首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1203002058623377484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1634572800000, receivedDateStr=2021-10-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1651593600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-04, onlineDate=1764747641472, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1687881600000, pubDateStr=2023-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764747641472, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764747641472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747641472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203002056400396334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='627', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764747640943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764747714497, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203002364979540736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1203002056400396334, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=723, endPage=728, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203002058908590167, articleId=1203002058623377484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress of role and mechanism of A1/A2 reactive astrocyte activation in spinal cord injury, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological and pathological condition that causes severe motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Although SCI has been treated with varying degrees of success, these treatments have not yet achieved satisfactory results because the pathological molecular mechanisms of SCI are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes can be activated into A1/A2 phenotypes after SCI. The A1 phenotype of reactive astrocytes plays a neurotoxic role, while the A2 phenotype of reactive astrocytes plays a neuroprotective role. A full understanding of the role and activation mechanism of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in SCI is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of SCI. This review focuses on the role of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in SCI, the signaling pathways that regulate the activation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes, and SCI therapy for astrocytes.

, correspAuthors=Hai-Hong Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tai-Cong Liu, Hai-Hong Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1203002059307049054, articleId=1203002058623377484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的作用及其机制研究进展, columnId=1190243276029530637, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种破坏性的神经病理状态，会导致严重的运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍。尽管SCI的治疗已经取得了不同程度的进展，但由于其病理分子机制仍不完全清楚，故尚未达到令人满意的治疗效果。近年来研究发现，SCI后星形胶质细胞可活化为A1、A2两种表型，A1表型的反应性星形胶质细胞发挥神经毒性作用，而A2表型的反应性星形胶质细胞具有神经保护作用。充分理解A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用及其活化机制，有望为SCI的治疗提供新思路。本文主要对A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用，调控A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化的信号通路，以及针对星形胶质细胞的SCI疗法进行综述。

, correspAuthors=张海鸿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张海鸿，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Uo4aP/H63VlqansH6Qdn6Q==, magXml=j+xUBJyO07hMFQfggsmIEg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wIRmDVkOtTafUdnskv+o7w==, pdfFileSize=789346, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=x0dk2CXilPoQPiadjPdD8Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘太聪，硕士研究生，主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤方面的研究

, authorsList=刘太聪, 张海鸿)}, authors=[Author(id=1203008547928896394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203008548012782480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, authorId=1203008547928896394, language=EN, stringName=Tai-Cong Liu, firstName=Tai-Cong, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203008548088279955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, authorId=1203008547928896394, language=CN, stringName=刘太聪, firstName=太聪, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030, bio={"content":"

刘太聪，硕士研究生，主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤方面的研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘太聪，硕士研究生，主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤方面的研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203008547840816004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547845010309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547853398918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030)])]), Author(id=1203008548176360348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhanghaihong1968@sina.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1203008548281217955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, authorId=1203008548176360348, language=EN, stringName=Hai-Hong Zhang, firstName=Hai-Hong, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1203008548407047078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, authorId=1203008548176360348, language=CN, stringName=张海鸿, firstName=海鸿, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203008547840816004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547845010309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547853398918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1203008548612567982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=spinal cord injury), Keyword(id=1203008548750980020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=A1/A2 astrocytes), Keyword(id=1203008548847449016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=treatment), Keyword(id=1203008548969083842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=脊髓损伤), Keyword(id=1203008549082330056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=A1/A2星形胶质细胞), Keyword(id=1203008549195576273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=治疗)], refs=[Reference(id=1203008549707281394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Hu XC, Lu YB, Yang YN, journalName=Neural Regen Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu XC, Lu YB, Yang YN, et al. Progress in clinical trials of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury: how many questions remain unanswered? [J]. Neural Regen Res, 2021, 16（3）: 405-413., articleTitle=Progress in clinical trials of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury: how many questions remain unanswered?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008549833110521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=47, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Yi LR, Tan BT, Liu Y, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yi LR, Tan BT, Liu Y, et al. Effect of combined activation of mTOR and STAT signaling pathways on axon regeneration and motor function in mice with spinal cord injury [J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2022, 47（1）: 12-19., articleTitle=Effect of combined activation of mTOR and STAT signaling pathways on axon regeneration and motor function in mice with spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008549933772801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=12, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=易凌荣, 谭波涛, 刘媛, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[易凌荣, 谭波涛, 刘媛, 等. 联合激活mTOR和STAT信号通路对脊髓损伤小鼠轴突再生及运动功能的影响[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2022, 47（1）: 12-19.], articleTitle=联合激活mTOR和STAT信号通路对脊髓损伤小鼠轴突再生及运动功能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550038630410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=20, pageStart=21, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, et al. Spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21（20）: 7533., articleTitle=Spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550122516497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=14, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Zürcher C, Tough H, Fekete C, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zürcher C, Tough H, Fekete C, et al. Mental health in individuals with spinal cord injury: The role of socioeconomic conditions and social relationships [J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14（2）: e0206069., articleTitle=Mental health in individuals with spinal cord injury: The role of socioeconomic conditions and social relationships, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550227374106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=14, pageEnd=371, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Vismara I, Papa S, Veneruso V, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vismara I, Papa S, Veneruso V, et al. Selective modulation of A1 astrocytes by drug-loaded nano-structured gel in spinal cord injury [J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14（1）: 360-371., articleTitle=Selective modulation of A1 astrocytes by drug-loaded nano-structured gel in spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550315454492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=2020, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Li X, Li M, Tian L, journalName=Oxid Med Cell Longev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Li M, Tian L, et al. Reactive astrogliosis: Implications in spinal cord injury progression and therapy [J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020: 9494352., articleTitle=Reactive astrogliosis: Implications in spinal cord injury progression and therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550399340577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=46, pageEnd=891, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Xu WY, Wang YY, Zhang H, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu WY, Wang YY, Zhang H, et al. Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats [J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46（9）: 883-891., articleTitle=Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550462255143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=9, pageStart=883, pageEnd=891, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=徐汪洋, 王业杨, 张辉, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[徐汪洋, 王业杨, 张辉, 等. TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响[J].