Article(id=1203002061525840055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0742, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1641484800000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1653580800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-27, onlineDate=1764747642165, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747642165, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747642165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747642165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=742, endPage=748, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002061811052738, articleId=1203002061525840055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Advances of miRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem, and it is estimated that more than 50 million patients worldwide su ff ered from TBI each year. At present, the diagnosis of TBI mainly relies on scoring scales, and it is extremely necessary to screen objective biomarkers of TBI. A large number of studies have focused on the screening of protein markers of TBI, however, protein markers have short half-life and low sensitivity, so it is important to screen new biomarkers of TBI for its rapid diagnostic and treatment. As a lack of effective therapeatic drugs, TBI was mainly treated according to symptoms. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs whose altered expression levels are associated with a variety of diseases in central nervous system including TBI and play an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and repair of neuronal damage. In addition, its small molecular weight make it crossing the blood-brain barrier conveniently and be easily detected in peripheral fluids. Therefore, miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for TBI. This paper aims to review the features of miRNAs and their applications on diagnosis and treatment of TBI, and provide a reference for their potential clinical applications.
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创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一个重要的公共卫生问题,据估计,全球每年有超过5000万患者发生TBI。当前TBI的临床诊断主要依赖于评分量表,筛选客观的TBI生物标志物极为必要。近年相关研究多集中于TBI蛋白标志物的筛选,然而蛋白标志物存在半衰期短、灵敏度低等缺陷,因此筛选新的生物标志物对于TBI的快速诊断评估及后续治疗具有重要意义。TBI缺乏有效的治疗药物,主要依赖对症治疗。microRNA(miRNA)是一类小的非编码RNA,其表达水平变化与包括TBI在内的多种中枢神经系统疾病相关,在神经可塑性调控、神经元损伤修复等方面发挥着重要作用。miRNA分子量小,可穿过血脑屏障,易在外周体液中检测到,具有成为TBI诊断及治疗靶标的潜力。本文对miRNA的主要特征及其与TBI诊断和治疗相关的研究进展进行综述,旨在为相关研究和潜在的临床应用提供参考。
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王亚楠,硕士研究生,主要从事分子诊断技术方面的研究
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1河北北方学院医学检验学院,河北张家口 075000
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1河北北方学院医学检验学院,河北张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203008543852032776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008543860421385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, companyId=1203008543852032776, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Advantages and disadvantages of protein markers for diagnosis of TBI
