Article(id=1203036776127492728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653321600000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1658764800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-07-26, onlineDate=1764755918771, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1682611200000, pubDateStr=2023-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764755918771, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764755918771, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764755918771, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203036770628755576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764755917460, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764756108290, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203037571086508742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203037571086508743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203036770628755576, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=437, endPage=444, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203036776437871257, articleId=1203036776127492728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on recovery of parathyroid function, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect of endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on the recovery of postoperative parathyroid function. Methods The clinical data of 323 patients undergoing endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma in the General Surgery Department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into transplant group (n=171) and non-transplant group(n=152) according to whether combined with selective parathyroid. The incidence of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH),Ca2+ concentration and hypoparathyroidism were recorded before surgery and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery in both groups, and the PTH concentration in the elbow fossa veins of both arms were collected in the transplant patients. Risk factors for hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism was higher, while of permanent hypoparathyroidism was lower in transplant group than in non-transplant group (33.33% vs. 23.03%; 0.58% vs. 5.26%), the differences were significant (P=0.007). The PTH concentrations were significantly higher in transplant group than in non-transplant group from 1 week to 12 months after surgery with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The PTH concentration in vein of transplant side cubital fossa was significantly higher from 1 week to 12 months after surgery in transplant group than in non-transplant group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). Twelve months after surgery, PTH secretion function in transplant group and non-transplant group had recovered to 85.42% and 67.60% of preoperative baseline, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery (OR=1.671, 95%CI 1.020-2.738,P=0.041; OR=1.925, 95%CI 1.138-3.259, P=0.015), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism(OR=0.106, 95%CI 0.013-0.857, P=0.035). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism (OR=1.736, 95%CI 1.044-2.887, P=0.034; OR=1.903, 95%CI 1.111-3.258, P=0.019), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR=0.101, 95%CI 0.012-0.839, P=0.034). Conclusion In endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid autotransplantation is an effective strategy to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism, but can also lead to short-term postoperative hypoparathyroidism. As far as possible, selective transplantation of the inferior pole parathyroid glands with intraoperative damage or poor blood supply, based on in situ preservation of the superior pole parathyroid glands, is more conducive to recovery of postoperative parathyroid function.

, correspAuthors=Kun-Peng Qu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对术后甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响。方法 回顾性纳入2019年1月-2021年4月甘肃省人民医院普外科收治的323例行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术患者的临床资料,根据术中是否行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术分为移植组(n=171)与非移植组(n=152)。记录两组患者术前及术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的体循环甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、Ca2+浓度及甲状旁腺功能减退发生情况,收集移植患者双臂肘窝静脉PTH浓度。采用logistic回归分析甲状腺术后甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。结果 移植组暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率高于非移植组(33.33% vs. 23.03%),永久性甲状旁腺功能减退率低于非移植组(0.58% vs. 5.26%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。移植组术后1周至术后12个月的PTH浓度均高于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。