Article(id=1203002058942144601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0702, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1655827200000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1663603200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-09-20, onlineDate=1764747641549, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747641549, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747641549, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747641549, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=702, endPage=707, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002059353186399, articleId=1203002058942144601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Pathological characteristics of diabetic tubulopathy and the relationship between IFTA scores and poor prognosis, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the pathological features of diabetic tubulopathy (DT) and analyze the relationship between interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) scores and poor disease prognosis. Methods The pathological types, basic data, laboratory examination indexes and follow-up of 121 patients diagnosed as diabetic tubulopathy by pathological biopsy from 2018-2021 at the Army Specialized Medical Center of Army Medical University were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the different IFTA scores: group 1 (n=20), group 2 (n=55), and group 3 (n=46). Adverse prognosis was based on the occurrence of endpoint events. Differences between clinical and laboratory data of each group were compared, and correlation analysis was performed between IFTA and glomerular injury, interstitial inflammation, renal artery vitreous lesion and renal arteriosclerosis. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between IFTA scores and endpoint events. Results The age of 121 DT patients was (53.0±10.2) years old, including 84 males and 37 females, and 99 cases of the 121 patients were with hypertension (81.8%). The incidence of nocturia, lower limb edema, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy increased with increasing IFTA score (P<0.01), and urinary microalbumin, urinary protein quantification, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), corrected urinary N-acyl-β-D-amino glucosidase (NAG), cystatin C (CYC), and blood creatinine levels showed increasing trend (P<0.01), and urinary creatinine (Ucr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels gradually decreased (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between the development of complications such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic liver disease and high IFTA scores (P>0.05). Among pathological changes, IFTA score was strongly correlated with glomerular injury (r=0.503, P=0.000), and renal artery vitreous changes (r=0.329, P=0.007). There was a positive correlation between IFTA score and poor prognosis of patients (model-corrected P=0.021, HR=2.740, 95%CI 1.167-6.410), where the risk of adverse prognosis was 2.740 times higher in patients with IFTA score 3 than in patients with IFTA score 1. Conclusion Glomerular injury, renal artery vitreous degeneration, and renal arteriosclerosis scores were closely associated with IFTA scores in DT, and IFTA scores were closely associated with poor prognosis in DT patients.

