Article(id=1203002059550318693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0735, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643299200000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1652284800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-12, onlineDate=1764747641693, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747641693, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747641693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747641693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=735, endPage=741, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002059856502901, articleId=1203002059550318693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the role of miRNA in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder, which is caused by collapse and obstruction of upper airway during sleep, accompanied by snoring, daytime drowsiness and sleep structure disorder. OSAHS is closely related to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder, diabetes, cognitive impairment and tumors. The prevalence rate of OSAHS is relatively high, which significantly increases the social and economic burden. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS is necessary. miRNA is a non-coding small RNA molecule, which can play important role in a variety of important biological functions by regulating the expression of target genes. In recent years, some studies indicated that miRNA could be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and tumors. Recently, a large number of studies showed that miRNA can be used in diagnosis, assessment, and therapeutic target of OSAHS with its complications. This review summarizes the research progress on the role of miRNA in OSAHS with its complications.

, correspAuthors=Fen Ping, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种常见的睡眠障碍,由睡眠期间出现的上气道塌陷和阻塞引起,伴有打鼾、白天嗜睡及睡眠结构紊乱,与心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、糖尿病、认知功能障碍及肿瘤密切相关。OSAHS患病率较高,增加了社会经济负担,因此加强其早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。微小核糖核酸(miRNA)是一种非编码的小RNA分子,可通过调控相关靶基因的表达发挥多种重要生物学功能。近年研究显示,miRNA可作为高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病和肿瘤早期诊断的生物标志物,也有望用于OSAHS及相关并发症的早期诊断、病情评估及治疗。本文综述miRNA在OSAHS及其并发症中的作用研究进展。

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黄家容,硕士研究生,主要从事阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治方面的研究

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黄家容,硕士研究生,主要从事阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治方面的研究

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Detection and significance of miR-34a and SIRT1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and OSAHS [J]. 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Behav Brain Res, 2017, 335: 80-87., articleTitle=Intermittent hypoxia caused cognitive dysfunction relate to miRNAs dysregulation in hippocampus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203008547006145244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Hebei Provincial Government Funded Excellent Talents Training Project of Clinical Medicine in 2019, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203008547081642722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省2019年政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203008544476979792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008544485368401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, companyId=1203008544476979792, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008544493757010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, companyId=1203008544476979792, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203008544577643092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008544590226005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, companyId=1203008544577643092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008544598614614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, companyId=1203008544577643092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北省人民医院老年呼吸内科,河北石家庄 050051)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203008546473468601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Research on miRNA and OSAHS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
miRNA靶基因作用参考文献
miR-199-3p、miR-574-5p、miR-127-3pHIF-1α调节缺氧[19]
miR-139-5-pAkt/GSK-3β通路抑制细胞凋亡[19]
miR-485-5pHIF-3α调节缺氧[19]
miR-107HIF-1β、PANK调节缺氧及脂质代谢[19]
let-7IL-6促进炎症反应[20]
miR-486调节葡萄糖代谢[24]
miR-340MITF、MAPK与黑色素瘤相关[24]
miR-133a调节心肌细胞增殖,抑制心脏平滑肌基因表达[24]
miR-499Myh7b保护心脏细胞[25]
miR-223STAT3、NLRP3抑制炎症反应[26]
miR-21-5p、miR-23-3pTNF-α减少细胞凋亡[27]
miR-224-5pNLRP3/IL-1β通路减轻炎症反应[28]
miR-15b-5p、miR-92b-3pPTGS1-NF-κB-SP1通路减轻氧化应激[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546595103425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