解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46（9）: 883-891.], articleTitle=TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550541946927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Bradbury EJ, Burnside ER, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bradbury EJ, Burnside ER. Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10（1）: 3879., articleTitle=Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550638415925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=22, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Villarreal A, Vogel T, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Villarreal A, Vogel T. Different flavors of astrocytes: Revising the origins of astrocyte diversity and epigenetic signatures to understand heterogeneity after injury [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22（13）: 6867., articleTitle=Different flavors of astrocytes: Revising the origins of astrocyte diversity and epigenetic signatures to understand heterogeneity after injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550705524794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=22, pageStart=142, pageEnd=3809, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Zuchero JB, Barres BA, journalName=Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuchero JB, Barres BA. Glia in mammalian development and disease [J]. Development, 2015, 142（22）: 3805-3809., articleTitle=Glia in mammalian development and disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550772633662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=41, pageEnd=819, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ, journalName=Trends Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ. The role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation [J]. Trends Immunol, 2020, 41（9）: 805-819., articleTitle=The role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550856519750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=98, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M, journalName=Physiol Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of astroglia [J]. Physiol Rev, 2018, 98（1）: 239-389., articleTitle=Physiology of astroglia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008550927822922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=46, pageEnd=967, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Liddelow SA, Barres BA, journalName=Immunity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liddelow SA, Barres BA. Reactive astrocytes: Production, function, and therapeutic potential [J]. Immunity, 2017, 46（6）: 957-967., articleTitle=Reactive astrocytes: Production, function, and therapeutic potential, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551036874831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=41, pageEnd=770, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Sofroniew MV, journalName=Trends Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sofroniew MV. Astrocyte reactivity: Subtypes, states, and functions in CNS innate immunity [J]. Trends Immunol, 2020, 41（9）: 758-770., articleTitle=Astrocyte reactivity: Subtypes, states, and functions in CNS innate immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551141732441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=9, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Kwon HS, Koh SH, journalName=Transl Neurodegener, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kwon HS, Koh SH. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: The roles of microglia and astrocytes [J]. Transl Neurodegener, 2020, 9（1）: 42., articleTitle=Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: The roles of microglia and astrocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551246590042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Morita M, Ikeshima-Kataoka H, Kreft M, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Morita M, Ikeshima-Kataoka H, Kreft M, et al. Metabolic plasticity of astrocytes and aging of the brain [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20（4）: 941., articleTitle=Metabolic plasticity of astrocytes and aging of the brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551313698908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=9, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Katoozi S, Skauli N, Zahl S, journalName=Cells, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Katoozi S, Skauli N, Zahl S, et al. Uncoupling of the astrocyte syncytium differentially affects AQP4 isoforms [J]. Cells, 2020, 9（2）: 382., articleTitle=Uncoupling of the astrocyte syncytium differentially affects AQP4 isoforms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551389196383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=22, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Santello M, Toni N, Volterra A, journalName=Nat Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Santello M, Toni N, Volterra A. Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2019, 22（2）: 154-166., articleTitle=Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551468888164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=118, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Zhou Z, Okamoto K, Onodera J, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou Z, Okamoto K, Onodera J, et al. Astrocytic cAMP modulates memory via synaptic plasticity [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118（3）: e2016584118., articleTitle=Astrocytic cAMP modulates memory via synaptic plasticity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551544385641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=68, pageEnd=226, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Xie Z, Yang Q, Song D, journalName=Glia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie Z, Yang Q, Song D, et al. Optogenetic manipulation of astrocytes from synapses to neuronal networks: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Glia, 2020, 68（2）: 215-226., articleTitle=Optogenetic manipulation of astrocytes from synapses to neuronal networks: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551636660334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=16, pageEnd=698, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Trujillo-Estrada L, Gomez-Arboledas A, Forner S, journalName=Curr Alzheimer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trujillo-Estrada L, Gomez-Arboledas A, Forner S, et al.Astrocytes: From the physiology to the disease [J]. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2019, 16（8）: 675-698., articleTitle=Astrocytes: From the physiology to the disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551707963508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=37, pageEnd=691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Boghdadi AG, Teo L, Bourne JA, journalName=J Neurotrauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boghdadi AG, Teo L, Bourne JA. The neuroprotective role of reactive astrocytes after central nervous system injury [J]. J Neurotrauma, 2020, 37（5）: 681-691., articleTitle=The neuroprotective role of reactive astrocytes after central nervous system injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551804432503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=7638, pageStart=541, pageEnd=487, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia [J]. Nature, 2017, 541（7638）: 481-487., articleTitle=Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551905095804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Kisucká A, Bimbová K, Bačová M, journalName=Cells, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kisucká A, Bimbová K, Bačová M, et al. Activation of neuroprotective microglia and astrocytes at the lesion site and in the adjacent segments is crucial for spontaneous locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Cells, 2021, 10（8）: 1943., articleTitle=Activation of neuroprotective microglia and astrocytes at the lesion site and in the adjacent segments is crucial for spontaneous locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008551976398978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=330, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, et al. Functionalized nanogel for treating activated astrocytes in spinal cord injury [J]. J Control Release, 2021, 330: 218-228., articleTitle=Functionalized nanogel for treating activated astrocytes in spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552051896454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=23, pageEnd=1078, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Cong Q, Soteros BM, Wollet M, journalName=Nat Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cong Q, Soteros BM, Wollet M, et al. The endogenous neuronal complement inhibitor SRPX2 protects against complement-mediated synapse elimination during development [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2020, 23（9）: 1067-1078., articleTitle=The endogenous neuronal complement inhibitor SRPX2 protects against complement-mediated synapse elimination during development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552110616713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=34, pageEnd=969, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Hinkle JT, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, journalName=Mov Disord, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hinkle JT, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. The A1 astrocyte paradigm: New avenues for pharmacological intervention in neurodegeneration [J]. Mov Disord, 2019, 34（7）: 959-969., articleTitle=The A1 astrocyte paradigm: New avenues for pharmacological intervention in neurodegeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552190308493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=11, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Gajtko A, Bakk E, Hegedus K, journalName=Front Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gajtko A, Bakk E, Hegedus K, et al. IL-1beta induced cytokine expression by spinal astrocytes can play a role in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain [J]. