色、尼氏染色、TUNEL染色及免疫荧光法观察大鼠脑组织Toll样受体4(TRL4)、CD36、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)及抗核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)蛋白表达情况。(2)细胞实验:取BV2小鼠小胶质细胞,分为对照组、Fe2+(FeSO4 10 μmol/L)组、Fe2++Res低剂量(25 μmol/L)组及Fe2++Res高剂量(50 μmol/L)组,培养至24、72 h时行Western blotting检测TLR4、CD36、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平,行细胞免疫荧光定位观察Nrf2蛋白。结果 (1)mNSS评分显示,对照组大鼠神经功能正常,ICH组有明显的神经功能障碍;ICH组大鼠mNSS分值明显高于对照组(P<0.01);Res组大鼠24、72 h mNSS分值明显低于ICH组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。HE染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织中红细胞浸润、炎性细胞浸润增多,Res组脑组织中红细胞和炎性细胞浸润较ICH组改善。尼氏染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织尼氏小体溶解较对照组增多,Res组尼氏小体溶解较ICH组减少。TUNEL染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡指数较对照组上升(P<0.05),而Res组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡指数较ICH组降低(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,ICH组大鼠脑组织中TLR4、CD36、Nrf2及HO-1蛋白表达均高于对照组(P<0.05);与同一时间点ICH组比较,Res组大鼠脑组织中TLR4表达下降(P<0.05),CD36、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达均上升(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,Fe2+组BV2细胞TLR4、CD36、HO-1蛋白相对表达量增高(P<0.05),72 h时Nrf2和p-Nrf2表达量增高(P<0.05),细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量增高(P<0.01);与Fe2+组比较,Fe2++Res低剂量组和Fe2++Res高剂量组TLR4表达量降低(P<0.001),CD36、HO-1、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量增高(P<0.05);与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,Fe2++Res高剂量组HO-1、Nrf2、p-Nrf2和细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量均增高(P<0.05)。结论 白藜芦醇可改善脑出血大鼠的神经功能;脑出血后72 h内Fe2+激活的小胶质细胞主要表现为促炎功能;白藜芦醇可能通过调控Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,促进脑出血后小胶质细胞的功能向抗炎转变。

脑出血  /  小胶质细胞  /  Nrf2/HO-1信号通路  /  白藜芦醇

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol (Res) on microglia function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its possible mechanism. Methods (1) Animal experiment: 27 SD rats (12-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups (9 each): control group, ICH group and Res group; each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (3 each) at 6 h,24 h and 72 h after operation. Rats in ICH group were modeled by autologous blood modeling method, while in control group were only injected with needles without autologous blood injection. Rats in Res group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/(kg.d)resveratrol on the basis of ICH group, and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent of the same volume were injected in control group and ICH group. 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after successful modeling, the corresponding rats were subjected to modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Then the rats in each subgroup were sacrificed and their brain tissues were taken from the same area and embedded in wax blocks. The expression of TRL4, CD36, HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in rat brain tissue was observed by tissue section, HE staining,Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence method. (2) Cell experiment: BV2 mouse microglia cells were divided into control group, Fe2+ group (FeSO4 10 μmol/L) and Fe2++low dose resveratrol (25 μmol/L) group and Fe2++high dose resveratrol(50 μmol/L) group. The expression levels of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were detected by Western blotting after incubation for 24 h and 72 h, respectively, and the localization of Nrf2 protein was observed by cell immunofluorescence. Results (1) mNSS score indicated that rats in ICH group had obvious neurological dysfunction while normal in control group. mNSS score of rats was significantly higher in ICH group than in control group (P<0.01). As time went by 24 h or 72 h, mNSS score of rats reduced significantly in Res group than in ICH group (P<0.05, P<0.01). HE staining of rat brain tissue indicated that increased infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were in ICH group, and the infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells in the brain tissue of rats in Res group was improved compared with those in ICH group. Nissl staining of rat brain tissue showed that, compared with the control group, the dissolution of nissl corpuscles in brain tissue of ICH group increased, and in Res group decreased. TUNEL staining of rat brain tissue showed that the neurocyte apoptosis index in brain tissue of rats in ICH group increased significantly compared with that in control group (P<0.05), and it was significantly lower in Res group compared with ICH group (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence of proteins indicated that the expressions of TLR4, CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in rats'brain tissue in ICH group increased significantly compared with rats in control group (P<0.05). Compared with rats in ICH group,the expression of TLR4 protein in brain tissue of the rats in Res group decreased at the same time point (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of CD36, Nrf2 and HO-1 increased significantly (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the relative expression of TLR4, CD36 and HO-1 protein in BV2 cells of Fe2+ group increased (P<0.05), the expressions of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 increased at 72 h (P<0.05), the expression of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus increased (P<0.01); Compared with the Fe2+ group, the expression of TLR4 in the low dose group of Fe2++Res and the high dose group of Fe2++Res decreased (P<0.001), and the expression of CD36,HO-1, Nrf2, p-Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 protein increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol can improve the neurological function of rats after ICH. The microglia activated by Fe2+ within 72 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage mainly showed pro-inflammatory function. Resveratrol may regulate Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and promote the transformation of microglia function to anti-inflammatory after ICH.