移植患者术后1周至术后12个月移植侧肘窝静脉PTH浓度明显高于非移植侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后12个月,移植组甲状旁腺PTH分泌功能恢复至术前的85.42%,非移植组恢复至术前的67.60%。单因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.671,95%CI 1.020~2.738,P=0.041)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.925,95%CI 1.138~3.259,P=0.015)是甲状腺术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.106,95%CI 0.013~0.857,P=0.035)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素。多因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.736,95%CI 1.044~2.887,P=0.034)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.903,95%CI 1.111~3.258,P=0.019)是暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.101,95%CI 0.012~0.839,P=0.034)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素。结论 在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中,甲状旁腺自体移植是预防永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的有效策略,但同时可导致术后短期内甲状旁腺功能减退;尽可能在原位保留上极甲状旁腺的基础上,选择性移植术中损伤或血供不良的下极甲状旁腺,更有利于术后甲状旁腺功能的恢复。

, correspAuthors=屈坤鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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张琪,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及甲状旁腺相关疾病方面的研究

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张琪,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及甲状旁腺相关疾病方面的研究

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Endocr Pract, 2016, 22(10): 1192-1198., articleTitle=Lymphocytic thyroiditis is associated with increased number of benign cervical nodes and fewer central neck compartment metastatic lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036784939724884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=963070, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Lu D, Tang E, Yin S, journalName=Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu D, Tang E, Yin S, et al. Factors in the occurrence and restoration of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer patients with intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation[J]. 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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2011, 145(4): 561-564., articleTitle=Female gender as a risk factor for transient post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036785115885658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=108, issue=6, pageStart=684, pageEnd=690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Salem FA, Bergenfelz A, Nordenström E, journalName=Br J Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Salem FA, Bergenfelz A, Nordenström E, et al. Central lymph node dissection and permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: population-based study[J]. Br J Surg, 2021, 108(6): 684-690., articleTitle=Central lymph node dissection and permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: population-based study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036785191383133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Xing Z, Qiu Y, Xia B, journalName=Gland Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xing Z, Qiu Y, Xia B, et al. Surgical strategy when identifying less than four parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Gland Surg, 2021, 10(1): 10-22., articleTitle=Surgical strategy when identifying less than four parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy: a retrospective cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036785275269216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=223, issue=5, pageStart=472, pageEnd=478, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Olson JA Jr, DeBenedetti MK, Baumann DS, journalName=Ann Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Olson JA Jr, DeBenedetti MK, Baumann DS, et al. Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. Results of long-term follow-up[J]. Ann Surg, 1996, 223(5): 472-478., articleTitle=Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. Results of long-term follow-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036785359155299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=202, pageEnd=205, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Cavallaro G, Iorio O, Centanni M, journalName=Int J Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cavallaro G, Iorio O, Centanni M, et al. Parathyroid reimplantation with PR-FaST technique in unselected patients during thyroidectomy. A case series with long term follow up confirming graft vitality and parathormone production[J]. Int J Surg, 2017, 39: 202-205., articleTitle=Parathyroid reimplantation with PR-FaST technique in unselected patients during thyroidectomy. A case series with long term follow up