, correspAuthors=Ke-Hong Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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目的 观察糖尿病肾小管病(DT)的临床病理特征,并分析间质纤维化与肾小管萎缩(IFTA)评分与疾病不良预后的关系。方法 收集2018-2021年在陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心经病理活检诊断为DT的121例患者的病理类型、基本资料、实验室检查指标及随访情况进行回顾性分析。根据IFTA评分的不同将121例患者分为:1分组(n=20)、2分组(n=55)和3分组(n=46)。不良预后以发生终点事件为标准。比较各组临床及实验室指标间的差异,分析IFTA与肾小球损伤、间质炎症、肾动脉玻璃样变、肾动脉硬化的相关性,并采用Cox回归分析评估IFTA评分与终点事件的关系。结果 121例DT患者年龄(53.0±10.2)岁,其中男84例,女37例,患高血压99例(81.8%)。随着IFTA评分的增高,夜尿增多、下肢水肿、蛋白尿、糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率逐渐增高(P<0.01),尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(ACR)、校正后尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、胱抑素C(CYC)、血肌酐水平也逐渐升高(P<0.01),而尿肌酐(Ucr)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平则逐渐降低(P<0.01),但罹患冠心病、脑血管疾病、慢性肝病的比例无明显变化(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,IFTA评分与肾小球损伤(r=0.503,P=0.000)、肾动脉玻璃样变(r=0.329,P=0.007)密切相关。Cox回归分析显示,IFTA评分与患者不良预后呈正相关(经模型校正后P=0.021,HR=2.740,95%CI 1.167~6.410),IFTA评分为3分的患者不良预后的发生风险是1分患者的2.740倍。结论 肾小球损伤、肾动脉玻璃样变、肾动脉硬化评分与DT的IFTA评分密切相关,而IFTA评分与DT患者的不良预后密切相关。

, correspAuthors=陈客宏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈客宏,E-mail:
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王卫东,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病肾病方面的研究

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王卫东,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病肾病方面的研究

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王卫东,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病肾病方面的研究

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IFTA. 间质纤维化与肾小管萎缩;DT. 糖尿病肾小管病

, figureFileSmall=10eTg0BfgDdh82SjmyanHA==, figureFileBig=54/ZFdOZIrRFjrEjMxLBbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203008551334670429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic clinical data of patients in different IFTA grouping

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指标IFTA评分合计(n=121)
1分组(n=20)2分组(n=55)3分组(n=46)P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)52.8±9.852.9±10.753.0±10.00.97853.0±10.2
男/女(例)13/738/1733/130.85984/37
体重指数(kg/m2,$\bar{x}±s$)25.6±3.024.4±3.024.2(23.1,26.6)0.37724.6(23.1,26.8)
收缩压(mmHg,$\bar{x}±s$)137.2±19.3142.9±25.6151.2±21.60.030145.2±23.6
舒张压(mmHg,$\bar{x}±s$)80.3±11.680.4±14.780.2±10.70.94180.4±12.7
夜尿增多(>2次/晚)[例(%)]1(5.0)7(12.7)16(34.8)0.00424(19.8)
蛋白尿[例(%)]16(80.0)53(96.4)46(100)0.002115(95.0)
下肢水肿[例(%)]5(25.0)39(70.9)37(80.4)0.00081(66.9)
高血压[例(%)]9(45.0)49(89.1)41(89.1)0.00099(81.8)
贫血[例(%)]4(20.0)31(56.4)34(73.9)0.00069(57.0)
冠心病[例(%)]08(14.5)4(8.7)0.16612(9.9)
脑血管疾病[例(%)]05(9.1)4(8.7)0.3819(7.4)
慢性肝病[例(%)]1(5.0)4(7.3)3(6.5)0.9408(6.6)
糖尿病视网膜病变[例(%)]5(31.3)28(53.8)34(85.0)0.00067(62.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1203008551418556512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同IFTA评分患者的基本临床资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IFTA评分合计(n=121)
1分组(n=20)2分组(n=55)3分组(n=46)P
年龄(岁,$\bar{x}±s$)52.8±9.852.9±10.753.0±10.00.97853.0±10.2
男/女(例)13/738/1733/130.85984/37
体重指数(kg/m2,$\bar{x}±s$)25.6±3.024.4±3.024.2(23.1,26.6)0.37724.6(23.1,26.8)