intracerebral hemorrhage  /  microglia  /  Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway  /  resveratrol
姚宁丰, 佘仁夏, 舒艺璇, 熊文丽, 何晓英. 白藜芦醇对脑出血后小胶质细胞功能的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (4) : 420 -430 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0420
Ning-Feng Yao, Ren-Xia She, Yi-Xuan Shu, Wen-Li Xiong, Xiao-Ying He. Effect and mechnism of resveratrol on the functional of microglia after intracerebral hemorrhage[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (4) : 420 -430 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0420
全球每年死于脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)者约有280万人[1]。急性自发性脑出血是ICH的常见类型,致残率和病死率较高。ICH所致脑损伤可分为直接脑损伤和继发性脑损伤,直接脑损伤源于ICH时形成的血肿压迫和破裂血管管理区域缺血,而继发性脑损伤主要由于血肿形成后分解释放的物质产生的局部炎症反应和血脑屏障损害[2-4]。小胶质细胞是神经系统的特异性免疫细胞,在继发性脑损伤和相关的局部炎症反应中可发挥重要作用[5]。ICH后血凝块中的红细胞可被小胶质细胞吞噬,也可直接发生裂解,红细胞分解后可释放大量亚铁离子(ferrous ion,Fe2+),后者在继发性脑损伤和局部炎症反应中发挥着重要作用[6]。白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)是一种天然的多酚植物抗毒素,可减轻脑血管意外后小胶质细胞的促炎作用[7]。在ICH后期,大脑对红细胞裂解成分的防御能力逐渐增强[8],因此早期的红细胞溶解对ICH继发性脑损伤产生主要影响。本研究观察了ICH早期红细胞裂解释放Fe2+对小胶质细胞功能的影响以及白藜芦醇的干预作用,并探讨可能的相关机制,以期为ICH病理损伤机制及早期干预研究提供新的思路和理论依据。
DMEM(高糖)培养基、胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);白藜芦醇(粉剂)(成都曼思特生物科技有限公司);二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(美国Sigma公司);BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、PBS溶液(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);ECL化学发光试剂、PVDF膜(美国Millipore公司);抗CD36抗体、抗Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptors 4,TLR4)抗体、抗血红素加氧酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)抗体、抗核转录因子红系2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)抗体、抗磷酸化Nrf2(phospho-Nrf2,p-Nrf2)抗体及抗GAPDH抗体(英国Abcam公司);辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗兔抗体、Cyanine 3(CY3)标记的羊抗兔抗体(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);大鼠立体定向仪(美国Stoleting公司);扫描仪(日本Canon公司);倒置白光/荧光显微镜(日本Olympus公司)。
12周龄雄性SD大鼠27只,购自成都达硕实验动物有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(川)2015-030]。将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型(ICH)组和白藜芦醇治疗(Res)组(n=9);每组分别分为6、24、72 h三个亚组(n=3);如实验中途死亡,则立即补充新的大鼠入组。本研究通过西南医科大学伦理委员会批准(批准文号:2020021017),实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