confirming graft vitality and parathormone production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203036785447235685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=25, issue=10, pageStart=799, pageEnd=807, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=43, authorNames=El-Sharaky MI, Kahalil MR, Sharaky O, journalName=Head Neck, refType=null, unstructuredReference=El-Sharaky MI, Kahalil MR, Sharaky O, et al. Assessment of parathyroid autotransplantation for preservation of parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy[J]. Head Neck, 2003, 25(10): 799-807., articleTitle=Assessment of parathyroid autotransplantation for preservation of parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203036781336818649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, awardId=145RJZA116, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(145RJZA116), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203036781420704732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, awardId=145RJZA116, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省自然科学基金(145RJZA116), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203036777167680206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777171874512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777167680206, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777180263121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777167680206, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203036777255760601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777264149210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777255760601, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of General Surgery, Kangle Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777268343515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777255760601, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2康乐医院普外科,甘肃兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203036777348035296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777356423905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777348035296, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3General Surgery Department No. 6, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203036777360618210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, companyId=1203036777348035296, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3甘肃省人民医院普外六科,甘肃兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203036780095304610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Procedure of endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma combined with parathyroid autotransplantation, figureFileSmall=4LOswSGJ7zsKAA1wy1Nyfw==, figureFileBig=LxjNhpoaONGqzuAbt8yu4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036780170802088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=图1, caption=腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术步骤

A. 甲状旁腺负显影;B. 神经、血管等组织显露;C. 中央区淋巴结清扫;D. 甲状旁腺匀浆注射

, figureFileSmall=4LOswSGJ7zsKAA1wy1Nyfw==, figureFileBig=LxjNhpoaONGqzuAbt8yu4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203036780359545775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of the general information between two groups of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing radical surgery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目移植组(n=171)非移植组(n=152)t/χ2P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)43.8±10.643.0±11.30.7140,475
性别(男/女,例)38/13326/1261.3260.249
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)24.8±2.924.5±2.90.9670.334
Graves病[例(%)]57(33.3)41(27.0)1.5400.227
桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)]49(28.7)36(23.7)1.0250.376
基础疾病[例(%)]
 糖尿病27(15.8)30(19.7)0.8630.353
 高血压43(25.1)32(21.2)0.7020.402
 冠心病18(10.5)21(13.9)0.8610.353
 COPD14(8.2)16(10.5)0.5230.470
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780426654642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组甲状腺癌根治术患者一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目移植组(n=171)非移植组(n=152)t/χ2P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)43.8±10.643.0±11.30.7140,475
性别(男/女,例)38/13326/1261.3260.249
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)24.8±2.924.5±2.90.9670.334
Graves病[例(%)]57(33.3)41(27.0)1.5400.227
桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)]49(28.7)36(23.7)1.0250.376
基础疾病[例(%)]
 糖尿病27(15.8)30(19.7)0.8630.353
 高血压43(25.1)32(21.2)0.7020.402
 冠心病18(10.5)21(13.9)0.8610.353
 COPD14(8.2)16(10.5)0.5230.470
