Article(id=1202979641582645935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1202979639087030850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1618.2023.0103, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1658937600000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1663344000000, acceptedDateStr=2022-09-17, onlineDate=1764742296834, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1690473600000, pubDateStr=2023-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764742296834, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764742296834, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764742296834, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202979639087030850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='7', pageStart='749', pageEnd='870', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764742296239, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764742346610, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202979850442203282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1202979639087030850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202979850442203283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1202979639087030850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=776, endPage=783, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202979641880441523, articleId=1202979641582645935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of IL-18BP in relieving cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the role of interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in alleviating cognitive dysfunction of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats and the related mechanisms. Methods A total of 120 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (30 each): sham group, TBI group, TBI+IL-18BP group (administered 1.5 mg/kg IL-18BP by tail vein), and TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 group (administered 1.5 mg/kg IL-18BP by tail vein, and 20 mg/kg ADU-S100 by intraperitoneal injection). The rat model of TBI was established using the free falling body method. At 30 d after modeling, cognitive function of rats was measured by Morris water maze test. The serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP were detected by ELISA. The integrated fluorescence intensity of GFAP, IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3 in hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. The relative expression levels of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), TBK1, phosphorylated interferon regulating factor 3 (p-IRF3), and IRF3 in hippocampus were detected using Western blotting. Results Compared with sham group, rats in TBI, TBI+IL-18BP and TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 groups had longer escape latency and decreased times of crossing the platform and reduced time of acting in the targeted quadrant (P<0.0001), with increased concentration of IL-18 and IL-18BP in the blood, enhanced fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, up-regulated expression levels of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in the hippocampus (P<0.05); Compared with TBI group, the escape latency was shortened, the times of crossing platform and the percentage of target quadrant activity time were increased in TBI+IL-18BP group (P<0.001), the concentration of serum IL-18 decreased while of serum IL-18BP increased, and the fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, the expressions of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in the hippocampus were down-regulated significantly in TBI+IL-18BP group (P<0.05); Compared with TBI+IL-18BP group, the latency was significantly prolonged, the platform crossing times remarkably reduced, the time spent in the target quadrant was considerably shortened, the concentration of serum IL-18 increased while of IL-18BP decreased, the fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, the expression levels of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in hippocampus were increased in TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 group (P<0.05). Conclusion IL-18BP can improve the cognitive function of TBI rats to some extent, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of astrocytes apoptosis and STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Lin Chang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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目的 探究IL-18结合蛋白(IL-18BP)在创伤性脑损伤(TBI)大鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及其机制。方法 120只健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组(经尾静脉注射IL-18BP 1.5 mg/kg)与TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组(经尾静脉注射IL-18BP 1.5 mg/kg,经腹腔注射ADU-S100 20 mg/kg),每组30只。应用自由落体法建立TBI模型,造模后30 d行水迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能,ELISA法检测大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度,免疫荧光染色检测海马区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度,Western blotting检测大鼠海马区干扰素基因刺激蛋白(STING)、磷酸化TANK结合激酶1(p-TBK1)、TBK1、磷酸化干扰素调节因子3(p-IRF3)、IRF3蛋白相对表达量。结果 与假手术组比较,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组和TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠逃逸潜伏期明显延长,穿越平台次数减少,目标象限活动时间百分比降低(P<0.0001),血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度升高,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显增强,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显上调(P<0.05);与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠逃逸潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,目标象限活动时间百分比增高(P<0.0001),血清IL-18浓度降低,IL-18BP浓度升高,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显减弱,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显下调(P<0.05);与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠逃逸潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,目标象限活动时间百分比降低(P<0.0001),血清IL-18浓度升高,IL-18BP浓度降低,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度增强,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 IL-18BP可改善TBI大鼠的认知功能,其机制可能与抑制星形胶质细胞凋亡及抑制STING/TBK1/IRF3信号通路激活有关。

, correspAuthors=常玉林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
常玉林,E-mail:
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李妍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事围手术期神经功能损伤方面的研究

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李妍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事围手术期神经功能损伤方面的研究

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李妍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事围手术期神经功能损伤方面的研究

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Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1): 427., articleTitle=Signalling strength determines proapoptotic functions of STING, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203005081034646478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, awardId=20220360, language=EN, fundingSource=Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Province(20220360), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1203005081105949653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, awardId=20220360, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省医学科学研究课题(20220360), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203005077263966936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203005077272355545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, companyId=1203005077263966936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203005077280744154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, companyId=1203005077263966936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1沧州市中心医院麻醉科,河北沧州 061000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1203005077339464414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203005077347853023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, companyId=1203005077339464414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Sport Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203005077352047328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, companyId=1203005077339464414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2沧州市中心医院运动医学科,河北沧州 061000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203005080065762185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Immunofluorescence images of GFAP, IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3 in CA1 of hippocampus 30 days after operation (n=6), figureFileSmall=QSClqdhv/n9ZJ9BX/k06hg==, figureFileBig=DvJA3J6cb1LD+4+qLsT57A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203005080191591313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组大鼠术后30 d海马CA1区GFAP、IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3免疫荧光染色(n=6)