通过角膜反射、肌肉反射判断大鼠麻醉成功后,将其固定于立体定向仪上,脱毛膏脱去头顶毛发,暴露皮肤,消毒后纵向切开头顶正中皮肤(长约3.5 cm),用眼科镊将皮肤拉开,充分暴露头正中颅骨及前囟点,使用电动牙科钻于大鼠右侧基底节区尾状核对应点(中线旁3.0 mm、前囟点靠后0.2 mm处)缓慢钻孔,稍有落空感即停。将微量注射器固定于定位仪,放置于钻孔点上方,调整定位仪,使其下移1 mm,若下移过程无阻力,则提示钻孔成功。
将ICH组大鼠断尾后,微量注射器抽取50 μl不凝血;将微量注射器固定于定位仪,放置于钻孔点上方,调整定位仪,使其缓慢下移6 mm,于大鼠尾状核处缓慢匀速注入自体血(10 μl/min),第一次注入20 μl,静置7 min后再次注入剩余的30 μl,注射完毕留针10 min以防止血液返流。最后缓慢匀速出针,缝合头部切口、包扎尾部切口。
大鼠苏醒后立即采用Longa评分法评估造模是否成功(1~3分视为造模成功),从第一次注入自体血时视为ICH开始时间。造模全程密切观察大鼠呼吸等生命体征,未到观察点死亡者视为造模失败,予以重新造模补充。
对照组大鼠只进针,不注入自体血,其余步骤与ICH组一致。参照文献[9],Res组大鼠在判断造模成功后即刻腹腔注射白藜芦醇50 mg/(kg.d),对照组和ICH组大鼠腹腔注入同等体积的2% DMSO。
术后6、24、72 h,分别对3组大鼠进行mNSS评定[10]。评定人员为熟练掌握mNSS评分方法且对大鼠分组不知情者。
(1)HE染色观察大鼠脑组织病理损伤:到达观察时间点后,将对应大鼠深度麻醉,分别用生理盐水(250 ml)和多聚甲醛(200 ml)经胸主动脉灌洗后,取出脑组织放入4%多聚甲醛固定24 h,然后行石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色并观察拍照。(2)尼氏染色评估大鼠神经元代谢情况:各组大鼠脑组织蜡块切片后,脱蜡、入水、贴片,尼氏染液染色;水洗分化,95%乙醇分化5 min,直至细胞颗粒清晰可见;脱水,中性树胶封片;最后镜检、拍照,观察蓝染的尼氏小体含量情况。(3)TUNEL染色评估大鼠神经元凋亡情况:于术后6、24、72 h分别取3组大鼠脑组织制成石蜡切片,经脱蜡、修复、封闭、抗体孵育及中性树胶封片后,在显微镜下观察凋亡细胞并拍照,每组切片分别取5个高倍视野,每个视野计数200个细胞中TUNEL染色阳性凋亡细胞数,以凋亡细胞百分率的平均值作为凋亡指数。
各组大鼠脑组织蜡块切片后,将切片置于65 ℃烘箱中烘片2 h,脱蜡至水,用PBS洗3次,每次5 min;切片置于EDTA缓冲液中微波修复,中火至沸后断电,间隔10 min低火至沸;自然冷却后PBS洗3次,每次5 min;切片置于3%H2O2溶液中,室温下避光孵育10 min;PBS洗3次,每次5 min;滴加10%血清封闭液,室温30 min;滴加一抗,4 ℃过夜;PBS清洗;滴加二抗,37 ℃ 30 min;滴加DAPI,室温孵育10 min;PBS再次清洗;使用抗荧光衰减封片剂封片;采用荧光扫描显微镜摄像系统对切片进行图像采集。采用Image J(1.46r版)提取图像灰度值,计算平均光密度(OD)值。
BV2小鼠小胶质细胞购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,培养液为含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM(高糖),放入37 ℃、21%O2、5%CO2的恒温箱中培养。2~3 d传代1次,取第3~6代细胞用于实验。
将BV2小胶质细胞分为对照组(常规培养)、Fe2+组(10 μmol/L FeSO4)、Fe2++Res低剂量组(10 μmol/L FeSO4+25 μmol/L Res)及Fe2++Res高剂量组(10 μmol/L FeSO4+50 μmol/L Res)。
各组细胞培养至24、72 h时,采用RIPA裂解液裂解细胞并提取蛋白,BCA法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测浓度,加入蛋白上样缓冲液,在100 ℃下煮沸样品10 min使蛋白变性,使用12% PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白样本,转膜,加入封闭液封闭1 h,加入一抗覆盖过膜,在4 ℃摇床上摇晃过夜。TBST 洗4次,轻轻吸干水分后加入二抗,室温下摇床慢速摇1 h,滴加显影液扫膜并分析目标条带,提取灰度值,以GAPDH 作为上样内参照。