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780514735030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of systemic circulation PTH and Ca2+concentration before and after operation between two groups of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing radical surgery ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标移植组(n=171)非移植组(n=152)tP
PTH(pg/ml)
 术前58.3±12.557.4±11.20.6600.510
 术后1 d19.0±6.3(1)19.4±6.3(1)-0.5750.566
 术后1周24.7±6.7(2)20.1±6.26.434<0.001
 术后1个月37.6±13.1(3)28.9±9.6(3)6.844<0.001
 术后3个月47.5±13.5(4)33.8±10.3(4)10.314<0.001
 术后6个月48.8±13.237.2±10.2(5)8.815<0.001
 术后12个月49.8±14.638.8±10.87.724<0.001
Ca2+(mmol/L)
 术前2.33±0.082.32±0.080.5580.577
 术后1 d2.16±0.112.14±0.071.8000.074
 术后1周2.17±0.072.16±0.061.6690.096
 术后1个月2.23±0.062.20±0.075.216<0.001
 术后3个月2.26±0.062.23±0.064.982<0.001
 术后6个月2.32±0.062.26±0.086.506<0.001
 术后12个月2.32±0.062.29±0.083.882<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780602815419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组甲状腺癌根治术患者手术前后体循环PTH、Ca2+浓度比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标移植组(n=171)非移植组(n=152)tP
PTH(pg/ml)
 术前58.3±12.557.4±11.20.6600.510
 术后1 d19.0±6.3(1)19.4±6.3(1)-0.5750.566
 术后1周24.7±6.7(2)20.1±6.26.434<0.001
 术后1个月37.6±13.1(3)28.9±9.6(3)6.844<0.001
 术后3个月47.5±13.5(4)33.8±10.3(4)10.314<0.001
 术后6个月48.8±13.237.2±10.2(5)8.815<0.001
 术后12个月49.8±14.638.8±10.87.724<0.001
Ca2+(mmol/L)
 术前2.33±0.082.32±0.080.5580.577
 术后1 d2.16±0.112.14±0.071.8000.074
 术后1周2.17±0.072.16±0.061.6690.096
 术后1个月2.23±0.062.20±0.075.216<0.001
 术后3个月2.26±0.062.23±0.064.982<0.001
 术后6个月2.32±0.062.26±0.086.506<0.001
 术后12个月2.32±0.062.29±0.083.882<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780716061629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of PTH concentration in cubital fossa vein on graf t and non-graf t sides of transplant patients (pg/ml, $\bar{x}±s$, n=171)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别术后1 d术后1周术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月术后12个月
移植侧20.47±7.6934.28±10.5883.15±22.1998.74±23.30105.88±22.6883.23±15.94
非移植侧19.02±6.2924.71±6.7237.56±13.1247.53±13.5348.77±13.2149.78±14.57
t1.9109.98123.12424.84928.45120.249
P0.057<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780816724932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

甲状旁腺移植患者移植侧与非移植侧肘窝静脉PTH浓度比较(pg/ml,$\bar{x}±s$,n=171)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别术后1 d术后1周术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月术后12个月
移植侧20.47±7.6934.28±10.5883.15±22.1998.74±23.30105.88±22.6883.23±15.94
非移植侧19.02±6.2924.71±6.7237.56±13.1247.53±13.5348.77±13.2149.78±14.57
t1.9109.98123.12424.84928.45120.249
P0.057<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1203036780929971142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Univariate logistic regression analysis of hypoparathyroidism after parathyroid transplantation [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退永久性甲状旁腺功能减退
POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)
是否移植0.0411.671(1.020~2.738)0.0350.106(0.013~0.857)
性别0.1931.539(0.804~2.946)0.5152.008(0.247~16.350)
高血压0.3270.743(0.409~1.347)0.3980.405(0.050~3.295)
糖尿病0.6900.877(0.459~1.673)0.6060.576(0.071~4.697)
肿瘤直径0.6700.900(0.554~1.462)0.9030.921(0.243~3.492)
BMI0.1140.934(0.858~1.017)0.1971.163(0.925~1.464)
Graves病0.2741.333(0.796~2.232)0.8431.153(0.282~4.705)
桥本甲状腺炎0.0151.925(1.138~3.259)0.7780.795(0.162~3.905)
), ArticleFig(id=1203036781009662922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

甲状旁腺移植后甲状旁腺功能减退的单因素logistic回归分析[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退永久性甲状旁腺功能减退
POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)
是否移植0.0411.671(1.020~2.738)0.0350.106(0.013~0.857)
性别0.1931.539(0.804~2.946)0.5152.008(0.247~16.350)
高血压0.3270.743(0.409~1.347)0.3980.405(0.050~3.295)
糖尿病0.6900.877(0.459~1.673)0.6060.576(0.071~4.697)
肿瘤直径0.6700.900(0.554~1.462)0.9030.921(0.243~3.492)
BMI0.1140.934(0.858~1.017)0.1971.163(0.925~1.464)
Graves病0.2741.333(0.796~2.232)0.8431.153(0.282~4.705)
桥本甲状腺炎0.0151.925(1.138~3.259)0.7780.795(0.162~3.905)
), ArticleFig(id=1203036781110326223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of hypoparathyroidism after parathyroid transplantation [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退永久性甲状旁腺功能减退
POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)
是否移植0.0341.736(1.044~2.887)0.0340.101(0.012~0.839)
性别0.2571.473(0.754~2.875)0.7311.458(0.170~12.480)
高血压0.4640.793(0.427~1.475)0.5240.493(0.056~4.339)
糖尿病0.8920.955(0.489~1.866)0.6400.594(0.067~5.259)
肿瘤直径0.3820.798(0.480~1.324)0.9900.991(0.253~3.891)
BMI0.0830.926(0.848~1.010)0.1511.179(0.942~1.447)
Graves病0.3571.287(0.752~2.203)0.7181.308(0.306~5.595)
桥本甲状腺炎0.0191.903(1.111~3.258)0.9430.942(0.181~4.900)