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 蛋白标志物 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|
| S-100β | 脑损伤后变化明显 | 分子量大,半衰期短,难以透过血脑屏障,损伤严重时其他组织也会分泌 |
| GFAP | 在轻度TBI时升高,与损伤程度相关 | 半衰期短,其他脑部疾病也可升高 |
| NSE | 神经元胞质中含量丰富,与S-100β联合可预测早期预后 | 特异性差,有颅外来源(红细胞和血小板中也可找到),血浆中消除缓慢,难以区分原发性与继发性损伤 |
| NFL | 半衰期长,对轻度TBI轴突损伤敏感 | 特异性差,在脑组织退行性疾病和神经炎等疾病中也会升高 |
| C-tau | 轴突损伤后可在脑脊液中检测到,与严重TBI预后相关 | 与轻度TBI没有显著相关性 |
| UCH-L1 | 特异性较高,与TBI严重程度相关 | 半衰期短,只适合急诊 |
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546267951966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同蛋白标志物用于TBI诊断的优缺点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 蛋白标志物 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|
| S-100β | 脑损伤后变化明显 | 分子量大,半衰期短,难以透过血脑屏障,损伤严重时其他组织也会分泌 |
| GFAP | 在轻度TBI时升高,与损伤程度相关 | 半衰期短,其他脑部疾病也可升高 |
| NSE | 神经元胞质中含量丰富,与S-100β联合可预测早期预后 | 特异性差,有颅外来源(红细胞和血小板中也可找到),血浆中消除缓慢,难以区分原发性与继发性损伤 |
| NFL | 半衰期长,对轻度TBI轴突损伤敏感 | 特异性差,在脑组织退行性疾病和神经炎等疾病中也会升高 |
| C-tau | 轴突损伤后可在脑脊液中检测到,与严重TBI预后相关 | 与轻度TBI没有显著相关性 |
| UCH-L1 | 特异性较高,与TBI严重程度相关 | 半衰期短,只适合急诊 |
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546377003871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
miRNAs expression difference in humors of TBI patients
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样本类型 | miRNA | TBI损伤程度 | 样本采集时间 | 改变 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 脑脊液 | miR-141,miR-572,miR-181a-star,miR-27bstar,miR-483-5p,miR-30b,miR-1289,miR-431-star,miR-193b-star,miR-499-3p | 重度 | – | 上调 | [24] |
| miR-1297,miR-33b,miR-933,miR-449b | 下调 |
| 脑脊液 | miR-29c-3p,miR-30e-5p | 重度 | 伤后1 d,4~7 d,8~17 d | 上调 | [34] |
| miR-182-5p,miR-221-3p,mir-26b-5p,miR-320c | 下调 |
| 脑脊液 | miR-328,miR-362-3p,miR-486,miR-451 | 重度 | 重度48 h内,轻至中度24 h内 | 上调 | [8] |
| 血液 | miR-195,miR-328,miR-362-3p,miR-486,miR-505 | 轻至中度/重度 | 上调 |
| 血液 | miR-93,miR-191,miR-499 | 轻度/中度/重度 | 24 h~21 d | 上调/上调/显著上调 | [27] |
| 血液 | miR-6867-5p,miR-3195,miR-328-5p | 轻度/中度/重度 | 受伤后24 h内 | 上调/显著上调/显著上调 | [28] |
| miR-3195,miR-328-5p | 上调/上调/显著上调 |
| 血液 | miR-142-3p,miR-423-3p | 轻度/中至重度 | 0 d,5 d,30 d | 0天显著上调,此后随时间推移逐渐降低 | [29] |
| 血液 | miR-103a-3p,miR-219a-5p,miR-302d-3p,miR-422a,miR-518f-3p,miR-520d-3p,miR-627 | 轻度/重度 | 受伤后24 h内 | 显著上调 | [30] |
| 血液 | miR-30b-5p,miR-10b-5p,miR-122-5p | 轻度 | 15~30 min,2~3 d,1周,3周以上 | 上调 | [33] |
| miR-3678-3p,miR-455-5p,miR-5694,miR-6809-3p,miR-92a-3p | 下调 |
| 唾液 | miR-30b-5p,miR-10b-5p | 上调 |
| miR-3678-3p,miR-455-5p,miR-5694,miR-6809-3p,miR-92a-3p | 下调 |
| 唾液 | miR-27b-3p,let-7i-5p,miR-142-3p,miR-107,miR-135b-5p | 轻度 | 48~72 h | 上调 | [31] |
| 唾液 | miR-29c-3p,miR-30e-5p | 轻度 | 伤后1 d,4~7 d,8~17 d | 上调 | [34] |