收缩压(mmHg,$\bar{x}±s$)137.2±19.3142.9±25.6151.2±21.60.030145.2±23.6
舒张压(mmHg,$\bar{x}±s$)80.3±11.680.4±14.780.2±10.70.94180.4±12.7
夜尿增多(>2次/晚)[例(%)]1(5.0)7(12.7)16(34.8)0.00424(19.8)
蛋白尿[例(%)]16(80.0)53(96.4)46(100)0.002115(95.0)
下肢水肿[例(%)]5(25.0)39(70.9)37(80.4)0.00081(66.9)
高血压[例(%)]9(45.0)49(89.1)41(89.1)0.00099(81.8)
贫血[例(%)]4(20.0)31(56.4)34(73.9)0.00069(57.0)
冠心病[例(%)]08(14.5)4(8.7)0.16612(9.9)
脑血管疾病[例(%)]05(9.1)4(8.7)0.3819(7.4)
慢性肝病[例(%)]1(5.0)4(7.3)3(6.5)0.9408(6.6)
糖尿病视网膜病变[例(%)]5(31.3)28(53.8)34(85.0)0.00067(62.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1203008551485665381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Laboratory data of patients in different IFTA grouping

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IFTA评分合计n=121)
1分组(n=20)2分组(n=55)3分组(n=46)P
尿蛋白定量[g/L,MQ1Q3)]0.3(0.1,0.6)1.7(0.9,3.7)3.7(1.8,5.6)0.0002.0(0.7,4.5)
mAlb[mg/L,MQ1Q3)]158(80,677)1379(539,2269)1576(1025,2712)0.0001228(362,2287)
ACR[mg/g,MQ1Q3)]118(59.5,518)2120(733,4564)3854(1972,5535)0.0002286(636.9,4902)
NAG[U/L,MQ1Q3)]14.8(8.2,26.1)20.4(13.7,26.2)18.3(12.9,27.3)0.48418.6(12.9,26.4)
Ucr[mmol/d,MQ1Q3)]9.7(5.2,12.9)6.5(4.0,8.1)4.8(3.1,6.8)0.0025.9(3.8,8.1)
校正后NAG[U/L,MQ1Q3)]14.1(10.1,27.7)30.9(18.0,49.5)36.4(24.0,56.4)0.00230.7(18.0,4.9)
血红蛋白[g/L,MQ1Q3)]139.5(131.2,148.2)113.0(98.0,136.0)101.0(91.2,119.7)0.000114(95,136)
血肌酐[μmol/L,MQ1Q3)]68.8(63.6,78.4)88.5(77.9,123.3)141.5(114.2,186.3)0.000105.2(77.3,142.3)
胱抑素C[mg/L,MQ1Q3)]1.2(0.9,1.3)1.5(1.3,1.8)2.2(1.6,2.6)0.0001.6(1.3,2.2)
eGFR[ml/(min.1.73m2),$\bar{x}±s$]91.8±23.875.8±25.947.1±22.30.00067.5±29.4
血清白蛋白[g/L,MQ1Q3)]41.0(38.4,42.1)33.2(27.5,39.1)31.8(26.2,35.8)0.00034.3(27.8,39.1)
总胆固醇[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]4.7(3.9,5.0)4.6(4.0,5.7)4.7(4.1,5.9)0.6644.7(4.1,5.7)
三酰甘油[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]1.9(1.4,2.9)1.7(1.4,2.2)1.9(1.3,2.7)0.5711.7(1.4,2.7)
高密度脂蛋白[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]1.1(0.9,1.3)1.1(1.0,1.3)1.1(0.9,1.3)0.7311.1(0.9,1.3)
低密度脂蛋白[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]2.8(2.4,3.1)3.0(2.5,3.7)3.1(2.7,3.8)0.3473.0(2.5,3.9)
空腹血糖[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]6.2(4.7,7.8)7.2(5.6,11.8)6.8(5.3,9.9)0.3786.8(5.1,10.2)
HbA1c[%,MQ1Q3)]7.9(6.4,8.7)7.6(6.7,8.8)8.1(6.7,9.5)0.7417.7(6.7,9.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1203008551598911595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同IFTA评分患者的实验室检查资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IFTA评分合计n=121)
1分组(n=20)2分组(n=55)3分组(n=46)P
尿蛋白定量[g/L,MQ1Q3)]0.3(0.1,0.6)1.7(0.9,3.7)3.7(1.8,5.6)0.0002.0(0.7,4.5)
mAlb[mg/L,MQ1Q3)]158(80,677)1379(539,2269)1576(1025,2712)0.0001228(362,2287)
ACR[mg/g,MQ1Q3)]118(59.5,518)2120(733,4564)3854(1972,5535)0.0002286(636.9,4902)
NAG[U/L,MQ1Q3)]14.8(8.2,26.1)20.4(13.7,26.2)18.3(12.9,27.3)0.48418.6(12.9,26.4)
Ucr[mmol/d,MQ1Q3)]9.7(5.2,12.9)6.5(4.0,8.1)4.8(3.1,6.8)0.0025.9(3.8,8.1)
校正后NAG[U/L,MQ1Q3)]14.1(10.1,27.7)30.9(18.0,49.5)36.4(24.0,56.4)0.00230.7(18.0,4.9)
血红蛋白[g/L,MQ1Q3)]139.5(131.2,148.2)113.0(98.0,136.0)101.0(91.2,119.7)0.000114(95,136)
血肌酐[μmol/L,MQ1Q3)]68.8(63.6,78.4)88.5(77.9,123.3)141.5(114.2,186.3)0.000105.2(77.3,142.3)
