Article(id=1203002062708633833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0663, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1662048000000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1673193600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-01-09, onlineDate=1764747642446, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747642446, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747642446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747642446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=663, endPage=669, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002063417471260, articleId=1203002062708633833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of Tom70/PNPT1 mitochondrial translocation regulation in hypoxic injury of rat cardiomyocytes, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of mitochondrial translocation regulation of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (Tom70) /polyribonucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1) in hypoxic injury of rat myocardial cells. Methods (1) Rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into control group (treated with normoxia for 12 hours) and hypoxia group (treated with hypoxia for 12 hours). The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of TUBA mRNA was detected by qPCR, and the expression of PNPT1 protein was detected by Western blotting. (2) H9C2 cells were infected with lentivirus vector carrying Tom70 sequence to up-regulate the expression of Tom70. The cells were then divided into NC group (lentivirus negative control group, containing lentivirus empty vector only), Tom70 over-expression group (lentivirus vector carrying Tom70 sequence), hypoxia+NC group, hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of Tom70, PNPT1 protein in cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of hypoxia+NC group and hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group, the expression of TUBA mRNA in the hypoxia+NC group and hypoxia+Tom70 overexpression group were detected by qPCR, and the interaction between Tom70 and PNPT1 in the cells was detected by immunoprecipitation technique. Results (1) The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells in hypoxic group was significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of qPCR showed that compared with the control group, the content of TUBA mRNA in cells of hypoxia group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that compared with control group, the expression level of PNPT1 protein in mitochondria of hypoxic group was significantly decreased, while the expression level of PNPT1 protein in cytoplasm was significantly increased (P<0.05). (2) Western blotting showed that compared with control group and NC group, the expression of Tom70 in the Tom70 over-expression group was significantly increased (P<0.05); Under normal oxygen conditions, there was no significant difference in the expression of mitochondrial PNPT1 and cytoplasmic PNPT1 between NC group and Tom70 over-expression group; Under hypoxia condition, compared with hypoxia+NC group, the expression level of mitochondrial PNPT1 in hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group was significantly higher, and the expression level of cytoplasmic PNPT1 was significantly lower (P<0.05). The results of immunoprecipitation showed that Tom70 and PNPT1 in cardiomyocytes could bind each other. The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with hypoxia+NC group, the apoptosis rate of hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group decreased (P<0.05). The results of qPCR showed that compared with hypoxia+NC group, the content of TUBA mRNA in the hypoxia+Tom70 overexpression group increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Tom70 can alleviate hypoxic injury of rat myocardial cells by regulating the expression of PNPT1 mitochondria and reducing the degradation of apoptosis-related mRNA.

, correspAuthors=Hai-Feng Pei, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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目的 探讨线粒体外膜转位酶70(Tom70)/多核糖核苷酸核苷转移酶1(PNPT1)线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制。方法 (1)将大鼠H9C2心肌细胞分为对照组(常氧条件培养12 h)与缺氧组(缺氧干预12 h),采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测TUBA mRNA表达情况,Western blotting检测PNPT1蛋白表达情况。(2)利用携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体转染H9C2细胞,分为NC组(慢病毒阴性对照组,转染慢病毒空载体)、Tom70过表达组(转染携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体)、缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组,采用Western blotting检测各组Tom70、PNPT1蛋白表达水平,采用流式细胞术检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达情况,免疫共沉淀技术检测细胞中Tom70与PNPT1的相互作用情况。结果 (1)流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05)。qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组细胞中TUBA mRNA含量明显减少(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组线粒体内PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显降低,而胞质PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显上升(P<0.05)。(2)Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组和NC组比较,Tom70过表达组细胞内Tom70表达量明显增加(P<0.05);常氧条件下,NC组与Tom70过表达组线粒体及胞质中的PNPT1表达均无明显差异,而缺氧条件下,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组线粒体PNPT1表达水平明显升高,胞质PNPT1表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。免疫共沉淀结果显示,心肌细胞中的Tom70与PNPT1能够相互结合。流式细胞术检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率下降(P<0.05)。qPCR检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组相比,缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达水平明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 Tom70可通过调控PNPT1的线粒体定位表达减少凋亡相关mRNA的降解来减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤。

