Article(id=1203002062335340756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0653, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1659542400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1668355200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-14, onlineDate=1764747642358, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747642358, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747642358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747642358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=653, endPage=662, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002062637330659, articleId=1203002062335340756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of berberine on the activity and proliferation of hepatoma cells, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of berberine (BBR) on the activity and proliferation of hepatoma cells. Methods Normal human hepatocytes (MIHA) and human hepatoma cells (Hep3B, HepG2) were respectively divided into control group (high glucose) and different concentration (0, 12.5, 25, 50 μmol/L) of BBR groups (glucose-free). CCK-8 and clone formation experiment were used to explore the effect of BBR on the viability and clone formation. SYTOX Green nucleic acid stain was used to determine the cell death and flow cytometry to detect the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hepatoma cells. The changes of Nrf2 and its related proteins after BBR incubation were measured by Western blotting. We incubated the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) with BBR to study its effect on the Nrf2 protein. We quantified the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Hep3B cells cultured with BBR using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We established a tumor model by subcutaneous injection of Hep3B cells into nude mice. To observe the effect of BBR on tumor growth, we injected tumor-bearing nude mice in the BBR groups and the control group with BBR or the same amount of normal saline, respectively. We evaluated the effect of BBR on Nrf2 and its related proteins in vivo with HE and immunohistochemical staining. Results The viability of Hep3B and HepG2 cells decreased after BBR incubation in a glucose-free environment (P<0.05). No appreciable changes were observed in MIHA cell viability under the same experiment condition. BBR could inhibit clone formation and promote the death of hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). We observed an increase in the ROS and a decrease in Nrf2, HO-1, and c-Myc with no significant change in Keap1 in hepatoma cells after BBR treatment. While total GSK3β remained unchanged, the treatment-induced decrease in P-GSK3β (Ser9) decreased but increase in P-GSK3β (Tyr216). MG132 co-treatment reversed the BBR-induced reduction of Nrf2 protein while CHX enhanced the BBR-induced reduction of Nrf2 protein in hepatoma cells. BBR treatment-induced increase in Nrf2 mRNA and a decrease in HO-1 mRNA (P<0.05). BBR could significantly inhibit the growth of Hep3B cells in vivo in nude mice. BBR treatment increased tumor tissue necrosis and suppressed the expression of Nrf2 and c-Myc but did not affect the Keap1 level. Conclusions BBR could inhibit the activity and proliferation of hepatoma cells and promote cell death. In vivo experiments showed that BBR injection could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor cells and lead to increased necrosis of tumor cells. We verified that BBR may lead to the death of hepatoma cells through the non-Keap1-dependent Nrf2/GSK3β pathway. We infer that the degradation of Nrf2 protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome system by the non-Keap1-dependent Nrf2/GSK3β pathway, thereby reducing the anti-oxidative stress ability of tumor cells and leading to the death of hepatoma cells ultimately.
, correspAuthors=Ke-Feng Dou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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目的 探讨小檗碱(BBR)对肝癌细胞的活性与增殖能力的影响及其机制。方法 取正常人肝细胞MIHA和人肝癌细胞Hep3B、HepG2,设置对照组与0、12.5、25、50 μmol/L BBR组,采用CCK-8实验、克隆形成实验探究无糖环境下BBR对MIHA、Hep3B、HepG2细胞活性及克隆形成的影响;SYTOX荧光染色检测细胞死亡情况;流式细胞术检测BBR孵育后肝癌细胞活性氧(ROS)水平的变化;Western blotting检测BBR孵育后Nrf2及其相关蛋白的变化;将蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132及蛋白合成抑制剂环己酰胺(CHX)与BBR共同孵育,研究其对Nrf2蛋白的影响;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测BBR孵育后Hep3B细胞的Nrf2及HO-1在基因水平的变化;于裸鼠皮下注射Hep3B细胞,构建裸鼠成瘤模型,在BBR组及对照组裸鼠腹腔分别注射BBR或等量生理盐水,观察BBR在体内对肿瘤生长的影响。HE及免疫组化染色研究在体内环境BBR对Nrf2及相关蛋白的影响。结果 无糖环境下BBR孵育后,肝癌细胞Hep3B、HepG2的活性逐渐下降(P<0.05),正常肝细胞MIHA的活性无明显变化。BBR可以抑制肝癌细胞克隆形成,促进肝癌细胞死亡,并且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。BBR孵育后,肝癌细胞的ROS水平增高,Nrf2、HO-1、c-Myc蛋白水平降低,而Keap1蛋白无明显变化;GSK3β基本不变,P-GSK3β(Ser9)降低,P-GSK3β(Tyr216)增高。MG132可以明显逆转BBR引起的肝癌细胞Nrf2蛋白的降低;CHX则可以增强BBR引起的肝癌细胞Nrf2蛋白的降低。BBR孵育后,Nrf2 mRNA水平增高,HO-1 mRNA水平降低(P<0.05)。BBR在裸鼠体内可以明显抑制Hep3B细胞生长。注射BBR后,肿瘤组织坏死增多,肿瘤内Nrf2及c-Myc降低,而Keap1基本不变。结论 BBR可以抑制肝癌细胞的活性及增殖能力,促进其死亡;体内注射BBR后可以显著抑制肿瘤细胞生长,导致肿瘤细胞坏死增多,其作用机制可能是BBR通过非Keap1依赖的Nrf2/GSK3β通路导致Nrf2蛋白通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统降解,从而降低肿瘤细胞的抗氧化应激能力,引起肝癌细胞死亡。