miRNA与OSAHS的相关研究

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
miRNA靶基因作用参考文献
miR-199-3p、miR-574-5p、miR-127-3pHIF-1α调节缺氧[19]
miR-139-5-pAkt/GSK-3β通路抑制细胞凋亡[19]
miR-485-5pHIF-3α调节缺氧[19]
miR-107HIF-1β、PANK调节缺氧及脂质代谢[19]
let-7IL-6促进炎症反应[20]
miR-486调节葡萄糖代谢[24]
miR-340MITF、MAPK与黑色素瘤相关[24]
miR-133a调节心肌细胞增殖,抑制心脏平滑肌基因表达[24]
miR-499Myh7b保护心脏细胞[25]
miR-223STAT3、NLRP3抑制炎症反应[26]
miR-21-5p、miR-23-3pTNF-α减少细胞凋亡[27]
miR-224-5pNLRP3/IL-1β通路减轻炎症反应[28]
miR-15b-5p、miR-92b-3pPTGS1-NF-κB-SP1通路减轻氧化应激[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546708349638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Research on miRNA and complications of OSAHS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
miRNA靶基因作用参考文献
miR-193a-3pFIAM2保护血管内皮细胞[34]
miR-30aBeclin-1减轻内皮细胞自噬[35]
miRNA-360调节内皮细胞[36]
miR-203CD38-cADPR通路调节肾素产生和释放[38]
miR-126a-3pHIF-1α调节氧化应激[39]
miR-26aTRPC6抵抗内皮细胞凋亡[40]
miR-34a-5pBeclin-1调节内皮细胞自噬[41]
miR-3574Axin1调节心肌细胞凋亡[42]
miR125b-5p、miR-1a-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-23a-3p、miR-29a-3p、miR-494-3pAkt通路调节内皮细胞[43]
miR-146a-5pXIAP保护心肌细胞[44]
miR-664a-3p调节炎症反应[45]
miR-214-3pCTRP9促进心脏重构[46]
miR-223IGF1R、PARP参与肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖[48]
miR-485-5pPI3K/Akt通路减少肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移[49]
miR-320bUSP37/CDT1轴抑制肿瘤增殖和侵袭[52]
miR-452CCL2调节胰岛素[55]
miR-24调节胰岛β细胞功能[56]
miR-125bp38MAPK促进细胞凋亡[59]
), ArticleFig(id=1203008546809012940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002059550318693, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

miRNA与OSAHS并发症的相关研究

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
miRNA靶基因作用参考文献
miR-193a-3pFIAM2保护血管内皮细胞[34]
miR-30aBeclin-1减轻内皮细胞自噬[35]
miRNA-360调节内皮细胞[36]
miR-203CD38-cADPR通路调节肾素产生和释放[38]
miR-126a-3pHIF-1α调节氧化应激[39]
miR-26aTRPC6抵抗内皮细胞凋亡[40]
miR-34a-5pBeclin-1调节内皮细胞自噬[41]
miR-3574Axin1调节心肌细胞凋亡[42]
miR125b-5p、miR-1a-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-23a-3p、miR-29a-3p、miR-494-3pAkt通路调节内皮细胞[43]
miR-146a-5pXIAP保护心肌细胞[44]
miR-664a-3p调节炎症反应[45]
miR-214-3pCTRP9促进心脏重构[46]
miR-223IGF1R、PARP参与肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖[48]
miR-485-5pPI3K/Akt通路减少肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移[49]
miR-320bUSP37/CDT1轴抑制肿瘤增殖和侵袭[52]
miR-452CCL2调节胰岛素[55]
miR-24调节胰岛β细胞功能[56]
miR-125bp38MAPK促进细胞凋亡[59]
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miRNA在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的作用研究进展
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黄家容 1, 2 , 张凤蕊 2 , 平芬 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023,48(6): 735-741
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解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023, 48(6): 735-741
miRNA在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的作用研究进展
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黄家容1, 2, 张凤蕊2, 平芬2, *
作者信息
  • 1河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000
  • 2河北省人民医院老年呼吸内科,河北石家庄 050051
  • 黄家容,硕士研究生,主要从事阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治方面的研究

通讯作者:

平芬,E-mail:
Research progress on the role of miRNA in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Jia-Rong Huang1, 2, Feng-Rui Zhang2, Fen Ping2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
  • 2Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
出版时间: 2023-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0735
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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种常见的睡眠障碍,由睡眠期间出现的上气道塌陷和阻塞引起,伴有打鼾、白天嗜睡及睡眠结构紊乱,与心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、糖尿病、认知功能障碍及肿瘤密切相关。OSAHS患病率较高,增加了社会经济负担,因此加强其早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。微小核糖核酸(miRNA)是一种非编码的小RNA分子,可通过调控相关靶基因的表达发挥多种重要生物学功能。近年研究显示,miRNA可作为高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病和肿瘤早期诊断的生物标志物,也有望用于OSAHS及相关并发症的早期诊断、病情评估及治疗。本文综述miRNA在OSAHS及其并发症中的作用研究进展。

miRNA  /  阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征  /  生物标志物  /  诊断

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder, which is caused by collapse and obstruction of upper airway during sleep, accompanied by snoring, daytime drowsiness and sleep structure disorder. OSAHS is closely related to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder, diabetes, cognitive impairment and tumors. The prevalence rate of OSAHS is relatively high, which significantly increases the social and economic burden. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS is necessary. miRNA is a non-coding small RNA molecule, which can play important role in a variety of important biological functions by regulating the expression of target genes. In recent years, some studies indicated that miRNA could be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and tumors. Recently, a large number of studies showed that miRNA can be used in diagnosis, assessment, and therapeutic target of OSAHS with its complications. This review summarizes the research progress on the role of miRNA in OSAHS with its complications.