, correspAuthors=裴海峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
裴海峰,E-mail:
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程旭,硕士研究生,主要从事代谢性心血管疾病方面的研究

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程旭,硕士研究生,主要从事代谢性心血管疾病方面的研究

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A. 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;B. qPCR检测TUBA mRNA的表达;C. Western blotting检测PNPT1蛋白的表达;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=g7fQFibsv+SLNrh91bJ6uQ==, figureFileBig=q54uZDiK/ns46n3Q+J5ppg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008546943234922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=

Interaction between Tom70 and PNPT1 in rat's H9C2 cells(Co-immunoprecipitation)

, figureFileSmall=k5ehUhxOq7Z2tKKDJP4G0w==, figureFileBig=WmKk6eBJzfn3i4iryDekgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008547039703916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=CN, label=图2, caption=大鼠H9C2细胞中Tom70与PNPT1的相互作用情况(免疫共沉淀), figureFileSmall=k5ehUhxOq7Z2tKKDJP4G0w==, figureFileBig=WmKk6eBJzfn3i4iryDekgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008547136172910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The effect of Tom70 up-regulation on PNPT1 localization in H9C2, figureFileSmall=EeP3zWwmszfI/LFkms34fA==, figureFileBig=ExB8678g09pQWlLlW2CdMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008547215864688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=CN, label=图3, caption=上调Tom70对H9C2中PNPT1定位的影响

A、B. Western blotting检测蛋白表达情况;C. 倒置显微镜观察细胞状态(×40);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与NC组比较,(2)P<0.05;与缺氧+NC组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=EeP3zWwmszfI/LFkms34fA==, figureFileBig=ExB8678g09pQWlLlW2CdMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008547295556467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of Tom70 up-regulation on the degradation of TUBA mRNA and cell apoptosis in hypoxia H9C2, figureFileSmall=JM+lquWZj9cz9VYC4z3fkg==, figureFileBig=tQ6N4gvuO62xq7efuUwY3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008547408802678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062708633833, language=CN, label=图4, caption=上调Tom70对缺氧H9C2细胞中TUBA mRNA表达及细胞凋亡的影响

A. 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;B. qPCR检测TUBA mRNA的表达;与缺氧+NC组比较,(1)P<0.05

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Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制
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程旭 1, 2 , 田静 1 , 李静 2 , 刘青 3 , 裴海峰 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(6): 663-669
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(6): 663-669
Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制
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程旭1, 2, 田静1, 李静2, 刘青3, 裴海峰1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
  • 2西部战区总医院心血管内科,四川成都 610083
  • 3解放军第950医院医工科,新疆喀什 844999
  • 程旭,硕士研究生,主要从事代谢性心血管疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

裴海峰,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of Tom70/PNPT1 mitochondrial translocation regulation in hypoxic injury of rat cardiomyocytes
Xu Cheng1, 2, Jing Tian1, Jing Li2, Qing Liu3, Hai-Feng Pei1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Medical College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
  • 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 3Department of Medical Engineering, the 950th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Kashi, Xinjiang 844999, China
出版时间: 2023-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0663
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目的 探讨线粒体外膜转位酶70(Tom70)/多核糖核苷酸核苷转移酶1(PNPT1)线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制。方法 (1)将大鼠H9C2心肌细胞分为对照组(常氧条件培养12 h)与缺氧组(缺氧干预12 h),采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测TUBA mRNA表达情况,Western blotting检测PNPT1蛋白表达情况。(2)利用携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体转染H9C2细胞,分为NC组(慢病毒阴性对照组,转染慢病毒空载体)、Tom70过表达组(转染携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体)、缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组,采用Western blotting检测各组Tom70、PNPT1蛋白表达水平,采用流式细胞术检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达情况,免疫共沉淀技术检测细胞中Tom70与PNPT1的相互作用情况。结果 (1)流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05)。qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组细胞中TUBA mRNA含量明显减少(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组线粒体内PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显降低,而胞质PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显上升(P<0.05)。(2)Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组和NC组比较,Tom70过表达组细胞内Tom70表达量明显增加(P<0.05);常氧条件下,NC组与Tom70过表达组线粒体及胞质中的PNPT1表达均无明显差异,而缺氧条件下,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组线粒体PNPT1表达水平明显升高,胞质PNPT1表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。免疫共沉淀结果显示,心肌细胞中的Tom70与PNPT1能够相互结合。流式细胞术检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率下降(P<0.05)。qPCR检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组相比,缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达水平明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 Tom70可通过调控PNPT1的线粒体定位表达减少凋亡相关mRNA的降解来减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤。