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 543331., articleTitle=IL-1beta induced cytokine expression by spinal astrocytes can play a role in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552303554707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Li T, Chen X, Zhang C, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Chen X, Zhang C, et al. An update on reactive astrocytes in chronic pain [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2019, 16（1）: 140., articleTitle=An update on reactive astrocytes in chronic pain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552379052184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=119, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Sofroniew MV, Vinters HV, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sofroniew MV, Vinters HV. Astrocytes: Biology and pathology [J]. Acta Neuropathol, 2010, 119（1）: 7-35., articleTitle=Astrocytes: Biology and pathology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552446161051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=24, pageEnd=438, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Larson C, Oronsky B, Carter CA, journalName=Expert Opin Ther Targets, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Larson C, Oronsky B, Carter CA, et al. TGF-beta: A master immune regulator [J]. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2020, 24（5）: 427-438., articleTitle=TGF-beta: A master immune regulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552496492703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=14, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Zhang J, Zhang L, Yi S, journalName=Front Cell Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhang L, Yi S, et al. Mouse astrocytes promote microglial ramification by releasing TGF-beta and forming glial fibers [J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14: 195., articleTitle=Mouse astrocytes promote microglial ramification by releasing TGF-beta and forming glial fibers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552580378787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=33, pageEnd=10871, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Su Y, Chen Z, Du H, journalName=FASEB J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su Y, Chen Z, Du H, et al. Silencing miR-21 induces polarization of astrocytes to the A2 phenotype and improves the formation of synapses by targeting glypican 6 via the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway after acute ischemic spinal cord injury [J]. FASEB J, 2019, 33（10）: 10859-10871., articleTitle=Silencing miR-21 induces polarization of astrocytes to the A2 phenotype and improves the formation of synapses by targeting glypican 6 via the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway after acute ischemic spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552685236391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=78, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Diniz LP, Matias IC, Garcia MN, journalName=Neurochem Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Diniz LP, Matias IC, Garcia MN, et al. Astrocytic control of neural circuit formation: Highlights on TGF-beta signaling [J].Neurochem Int, 2014, 78: 18-27., articleTitle=Astrocytic control of neural circuit formation: Highlights on TGF-beta signaling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552781705386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=18, pageStart=32, pageEnd=6410, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zamanian JL, Xu L, Foo LC, journalName=J Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zamanian JL, Xu L, Foo LC, et al. Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis [J]. J Neurosci, 2012, 32（18）: 6391-6410., articleTitle=Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008552886562990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=22, pageStart=79, pageEnd=5768, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Xiao Y, Zhao H, Tian L, journalName=Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao Y, Zhao H, Tian L, et al. S100A10 is a critical mediator of GAS6/AXL-induced angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma [J].Cancer Res, 2019, 79（22）: 5758-5768., articleTitle=S100A10 is a critical mediator of GAS6/AXL-induced angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553004003504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=5, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, journalName=Signal Transduct Target Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, et al. Targeting NF-kappaB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 5（1）: 209., articleTitle=Targeting NF-kappaB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553066918067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Chen J, Wang Z, Zheng Z, journalName=Cell Death Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen J, Wang Z, Zheng Z, et al. Neuron and microglia/macrophage-derived FGF10 activate neuronal FGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibit microglia/macrophages TLR4/NF-kappaB-dependent neuroinflammation to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Cell Death Dis, 2017, 8（10）: e3090., articleTitle=Neuron and microglia/macrophage-derived FGF10 activate neuronal FGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibit microglia/macrophages TLR4/NF-kappaB-dependent neuroinflammation to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553154998452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Jin Y, Yao Y, El-Ashram S, journalName=Front Med（Lausanne）, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin Y, Yao Y, El-Ashram S, et al. The neurotropic parasite toxoplasma gondii induces astrocyte polarization through NFkappaB pathway [J]. Front Med（Lausanne）, 2019, 6: 267., articleTitle=The neurotropic parasite toxoplasma gondii induces astrocyte polarization through NFkappaB pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553213718711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Lian H, Yang L, Cole A, journalName=Neuron, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lian H, Yang L, Cole A, et al. NFkappaB-activated astroglial release of complement C3 compromises neuronal morphology and function associated with Alzheimer's disease [J]. Neuron, 2015, 85（1）: 101-115., articleTitle=NFkappaB-activated astroglial release of complement C3 compromises neuronal morphology and function associated with Alzheimer's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553297604795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, journalName=Front Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, et al. JAK/STAT cytokine signaling at the crossroad of NK cell development and maturation [J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 2590., articleTitle=JAK/STAT cytokine signaling at the crossroad of NK cell development and maturation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553402462401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=11, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS, journalName=Cancers（Basel）, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT signaling: A double-edged sword of immune regulation and cancer progression [J]. Cancers（Basel）, 2019, 11（12）: 2002., articleTitle=JAK-STAT signaling: A double-edged sword of immune regulation and cancer progression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553503125702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Henrik Heiland D, Ravi VM, Behringer SP, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Henrik Heiland D, Ravi VM, Behringer SP, et al. Tumor-associated reactive astrocytes aid the evolution of immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10（1）: 2541., articleTitle=Tumor-associated reactive astrocytes aid the evolution of immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553566040265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=12, pageEnd=834, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Okada S, Nakamura M, Katoh H, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Okada S, Nakamura M, Katoh H, et al. Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury [J]. Nat Med, 2006, 12（7）: 829-834., articleTitle=Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553637343437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Xu F, Na L, Li Y, journalName=Cell Biosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu F, Na L, Li Y, et al. Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours [J]. Cell Biosci, 2020, 10（1）: 54., articleTitle=Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553704452305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=23, pageEnd=446, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Sreenivasulu K, Nandeesha H, Dorairajan LN, journalName=Aging Male, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sreenivasulu K, Nandeesha H, Dorairajan LN, et al. Over expression of PI3K-Akt reduces apoptosis and increases prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia [J]. Aging Male, 2020, 23（5）: 440-446., articleTitle=Over expression of PI3K-Akt reduces apoptosis and increases prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553788338389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=234, pageEnd=914, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Xu X, Zhang A, Zhu Y, journalName=J Cell Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Zhang A, Zhu Y, et al. MFG-E8 reverses microglial-induced neurotoxic astrocyte（A1）via NF-kappaB and PI3K-Akt pathways [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 234（1）: 904-914., articleTitle=MFG-E8 reverses microglial-induced neurotoxic astrocyte（A1）via NF-kappaB and PI3K-Akt pathways, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553880613079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Li T, Liu T, Chen X, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Liu T, Chen X, et al. Microglia induce the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt pathway in chronic post-surgical pain [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17（1）: 211., articleTitle=Microglia induce the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt pathway in chronic post-surgical pain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008553968693468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=12, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Liu WZ, Ma ZJ, Li JR, journalName=Stem Cell Res Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu WZ, Ma ZJ, Li JR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges for spinal cord injury [J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2021, 12（1）: 102., articleTitle=Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges for spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554039996638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=36, pageEnd=484, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Liu W, Wang Y, Gong F, journalName=J Neurotrauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu W, Wang Y, Gong F, et al. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes [J]. J Neurotrauma, 2019, 36（3）: 469-484., articleTitle=Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554094522592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Oe Y, Akther S, Hirase H, journalName=Adv Neurobiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oe Y, Akther S, Hirase H. Regional distribution of glycogen in the mouse brain visualized by immunohistochemistry [J]. Adv Neurobiol, 2019, 23: 147-168., articleTitle=Regional distribution of glycogen in the mouse brain visualized by immunohistochemistry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554161631460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Guo H, Fan Z, Wang S, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo H, Fan Z, Wang S, et al. Astrocytic A1/A2 paradigm participates in glycogen mobilization mediated neuroprotection on reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2021, 18（1）: 230., articleTitle=Astrocytic A1/A2 paradigm participates in glycogen mobilization mediated neuroprotection on reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554241323238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=77, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Joosten EAJ, Veldhuis WB, Hamers FPT, journalName=J Neurosci Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Joosten EAJ, Veldhuis WB, Hamers FPT. Collagen containing neonatal astrocytes stimulates regrowth of injured fibers and promotes modest locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury [J].J Neurosci Res, 2004, 77（1）: 127-142., articleTitle=Collagen containing neonatal astrocytes stimulates regrowth of injured fibers and promotes modest locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554312626410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=55, pageEnd=8585, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Becerra-Calixto A, Posada-Duque R, Cardona-Gómez GP, journalName=Mol Neurobiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Becerra-Calixto A, Posada-Duque R, Cardona-Gómez GP. Recovery of neurovascular unit integrity by CDK5-KD astrocyte transplantation in a global cerebral ischemia model [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 55（11）: 8563-8585., articleTitle=Recovery of neurovascular unit integrity by CDK5-KD astrocyte transplantation in a global cerebral ischemia model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554392318190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=8, pageEnd=693, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Noble M, Davies JE, Mayer-Proschel M, journalName=Neurotherapeutics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Noble M, Davies JE, Mayer-Proschel M, et al. Precursor cell biology and the development of astrocyte transplantation therapies: Lessons from spinal cord injury [J]. Neurotherapeutics, 2011, 8（4）: 677-693., articleTitle=Precursor cell biology and the development of astrocyte transplantation therapies: Lessons from spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554451038449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=271, pageEnd=492, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Li K, Javed E, Scura D, journalName=Exp Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li K, Javed E, Scura D, et al. Human iPS cell-derived astrocyte transplants preserve respiratory function after spinal cord injury [J]. Exp Neurol, 2015, 271: 479-492., articleTitle=Human iPS cell-derived astrocyte transplants preserve respiratory function after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554518147315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=44, pageEnd=274, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Sowamber R, Chehade R, Bitar M, journalName=EBioMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sowamber R, Chehade R, Bitar M, et al. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta（C/EBPdelta）demonstrates a dichotomous role in tumour initiation and promotion of epithelial carcinoma [J]. EBioMedicine, 2019, 44: 261-274., articleTitle=CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta（C/EBPdelta）demonstrates a dichotomous role in tumour initiation and promotion of epithelial carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554581061879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=53, pageEnd=5927, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Wang SM, Hsu JC, Ko CY, journalName=Mol Neurobiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang SM, Hsu JC, Ko CY, et al. Astrocytic CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta contributes to glial scar formation and impairs functional recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2016, 53（9）: 5912-5927., articleTitle=Astrocytic CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta contributes to glial scar formation and impairs functional recovery after spinal cord injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554715279609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Li L, Li Y, He B, journalName=J Neuroinflammation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L, Li Y, He B, et al. HSF1 is involved in suppressing A1 phenotype conversion of astrocytes following spinal cord injury in rats [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2021, 18（1）: 205., articleTitle=HSF1 is involved in suppressing A1 phenotype conversion of astrocytes following spinal cord injury in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1203008554799165690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=127, pageEnd=1181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Jones KJ, Searles CD, journalName=Circ Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jones KJ, Searles CD. Development of microRNA-based therapeutics for vascular disease [J]. Circ Res, 2020, 127（9）: 1179-1181., articleTitle=Development of microRNA-based therapeutics for vascular disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203008549354959834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, awardId=31960175, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960175), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203008549459817442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, awardId=31960175, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(31960175), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203008547840816004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547845010309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203008547853398918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1203002058623377484, companyId=1203008547840816004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的作用及其机制研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘太聪 , 张海鸿 *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023,48(6): 723-728
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023, 48(6): 723-728
A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的作用及其机制研究进展
全屏
刘太聪, 张海鸿*
作者信息
  • 兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030

    • 刘太聪，硕士研究生，主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤方面的研究

通讯作者:

张海鸿，E-mail：
Research progress of role and mechanism of A1/A2 reactive astrocyte activation in spinal cord injury
Tai-Cong Liu, Hai-Hong Zhang*
Affiliations
  • Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
出版时间: 2023-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种破坏性的神经病理状态，会导致严重的运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍。尽管SCI的治疗已经取得了不同程度的进展，但由于其病理分子机制仍不完全清楚，故尚未达到令人满意的治疗效果。近年来研究发现，SCI后星形胶质细胞可活化为A1、A2两种表型，A1表型的反应性星形胶质细胞发挥神经毒性作用，而A2表型的反应性星形胶质细胞具有神经保护作用。充分理解A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用及其活化机制，有望为SCI的治疗提供新思路。本文主要对A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用，调控A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化的信号通路，以及针对星形胶质细胞的SCI疗法进行综述。

脊髓损伤  /  A1/A2星形胶质细胞  /  治疗

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological and pathological condition that causes severe motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Although SCI has been treated with varying degrees of success, these treatments have not yet achieved satisfactory results because the pathological molecular mechanisms of SCI are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes can be activated into A1/A2 phenotypes after SCI. The A1 phenotype of reactive astrocytes plays a neurotoxic role, while the A2 phenotype of reactive astrocytes plays a neuroprotective role. A full understanding of the role and activation mechanism of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in SCI is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of SCI. This review focuses on the role of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in SCI, the signaling pathways that regulate the activation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes, and SCI therapy for astrocytes.