| miR-182-5p,miR-221-3p,mir-26b-5p,miR-320c | 下调 |
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546481861474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
miRNA在TBI患者不同体液中的表达差异
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样本类型 | miRNA | TBI损伤程度 | 样本采集时间 | 改变 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 脑脊液 | miR-141,miR-572,miR-181a-star,miR-27bstar,miR-483-5p,miR-30b,miR-1289,miR-431-star,miR-193b-star,miR-499-3p | 重度 | – | 上调 | [24] |
| miR-1297,miR-33b,miR-933,miR-449b | 下调 |
| 脑脊液 | miR-29c-3p,miR-30e-5p | 重度 | 伤后1 d,4~7 d,8~17 d | 上调 | [34] |
| miR-182-5p,miR-221-3p,mir-26b-5p,miR-320c | 下调 |
| 脑脊液 | miR-328,miR-362-3p,miR-486,miR-451 | 重度 | 重度48 h内,轻至中度24 h内 | 上调 | [8] |
| 血液 | miR-195,miR-328,miR-362-3p,miR-486,miR-505 | 轻至中度/重度 | 上调 |
| 血液 | miR-93,miR-191,miR-499 | 轻度/中度/重度 | 24 h~21 d | 上调/上调/显著上调 | [27] |
| 血液 | miR-6867-5p,miR-3195,miR-328-5p | 轻度/中度/重度 | 受伤后24 h内 | 上调/显著上调/显著上调 | [28] |
| miR-3195,miR-328-5p | 上调/上调/显著上调 |
| 血液 | miR-142-3p,miR-423-3p | 轻度/中至重度 | 0 d,5 d,30 d | 0天显著上调,此后随时间推移逐渐降低 | [29] |
| 血液 | miR-103a-3p,miR-219a-5p,miR-302d-3p,miR-422a,miR-518f-3p,miR-520d-3p,miR-627 | 轻度/重度 | 受伤后24 h内 | 显著上调 | [30] |
| 血液 | miR-30b-5p,miR-10b-5p,miR-122-5p | 轻度 | 15~30 min,2~3 d,1周,3周以上 | 上调 | [33] |
| miR-3678-3p,miR-455-5p,miR-5694,miR-6809-3p,miR-92a-3p | 下调 |
| 唾液 | miR-30b-5p,miR-10b-5p | 上调 |
| miR-3678-3p,miR-455-5p,miR-5694,miR-6809-3p,miR-92a-3p | 下调 |
| 唾液 | miR-27b-3p,let-7i-5p,miR-142-3p,miR-107,miR-135b-5p | 轻度 | 48~72 h | 上调 | [31] |
| 唾液 | miR-29c-3p,miR-30e-5p | 轻度 | 伤后1 d,4~7 d,8~17 d | 上调 | [34] |
| miR-182-5p,miR-221-3p,mir-26b-5p,miR-320c | 下调 |
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546603496291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Features of delivery technologies for miRNA in research on TBI treatment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 递送方式 | 特点 |
|---|
| 脑室内注射 | 可绕过BBB,通常用于动物模型中直接将药物递送至大脑 |
| 鞘内给药 | 常给药至蛛网膜下腔,用于动物模型将药物递送至受损脊髓或大脑底部的大池 |
| 静脉注射 | 容易操作,给药量大,临床适用,风险小,可通过修饰miRNA模拟物等通过BBB |
| 鼻内给药 | 非侵入性、可用于临床的潜在给药方法,可绕过BBB进入CNS,不良反应较少 |
| 病毒介导的递送 | 可通过修饰的腺病毒相关病毒或慢病毒递送到靶向基因组中 |
| 外泌体介导的递送 | 可携带蛋白质、脂质或核苷酸等穿过BBB |
| 干细胞介导的递送 | 可通过细胞工程技术过表达神经营养因子,促进组织修复 |
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546762879845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002061525840055, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
miRNA用于TBI治疗的递送方式及特点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 递送方式 | 特点 |
|---|
| 脑室内注射 | 可绕过BBB,通常用于动物模型中直接将药物递送至大脑 |
| 鞘内给药 | 常给药至蛛网膜下腔,用于动物模型将药物递送至受损脊髓或大脑底部的大池 |
| 静脉注射 | 容易操作,给药量大,临床适用,风险小,可通过修饰miRNA模拟物等通过BBB |
| 鼻内给药 | 非侵入性、可用于临床的潜在给药方法,可绕过BBB进入CNS,不良反应较少 |
| 病毒介导的递送 | 可通过修饰的腺病毒相关病毒或慢病毒递送到靶向基因组中 |
| 外泌体介导的递送 | 可携带蛋白质、脂质或核苷酸等穿过BBB |
| 干细胞介导的递送 | 可通过细胞工程技术过表达神经营养因子,促进组织修复 |
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