心肌细胞凋亡  /  缺氧  /  多核糖核苷酸核苷转移酶1  /  线粒体外膜转运蛋白70

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of mitochondrial translocation regulation of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (Tom70) /polyribonucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1) in hypoxic injury of rat myocardial cells. Methods (1) Rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into control group (treated with normoxia for 12 hours) and hypoxia group (treated with hypoxia for 12 hours). The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of TUBA mRNA was detected by qPCR, and the expression of PNPT1 protein was detected by Western blotting. (2) H9C2 cells were infected with lentivirus vector carrying Tom70 sequence to up-regulate the expression of Tom70. The cells were then divided into NC group (lentivirus negative control group, containing lentivirus empty vector only), Tom70 over-expression group (lentivirus vector carrying Tom70 sequence), hypoxia+NC group, hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of Tom70, PNPT1 protein in cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of hypoxia+NC group and hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group, the expression of TUBA mRNA in the hypoxia+NC group and hypoxia+Tom70 overexpression group were detected by qPCR, and the interaction between Tom70 and PNPT1 in the cells was detected by immunoprecipitation technique. Results (1) The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of myocardial cells in hypoxic group was significantly higher (P<0.05). The results of qPCR showed that compared with the control group, the content of TUBA mRNA in cells of hypoxia group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that compared with control group, the expression level of PNPT1 protein in mitochondria of hypoxic group was significantly decreased, while the expression level of PNPT1 protein in cytoplasm was significantly increased (P<0.05). (2) Western blotting showed that compared with control group and NC group, the expression of Tom70 in the Tom70 over-expression group was significantly increased (P<0.05); Under normal oxygen conditions, there was no significant difference in the expression of mitochondrial PNPT1 and cytoplasmic PNPT1 between NC group and Tom70 over-expression group; Under hypoxia condition, compared with hypoxia+NC group, the expression level of mitochondrial PNPT1 in hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group was significantly higher, and the expression level of cytoplasmic PNPT1 was significantly lower (P<0.05). The results of immunoprecipitation showed that Tom70 and PNPT1 in cardiomyocytes could bind each other. The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with hypoxia+NC group, the apoptosis rate of hypoxia+Tom70 over-expression group decreased (P<0.05). The results of qPCR showed that compared with hypoxia+NC group, the content of TUBA mRNA in the hypoxia+Tom70 overexpression group increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Tom70 can alleviate hypoxic injury of rat myocardial cells by regulating the expression of PNPT1 mitochondria and reducing the degradation of apoptosis-related mRNA.