), ArticleFig(id=1203036781210989523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203036776127492728, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

甲状旁腺移植后甲状旁腺功能减退的多因素logistic回归分析[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退永久性甲状旁腺功能减退
POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)
是否移植0.0341.736(1.044~2.887)0.0340.101(0.012~0.839)
性别0.2571.473(0.754~2.875)0.7311.458(0.170~12.480)
高血压0.4640.793(0.427~1.475)0.5240.493(0.056~4.339)
糖尿病0.8920.955(0.489~1.866)0.6400.594(0.067~5.259)
肿瘤直径0.3820.798(0.480~1.324)0.9900.991(0.253~3.891)
BMI0.0830.926(0.848~1.010)0.1511.179(0.942~1.447)
Graves病0.3571.287(0.752~2.203)0.7181.308(0.306~5.595)
桥本甲状腺炎0.0191.903(1.111~3.258)0.9430.942(0.181~4.900)
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腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响
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张琪 1 , 王泽升 1 , 高金伟 1 , 章婧 2 , 张宇鹏 3 , 屈坤鹏 3, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(4): 437-444
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(4): 437-444
腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响
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张琪1, 王泽升1, 高金伟1, 章婧2, 张宇鹏3, 屈坤鹏3, *
作者信息
  • 1甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 2康乐医院普外科,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 3甘肃省人民医院普外六科,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 张琪,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及甲状旁腺相关疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

屈坤鹏,E-mail:
Endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on recovery of parathyroid function
Qi Zhang1, Ze-Sheng Wang1, Jin-Wei Gao1, Jing Zhang2, Yu-Peng Zhang3, Kun-Peng Qu3, *
Affiliations
  • 1The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  • 2Department of General Surgery, Kangle Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  • 3General Surgery Department No. 6, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
出版时间: 2023-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0437
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目的 探讨腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对术后甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响。方法 回顾性纳入2019年1月-2021年4月甘肃省人民医院普外科收治的323例行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术患者的临床资料,根据术中是否行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术分为移植组(n=171)与非移植组(n=152)。记录两组患者术前及术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的体循环甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、Ca2+浓度及甲状旁腺功能减退发生情况,收集移植患者双臂肘窝静脉PTH浓度。采用logistic回归分析甲状腺术后甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。结果 移植组暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率高于非移植组(33.33% vs. 23.03%),永久性甲状旁腺功能减退率低于非移植组(0.58% vs. 5.26%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。移植组术后1周至术后12个月的PTH浓度均高于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。移植患者术后1周至术后12个月移植侧肘窝静脉PTH浓度明显高于非移植侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后12个月,移植组甲状旁腺PTH分泌功能恢复至术前的85.42%,非移植组恢复至术前的67.60%。单因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.671,95%CI 1.020~2.738,P=0.041)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.925,95%CI 1.138~3.259,P=0.015)是甲状腺术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.106,95%CI 0.013~0.857,P=0.035)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素。多因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.736,95%CI 1.044~2.887,P=0.034)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.903,95%CI 1.111~3.258,P=0.019)是暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.101,95%CI 0.012~0.839,P=0.034)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素。结论 在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中,甲状旁腺自体移植是预防永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的有效策略,但同时可导致术后短期内甲状旁腺功能减退;尽可能在原位保留上极甲状旁腺的基础上,选择性移植术中损伤或血供不良的下极甲状旁腺,更有利于术后甲状旁腺功能的恢复。

腔镜甲状腺癌根治术  /  选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术  /  暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退  /  永久性甲状旁腺功能减退  /  中央区淋巴结清扫