miRNA  /  obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome  /  biomarkers  /  diagnosis
黄家容, 张凤蕊, 平芬. miRNA在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的作用研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (6) : 735 -741 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0735
Jia-Rong Huang, Feng-Rui Zhang, Fen Ping. Research progress on the role of miRNA in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (6) : 735 -741 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0735
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是一种常见的呼吸系统疾病,由睡眠期间的上气道塌陷和阻塞引起[1]。反复出现上气道塌陷会导致慢性间歇性低氧(chronic intermittent hypoxia,CIH)血症、胸内压变化及睡眠结构紊乱,进而产生组织缺氧、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、炎症和交感神经系统过度激活及其他不良后果[2-3]。未经治疗的OSAHS常与心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、认知功能障碍或恶性肿瘤有关[4-5]。其主要症状包括白天嗜睡、打鼾、夜尿、晨起头痛、注意力不集中、记忆力减退,这些症状及相应的不良后果会增加交通事故的风险和社会与经济负担[6-7]。近年OSAHS的成人患病率为2%~26%,儿童患病率为2%~10%;OSAHS患病率可随体重、年龄增加而升高;有研究报告中国、美国、巴西、印度等国居民OSAHS的患病率较高[8-11]。OSAHS的早期诊断和治疗有利于减轻患者痛苦,降低医疗费用。OSAHS是由遗传和环境因素共同作用的疾病,其发病机制尚不明确[12]
微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)是一类高度保守的内源性非编码小分子单链RNA,长度为19~25个核苷酸,具有转录后调控基因表达的功能[13-14]。miRNA通过与靶基因的3'端非翻译区特定位点结合,互补碱基配对,可诱导或阻止靶mRNA的降解或翻译[15]。miRNA可通过与多个靶基因的相互作用,参与细胞增殖、组织分化、胚胎发育和细胞凋亡等过程[16-17]。miRNA可存在于组织、血液、尿液或其他体液中,且具有稳定性强、易测量、操作简单、检测价格低等特点,可能成为疾病早期诊断、病情及预后评估的生物标志物[18]。近年研究发现,miRNA的差异性表达与OSAHS的诊断、病情及预后评估相关,且可能参与了OSAHS的发生发展,有望成为OSAHS诊断的生物标志物及候选治疗靶点[19-20]
近年来相关研究发现,OSAHS具有间歇性缺氧(intermittent hypoxia,IH)和高碳酸血症的特点,与活性氧和活性氮(ROS/RNS)的产生及氧化应激增强有关[21]。有研究显示,miRNA可直接调节缺氧、代谢及炎症因子等相关靶基因,进而参与OSAHS的发生发展。例如,Li等[19]检测了OSAHS患者和健康对照组的miRNA表达情况,结果显示miR-485-5p、miR-107、miR-574-5p、miR-127-3p、miR-199-3p和miR-139-3p存在显著的差异表达;这些miRNA通过调节Akt/GSK-3β信号通路、PANK基因及缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)等,可在氧化应激、代谢及缺氧中发挥关键作用。Hou等[20]研究发现,let-7家族的miRNA可通过上调IL-6导致OSAHS的局部炎症。Liu等[22]发现,miRNA可通过与靶基因结合调控LKB1/AMPK和S1P/Akt/eNOS信号通路,而这两种信号通路在OSAHS的发展中起关键作用。以上研究提示,miRNA与OSAHS的发生发展密切相关。