myocardial cell apoptosis  /  hypoxia  /  polyribonucleotide nucleoside transferase 1  /  translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70
程旭, 田静, 李静, 刘青, 裴海峰. Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (6) : 663 -669 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0663
Xu Cheng, Jing Tian, Jing Li, Qing Liu, Hai-Feng Pei. Effect and mechanism of Tom70/PNPT1 mitochondrial translocation regulation in hypoxic injury of rat cardiomyocytes[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (6) : 663 -669 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0663
缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)已成为全球导致死亡的第一大原因[1-3],其病理生理学机制十分复杂。目前,再灌注血运重建是治疗IHD最有效的治疗方法。然而,此过程可导致缺血再灌注损伤,目前尚无有效的解决办法[4-6],因此寻找新的治疗靶点十分必要。多核糖核苷酸核苷转移酶1(polyribonucleotide nucleoside transferase 1,PNPT1)是一种定位于线粒体膜间隙的3'-5'核糖核酸外切酶,可将线粒体呼吸所必需的染色体编码RNA导入线粒体基质,以保证线粒体呼吸功能正常[7]。近年来的研究发现,PNPT1从线粒体膜间隙进入细胞质后可触发mRNA广泛降解,导致细胞凋亡[8],且这一凋亡机制已被证实存在于IHD中[9],提示线粒体蛋白PNPT1在IHD中发挥着重要作用。但PNPT1是如何被运输至线粒体内尚不清楚。线粒体外膜转运蛋白70(translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70,Tom70)是一种70 kD的多功能衔接蛋白,锚定在后生动物、真菌和变形虫的线粒体外膜上,对于核编码线粒体蛋白质的翻译后输入至关重要[10-12]。本课题组前期研究也发现Tom70在IHD中起保护作用[13],但其是否通过调节PNPT1线粒体转位而在IHD中发挥保护作用尚未见报道。本研究通过模拟缺氧环境来探究Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的具体作用及其机制,旨在为IHD的防治提供新思路。
大鼠心肌细胞(H9C2)购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司。DMEM高糖培养基、胰蛋白酶购自美国Hyclone公司,DMEM无糖培养基购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,胎牛血清购自美国Gibco公司,线粒体蛋白提取试剂盒、Annexin V-APC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自江苏凯基生物科技有限公司,Trizol购自美国Invitrogen公司,SYBR及反转录试剂盒购自日本TaKaRa公司,qPCR引物由成都擎科伟业生物科技有限公司合成,免疫共沉淀试剂盒、Tom70一抗、PNPT1一抗、β-tublin一抗及山羊抗兔二抗购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,线粒体内参蛋白(VDAC1)一抗购自美国Abcam公司。
大鼠H9C2心肌细胞中加入含10%胎牛血清及1%双抗的DMEM高糖培养基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养,每2 d更换培养基,待细胞增殖至80%~90%融合时,采用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并按1:3传代培养。选择处于对数生长期的细胞接种于6孔板中,按分组及干预条件进行后续实验。
(1)将对数生长期的H9C2心肌细胞分为对照组(在常氧条件培养12 h)与缺氧组(予以缺氧干预12 h),采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测TUBA mRNA表达情况,Western blotting检测PNPT1蛋白表达情况。(2)将对数生长期的H9C2心肌细胞种于6孔板,待细胞增殖至40%融合时,按照说明书进行Tom70过表达慢病毒感染(MOI=50),将细胞分为NC组(转染慢病毒空载体)、Tom70过表达组(转染过表达Tom70的慢病毒)、缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组(缺氧+NC组与缺氧+Tom70过表达组均予以缺氧干预12 h),采用Western blotting检测Tom70、PNPT1蛋白表达水平,采用流式细胞术检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率,qPCR检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达情况,免疫共沉淀技术检测细胞中Tom70与PNPT1的相互作用情况。
将对照组和缺氧组、缺氧+NC组及缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞消化后1000 r/min离心5 min,预冷的PBS洗涤2次。1×结合缓冲液重悬细胞,加入5 μl膜联蛋白V(APC)染料,随后再加入碘化丙啶5 μl,轻柔混匀后避光孵育15 min。采用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况,并采用Flowjo软件进行分析。