spinal cord injury  /  A1/A2 astrocytes  /  treatment
刘太聪, 张海鸿. A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的作用及其机制研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (6) : 723 -728 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723
Tai-Cong Liu, Hai-Hong Zhang. Research progress of role and mechanism of A1/A2 reactive astrocyte activation in spinal cord injury[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (6) : 723 -728 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723
正文
收起
脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury，SCI）是一种严重的中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）疾病，可导致损伤平面以下的感觉、运动和括约肌功能全部或部分丧失[1-2]，其高发病率及高致残率给社会造成了巨大的经济负担。在过去30年中，全球SCI患病率从每百万人口236例增加到1298例[3]。每例SCI患者的终生总治疗费用超过300万美元，同时SCI患者抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率为22%和27%[3-4]，对患者的心理健康造成严重损害。SCI的病理生理机制包括损伤部位神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞变性，以及缺血、氧化应激反应、炎症反应、细胞凋亡等一系列生物学过程引起的神经元和神经胶质细胞的继发性损伤[5]，其中星形胶质细胞在SCI中扮演着重要角色[6-7]。SCI后，急性细胞死亡或损伤会导致细胞源性和血液源性损伤相关分子模式（damage associated molecular patterns，DAMPs）、ATP的释放及氧化应激、兴奋性毒性失调，从而引起星形胶质细胞活化，使其在表型、基因表达、增殖方面发生一系列变化，如活化后的星形胶质细胞可表现出A1/A2的表型状态及不同的功能特征。已知病变附近的星形胶质细胞在CNS修复中发挥着有益或有害作用[8]。因此，星形胶质细胞是SCI后神经功能恢复的关键因素[6]，SCI的治疗不仅需要手术解除损伤部位的压迫，还应减轻星形胶质细胞引起的继发性损伤并发挥其对神经功能的保护作用。本文旨在阐明A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用及其活化机制，以期为SCI的治疗提供新思路。
1 星形胶质细胞的起源及生理作用
收起
1.1 起源
星形胶质细胞起源于胚胎神经管和前脑中的神经上皮祖细胞[9]。在小鼠胚胎发育第9天左右，神经上皮祖细胞转化为放射状胶质细胞，这是胚胎发育过程中神经元和大胶质细胞的主要祖细胞。放射状胶质细胞生成神经元后会发生“胶质转换”，并开始分化为星形胶质细胞或少突胶质前体细胞（oligodendrocyte precursor cells，OPC）。在此期间，大量分泌信号如成纤维细胞生长因子、骨形态发生蛋白和细胞因子共同作用，导致选择性星形胶质细胞和OPC的生成及特定区域分布[10]。不同区域分布的星形胶质细胞表现出包括但不限于细胞形态、功能及基因表达的异质性，如不同皮层的星形胶质细胞表现出形态异质性[11]，这突出了星形胶质细胞广泛的分子和功能多样性。
1.2 生理作用
星形胶质细胞是CNS中最重要的细胞之一[12]，也是CNS中分布最广泛的一类细胞，占哺乳动物CNS细胞的30%[13]。相邻的星形胶质细胞之间形成缝隙连接，不能产生电活动。星形胶质细胞与神经细胞和非神经细胞相互作用，包括神经元及其突触、少突胶质细胞、OPC、小胶质细胞、各种血管周围细胞、脑膜成纤维细胞、循环免疫细胞等[12，14-16]。在健康CNS组织中，星形胶质细胞维持细胞外液、离子和神经递质的稳态[17]，参与形成血脑屏障，调节CNS局部血流及免疫信号转导，为神经元提供营养和代谢支持[18]，并在突触发育、传递及可塑性中发挥重要作用[19]。此外，星形胶质细胞功能异常与多种神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症等[20-21]。
2 A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用
收起
最近转录组学分析定义了特定类型的CNS损伤诱导的反应性星形胶质细胞的不同表型。在脂多糖诱导的小鼠神经炎症模型和大脑中动脉闭塞小鼠模型中得到纯化的反应性星形胶质细胞，并对反应性星形胶质细胞的转录组学进行分析，确定了两种不同的反应性星形胶质细胞表型，分别称为A1和A2反应性星形胶质细胞[22]。SCI后出现A1和A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化表型，前者由活化小胶质细胞产生的白细胞介素-1α（interleukin-1α，IL-1α）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）和补体C1q诱导产生，单基因敲除实验证实，只有IL-1α、TNF-α和C1q共同存在时才可诱导其形成，而只有1或2个基因存在时小胶质细胞不会诱导其形成[23]。Kisucká等[24]发现，补体成分3（C3）在A1反应性星形胶质细胞中特异性升高，是一种有效的A1反应性星形胶质细胞检测标志物。而A2反应性星形胶质细胞由CNS缺血诱导产生，Liddelow等[13]证实S100钙结合蛋白A10（S100A10）是A2反应性星形胶质细胞的特异性标志物。相较A2表型，A1反应性星形胶质细胞诱导的突触数量少，功能弱[22]。A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中表现出不同的功能，进一步反映了反应性星形胶质细胞的异质性。Kisucká等[24]发现，SCI后1周A2反应性星形胶质细胞在病变部位被激活，而A1反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI后2周被激活，A2表型向A1表型的转化可能是SCI继发性损伤加重的原因，然而其具体机制尚不清楚。
2.1 A1反应性星形胶质细胞
SCI后星形胶质细胞A1表型的激活晚于A2表型[13，24]。Papa等[25]发现，A1反应性星形胶质细胞具有神经毒性作用，不利于SCI神经功能的恢复。体外使用静息和A1反应性星形胶质细胞培养纯化的视网膜神经节细胞，通过对突触前和突触后蛋白进行双重免疫染色来量化突触数量，结果显示，与静息星形胶质细胞培养相比，A1反应性星形胶质细胞培养的视网膜神经节细胞突触数量减少了50%；在视网膜神经节细胞与静息星形胶质细胞共同培养诱导突触形成后，加入A1反应性星形胶质细胞可使突触数量减少40%[23]，表明A1反应性星形胶质细胞可诱导突触数量减少并介导突触消除。Cong等[26]证实，A1反应性星形胶质细胞可上调多种经典补体级联基因（如C3等）的表达，这些基因被证实是在大脑发育和神经系统疾病中介导突触消除的重要介质，因此，A1反应性星形胶质细胞对突触的作用可能是通过这些补体基因的表达介导的。此外，A1反应性星形胶质细胞可分泌一种可溶性毒素，能迅速杀死一部分CNS神经元细胞和成熟的少突胶质细胞，但不会影响CNS其他细胞类型[6，27]，这可能解释了A1反应性星形胶质细胞神经毒性作用的部分机制。A1反应性星形胶质细胞还可释放促炎细胞因子如IL-1β、IL-1α、TNF-α，以及趋化因子如单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（monocyte chemotactic protein-1，MCP-1）等[28-29]，促进SCI后的炎症反应，导致神经功能进一步丧失。Vismara等[5]研究发现，负载咯利普兰的纳米凝胶可抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞释放促炎因子，并促进SCI神经功能的恢复。
2.2 A2反应性星形胶质细胞
A2表型是星形胶质细胞的另一种活化形式，相较A1表型，A2反应性星形胶质细胞具有神经保护作用[30]，有利于SCI神经功能的恢复。转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）是机体主要的免疫调节剂[31]，可限制机体炎症反应的进一步扩大，发挥抗炎作用。A2反应性星形胶质细胞可分泌TGF-β[32]，限制SCI后的炎症反应，阻止SCI加重。Su等[33]发现，A2反应性星形胶质细胞可促进SCI后突触形成和神经突生长，同时证实TGF-β是星形胶质细胞诱导突触形成的关键介质[34]。因此，TGF-β可能是A2反应性星形胶质细胞促进突触形成和神经突生长的机制之一。此外，A2反应性星形胶质细胞也可通过促进神经元存活和上调再生神经营养因子[如脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（glialcellline-derived neurotrophic factor，GDNF）等]的表达来发挥保护作用[6，35]。A2反应性星形胶质细胞特异性高表达S100A10，而S100A10对细胞增殖、膜修复、抑制细胞凋亡和血管形成至关重要[36]。总之，A2反应性星形胶质细胞对SCI后神经功能恢复是有益的。
3 A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞活化的信号通路
收起
3.1 NF-κB信号通路
NF-κB家族是进化上保守的转录因子家族，是多种细胞表面受体介导的常见下游靶标，已知NF-κB与IκB结合形成复合物，并存在于细胞质中，在细胞受刺激后IκB激酶（IκB kinase，IKK）诱导IκB蛋白磷酸化降解，使NF-κB二聚体进入细胞核并激活特定的靶基因[37]。SCI后星形胶质细胞中NF-κB通路被Toll样受体及其他受体激活，导致炎性因子释放[38]。Jin等[39]研究发现，一些慢性神经退行性疾病如弓形虫脑炎中A1反应性星形胶质细胞比例明显增加；体外研究结果显示，弓形虫体外排泄分泌抗原可诱导A1反应性星形胶质细胞活化，且阻断NF-κB通路可抑制弓形虫体外排泄分泌抗原诱导的A1反应性星形胶质细胞活化；同样，Lian等[40]研究证实，A1反应性星形胶质细胞中NF-κB信号通路被激活。以上结果表明，NF-κB通路可能是调节A1反应性星形胶质细胞活化的关键因素，抑制其激活可能是SCI的治疗靶点。