各组细胞培养至24、72 h,弃去培养基,用PBS洗3次,每次5 min;4%多聚甲醛溶液固定20 min,用PBS洗3次,每次5 min;用组化笔画圈,防止后面过程孵育液流走;PBS洗3次,每次5 min;用5%BSA按一定比例稀释抗体,滴加适量一抗工作液,4 ℃过夜;复温,PBS清洗3次;滴加二抗工作液,37 ℃水浴锅避光孵育40 min,PBS清洗3次;滴加DAPI染核,室温避光孵育20~30 min,PBS清洗;用抗荧光淬灭封片剂封片,显微镜下观察拍照,提取图像灰度值,得出平均光密度值。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,以GraphPad Prism 8.0软件作图。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用ANOVA分析法,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
各组大鼠分别于术后6、24、72 h进行mNSS评分,结果显示,对照组未见神经功能障碍,ICH组有明显的神经功能障碍;与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠mNSS分值明显升高(P<0.01);与ICH组比较,Res组大鼠mNSS分值在术后6 h无明显变化(P>0.05),术后24 h和72 h则明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)(图1)。
分别于造模成功后6、24、72 h取各组大鼠脑组织切片行HE染色,200倍光镜下观察,结果显示,对照组大鼠脑组织在3个时间点均结构完整,未见红细胞浸润,炎性细胞浸润不明显。与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织红细胞浸润较多,24 h红细胞浸润最为明显,且“空泡状”圆形变多,炎性细胞浸润明显。与ICH组比较,Res组大鼠脑组织也发生类似变化,但红细胞浸润、“空泡状”圆形、炎性细胞浸润均减少(图2)。
造模成功后6、24、72 h,3组大鼠脑组织切片尼氏染色后400倍光镜下观察发现,对照组大鼠脑组织均可见较多呈多边形的神经元,核居中,胞质富含蓝色斑块尼氏小体;与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中神经元肿胀,核偏位,核仁明显,尼氏小体溶解呈透亮区域,且随着时间推移更加明显;与ICH组比较,Res组大鼠脑组织中神经元情况有所改善,且造模成功后24 h尼氏小体最少。
造模成功后6、24、72 h,3组大鼠脑组织切片TUNEL染色后400倍光镜下观察发现,对照组大鼠脑组织均未见明显的细胞凋亡;与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠神经细胞凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.001),随着时间推移,凋亡指数逐渐降低;与ICH组比较,Res组大鼠神经细胞凋亡指数显著降低(P<0.001)(图3)。
免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织细胞TLR4、CD36蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.001);与ICH组比较,Res组TLR4蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.001),CD36蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.001)(图4)。
对3组大鼠脑组织中的Nrf2和HO-1蛋白进行免疫荧光染色,结果显示,与对照组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中Nrf2蛋白表达量明显升高(P<0.001),HO-1蛋白表达量仅在24 h时明显升高(P<0.05);与ICH组比较,Res组Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达量均明显升高(P<0.001),且在24 h时达到最高(图5)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Fe2+组CD36、TLR4表达量均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.001);与Fe2+组比较,Fe2++Res低剂量组和Fe2++Res高剂量组CD36表达量均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.001),TLR4表达量均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.001);与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,Fe2++Res高剂量组在72 h的CD36表达量明显增高(P<0.001),TLR4表达量明显降低(P<0.01,图6)。