胱抑素C[mg/L,MQ1Q3)]1.2(0.9,1.3)1.5(1.3,1.8)2.2(1.6,2.6)0.0001.6(1.3,2.2)
eGFR[ml/(min.1.73m2),$\bar{x}±s$]91.8±23.875.8±25.947.1±22.30.00067.5±29.4
血清白蛋白[g/L,MQ1Q3)]41.0(38.4,42.1)33.2(27.5,39.1)31.8(26.2,35.8)0.00034.3(27.8,39.1)
总胆固醇[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]4.7(3.9,5.0)4.6(4.0,5.7)4.7(4.1,5.9)0.6644.7(4.1,5.7)
三酰甘油[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]1.9(1.4,2.9)1.7(1.4,2.2)1.9(1.3,2.7)0.5711.7(1.4,2.7)
高密度脂蛋白[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]1.1(0.9,1.3)1.1(1.0,1.3)1.1(0.9,1.3)0.7311.1(0.9,1.3)
低密度脂蛋白[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]2.8(2.4,3.1)3.0(2.5,3.7)3.1(2.7,3.8)0.3473.0(2.5,3.9)
空腹血糖[mmol/L,MQ1Q3)]6.2(4.7,7.8)7.2(5.6,11.8)6.8(5.3,9.9)0.3786.8(5.1,10.2)
HbA1c[%,MQ1Q3)]7.9(6.4,8.7)7.6(6.7,8.8)8.1(6.7,9.5)0.7417.7(6.7,9.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1203008551691186289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Follow-up of patients with DT

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访情况IFTA评分合计(n=112)
1分组(n=11)2分组(n=51)3分组(n=50)P
随访时间[月,MQ1Q3)]16.0(4.0,24.0)15.0(8.5,24.0)6.0(2.0,16.5)0.03111.0(4.0,22.0)
终点事件[例(%)]015(29.4)22(44.0)0.01537(33.0)
ESRD[例(%)]09(17.6)16(32.0)0.09525(22.3)
肌酐翻倍[例(%)]06(11.8)6(12.0)0.97112(10.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1203008551808626808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058942144601, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组DT患者的随访情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访情况IFTA评分合计(n=112)
1分组(n=11)2分组(n=51)3分组(n=50)P
随访时间[月,MQ1Q3)]16.0(4.0,24.0)15.0(8.5,24.0)6.0(2.0,16.5)0.03111.0(4.0,22.0)
终点事件[例(%)]015(29.4)22(44.0)0.01537(33.0)
ESRD[例(%)]09(17.6)16(32.0)0.09525(22.3)
肌酐翻倍[例(%)]06(11.8)6(12.0)0.97112(10.7)
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糖尿病肾小管病的病理特征及IFTA评分与不良预后的关系
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王卫东 1 , 陈佳 1 , 何娅妮 1, 2 , 陈客宏 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(6): 702-707
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(6): 702-707
糖尿病肾小管病的病理特征及IFTA评分与不良预后的关系
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王卫东1, 陈佳1, 何娅妮1, 2, 陈客宏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心(大坪医院)肾内科,重庆 400042
  • 2陆军军医大学创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆 400042
  • 王卫东,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病肾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈客宏,E-mail:
Pathological characteristics of diabetic tubulopathy and the relationship between IFTA scores and poor prognosis
Wei-Dong Wang1, Jia Chen1, Ya-Ni He1, 2, Ke-Hong Chen1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nephrology, Army Specialized Medical Center (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Complex Injuries, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
出版时间: 2023-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0702