3.2 JAK-STAT信号通路
Janus激酶（Janus kinase，JAK）/信号转导子和转录激活子（signal transducer and activator of transcription，STAT）信号转导途径分别由酪氨酸激酶相关受体、酪氨酸激酶JAK及转录因子STAT组成，可被多种细胞因子及生长因子如IL-2、粒细胞/巨噬细胞细胞集落刺激因子、生长激素、表皮细胞生长因子（epidermal growth factor，EGF）、血小板衍生生长因子（platelet derived growth factor，PDGF）及干扰素等激活，从而将细胞外信号从细胞膜传递到细胞核，参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和免疫调节等多种生物学过程[41-42]。在SCI和神经退行性疾病中，STAT3通路在引起星形胶质细胞活化方面起着非常重要的作用[43]，是星形胶质细胞活化的关键分子。有研究体外应用氧葡萄糖剥夺模型诱导A2反应性星形胶质细胞，结果显示，STAT3通路在A2反应性星形胶质细胞中被激活，且抑制STAT3通路可减少A2反应性星形胶质细胞的活化[33]，表明STAT3可能调节A2反应性星形胶质细胞表型的转化。STAT3通路的激活有助于损伤修复和细胞存活。在启动子-增强子控制下选择性缺失蛋白信号（STAT3）或细胞因子信号3蛋白抑制子（SOCS3）的小鼠中发现，当STAT3通路被抑制时，会引起显著的炎性细胞浸润、神经系统疾病、脱髓鞘，以及严重的神经系统功能障碍。相反，STAT3通路激活时，A2反应性星形胶质细胞可迅速迁移到病灶并阻断炎性细胞，增加病灶区域组织的收缩，促进功能恢复[44]。因此STAT3是反应性星形胶质细胞的关键调节因子，这为SCI的治疗提供了潜在的干预靶点。
3.3 PI3K/Akt信号通路
PI3K/Akt信号通路由磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases，PI3K）及其下游分子丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）组成。PI3K根据其结构和底物特异性可分为3个亚型：Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类。目前研究最广泛的是Ⅰ类PI3K，其可被细胞表面受体直接激活。Akt作为PI3K信号通路下游的主要分子，包括Akt1、Akt2和Akt33个亚型，分别由PKBα、PKBβ和PKBγ编码。Akt1在组织中广泛表达，Akt2主要在胰岛素敏感组织中表达，Akt3仅在脑和睾丸中表达。PI3K/Akt信号通路参与细胞的增殖、存活、转录、翻译和生长等多种生物学过程[45-46]。Xu等[47]研究发现，PI3K/Akt信号通路参与了A2反应性星形胶质细胞的活化，在体外诱导A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞，当PI3K/Akt通路被抑制时，A2反应性星形胶质细胞数量明显减少。Li等[48]的研究发现，当PI3K/Akt通路下调时，慢性术后疼痛模型脊髓中星形胶质细胞向A1表型转化。因此，PI3K/Akt通路的激活有助于星形胶质细胞向A2表型转化，靶向激活该通路可能是SCI治疗有希望的靶点。
4 针对星形胶质细胞的SCI疗法
收起
4.1 抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的产生
由于A1反应性星形胶质细胞具有神经毒性作用，抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞可能是SCI治疗的靶点[47]。Vismara等[5]通过纳米凝胶结构将可抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的抗炎药物注入脊髓损伤部位，发现损伤部位A1反应性星形胶质细胞的激活受到抑制，神经功能得到恢复。间充质干细胞移植被认为是SCI的有效治疗策略[49]。Liu等[50]研究发现，间充质干细胞移植后释放的外泌体可通过抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的活化来改善SCI后的神经功能恢复。因此，深入研究SCI后A1反应性星形胶质细胞的活化机制对SCI的治疗具有重要意义。Liddelow等[13]发现，SCI后A1反应性星形胶质细胞中NF-κB信号通路被激活，当该通路被抑制时，A1反应性星形胶质细胞的活化也受到抑制，揭示了NF-κB通路在A1反应性星形胶质细胞活化中的作用。星形胶质细胞是神经元的关键营养支持者，大多数脑糖原存储在星形胶质细胞中，糖原分解激活也称为糖原动员，对于维持大脑的生理功能非常重要[51]。Guo等[52]研究发现，SCI后的糖原动员可通过磷酸戊糖途径（pentose phosphate pathway，PPP）增加NADPH和谷胱甘肽的产生，并降低再灌注过程中的活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平，由ROS水平降低引起NF-κB抑制可进一步抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的产生，从而有利于神经功能恢复。通过调节糖原动员抑制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的产生可能是SCI新的治疗靶点。
4.2 星形胶质细胞移植
由于星形胶质细胞在CNS中的重要作用，导致人们对通过星形胶质细胞移植治疗SCI的兴趣日益增加。Joosten等[53]通过Ι型胶原蛋白将未成熟的星形胶质细胞移植到大鼠脊髓损伤部位，改善了大鼠的神经功能。Becerra-Calixto等[54]建立了雄性Wistar白化鼠大脑缺血灌注损伤模型，并在建模后移植大脑皮质来源的星形胶质细胞，结果显示，与对照组相比，实验组雄性Wistar白化鼠在星形胶质细胞移植后可促进缺血性大脑中BDNF的释放、内皮黏附、神经血管单元完整性及脑功能的恢复。然而，移植星形胶质细胞的细胞来源仍是目前亟需解决的问题，在过去的30年，星形胶质细胞主要从未成熟的CNS组织中分离获得，但该方法提取的星形胶质细胞在体外较短时间内就表现出抑制性作用[55]。近年来，Li等[56]成功利用诱导性多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSC）获取了星形胶质细胞，并将其移植到小鼠脊髓损伤部位，使神经功能得到显著恢复。由此可见，星形胶质细胞移植治疗SCI充满了希望与挑战。
4.3 星形胶质细胞的基因疗法
随着基因工程技术的发展，通过基因层面改变星形胶质细胞的生物学活性已经成为现实。转录因子CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白δ（transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta，C/EBPδ）可调节炎性因子的表达[57]。Wang等[58]研究发现，C/EBPδ在活化的星形胶质细胞中表达，与对照组小鼠相比，C/EBPδ缺失小鼠在SCI后28 d形成的胶质瘢痕减少，运动功能也得到改善；该研究还发现C/EBPδ可调节星形胶质细胞向脊髓损伤部位移动，这可能是C/EBPδ调节神经胶质瘢痕形成的机制之一。C/EBPδ可调节胶质瘢痕的形成，这可能是SCI治疗的新思路。通过基因工程技术，干预调节星形胶质细胞增殖及活性的相关基因，使星形胶质细胞在SCI后发挥有益作用，可能是未来SCI治疗的方向之一。
5 总结与展望
收起
本文阐述了A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用、机制及针对星形胶质细胞的SCI疗法。SCI后A1反应性星形胶质细胞发挥神经毒性作用，A2反应性星形胶质细胞发挥保护作用，通过调节使A1型反应性星形胶质细胞转化为A2型可能是SCI的治疗靶点。热休克转录因子1（heat shock transcription factor 1，HSF1）在调控细胞凋亡和控制炎症反应方面发挥重要作用。Li等[59]研究发现，HSF1可通过抑制NF-κB和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）信号通路减少SCI后星形胶质细胞向A1表型的转化，揭示了SCI后反应性星形胶质细胞A1/A2表型转换的新机制。微小核糖核酸（miRNA）是一类小的非编码核糖核酸，在转录后调节基因的表达，并在各种类型的生物学过程中发挥重要作用[60]。Su等[33]研究发现，miR-21是调节反应性星形胶质细胞极化的开关，可将A1表型转化为A2表型，从而改善SCI后神经功能的恢复。该结果表明miRNA在调控A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞转化中发挥着重要作用，未来应深入研究miRNA的作用及机制，有望为SCI的治疗提供新方向。聚合物纳米颗粒是近年来的研究热点之一，在药物递送、提高药物选择性和控制释放方面具有明显优势。通过聚合物纳米颗粒将抗炎药递送到星形胶质细胞中可调节A1反应性星形胶质细胞，限制A1反应性星形胶质细胞的神经毒性作用[5]，因此纳米载体工具也是未来研究的方向之一。此外，NF-κB、PI3K/Akt、JAK-STAT等信号通路在调控A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞中也扮演了重要角色，开发特异性高、副作用小的通路激活剂或抑制剂，可为SCI的治疗带来新的希望。值得注意的是，目前大多数关于A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞的研究都是基于细胞或动物实验，为了更好地理解其在SCI中的作用机制，迫切需要进行临床试验，并开发基于A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞的SCI临床疗法。总之，SCI的治疗充满希望与挑战，深入了解A1/A2反应性星形胶质细胞在SCI中的作用及机制，可能为SCI的治疗提供新思路。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金(31960175)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