采用Trizol法提取对照组和缺氧组、缺氧+NC组及缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞的总RNA,向各组细胞中加入1 ml Trizol,室温放置5 min后加入200 μl氯仿,震荡混匀后放置15 min,在4 ℃、12 000×g条件下离心15 min后吸取上层水相置于另一离心管中,加入500 μl异丙醇,室温静置10 min,在4 ℃、12 000×g条件下离心10 min后,弃上清,加入75%乙醇,在4 ℃、800×g条件下离心5 min,弃上清,室温晾干5 min,加入TE缓冲液溶解后检测RNA的OD值。随后按照反转录试剂盒说明书反转录为cDNA,采用qPCR法检测缺氧和非缺氧条件下心肌细胞中TUBA mRNA的表达水平,以及缺氧+NC组和缺氧+Tom70过表达组的TUBA mRNA表达水平。采用基因相对定量法(2–∆∆Ct)计算目的基因表达量,以7SL RNA为内参照。
按照线粒体蛋白提取试剂盒要求,胰酶消化对照组和缺氧组,以及NC组、Tom70过表达组、缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞后,PBS洗涤,800×g离心5 min收集细胞。加入1.5 ml含胎牛血清的培养基后重悬细胞,将细胞悬液转移到玻璃匀浆器内,冰上研磨40次后转移至离心管,4 ℃下800×g离心5 min。在另一个新的预冷离心管中预先加入培养缓冲液,将上清液(上清液:培养缓冲液=1:1)加入离心管,在4 ℃、15 000×g条件下离心10 min,离心后的上清即为分离出的胞质成分,将其收集至新的离心管,置于–80 ℃冰箱保存(用于后续胞质蛋白的Western blotting检测)。向离心后的沉淀加入洗涤液重悬,在4 ℃、15 000×g条件下离心10 min,弃上清;在剩下的沉淀中加入配制好的线粒体裂解液,置于摇床上温和震荡15 min后,在4 ℃、14 000 r/min条件下离心15 min,离心后的上清即为线粒体蛋白提取物,将其收集至新的离心管中置于–80 ℃冰箱保存(用于线粒体蛋白的Western blotting检测)。
利用携带Tom70序列的慢病毒构建Tom70过表达的大鼠H9C2细胞株,然后给予缺氧+Tom70过表达组和缺氧+NC组细胞缺氧干预12 h后,将缺氧+Tom70过表达组和缺氧+NC组细胞置于倒置显微镜下观察两组细胞状态与损伤状况。
取适量各组蛋白样品行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离,然后转至PVDF膜上,5% BSA室温摇床封闭1 h。加入Tom70(1:2000)、PNPT1(1:2000)、β-tublin(1:3000)、VDAC(1:2000)一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜。次日TBST洗膜后用二抗(1:4000)37 ℃孵育1 h,再次洗膜后ECL显影,采用ImageJ软件进行分析。目的蛋白相对表达量=目的蛋白灰度值/内参灰度值。
将细胞接种于6孔板,待细胞增殖至40%时,按照说明书对细胞进行Tom70过表达慢病毒感染(MOI=50),将对数期H9C2细胞随机分为对照组、阴性对照组(NC组)及Tom70过表达组,每组设3个复孔。其中阴性对照组仅为慢病毒空载体感染。NC组和Tom70过表达组感染16 h后换液,培养72 h后向NC组及Tom70过表达组中加入嘌呤霉素对细胞进行筛选2周。细胞筛选好后,使用Western blotting检测各组中Tom70表达情况。
按照免疫共沉淀试剂盒要求,向细胞中加入裂解缓冲液于冰上裂解30 min后,在4 ℃、12 000×g条件下离心20 min,上清转移至新的1.5 ml EP管中。
吸取适量蛋白上清,加入PNPT1抗体或Tom70抗体,对照组蛋白裂解液加入IgG,4 ℃摇床孵育过夜。次日加入适量制备好的磁珠以沉淀免疫复合物,4 ℃摇床上孵育1~4 h。14 000 r/min瞬时离心5 s,去上清。用洗涤缓冲液洗涤磁珠4次。洗涤结束后,4 ℃下10 000 r/min离心1 min,收集磁珠,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤磁珠2次,向洗脱产物中加上样缓冲液使上述磁珠悬浮,沸水浴加热5 min,作为后续Western blotting的上样蛋白,并行Western blotting检测分析,步骤同1.2.5。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。本研究数据均为计量资料,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组H9C2细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05,图1A)。qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组H9C2细胞TUBA mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图1B)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,缺氧组H9C2细胞PNPT1总蛋白表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05),线粒体中PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),细胞质中PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图1C)。
免疫共沉淀检测结果显示,在H9C2细胞中Tom70与PNPT1成功识别并结合(P<0.05,图2)。
通过构建过表达Tom70的慢病毒转染细胞株上调Tom70的表达并给予缺氧干预后,Western blotting检测显示,与对照组及NC组比较,Tom70过表达组Tom70表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图3A),提示Tom70过表达细胞模型构建成功。Western blotting检测结果还显示,在常氧条件下,Tom70过表达组H9C2细胞线粒体及胞质中PNPT1蛋白表达水平无明显改变;而在缺氧条件下,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组H9C2细胞线粒体内PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),胞质内PNPT1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图3B)。倒置显微镜观察结果发现,缺氧+NC组细胞状态差,损伤较严重,缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞状态相较于缺氧+NC组有所改善,细胞损伤有所减轻(图3C)。