目前OSAHS诊断的“金标准”为多导睡眠图(polysomnography,PSG),然而该方法价格昂贵、操作繁琐,需要整夜佩戴设备,易出现入睡困难和数据缺失的可能。因此,操作简单、成本低廉、容易获取的miRNA进入了国内外学者的视线。Santamaria-Martos等[23]分析了OSAHS患者和健康个体的血浆miRNA表达情况,筛选出188种miRNA,发现miRNA-106a联合miRNA-186用于检测OSAHS最为稳定。Santamaria-Martos等[24]对230例疑似OSAHS患者进行研究,结果显示OSAHS组miR-181a、miR-199b、miR-345、miR-133a、miR-340和miR-486-3p的循环浓度降低,认为上述miRNA可用于筛查OSAHS,且与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停筛查评分表(neck circumference,obesity,snoring,age,sex,NoSAS)联合使用可提高OSAHS的诊断效能。Slouka等[25]比较了194例OSAHS患者和50例非OSAHS患者血浆miRNA,认为miR-499可能成为诊断OSAHS的新型生物标志物。高东艳等[26]报道miR-223、IL-18诊断OSAHS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.801、0.767,二者联合诊断的AUC为0.861,二者联合可较好地反映患者病情,为疾病的早期识别提供帮助。上述研究提示,miRNA在OSAHS的诊断中具有重要意义,有望成为诊断该病的新型生物标记物。
Chen等[27]检测了40例重度OSAHS和20例单纯鼾症患者的miR-21-5p和miR-23-3p表达水平,结果显示OASHS患者miR-21-5p和miR-23-3p的表达水平均低于单纯鼾症患者;体外实验显示miR-21-5p可通过抑制炎症相关基因的表达而减少细胞毒性和细胞凋亡,提示过表达miR-21-5p可能成为一种新的OSA治疗方法。Du等[28]报道miR-224-5p可通过调节NLRP3/IL-1β途径减轻炎症反应。Chen等[29]也报道过度表达的miR-15b-5p和miR-92b-3p可通过直接靶向PTGS1-NF-κB-SP1信号转导而减轻氧化应激。因此,miRNA可通过不同途径为OSAHS的治疗提供可能。
上述研究显示,miRNA对OSAHS的发生发展、诊断及治疗具有重要价值。目前已有针对miRNA的模拟物或分子进入临床开发阶段。例如,miR-34和miR-122已分别用于治疗癌症和肝炎的临床实验[30]。但临床上尚无miRNA在OSAHS中应用的报道,尚需进一步探索。miRNA与OSAHS的部分相关研究内容见表1
OSAHS以IH、高碳酸血症和睡眠片段化为特征,同时可有炎症因子释放增加、交感神经激活,导致血管内皮损伤、代谢紊乱及肿瘤生长,故OSAHS与心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病的发生密切相关[31-34]。越来越多的研究显示,早期识别OSAHS不仅可减轻患者痛苦,减少交通意外事故,还可延缓疾病进展,减少并发症的发生。随着研究的深入,发现miRNA不仅可用于OSAHS的诊断和治疗,也为OSAHS相关并发症的早期筛查和治疗提供了可能。
目前miRNA与心血管疾病的关系已有较多研究报道,但miRNA与OSAHS合并心血管疾病的研究相对较少。Chen等[35]发现,IH后人脐静脉内皮细胞miR-193a-3p表达水平升高,而抑制miR-193a-3p可通过靶向Fas凋亡抑制分子2(FIAM2)来保护血管内皮细胞免受IH诱导的损伤;下调FAIM2表达可逆转miR-193a-3p在IH时的作用,为治疗OSAHS相关心脏疾病提供了潜在的靶点。Bi等[36]发现,在CIH小鼠模型中,miR-30a显著上调,进而通过抑制Beclin-1减弱内皮细胞的自噬。这可能是导致内皮细胞损伤和功能障碍的一个重要原因。在儿童患者中,Khalyfa等[37]报道,miRNA-360可作为OSAHS和(或)肥胖儿童血管功能和心血管疾病风险的治疗靶点,据此可为未来面临心血管疾病风险的儿童制定个性化的治疗策略。因此,miRNA为OSAHS合并心血管疾病的治疗提供了一个新方向。
Khalyfa等[38]检测46例高血压合并OSAHS患者的结果显示,有27种miRNA在反杓型高血压患者中表达上调,荧光定量PCR结果显示,miR-1234-3p、miR-1304-3p、miR-4313和miR-940在OSAHS的夜间高血压中发挥了作用。外泌体miRNA可能成为OSAHS相关高血压的生物标志物和治疗靶点。Takeda等[39]的体外实验发现,在IH处理的肾小球旁细胞中miR-203表达下调,上调了肾素和CD38的表达水平,提示miR-203有可能用于OSAHS合并高血压的筛查。He等[40]发现,miR-126a-3p在OSAHS高血压大鼠中表达下调,外源性过表达miR-126a-3p可对抗CIH诱导的收缩压升高、氧化应激、炎症及心脏与腹主动脉血管重构,提示miR-126a-3p可能是OSAHS高血压的潜在治疗靶点。Yang等[41]发现,在伴有高血压的OSAHS中患者,miR-26a-5p、miR-107表达下调,而在单纯OSAHS和合并高血压的OSAHS患者中miR-126-3p表达下调,提示miR-126-3p、miR-26a-5p和miR-107具有较好的预测价值,可能成为OSAHS伴高血压的早期预警和诊断标志物。上述研究提示,miRNA参与了OSAHS合并高血压的发生发展,可能成为OSAHS伴高血压新的治疗靶点和预后评估指标。