Hu XC, Lu YB, Yang YN, et al. Progress in clinical trials of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury: how many questions remain unanswered? [J]. Neural Regen Res, 2021, 16（3）: 405-413.
[2]
Yi LR, Tan BT, Liu Y, et al. Effect of combined activation of mTOR and STAT signaling pathways on axon regeneration and motor function in mice with spinal cord injury [J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2022, 47（1）: 12-19.
[易凌荣, 谭波涛, 刘媛, 等. 联合激活mTOR和STAT信号通路对脊髓损伤小鼠轴突再生及运动功能的影响[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2022, 47（1）: 12-19.]
[3]
Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, et al. Spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21（20）: 7533.
[4]
Zürcher C, Tough H, Fekete C, et al. Mental health in individuals with spinal cord injury: The role of socioeconomic conditions and social relationships [J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14（2）: e0206069.
[5]
Vismara I, Papa S, Veneruso V, et al. Selective modulation of A1 astrocytes by drug-loaded nano-structured gel in spinal cord injury [J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14（1）: 360-371.
[6]
Li X, Li M, Tian L, et al. Reactive astrogliosis: Implications in spinal cord injury progression and therapy [J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020: 9494352.
[7]
Xu WY, Wang YY, Zhang H, et al. Effect of TRB3 silencing on spinal astrocytes injury induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in rats [J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2021, 46（9）: 883-891.
[徐汪洋, 王业杨, 张辉, 等. TRB3沉默对氧糖剥夺/再灌注诱导的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞损伤的影响[J].解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46（9）: 883-891.]
[8]
Bradbury EJ, Burnside ER. Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10（1）: 3879.
[9]
Villarreal A, Vogel T. Different flavors of astrocytes: Revising the origins of astrocyte diversity and epigenetic signatures to understand heterogeneity after injury [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22（13）: 6867.
[10]
Zuchero JB, Barres BA. Glia in mammalian development and disease [J]. Development, 2015, 142（22）: 3805-3809.
[11]
Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ. The role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation [J]. Trends Immunol, 2020, 41（9）: 805-819.
[12]
Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of astroglia [J]. Physiol Rev, 2018, 98（1）: 239-389.
[13]
Liddelow SA, Barres BA. Reactive astrocytes: Production, function, and therapeutic potential [J]. Immunity, 2017, 46（6）: 957-967.
[14]
Sofroniew MV. Astrocyte reactivity: Subtypes, states, and functions in CNS innate immunity [J]. Trends Immunol, 2020, 41（9）: 758-770.
[15]
Kwon HS, Koh SH. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: The roles of microglia and astrocytes [J]. Transl Neurodegener, 2020, 9（1）: 42.
[16]
Morita M, Ikeshima-Kataoka H, Kreft M, et al. Metabolic plasticity of astrocytes and aging of the brain [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20（4）: 941.
[17]
Katoozi S, Skauli N, Zahl S, et al. Uncoupling of the astrocyte syncytium differentially affects AQP4 isoforms [J]. Cells, 2020, 9（2）: 382.
[18]
Santello M, Toni N, Volterra A. Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2019, 22（2）: 154-166.
[19]
Zhou Z, Okamoto K, Onodera J, et al. Astrocytic cAMP modulates memory via synaptic plasticity [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118（3）: e2016584118.
[20]
Xie Z, Yang Q, Song D, et al. Optogenetic manipulation of astrocytes from synapses to neuronal networks: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Glia, 2020, 68（2）: 215-226.
[21]
Trujillo-Estrada L, Gomez-Arboledas A, Forner S, et al.Astrocytes: From the physiology to the disease [J]. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2019, 16（8）: 675-698.
[22]
Boghdadi AG, Teo L, Bourne JA. The neuroprotective role of reactive astrocytes after central nervous system injury [J]. J Neurotrauma, 2020, 37（5）: 681-691.
[23]
Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia [J]. Nature, 2017, 541（7638）: 481-487.
[24]
Kisucká A, Bimbová K, Bačová M, et al. Activation of neuroprotective microglia and astrocytes at the lesion site and in the adjacent segments is crucial for spontaneous locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Cells, 2021, 10（8）: 1943.
[25]
Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, et al. Functionalized nanogel for treating activated astrocytes in spinal cord injury [J]. J Control Release, 2021, 330: 218-228.