Western Blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Fe2+组HO-1蛋白表达量明显增高(P<0.01,P<0.001),Nrf2和p-Nrf2表达量在72 h时均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.001);与Fe2+组比较,Fe2++Res低剂量组和Fe2++Res高剂量组HO-1、Nrf2和p-Nrf2蛋白表达量均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,Fe2++Res高剂量组HO-1、Nrf2和p-Nrf2蛋白表达量均明显增高(P<0.01,P<0.001,图7)。
细胞免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,Fe2+组细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量明显增高(P<0.01,P<0.001);与Fe2+组比较,Fe2++Res低剂量组和Fe2++Res高剂量组细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量均明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);与Fe2++Res低剂量组比较,Fe2++Res高剂量组细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达量明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.001,图7)。
既往研究显示,ICH后继发性脑损伤是造成相关严重并发症的重要原因[11]。小胶质细胞作为神经系统的常驻免疫细胞,占脑细胞总数的5%~10%[12]。ICH后小胶质细胞被激活,具有处理红细胞裂解后释放的Fe2+的能力(它们高表达铁蛋白以螯合铁[13-14]),同时Fe2+也有激活小胶质细胞的作用[15],这可能是ICH后继发性神经损伤的重要原因。
被激活的小胶质细胞根据功能特点可分为M1和M2两种表型[16],其中M1型小胶质细胞的主要功能是促进炎症反应和氧化应激,引起兴奋性毒性和细胞毒性,可促进ICH炎性反应的发生,从而进一步促进神经损伤[17],而M2型小胶质细胞以抑制炎症、吞噬异物、清除血肿和促进组织再生为主要功能[16,18-19]。在大鼠ICH模型中,造模成功3 d内脑组织内小胶质细胞主要为M1型,其后向M2型小胶质细胞转化[20];而ICH急性期M1型小胶质细胞诱导的神经炎症反应是ICH后继发性神经损伤的重要机制,而向M2型小胶质细胞转化则是神经功能恢复的关键。
TLR4是Toll样受体家族的一员,是存在于小胶质细胞膜的Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白,具有识别外源性病原体、诱导促炎细胞因子产生的作用[21-22],可介导炎症反应的发生[23-24]。被激活的M1型小胶质细胞细胞膜表面TLR4表达量明显升高[20,25]。M2型小胶质细胞细胞膜表面主要表达CD36受体;该受体是公认的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞表面的膜蛋白和Ⅱ类清道夫受体,能够介导吞噬损伤、凋亡和衰老的细胞[26],是激活后小胶质细胞发挥吞噬作用时表达的主要受体类型[26-27]。本研究中,ICH组大鼠脑组织中TLR4表达量在术后6 h明显升高,在24、72 h时虽然有所下降,但仍明显高于对照组;另外,ICH组大鼠术后6 h脑组织中CD36表达量也明显上升,在24 h时下降明显,但72 h时脑组织中CD36表达量回升。我们推测,在大鼠脑出血后的最初阶段,脑组织中小胶质细胞被激活,主要表现为促炎功能,随着时间推移,到72 h时,小胶质细胞的功能逐渐向抗炎和吞噬作用转变,这与既往研究一致。ICH组大鼠脑组织HE染色结果也提示,相较ICH后6 h和24 h,72 h时大鼠脑组织内红细胞浸润减少,炎性细胞也减少。这是ICH后脑组织较为常规的反应,虽然ICH后小胶质细胞最初表现出的促炎作用对于损伤起到了积极的防御作用,但因此而导致的炎症级联反应也是引起继发性损伤的关键因素。本研究的细胞实验中利用Fe2+刺激BV2细胞,结果显示其TLR4和CD36表达变化与ICH大鼠脑组织中两种蛋白的变化趋势相似,故我们推测,Fe2+对小胶质细胞激活后的功能可能有重要影响。