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目的 观察糖尿病肾小管病(DT)的临床病理特征,并分析间质纤维化与肾小管萎缩(IFTA)评分与疾病不良预后的关系。方法 收集2018-2021年在陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心经病理活检诊断为DT的121例患者的病理类型、基本资料、实验室检查指标及随访情况进行回顾性分析。根据IFTA评分的不同将121例患者分为:1分组(n=20)、2分组(n=55)和3分组(n=46)。不良预后以发生终点事件为标准。比较各组临床及实验室指标间的差异,分析IFTA与肾小球损伤、间质炎症、肾动脉玻璃样变、肾动脉硬化的相关性,并采用Cox回归分析评估IFTA评分与终点事件的关系。结果 121例DT患者年龄(53.0±10.2)岁,其中男84例,女37例,患高血压99例(81.8%)。随着IFTA评分的增高,夜尿增多、下肢水肿、蛋白尿、糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率逐渐增高(P<0.01),尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(ACR)、校正后尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、胱抑素C(CYC)、血肌酐水平也逐渐升高(P<0.01),而尿肌酐(Ucr)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平则逐渐降低(P<0.01),但罹患冠心病、脑血管疾病、慢性肝病的比例无明显变化(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,IFTA评分与肾小球损伤(r=0.503,P=0.000)、肾动脉玻璃样变(r=0.329,P=0.007)密切相关。Cox回归分析显示,IFTA评分与患者不良预后呈正相关(经模型校正后P=0.021,HR=2.740,95%CI 1.167~6.410),IFTA评分为3分的患者不良预后的发生风险是1分患者的2.740倍。结论 肾小球损伤、肾动脉玻璃样变、肾动脉硬化评分与DT的IFTA评分密切相关,而IFTA评分与DT患者的不良预后密切相关。

糖尿病肾小管病  /  病理特征  /  不良预后

Objective To observe the pathological features of diabetic tubulopathy (DT) and analyze the relationship between interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) scores and poor disease prognosis. Methods The pathological types, basic data, laboratory examination indexes and follow-up of 121 patients diagnosed as diabetic tubulopathy by pathological biopsy from 2018-2021 at the Army Specialized Medical Center of Army Medical University were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the different IFTA scores: group 1 (n=20), group 2 (n=55), and group 3 (n=46). Adverse prognosis was based on the occurrence of endpoint events. Differences between clinical and laboratory data of each group were compared, and correlation analysis was performed between IFTA and glomerular injury, interstitial inflammation, renal artery vitreous lesion and renal arteriosclerosis. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between IFTA scores and endpoint events. Results The age of 121 DT patients was (53.0±10.2) years old, including 84 males and 37 females, and 99 cases of the 121 patients were with hypertension (81.8%). The incidence of nocturia, lower limb edema, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy increased with increasing IFTA score (P<0.01), and urinary microalbumin, urinary protein quantification, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), corrected urinary N-acyl-β-D-amino glucosidase (NAG), cystatin C (CYC), and blood creatinine levels showed increasing trend (P<0.01), and urinary creatinine (Ucr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels gradually decreased (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between the development of complications such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic liver disease and high IFTA scores (P>0.05). Among pathological changes, IFTA score was strongly correlated with glomerular injury (r=0.503, P=0.000), and renal artery vitreous changes (r=0.329, P=0.007). There was a positive correlation between IFTA score and poor prognosis of patients (model-corrected P=0.021, HR=2.740, 95%CI 1.167-6.410), where the risk of adverse prognosis was 2.740 times higher in patients with IFTA score 3 than in patients with IFTA score 1. Conclusion Glomerular injury, renal artery vitreous degeneration, and renal arteriosclerosis scores were closely associated with IFTA scores in DT, and IFTA scores were closely associated with poor prognosis in DT patients.