流式细胞术检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组H9C2细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05,图4A);qPCR检测结果显示,与缺氧+NC组比较,缺氧+Tom70过表达组H9C2细胞TUBA mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图4B)。
IHD的病理生理学机制十分复杂[14-15],而心肌细胞损伤及凋亡是其根本的驱动因素[15]。以往对IHD中心肌细胞损伤的研究主要集中在炎症反应、氧化应激等方面,但最终发现针对这些机制的治疗措施效果欠佳。因此,须寻找有望降低IHD病死率的新治疗方法。本研究聚焦于Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控心肌细胞凋亡的新视角,利用慢病毒介导的基因过表达技术及免疫共沉淀技术等探究了Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控mRNA降解在缺氧心肌细胞凋亡中的作用,结果发现心肌细胞中的Tom70是PNPT1线粒体正常定位的重要条件,缺氧条件下,H9C2细胞的PNPT1易位蓄积于细胞质中,可引起mRNA降解及细胞凋亡,与既往研究结果一致[9];上调Tom70的表达可增加缺氧心肌细胞中线粒体PNPT1的表达,使PNPT1的胞质蓄积减轻、TUBA mRNA含量增加,最终使细胞凋亡减少。
mRNA作为蛋白质合成的模板,对细胞正常的生命活动具有重要作用[16]。最近的研究发现,某些mRNA降解也参与了细胞的凋亡过程[817-19]。缺氧心肌细胞胞质中的PNPT1蓄积可触发以TUBA mRNA为代表的管家基因降解,从而导致细胞凋亡[9],与本研究中H9C2心肌细胞缺氧时胞质中PNPT1表达增加、TUBA mRNA含量降低及细胞凋亡增多的结果一致。此外,本研究还发现,在缺氧条件下,定位于线粒体内的PNPT1表达降低,提示缺氧时定位于心肌细胞线粒体上的PNPT1可转移至细胞质中,与以往的研究结果一致[8]
线粒体外膜功能蛋白转位酶复合物对核编码线粒体蛋白质的翻译后输入至关重要[20-21],Tom70作为线粒体外膜转位酶复合物的重要组成成分,在前体蛋白线粒体转位中具有重要作用[1022],可辅助线粒体输入线粒体膜间隙蛋白(MIC19)来促进嵴的形成[12]。既往研究发现,线粒体蛋白MICU1的线粒体易位依赖于Tom70,提示Tom70/MICU1通路在缺血/再灌注损伤中起保护作用[6]。然而,作为线粒体膜间隙蛋白的PNPT1,其线粒体转位是否同样需要Tom70的协助,目前尚未见报道。本研究利用免疫共沉淀技术在H9C2细胞中发现Tom70与PNPT1之间存在相互作用,初步揭示了Tom70可能参与线粒体内功能蛋白PNPT1定位的初步识别与结合。此外,本课题组前期研究发现,Tom70在小鼠心肌细胞缺氧损伤中起保护作用[13],但其具体机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究利用慢病毒转染技术上调H9C2细胞中Tom70的表达,构建了Tom70过表达细胞模型并进行缺氧干预,发现Tom70过表达可增加缺氧心肌细胞线粒体中PNPT1的含量,减少胞质中PNPT1的蓄积,更重要的是,增加了胞质中TUBA mRNA的含量,最终使心肌细胞凋亡减少,发挥了心肌保护作用。
综上所述,本研究基于体外心肌细胞缺氧模型,利用慢病毒构建Tom70过表达H9C2细胞株,初步揭示了Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在缺氧心肌细胞损伤中的作用。这是一种可能涉及Tom70/PNPT1/TUBA mRNA调节信号的新型心脏保护途径,丰富了心肌缺氧损伤的理论机制,为开发新的IHD防治靶点提供了新思路。但本研究尚存在不足之处,如缺少不同条件下的免疫荧光结果等,在后续实验中将增加相关指标的检测,并通过细胞实验继续挖掘Tom70与PNPT1的上游调节因子及其具体的调控模式。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81970241)
  • 西部战区总医院院管重点项目(2021-XZYG-A03)
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2023年第48卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0663
  • 接收时间:2022-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-02
  • 录用日期:2023-01-09
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970241)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81970241)
Key Project of Hospital Management of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command(2021-XZYG-A03)
西部战区总医院院管重点项目(2021-XZYG-A03)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
    2西部战区总医院心血管内科,四川成都 610083
    3解放军第950医院医工科,新疆喀什 844999

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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