ICH后导致小胶质细胞激活的因素较多,其中就包括红细胞裂解后由血红素释放的大量Fe2+,过量的Fe2+促使小胶质细胞释放炎性因子,产生炎症级联反应[28],同时促进活性氧(ROS)的释放。ROS除使神经细胞发生氧化应激外,还可进一步介导铁蛋白复合物释放Fe2+[29]。过多的Fe2+还可消耗谷胱甘肽和产生自由基,从而进一步诱导脑损伤[30-31]。另外,有研究显示,铁螯合剂可减轻ICH后小鼠的神经损伤[32-33]。目前临床预防ICH后继发性损伤的药物依然较为有限。多项研究显示,Res可改善ICH后神经系统功能,促进其恢复,改变小胶质细胞功能可能是Res发挥作用的重要途径[34];目前尚不清楚Res是否可通过改变ICH后Fe2+激活的小胶质细胞的功能,进而减轻ICH后继发性脑损伤。本研究显示,Res能够改善ICH后大鼠神经功能障碍,减轻ICH后大鼠神经元的损伤,对于神经元的功能具有一定保护作用;与同一时间点的ICH组大鼠比较,Res组大鼠脑组织中TLR4表达量明显降低,而CD36表达量明显升高。在大鼠脑组织HE染色中,也观察到同一时间点Res组大鼠脑组织中红细胞和炎性细胞较ICH组大鼠减少。在本研究的细胞实验中,Fe2+引起的BV2小胶质细胞TLR4蛋白增加,经Res处理后可降低;Res组CD36蛋白表达也较Fe2+组明显上升;且这些变化与Res添加时间和浓度呈正相关。所以,我们推测,Res对ICH后神经功能的保护作用与其改变Fe2+激活后的小胶质细胞功能有关。
Nrf2/HO-1信号通路是体内重要的抗炎抗氧化信号通路,与ICH后的神经损伤修复密切相关[35]。Nrf2是一种转录因子,通常与细胞质中的胞质蛋白(Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1,Keapl)以静止状态结合,当受到一系列因素刺激时,Nrf2磷酸化激活,进入细胞核与抗氧化元件(antioxidant responsive element,ARE)序列结合,调控下游产物,发挥抗炎和抗氧化作用[36]。有研究显示,小胶质细胞中Nrf2通路激活可减轻小胶质细胞所造成的炎症反应,且与小胶质细胞的Fe2+毒性承受力增强有关[37]。HO-1是一种诱导型酶,是受Nrf2调控的下游靶蛋白,大脑损伤时激活的小胶质细胞大量表达HO-1[38]。HO-1在ICH中的作用仍存在争议,有研究显示上调Nrf2/HO-1通路可使小胶质细胞发挥抗炎作用[39];但HO-1也是血红素代谢过程中的限速酶,能将血红素分解为一氧化碳、Fe2+、胆绿素等,进而增大ICH后继发性损伤的程度[40-41]。本研究结果显示,ICH后大鼠脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达较对照组升高,经Res治疗后,大鼠脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达量较ICH组明显上升;细胞实验结果也显示,Fe2+可刺激BV2小胶质细胞中Nrf2蛋白含量、磷酸化和入核率的增高,而加入Res干预后,BV2细胞中的两种蛋白量、Nrf2的磷酸化和核内阳性率均显著增高,且与Res的刺激时间和浓度呈正相关。
综上,本研究发现,ICH后3 d内,脑组织中小胶质细胞的防御反应以促炎功能为主,其引发的一系列炎性级联反应可能是造成继发性脑损伤的重要原因;而同期Res可使激活的小胶质细胞功能由促炎向抗炎和吞噬转变,这种转变可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路而阻断Fe2+对小胶质细胞的影响有关。这一系列变化的确切机制有待后续进一步探讨。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0420
  • 接收时间:2022-04-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-24
  • 录用日期:2022-06-22
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    1西南医科大学附属医院神经内科/神经系统疾病与脑功能实验室,四川泸州 646000
    2隆昌市人民医院神经内科,四川隆昌 642150
    3西南医科大学附属中医医院神经内科,四川泸州 646000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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