diabetic tubulopathy  /  pathological features  /  poor prognosis
王卫东, 陈佳, 何娅妮, 陈客宏. 糖尿病肾小管病的病理特征及IFTA评分与不良预后的关系. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (6) : 702 -707 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0702
Wei-Dong Wang, Jia Chen, Ya-Ni He, Ke-Hong Chen. Pathological characteristics of diabetic tubulopathy and the relationship between IFTA scores and poor prognosis[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (6) : 702 -707 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0702
糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)指糖尿病引起的慢性肾脏损害,以持续性白蛋白尿和(或)肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)进行性下降为主要特征,可进展为终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)[1],是全球导致ESRD的首要因素,约占所有ESRD患者病因的50%[2-3]。因此,DKD是慢性肾脏疾病的主要病种和尿毒症防控工作的重点和难点。传统观念认为,DKD的起始病理变化是肾小球病变,近年来研究发现,部分DKD患者的肾小管病变早于微量白蛋白尿[4],且肾小管损伤较肾小球损伤对DKD病程进展的影响更大[5-6]。糖尿病肾小管病(diabetic tubulopathy,DT)是指肾小管损伤评分较肾小球损伤评分更高的DKD,其主要特征性病变是管球反馈异常、近端肾小管上皮细胞肥大、肾间质炎症及纤维化等,更加强调DKD中的肾小管病变[7]。最新的研究提出了“DKD肾小管假说”,认为在存在糖尿病的情况下,高糖刺激可使近端肾小管发生病变(增生、肥大等),增加钠-糖转运蛋白对糖的重吸收,但同时也难以避免地增加了水盐的重吸收,通过管球反馈增加了肾小球滤过,并加剧了滤过屏障负荷,从而引起DKD的早期病理改变,随后肾小管细胞发生应激性衰老,最终加速DKD晚期进展为ESRD[8]。总之,近端小管通过多种促炎和促纤维化途径参与了DKD的启动及进展,在DKD的发生发展中起决定作用。但迄今为止,国内对DT的病理特征尚缺乏研究,其肾小管间质损伤程度与DT预后的关系也未明确。肾小管间质损伤程度可采用间质纤维化与肾小管萎缩(interstitial fibrosis tubular atrophy,IFTA)评分进行评估[9]。因此,本研究回顾性分析DT患者的病理特征,并分析IFTA评分与疾病不良预后的关系,旨在为DT患者的预后情况提供预警,以尽早启动干预措施。
收集2018年1月-2021年9月陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心肾内科收治的行肾穿刺活检明确诊断为DKD的176例患者,选取其中的121例DT患者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合肾脏病理学会制定的标准,即肾活检穿刺诊断为DKD[10];(2)IFTA评分≥肾小球病理评分;(3)年龄≥16岁;(4)签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)病理诊断中合并其他病理改变如系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性硬化性肾小球肾炎等;(2)合并慢性感染性疾病、恶性肿瘤等;(3)妊娠或哺乳期女性。将纳入患者根据IFTA评分的不同分为1分组(IFTA病变范围<25%,n=20)、2分组(25%≤IFTA病变范围≤50%,n=55)、3分组(IFTA病变范围>50%,n=46)[10]。本研究获陆军特色医学中心伦理委员会审批[医研伦审(2014)第90号]。