Lv等[42]发现,在体外对人冠状动脉内皮细胞进行CIH处理后,miR-34a-5p呈过度表达,并可抑制Bcl-2,激活Beclin-1,进而参与CIH诱导的自噬过程,提示miR-34a-5p和(或)其下游靶基因可作为治疗CIH或OSAHS诱导的自噬的新靶点。Chen等[43]发现,IH可诱导体外培养的心肌细胞损伤,并导致miR-3574表达下调;miR-3574可通过与Axin1基因的3'非编码区结合而抑制其表达,miR-3574过表达则可通过靶向Axin1抑制IH诱导的心肌细胞凋亡;Axin1表达增强可部分逆转miR-3574过表达对细胞损伤的影响。因此,miR-3574和Axin1可能成为治疗OSAHS相关心血管疾病的新靶点。Li等[44]检测发现IH处理的心肌细胞胞外囊泡中63种miRNA存在差异表达,其中miR125b-5p、miR-1a-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-23a-3p、miR-29a-3p和miR-494-3p表达上调,主要参与Akt途径,提示IH处理后的心肌细胞可抑制内皮细胞Akt/eNOS的表达,显著损害内皮依赖的血管松弛,为IH或OSAHS相关心血管并发症的诊断和治疗提供了有用线索。Lin等[45]发现,IH条件下H9c2细胞中miR-146a-5p表达增加,抑制miR-146a-5p对IH诱导的H9c2细胞损伤具有保护作用,下调X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)的表达可减轻miR-146a-5p对H9c2细胞的抑制作用,提示miR-146a-5p和XIAP的检测有助于制定OSAHS相关心脏疾病的治疗策略。综上,推测miRNA在OSAHS合并冠心病的发病过程中可发挥启动子作用,因此,靶向miRNA或其下游靶点可能成为OSAHS合并冠心病治疗研究的新方向。
Li等[46]通过检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)患者的最大颈动脉内膜中层厚度(max-CIMT)和miR-664a-3p表达,发现单纯OSA和伴max-CIMT增高的OSA患者miR-664a-3p表达水平均明显高于健康对照组,提示miR-664a-3p可作为OSAHS患者动脉粥样硬化的标志物。Du等[47]通过小鼠实验发现,在心肌梗死(MI)合并CIH的小鼠中miR-214-3p表达上调,可抑制心脏CTRP9的表达,加剧心脏重构,提示可通过抑制miR-214-3p促进CTRP9的表达,有望为抗MI合并OSA患者的病理重构提供新的治疗靶点。李坤等[48]发现,OSAHS合并动脉粥样硬化患者血清miR-148a-5p、miR-365a-3p、miR-378c和miR-127-3p的表达上调,可能是OSAHS患者发生动脉粥样硬化的早期预警标志。越来越多的证据显示,miRNA在OSAHS合并动脉粥样硬化中扮演着重要角色,有望成为新的治疗靶点。
Hao等[49]将小鼠暴露于CIH和常氧条件下,发现miR-223在肺组织和肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)中表达降低,而miR-223可能通过调节胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1)和聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖转移酶-1(PARP-1)的表达参与肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖,同时,2-甲氧基雌二醇可通过调节miR-223减轻CIH诱导的PAH,提示miR-223在CIH诱导PAH的过程中可能发挥重要作用。Xu等[50]发现,OSAHS诱导的PAH大鼠miR-485-5p表达显著下调,进一步研究显示,miR-485-5p过表达通过下调HIF3A的表达抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,可在体外减轻PASMCs的增殖和迁移,并在体内减轻OSAHS诱导的PAH。上述研究提示,miR-485-5p有望成为治疗OSAHS诱导PAH的一个新靶点。
近年研究显示,IH会促进肿瘤生长,提示OSAHS与肿瘤的发生发展有关[51]。例如,Freitas等[52]发现,重度OSAHS与miR-1254和miR-320e的表达水平增加相关,而miR-1254和miR-320e参与了多种癌症的发生。近期研究显示,miR-320b在肺癌合并OSAHS患者中呈低表达,IH可明显抑制miR-320b的表达,但会导致肺癌细胞数目显著增加以及对周围血管和其他器官的破坏能力加强,这是由于IH诱导的miR-320b下调通过泛素特异性肽酶37介导的Cdc10依赖性转录因子去泛素化促进了肺癌的发生[53]。Zhang等[54]采用二代测序技术检测暴露于常氧和IH的Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中差异性表达的miRNA,发现IH组和常氧对照组之间共有485种miRNA呈差异表达,其中154种miRNA上调,331种miRNA下调,提示这些差异表达的miRNA可能涉及OSA中肿瘤发生发展的分子机制。Almendros等[55]研究了OSAHS患者的循环外来体对肿瘤恶性特性的影响,结果显示,IH可使促肿瘤外泌体释放增加,这不仅增强了肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移,而且可破坏内皮屏障,从而促进了肿瘤转移。上述研究提示,miRNA可能在OSAHS加重肺肿瘤进展的机制中发挥重要作用。