Objective To explore the effect of endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on the recovery of postoperative parathyroid function. Methods The clinical data of 323 patients undergoing endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma in the General Surgery Department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into transplant group (n=171) and non-transplant group(n=152) according to whether combined with selective parathyroid. The incidence of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH),Ca2+ concentration and hypoparathyroidism were recorded before surgery and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery in both groups, and the PTH concentration in the elbow fossa veins of both arms were collected in the transplant patients. Risk factors for hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism was higher, while of permanent hypoparathyroidism was lower in transplant group than in non-transplant group (33.33% vs. 23.03%; 0.58% vs. 5.26%), the differences were significant (P=0.007). The PTH concentrations were significantly higher in transplant group than in non-transplant group from 1 week to 12 months after surgery with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The PTH concentration in vein of transplant side cubital fossa was significantly higher from 1 week to 12 months after surgery in transplant group than in non-transplant group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). Twelve months after surgery, PTH secretion function in transplant group and non-transplant group had recovered to 85.42% and 67.60% of preoperative baseline, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery (OR=1.671, 95%CI 1.020-2.738,P=0.041; OR=1.925, 95%CI 1.138-3.259, P=0.015), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism(OR=0.106, 95%CI 0.013-0.857, P=0.035). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that transplantation and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were the risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism (OR=1.736, 95%CI 1.044-2.887, P=0.034; OR=1.903, 95%CI 1.111-3.258, P=0.019), and transplantation was a protective factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR=0.101, 95%CI 0.012-0.839, P=0.034). Conclusion In endoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid autotransplantation is an effective strategy to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism, but can also lead to short-term postoperative hypoparathyroidism. As far as possible, selective transplantation of the inferior pole parathyroid glands with intraoperative damage or poor blood supply, based on in situ preservation of the superior pole parathyroid glands, is more conducive to recovery of postoperative parathyroid function.

endoscopic radical operation for thyroid carcinoma  /  selective parathyroid autotransplantation  /  transient hypoparathyroidism  /  permanent hypoparathyroidism  /  central lymph node dissection
张琪, 王泽升, 高金伟, 章婧, 张宇鹏, 屈坤鹏. 腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (4) : 437 -444 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0437
Qi Zhang, Ze-Sheng Wang, Jin-Wei Gao, Jing Zhang, Yu-Peng Zhang, Kun-Peng Qu. Endoscopic radical thyroidectomy combined with parathyroid autotransplantation on recovery of parathyroid function[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (4) : 437 -444 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0437
甲状腺癌是内分泌系统常见的恶性肿瘤,约占全球癌症的3%,其中甲状腺乳头状癌为最常见的病理类型,发病率逐年升高[1-3]。手术是甲状腺癌最有效的治疗手段之一[4-5]。近年来,由于手术设备和技术的发展以及患者对美容需求的提高[6],腔镜甲状腺手术不断发展完善,并逐渐演化为甲状腺癌的主要术式之一[7-8]。腔镜本身具有放大作用,有利于识别并保护甲状旁腺和喉返神经[9]。但由于甲状旁腺解剖部位的特殊性[10],无论哪种术式和操作技巧,都可造成术后不同程度的甲状旁腺功能减退。与单纯甲状腺切除术相比,加行中央区淋巴结清扫术的甲状腺癌根治术患者发生甲状旁腺血供损伤或误切的风险更高,术后出现甲状旁腺功能减退的情况更为显著[11]。研究发现,甲状腺术后暂时性和永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率分别达48.6%和6.4%[12-13]。前者造成一过性低钙血症,并不会对患者生活质量造成明显影响,但后者将导致终身医疗,严重增加了患者的疾病和经济负担。而目前甲状旁腺功能减退缺乏明确的药物治疗或激素替代治疗方案[14-15],因此有学者提出在甲状腺术中行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植是挽救血供受损或误切甲状旁腺的有效措施之一[16]。但在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术对术后甲状旁腺功能恢复的研究较少报道。本研究基于腔镜甲状腺切除术,探讨腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中联合甲状旁腺自体移植术对甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响。
回顾性收集2019年1月-2021年4月甘肃省人民医院普外科收治的323例行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术患者的临床资料。在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中,所有甲状旁腺原位保留者设为非移植组(n=152);对于术中可疑误切或血供损伤的甲状旁腺,经甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)免疫胶体金试纸测定确认后移植该枚甲状旁腺者设为移植组(n=171)。纳入标准:(1)术前经甲状腺超声、颈部CT或细针穿刺活检,符合美国甲状腺协会对甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断标准[17];(2)经术后病理检查证实。排除标准:(1)临床资料不全,术后12个月内未能按期随访;(2)既往有颈部手术史或治疗史;(3)术前PTH或Ca2+浓度异常;(4)术中行颈侧方淋巴结清扫术;(5)合并严重的肝、肾功能障碍;(6)术后标本病检发现甲状旁腺组织。本研究经甘肃省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准(2022-195)。
非移植组在全麻下行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术,术中逐步分离显露病变甲状腺腺叶后经皮注射0.2 ml纳米碳,黑染甲状腺、淋巴结等组织,负性显影甲状旁腺(图1A)。在精细化解剖的基础上切除病变甲状腺腺叶,游离并确认喉返神经、血管、气管等组织(图1B)后,常规行中央区淋巴结清扫术(图1C)。原位保留所有甲状旁腺,最后在手术部位放置负压引流管,缝合切口,术毕。
移植组行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术联合选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术,腔镜甲状腺癌根治术同非移植组,术中发现有可疑甲状旁腺误切或血供损伤时,经PTH免疫胶体金试纸测定后,将离体的甲状旁腺立即置于1 ml 4 ℃生理盐水中,用眼科剪剪成尽可能小的碎粒,制成甲状旁腺混悬液,使用匀浆注射法即时将其注射至非优势前臂肱桡肌处(图1D)。