采集各组人群年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、胱抑素C、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、随机血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿肌酐(Ucr)、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(ACR)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),根据入院时的病史资料统计患者有无夜尿增多、蛋白尿、下肢水肿等。根据患者既往有无相应病史及用药史,诊断有无高血压、冠心病、脑血管病变及慢性肝病。所有入院患者经眼科专科检查后诊断有无糖尿病视网膜病变。根据慢性肾脏病流行病学协作公式(chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration,CKD-EPI)计算估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)[11]。由于纳入病例中仅有2例1型糖尿病患者,故未对糖尿病分型进一步分组研究。
按照Tervaert等[10]提出的标准进行病理评分。(1)肾小管评分,无IFTA计为0分,IFTA病变范围<25%计为1分,25%≤IFTA病变范围≤50%计为2分,IFTA病变范围>50%计为3分;(2)肾小球评分,分为0分[肾小球基膜(GBM)增厚,轻度或非特异性光镜改变]、1分(系膜增生)、2分(出现K-W结节)、3分(硬化性肾小球>50%);(3)间质炎症评分,分为0分(无间质炎症)、1分(与IFTA相关的炎性浸润)、2分(无IFTA区域也有炎性浸润);(4)动脉透明变性评分,分为0分(无动脉透明变性)、1分(1个部位动脉透明变性)、2分(超过1个部位动脉透明变性);(5)动脉硬化评分,分为0分(无动脉硬化)、1分(有动脉硬化)。其中肾小球病理评分根据Ⅰ-Ⅳ分期,计0-3分。
随访(复合)终点定义为血清肌酐水平翻倍、进入ESRD。ESRD定义为eGFR<15 ml/(min.1.73 m2)或开始肾脏替代治疗。随访截止时间为2021年12月31日,随访期间发生终点事件者记录随访时间;未发生终点事件者定义为删失事件,根据其末次随访日期记录随访时间;随访周期为每月一次,患者每月来院复查尿常规及肾功能。随访过程中共失访9例。
对不同IFTA评分组的年龄、性别、BMI、血压、并发症发生率、mAlb、血肌酐、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血脂水平等基线资料进行比较,分析IFTA与其他病理指标的相关性,以及不同IFTA评分与DT不良预后的关系。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以MQ1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Spearman检验分析IFTA评分与其他肾组织病理损伤评分的关系;采用单因素Cox回归分析找出与DT不良预后相关的变量,再利用多因素Cox回归分析IFTA评分与DT不良预后的关系(采用逐步向前法排除混杂变量)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
121例DT患者年龄(53.0±10.2)岁,其中男84例,女37例。随着IFTA评分增高,夜尿增多、蛋白尿、下肢水肿、高血压、贫血、糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率逐渐增高(P<0.01),且收缩压也逐渐增高(P<0.05),但各组间合并冠心病、脑血管疾病、慢性肝病的比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
随着肾小管病变加重,mAlb、尿蛋白定量、ACR、校正后NAG、胱抑素C、血肌酐水平呈增高趋势,而Ucr、eGFR逐渐下降(P<0.01);各组NAG、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、脂蛋白、空腹血糖及HbA1c差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
排除混杂因素(性别、年龄、高血压、贫血、低白蛋白血症、糖尿病病程)的干扰后,IFTA评分与肾小球损伤(r=0.503,P=0.000)、肾动脉玻璃样变(r=0.329,P=0.007)密切相关,与间质炎症及肾动脉硬化未见明显相关性。
121例DT患者中位随访时间为11个月,其中3分组中位随访时间为6个月,明显短于其他两组(P=0.031);DT患者的终点事件发生率为33.0%,其中1分组中无终点事件发生,2分组终点事件发生率为29.4%,3分组终点事件发生率为44.0%,随着IFTA评分增高,终点事件发生率逐渐增高(P=0.015);此外,DT患者ESRD发生率为22.3%,肌酐翻倍发生率为10.7%(表3)。
多因素Cox回归分析发现,校正性别、年龄、肾小球损伤、间质炎症、玻璃样变、动脉硬化、糖尿病病程、夜尿增多、下肢水肿、高血压、贫血等因素后,IFTA评分与DT患者的不良预后存在明显相关性(经校正后P=0.021,HR=2.740,95%CI 1.167~6.410),其中3分组患者不良预后的发生风险是1分组患者的2.740倍。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,IFTA评分越高,患者的预后越差,3分组终点事件发生率较其他两组明显增高(P=0.0033,图1)。