[26]
Cong Q, Soteros BM, Wollet M, et al. The endogenous neuronal complement inhibitor SRPX2 protects against complement-mediated synapse elimination during development [J]. Nat Neurosci, 2020, 23（9）: 1067-1078.
[27]
Hinkle JT, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. The A1 astrocyte paradigm: New avenues for pharmacological intervention in neurodegeneration [J]. Mov Disord, 2019, 34（7）: 959-969.
[28]
Gajtko A, Bakk E, Hegedus K, et al. IL-1beta induced cytokine expression by spinal astrocytes can play a role in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain [J]. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 543331.
[29]
Li T, Chen X, Zhang C, et al. An update on reactive astrocytes in chronic pain [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2019, 16（1）: 140.
[30]
Sofroniew MV, Vinters HV. Astrocytes: Biology and pathology [J]. Acta Neuropathol, 2010, 119（1）: 7-35.
[31]
Larson C, Oronsky B, Carter CA, et al. TGF-beta: A master immune regulator [J]. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2020, 24（5）: 427-438.
[32]
Zhang J, Zhang L, Yi S, et al. Mouse astrocytes promote microglial ramification by releasing TGF-beta and forming glial fibers [J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14: 195.
[33]
Su Y, Chen Z, Du H, et al. Silencing miR-21 induces polarization of astrocytes to the A2 phenotype and improves the formation of synapses by targeting glypican 6 via the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway after acute ischemic spinal cord injury [J]. FASEB J, 2019, 33（10）: 10859-10871.
[34]
Diniz LP, Matias IC, Garcia MN, et al. Astrocytic control of neural circuit formation: Highlights on TGF-beta signaling [J].Neurochem Int, 2014, 78: 18-27.
[35]
Zamanian JL, Xu L, Foo LC, et al. Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis [J]. J Neurosci, 2012, 32（18）: 6391-6410.
[36]
Xiao Y, Zhao H, Tian L, et al. S100A10 is a critical mediator of GAS6/AXL-induced angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma [J].Cancer Res, 2019, 79（22）: 5758-5768.
[37]
Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, et al. Targeting NF-kappaB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 5（1）: 209.
[38]
Chen J, Wang Z, Zheng Z, et al. Neuron and microglia/macrophage-derived FGF10 activate neuronal FGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibit microglia/macrophages TLR4/NF-kappaB-dependent neuroinflammation to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Cell Death Dis, 2017, 8（10）: e3090.
[39]
Jin Y, Yao Y, El-Ashram S, et al. The neurotropic parasite toxoplasma gondii induces astrocyte polarization through NFkappaB pathway [J]. Front Med（Lausanne）, 2019, 6: 267.
[40]
Lian H, Yang L, Cole A, et al. NFkappaB-activated astroglial release of complement C3 compromises neuronal morphology and function associated with Alzheimer's disease [J]. Neuron, 2015, 85（1）: 101-115.
[41]
Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, et al. JAK/STAT cytokine signaling at the crossroad of NK cell development and maturation [J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 2590.
[42]
Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT signaling: A double-edged sword of immune regulation and cancer progression [J]. Cancers（Basel）, 2019, 11（12）: 2002.
[43]
Henrik Heiland D, Ravi VM, Behringer SP, et al. Tumor-associated reactive astrocytes aid the evolution of immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10（1）: 2541.
[44]
Okada S, Nakamura M, Katoh H, et al. Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury [J]. Nat Med, 2006, 12（7）: 829-834.
[45]
Xu F, Na L, Li Y, et al. Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours [J]. Cell Biosci, 2020, 10（1）: 54.
[46]
Sreenivasulu K, Nandeesha H, Dorairajan LN, et al. Over expression of PI3K-Akt reduces apoptosis and increases prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia [J]. Aging Male, 2020, 23（5）: 440-446.
[47]
Xu X, Zhang A, Zhu Y, et al. MFG-E8 reverses microglial-induced neurotoxic astrocyte（A1）via NF-kappaB and PI3K-Akt pathways [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 234（1）: 904-914.
[48]
Li T, Liu T, Chen X, et al. Microglia induce the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt pathway in chronic post-surgical pain [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17（1）: 211.
[49]
Liu WZ, Ma ZJ, Li JR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges for spinal cord injury [J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2021, 12（1）: 102.
[50]
Liu W, Wang Y, Gong F, et al. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes [J]. J Neurotrauma, 2019, 36（3）: 469-484.
[51]
Oe Y, Akther S, Hirase H. Regional distribution of glycogen in the mouse brain visualized by immunohistochemistry [J]. Adv Neurobiol, 2019, 23: 147-168.
[52]
Guo H, Fan Z, Wang S, et al. Astrocytic A1/A2 paradigm participates in glycogen mobilization mediated neuroprotection on reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2021, 18（1）: 230.
[53]
Joosten EAJ, Veldhuis WB, Hamers FPT. Collagen containing neonatal astrocytes stimulates regrowth of injured fibers and promotes modest locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury [J].J Neurosci Res, 2004, 77（1）: 127-142.
[54]
Becerra-Calixto A, Posada-Duque R, Cardona-Gómez GP. Recovery of neurovascular unit integrity by CDK5-KD astrocyte transplantation in a global cerebral ischemia model [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 55（11）: 8563-8585.
[55]
Noble M, Davies JE, Mayer-Proschel M, et al. Precursor cell biology and the development of astrocyte transplantation therapies: Lessons from spinal cord injury [J]. Neurotherapeutics, 2011, 8（4）: 677-693.
[56]
Li K, Javed E, Scura D, et al. Human iPS cell-derived astrocyte transplants preserve respiratory function after spinal cord injury [J]. Exp Neurol, 2015, 271: 479-492.
[57]
Sowamber R, Chehade R, Bitar M, et al. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta（C/EBPdelta）demonstrates a dichotomous role in tumour initiation and promotion of epithelial carcinoma [J]. EBioMedicine, 2019, 44: 261-274.
[58]
Wang SM, Hsu JC, Ko CY, et al. Astrocytic CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta contributes to glial scar formation and impairs functional recovery after spinal cord injury [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2016, 53（9）: 5912-5927.
[59]
Li L, Li Y, He B, et al. HSF1 is involved in suppressing A1 phenotype conversion of astrocytes following spinal cord injury in rats [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2021, 18（1）: 205.
[60]
Jones KJ, Searles CD. Development of microRNA-based therapeutics for vascular disease [J]. Circ Res, 2020, 127（9）: 1179-1181.
2023年第48卷第6期
PDF下载
401
173
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723
  • 接收时间：2021-10-19
  • 首发时间：2025-12-03
  • 出版时间：2023-06-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2021-10-19
  • 录用日期：2022-05-04
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960175)
国家自然科学基金(31960175)
作者信息
    兰州大学第二医院骨科，甘肃兰州 730030

通讯作者:

张海鸿，E-mail：
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2023.06.0723
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持