Uchiyama等[56]发现,IH应激时脂肪细胞的miR-452表达下调,导致抵抗素、肿瘤坏死因子-α和C-C基序趋化因子配体-2(CCL2)水平升高,造成胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感性降低,提示miRNA-452可能在这些基因表达的调节中起关键作用,有望用于OSAHS糖尿病的早期识别。林浩辉等[57]发现,miR-24、血糖及C肽在健康对照组、OSAHS组、OSAHS合并肥胖组中呈进行性升高的趋势,提示miR-24可能参与了OSAHS介导的胰岛β细胞功能损伤,可作为OSAHS糖尿病早期识别的潜在生物标志物。何金花等[58]的研究显示,miR-34a、沉默信息调节因子-1(SIRT-1)单独检测诊断2型糖尿病合并OSAHS的AUC分别为0.846、0.835,二者联合诊断的AUC为0.935,提示检测miR-34a与SIRT-1水平对临床上诊断2型糖尿病合并OSAHS可能具有一定的参考价值。总之,miRNA在早期识别OSAHS合并糖尿病中具有重要的临床意义。
Targa等[59]检测了17例阿尔茨海默病和12例阿尔茨海默病合并OSAHS患者的miRNA表达情况,结果显示,5种差异表达的miRNA(miR-26a-5p、miR-30a-3p、miR-374a-5p、miR-377-3p和miR-545-3p)与OSA严重程度相关,其AUC为0.95,提示血浆miRNA与阿尔茨海默病患者OSAHS的存在有关。Ren等[60]报道,IH对大鼠认知功能的损害比持续性低氧更严重,IH大鼠miR-125b表达下调,p38MAPK表达上调;体外实验显示,miR-125b表达下调和p38MAPK表达上调可促进细胞凋亡,并抑制其存活和增殖,靶向p38MAPK的miR-125b可能参与改善IH大鼠的学习、记忆和认知能力,为治疗IH性痴呆提供了理论依据。Gao等[61]发现,miR-26b在IH损伤后1、2、4周大鼠海马区呈持续高表达,而miR-207在IH后各时间点持续低表达,推测miR-26b和miR-207可能在IH所致认知功能障碍的复杂病理过程中起一定作用,提示miR-26b和miR-207可能参与了OSAHS所致的认知损害。因此,表达上调或下调的miRNA通过调控不同的信号通路,可能用于OSAHS合并认知功能障碍的诊断与治疗。miRNA与OSAHS并发症的相关研究见表2
综上所述,miRNA可通过调控靶基因参与胚胎发育和细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等,与OSAHS的发生发展密切相关,同时miRNA的表达水平也发生相应变化。miRNA在OSAHS患者中的表达变化及调节作用使其有望成为OSAHS诊断、治疗的新型生物标志物,如miRNA-106a、miRNA-186、miR-21-5p、miR-223、miRNA-92a等,可作为OSAHS早期诊断、治疗和预后评估的参考指标。miRNA也可作为OSAHS合并早期心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病、认知功能障碍的潜在生物标志物。OSAHS可能存在多种miRNA标志物,加之目前miRNA与OSAHS及相关并发症的研究多数尚处于早期阶段,如何筛选高效的检测指标、降低检测成本及提高早期诊断的敏感度与特异度,尚有待进一步探索。miRNA相关研究的不断进步有望推动OSAHS及其并发症的早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗。
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2023年第48卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0735
  • 接收时间:2022-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-28
  • 录用日期:2022-05-12
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Hebei Provincial Government Funded Excellent Talents Training Project of Clinical Medicine in 2019
河北省2019年政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养项目
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    1河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000
    2河北省人民医院老年呼吸内科,河北石家庄 050051

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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