(1)收集患者一般资料,包括年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、Graves病、桥本甲状腺炎及基础疾病情况。(2)统计患者术后暂时性和永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生情况。(3)术后常规复查PTH及Ca2+浓度(PTH正常值为16~88 pg/ml,PTH<16 pg/ml且术后12个月内恢复则认定为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,术后12个月仍未恢复则认定为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退),根据二者检验结果调整补钙剂量。记录患者术前及术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的体循环(非移植前臂肘窝静脉)PTH及Ca2+浓度。(4)记录移植患者术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的双侧肘窝静脉PTH浓度。(5)采用logistic回归分析暂时性和永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以率(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验;符合正态分布或近似正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验或校正t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共纳入323例,移植组171例,其中男38例,女133例,年龄22~77(43.8±10.6)岁;非移植组152例,其中男26例,女126例,年龄20~72(43.0±11.3)岁。两组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、Graves病、桥本甲状腺炎、合并基础疾病(糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病)比例比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
移植组共58例(33.9%,58/171)发生甲状旁腺功能减退,其中57例(33.33%,57/171)为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,1例(0.58%,1/171)为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退;非移植组共43例(28.3%,43/152)发生甲状旁腺功能减退,其中35例(23.03%,35/152)为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,8例(5.26%,8/152)为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。移植组暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率高于非移植组,永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率低于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。女性患者中86例(33.20%,86/259)发生甲状旁腺功能减退,男性患者中15例(23.44%,15/64)发生甲状旁腺功能减退,差异无统计学意义(P=0.136)。
两组术前、术后1 d体循环PTH浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月移植组PTH浓度均高于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组术前、术后1 d及术后1周体循环Ca2+浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1、3、6、12个月移植组Ca2+浓度均高于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)(表2)。
同组相邻随访期体循环PTH浓度比较,移植组术前至术后3个月组内差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3个月至术后12个月组内比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);非移植组术后1周至术后6个月组内比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后6个月至术后12个月组内比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。术后12个月,移植组甲状旁腺PTH分泌功能恢复至术前的85.42%,非移植组恢复至术前的67.60%(表2)。
术后1 d移植组移植侧与非移植侧肘窝静脉血清PTH浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周至术后12个月移植侧血清PTH浓度明显高于非移植侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随着康复时间延长,术后各时间点移植侧与非移植侧PTH浓度均呈上升趋势,移植侧术后6个月PTH分泌达峰值,然后开始下降(表3)。
单因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.671,95%CI 1.020~2.738,P=0.041)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.925,95%CI 1.138~3.259,P=0.015)是甲状腺术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.106,95%CI 0.013~0.857,P=0.035)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素(表4)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,移植(OR=1.736,95%CI 1.044~2.887,P=0.034)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.903,95%CI 1.111~3.258,P=0.019)是暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,移植(OR=0.101,95%CI 0.012~0.839,P=0.034)是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素(表5)。
腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中,使用纳米碳[18]负显影识别甲状旁腺,在精细化解剖技术的基础上尽可能保持甲状旁腺的血液供应完整,同时解剖过程中避免不必要的操作是减少术后甲状旁腺功能减退的有效预防手段[19]。但在甲状腺切除术中是否有必要识别所有甲状旁腺仍存在一定争议。Iorio等[20]认为,仔细解剖、系统识别所有甲状旁腺是维持腺体活力和避免术后甲状旁腺功能减退的最佳方法。而Mehta等[21]认为,术中识别的甲状旁腺数目与术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生无相关性。Sheahan等[22]研究发现,刻意识别更多甲状旁腺可能增加甲状旁腺腺体或血供创伤性损伤的风险。相反,甲状旁腺在被脂肪组织包围而无法识别的情况下,这种额外的“填充物”可能会保护腺体及其血供免受手术干扰。笔者并未系统性寻找甲状旁腺,而是根据解剖学位置的不同[23]分别处理上、下极甲状旁腺,上极甲状旁腺常位于甲状腺下动脉与喉返神经交叉上方,位置较固定,更容易原位保留;而下极甲状旁腺与胸腺起源于第三咽囊,在发育过程中随胸腺一起下降,其位置变异度较大,常规行中央区淋巴结清扫时会进一步增加下极甲状旁腺误切或血供受损的风险[11]。Qin等[24]更是认为,在中央区淋巴结清扫术中,下极甲状旁腺的损伤甚至是不可避免的。因此,笔者术中不刻意寻找上极甲状旁腺,游离解剖时尽量避开上极甲状旁腺的解剖位置,原位保留上极甲状旁腺。紧贴甲状腺固有被膜处理甲状腺终末血管,避免直接夹断甲状腺上、下动脉主干,以减少甲状旁腺血供损伤,尽可能原位保留下极甲状旁腺。当下极甲状旁腺误切或操作不当损伤血供时,应及时行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术。目前甲状旁腺血供情况及旁腺原位生存能力主要根据术者对甲状旁腺色泽变化做出判断,当甲状旁腺动脉缺血时并不导致甲状旁腺发生明显的颜色改变,但静脉充血时甲状旁腺由橙色变为褐色,而前者对甲状旁腺功能的影响更为显著。所以仅根据色泽判断甲状旁腺功能显然不够规范,并不能确定腺体是暂时性功能障碍还是永久性功能损伤,具有一定的主观性。因此,术中推荐使用吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影技术[25]评估甲状旁腺血供情况,以客观评价甲状旁腺功能,决定是否行甲状旁腺自体移植术,该技术对手术决策具有附加价值。
甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率差异很大,造成这一现象的原因主要是目前对甲状旁腺功能减退的定义并不一致[26]。欧洲指南[27]将永久性甲状旁腺功能减退定义为术后6个月血清PTH浓度低或需要替代治疗,而美国临床内分泌医学协会[28]将随访期延长至1年。事实上,几乎没有经验证据明确需要多长时间来确认甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能的最终丧失。有研究发现,以术后6个月为截止时间,约45.2%的患者被过度诊断为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退[29]。因此在确诊为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退前,长期随访是必要的。本研究以术后12个月为参考时间,术后12个月内甲状旁腺功能恢复则定义为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,否则定义为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。