DKD是临床常见的继发性肾病,具有患病率高、发病机制复杂、病程进展较快等特点,传统上根据蛋白尿诊断及判读DKD患者的预后具有较大的局限性,许多DKD患者在蛋白尿正常时即出现肾功能减退,或在尿蛋白降至正常时肾功能仍持续进展[12];有研究发现肾功能减退主要取决于间质病变[13],因此,笔者对DT的病理特征及其与预后的关系进行分析,以寻找与DT疾病进展更加密切的临床指标或病理改变。2018-2021年在我院经病理活检诊断为DKD的患者中,DT占68.7%,提示DKD的病理改变以肾小管病变为著[14]
肾近端小管细胞中的溶酶体含有大量NAG,当肾小管受损时,NAG可通过尿液排泄,已被证实是近端肾小管损伤的标志物[15]。尿NAG水平升高甚至早于尿微量白蛋白增高,即使在尿白蛋白正常的DKD患者中也可观察到NAG排泄增加[16]。本研究发现,不同IFTA评分患者的尿NAG水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),考虑NAG水平受身体一般情况及尿液稀释作用的影响,因此采用Ucr进行校正,结果显示,校正后的NAG水平与IFTA评分密切相关(P<0.01),表明校正后的NAG水平更能反映DT患者的肾小管功能。夜尿增多、高血压、贫血的发生率随IFTA评分的增高而增高(P<0.01),而血糖、HbA1c水平与IFTA评分无明显关系,提示IFTA程度加重是多种因素共同作用的结果[17-18]
本研究的相关性分析发现,IFTA评分与肾动脉玻璃样变评分(r=0.329,P=0.007)密切相关。Furuichi等[19]发现,在DKD的早期阶段可观察到肾小动脉玻璃样变和动脉硬化等病理改变,但此类病理学改变与高血压肾病的病理变化无明显差异,可能是DT患者高血压发生率高(81.8%)的病理学基础。此外,有研究发现,肾动脉玻璃样变、动脉硬化等血管病变可通过影响肾脏的血流动力学,引起间质缺血、缺氧及炎症细胞浸润,刺激纤维细胞增生,进而导致IFTA的形成[20],提示IFTA在DKD的早期阶段就已经形成。
本研究通过随访发现各组终点事件发生率随IFTA评分增高而增高(P<0.05),多因素Cox回归分析显示IFTA的损伤程度与不良预后的发生具有明显的相关性,其中3分组患者终点事件的发生风险是1分组患者的2.740倍。有研究发现,IFTA可造成肾小管重吸收功能降低、氧扩散减少及微血管病变,导致缺氧的发生,从而诱导小管上皮的活化与凋亡,这反过来又加剧了肾脏间质功能的受损和纤维化,形成相互促进的恶性循环,最终形成ERSD[21-22]。因此,如能尽早干预IFTA,可有效地控制DT的病情进展。本研究单因素Cox回归分析虽然发现肾小球损伤与DT患者的不良预后具有相关性,但多因素Cox回归分析提示肾小球损伤为影响DT预后的混杂因素,该结果的产生考虑与肾小球损伤与肾小管损伤密切相关有关。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,IFTA严重程度与DT患者的不良预后明显相关,因此,保护患者的肾小管功能对延缓DT病程进展具有积极意义。但本研究为小样本量的回顾性分析,未能纳入控制因素对结果进行干预,故在临床实际应用方面存在局限性,后续需继续扩大样本量,纳入更多临床指标,持续进行随访,争取找到能更有效反映肾小管功能的标志物,以验证肾小管损伤对DT的预后价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81770731)
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2023年第48卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0702
  • 接收时间:2022-06-22
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-22
  • 录用日期:2022-09-20
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770731)
国家自然科学基金(81770731)
作者信息
    1陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心(大坪医院)肾内科,重庆 400042
    2陆军军医大学创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆 400042

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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