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吴文龙,硕士研究生,主要从事肝癌的预防及治疗等方面的研究
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Effect of BBR on the activity of normal human hepatocytes MIHA and hepatoma cells Hep3B and HepG2, figureFileSmall=YqtfdZVuN2ZGsteWrl6idA==, figureFileBig=HSwKCwmh7Fw5rIY7iu6E4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552223862928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
BBR对正常人肝细胞MIHA及肝癌细胞Hep3B、HepG2活性的影响BBR. 小檗碱;*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001;****P<0.0001
, figureFileSmall=YqtfdZVuN2ZGsteWrl6idA==, figureFileBig=HSwKCwmh7Fw5rIY7iu6E4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552324526228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Effect of BBR on clone formation of normal human hepatocytes MIHA and hepatoma cells Hep3B and HepG2, figureFileSmall=XCYOjFhQDosYUz7ZDVDcDw==, figureFileBig=aInSFBMaC/XWLIDS/dpVxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552404218009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
BBR对正常人肝细胞MIHA及肝癌细胞Hep3B、HepG2克隆形成的影响BBR. 小檗碱;***P<0.001;****P<0.0001
, figureFileSmall=XCYOjFhQDosYUz7ZDVDcDw==, figureFileBig=aInSFBMaC/XWLIDS/dpVxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552488104094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Effect of BBR on the cell death of Hep3B and HepG2(×200), figureFileSmall=6Qxm+iudIT5/Dz0lFTUWJw==, figureFileBig=DaOiSTNgcvUBheK6TYgFiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552567795873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
BBR对肝癌细胞Hep3B、HepG2细胞死亡的影响(×200)BBR. 小檗碱;*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001
, figureFileSmall=6Qxm+iudIT5/Dz0lFTUWJw==, figureFileBig=DaOiSTNgcvUBheK6TYgFiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552664264869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Effect of BBR incubation on ROS level in hepatoma cells detected by flow cytometry(values are mean fluorescence intensity), figureFileSmall=Y8eMDKjuhJWFiDwOcuHz0A==, figureFileBig=PCQP3hjUZlsF92P9PopBtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552781705385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
流式细胞术检测BBR对肝癌细胞ROS水平的影响(数值为平均荧光强度)BBR. 小檗碱
, figureFileSmall=Y8eMDKjuhJWFiDwOcuHz0A==, figureFileBig=PCQP3hjUZlsF92P9PopBtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008552886562988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Effect of BBR incubation for 8 h on Nrf2 and related proteins in hepatoma cells, figureFileSmall=n5CHF8kJhI6rHzz719u+Rw==, figureFileBig=cyI+VlZ4Af2GIQx84NTdTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553004003503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
BBR孵育8 h对肝癌细胞Nrf2及相关蛋白的影响BBR. 小檗碱
, figureFileSmall=n5CHF8kJhI6rHzz719u+Rw==, figureFileBig=cyI+VlZ4Af2GIQx84NTdTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553066918068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Effect of BBR co-incubated with CHX or MG132 on Nrf2 protein in Hep3B cells, figureFileSmall=MhgI6n+xUgqNKecmijgHhg==, figureFileBig=FIluNIclJGzQDx6C0+WNsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553159192758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
BBR与CHX或MG132共孵育对Hep3B细胞Nrf2蛋白的影响BBR. 小檗碱;MG132. 蛋白酶体抑制剂;CHX. 蛋白合成抑制剂环己酰胺
, figureFileSmall=MhgI6n+xUgqNKecmijgHhg==, figureFileBig=FIluNIclJGzQDx6C0+WNsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553234690233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Effect of BBR on Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression in Hep3B cells, figureFileSmall=KrnWRd+nB/7yuWGVwXQj2g==, figureFileBig=QzvJodPxYtAIyUvxQivsBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553322770622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
小檗碱对Hep3B细胞Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA表达的影响BBR. 小檗碱;*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001
, figureFileSmall=KrnWRd+nB/7yuWGVwXQj2g==, figureFileBig=QzvJodPxYtAIyUvxQivsBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553419239617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Effect of intraperitoneal injection of BBR on tumorigenesis in nude mice, figureFileSmall=KXct72f+BSWqFQOdluzTEA==, figureFileBig=g2bI+Y6pKDBzyP9/2BZXVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008553503125703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002062335340756, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
腹腔注射BBR对裸鼠成瘤的影响BBR. 小檗碱;A. BBR对肿瘤体积的影响;B. 两组裸鼠肿瘤体积及裸鼠体重比较;C. 肿瘤组织的免疫组化染色图;D. 两组Nrf22、c-Myc、Keap1阳性率比较;E. 两组裸鼠肿瘤组织的HE染色图;*P<0.05,**P<0.01
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