甲状腺术中行甲状旁腺自体移植可增加暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的风险已基本达成共识,但对永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的影响仍不明确。这也是甲状腺术中是否行甲状旁腺自体移植的主要争议所在。Ahmed等[30]将全甲状腺切除术中行原位保留者设为A组(97例),甲状旁腺移植者设为B组(291例),术后两组暂时性低钙血症发生率差异无统计学意义(16.8% vs. 23.7%,P>0.05),但A组永久性低钙血症发生率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(2.9% vs. 0.3%,P<0.05)。他们认为,甲状旁腺自体移植是确保甲状旁腺功能良好的首选方法,建议常规移植。但该研究未明确甲状旁腺移植数目,所以存在一定局限性。Qiu等[13]发现,在甲状腺切除术中,甲状旁腺原位保留者、甲状旁腺移植1枚者、甲状旁腺移植2枚者术后永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率分别为1.7%、0.7%、0.4%;他们认为甲状旁腺自体移植是暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的独立危险因素,却是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的预防因素,故推荐行选择性甲状旁腺自体移植。Su等[31]将甲状旁腺自体移植者设为A组,所有甲状旁腺原位保留者设为B组,两组暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率分别为45.5%和29.0%(P<0.001),永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率分别为1.0%和0.7%(P>0.05),他们认为术中行甲状旁腺自体移植可增加暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的风险,但术后永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生与之无关,故建议尽可能原位保留甲状旁腺。甚至有学者认为甲状旁腺自体移植可增加术后永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的风险[32]。笔者不推荐常规行甲状旁腺自体移植,但对于术中误切或血供受损的甲状旁腺,选择性甲状旁腺自体移植术是挽救甲状旁腺功能最有效的方法,可有效避免术后永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生。本研究中移植组暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率为33.33%,高于非移植组的23.03%,而永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率为0.58%,低于非移植组的5.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析均显示移植是暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素,却是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的保护因素,与Qiu等[13]的研究结果一致。
本研究回顾了323例行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术(甲状腺全切术+中央区淋巴结清扫术)患者的临床数据,单因素和多因素logistic回归分析显示桥本甲状腺炎均为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。分析原因:一方面桥本甲状腺炎导致甲状腺弥漫性增大,甲状腺血供更为丰富,延长了手术时间,增加了手术难度;另一方面,桥本甲状腺炎可导致淋巴结反应性增大[33],术者误认为该类淋巴结为转移性淋巴结,从而扩大了淋巴结清扫范围。两方面因素均增加了甲状旁腺损伤或误切的风险,导致术后甲状旁腺功能减退。Lu等[34]也得到了类似的研究结果。有研究显示,女性是甲状腺术后甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素之一[35],但对于该现象的具体机制目前仍处于假设阶段,可能与性激素对PTH分泌的影响、细胞信号通路的遗传变异等有关。但本研究结果与Salem等[36]的观点一致,认为性别与甲状腺术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生无相关性。但本研究纳入样本量较少,且研究对象多为老年女性,性激素分泌能力下降,可能是与上述研究结论不同的主要原因。性别对于甲状旁腺功能的影响缺乏可靠的理论支持,具体机制尚不清楚,仍需进一步深入研究。
既往对甲状腺术后甲状旁腺功能减退的研究主要基于传统开放手术,同时未明确甲状腺切除范围[30-31]。本研究基于腔镜甲状腺切除术,明确手术范围为双侧甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴结清扫。既往研究为减少术中切口选择胸锁乳突肌作为移植部位,并通过颗粒包埋法进行移植[12,37]。然而该术式无法精确区分原位保留和移植的甲状旁腺恢复情况。本研究选择非优势前臂肱桡肌作为移植部位,当双臂肘窝静脉PTH浓度比达1.5倍时认为移植物存活[38]。相较于颗粒包埋法,匀浆注射具有以下优势:(1)创伤小,不需要额外切开肌肉;(2)操作简单,移植速度快,可缩短甲状旁腺体外保持时间;(3)便于甲状旁腺功能恢复情况的监测;(4)移植后发生甲状旁腺功能亢进、腺瘤、血肿等意外情况时容易剔除[39]。与其他移植部位相比,非优势前臂肱桡肌移植能够评估移植物功能恢复情况,是一种安全有效且具有潜在优势的移植部位。本研究发现,移植组患者术后1周至12个月PTH浓度明显高于非移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);移植患者移植侧术后1周至术后12个月PTH浓度明显高于非移植侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);表明移植的甲状旁腺于1周内存活并开始分泌PTH,与Zhang等[16]的研究结果一致,他们发现96.5%的患者在术后2周内首次出现移植物功能,3.5%的患者在术后2~8周出现移植物功能,自体甲状旁腺移植功能恢复的时间间隔为(1.3±0.9)周。但El-Sharaky等[40]通过为期4周的电子显微镜观察发现,移植甲状旁腺在术后第2周开始具备分泌功能,至术后4周接近正常状态。本研究发现,随着康复时间延长,移植患者移植侧甲状旁腺PTH分泌持续升高,术后6个月达最佳分泌状态,其后分泌功能开始逐步下降,术后12个月下降至体循环正常值范围。分析出现这一现象的原因为:一方面原位保留的甲状旁腺恢复了正常分泌能力,负反馈抑制了移植部位的甲状旁腺功能;另一方面机体已由术后甲状旁腺代偿状态过渡为正常生理状态,无论原位保留还是移植部位的甲状旁腺均按机体需求分泌PTH。同组相邻随访期体循环PTH浓度比较,移植组术后3个月低于术后6个月,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);非移植组术后6个月低于术后12个月,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明移植组术后6个月甲状旁腺功能已基本稳定,而非移植组至术后12个月才达稳定状态,由此可见,甲状旁腺自体移植更有利于术后甲状旁腺早期恢复功能。Qiu等[29]的研究也得出了相同的结论。
综上所述,在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中,甲状旁腺自体移植可有效预防永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,但同时可导致术后短期内甲状旁腺功能减退;尽可能在原位保留上极甲状旁腺的基础上,选择性移植1枚术中损伤或血供不良的下极甲状旁腺,更有利于术后甲状旁腺功能的早期恢复。术中纳米碳“负显影”识别保护甲状旁腺、吲哚菁绿荧光显色评估甲状旁腺血供、PTH免疫胶体金试纸定性甲状旁腺、移植物匀浆注射于前臂肱桡肌4种技术构成了目前最为高效、便捷、经济的甲状旁腺自体移植方法。
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(145RJZA116)
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2023年第48卷第4期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.04.0437
  • 接收时间:2022-05-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-24
  • 录用日期:2022-07-26
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Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(145RJZA116)
甘肃省自然科学基金(145RJZA116)
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    1甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃兰州 730000
    2康乐医院普外科,甘肃兰州 730000
    3甘肃省人民医院普外六科,甘肃兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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