蓝色示DAPI阳性,红色示GFAP阳性,绿色示IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3阳性;TBI. 创伤性脑损伤;IL-18BP. IL-18结合蛋白;ADU-S100. STING激动剂;IL-18. 白细胞介素-18;GFAP. 胶质纤维酸性蛋白;A. 各组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18免疫荧光染色;B. 各组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞cleaved-caspase-3免疫荧光染色;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与TBI组比较,(2)P<0.05;与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=QSClqdhv/n9ZJ9BX/k06hg==, figureFileBig=DvJA3J6cb1LD+4+qLsT57A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203005080321614748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Protein expressions of STING, TBK1, p-TBK1, IRF3 and p-IRF3 in hippocampus of each group of rats 30 days after operation(n=6), figureFileSmall=9xBqxjjXBhRQggSMDfqDUA==, figureFileBig=pgatwhBs8R1tuzeQgTT/Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203005080422278047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠术后30 d海马组织中STING、TBK1、p-TBK1、IRF3、p-IRF3蛋白表达情况(n=6)

TBI. 创伤性脑损伤;IL-18BP. IL-18结合蛋白;ADU-S100. STING激动剂;STING. 干扰素基因刺激蛋白;TBK1. TANK结合激酶1;p-TBK1. 磷酸化TANK结合激酶1;IRF3. 干扰素调节因子3;p-IRF3. 磷酸化干扰素调节因子3;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与TBI组比较,(2)P<0.05;与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=9xBqxjjXBhRQggSMDfqDUA==, figureFileBig=pgatwhBs8R1tuzeQgTT/Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203005080522941352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison of Morris water maze test results in rats of each group ($\bar{x}±s$, n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别逃逸潜伏期(s)穿越平台次数(次)目标象限活动时间百分比(%)
第1天第2天第3天第4天
假手术组89.25±1.1462.59±4.5435.00±4.0913.75±3.025.25±0.9736.25±3.62
TBI组88.83±1.5361.33±4.0156.67±2.10(1)34.08±3.99(1)0.67±0.65(1)14.00±2.13(1)
TBI+IL-18BP组89.00±1.2158.50±3.9943.25±3.42(1)(2)22.92±2.64(1)(2)3.50±1.00(1)(2)22.50±2.81(1)(2)
TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组89.00±1.2161.67±4.6054.92±3.85(1)(3)36.08±4.93(1)(3)0.92±0.79(1)(3)13.92±2.31(1)(3)
F21.9377.20171.90   
P<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001   
), ArticleFig(id=1203005080627798955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠水迷宫实验结果比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别逃逸潜伏期(s)穿越平台次数(次)目标象限活动时间百分比(%)
第1天第2天第3天第4天
假手术组89.25±1.1462.59±4.5435.00±4.0913.75±3.025.25±0.9736.25±3.62
TBI组88.83±1.5361.33±4.0156.67±2.10(1)34.08±3.99(1)0.67±0.65(1)14.00±2.13(1)
TBI+IL-18BP组89.00±1.2158.50±3.9943.25±3.42(1)(2)22.92±2.64(1)(2)3.50±1.00(1)(2)22.50±2.81(1)(2)
TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组89.00±1.2161.67±4.6054.92±3.85(1)(3)36.08±4.93(1)(3)0.92±0.79(1)(3)13.92±2.31(1)(3)
F21.9377.20171.90   
P<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001   
), ArticleFig(id=1203005080720073651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of serum concentration of IL-18 and IL-18BP in rats 30 days after operation ($\bar{x}±s$, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-18(pg/ml)IL-18BP(ng/ml)
假手术组101.00±8.922.83±0.78
TBI组226.70±31.50(1)13.33±1.37(1)
TBI+IL-18BP组141.70±15.24(1)(2)24.90±2.40(1)(2)
TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组192.70±20.76(1)(3)14.42±2.09(1)(3)
F42.45154.60
P<0.0001<0.0001
), ArticleFig(id=1203005080824931261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1202979641582645935, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠术后30 d血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度比较($\bar{x}±s$,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-18(pg/ml)IL-18BP(ng/ml)
假手术组101.00±8.922.83±0.78
TBI组226.70±31.50(1)13.33±1.37(1)
TBI+IL-18BP组141.70±15.24(1)(2)24.90±2.40(1)(2)
TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组192.70±20.76(1)(3)14.42±2.09(1)(3)
F42.45154.60
P<0.0001<0.0001
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IL-18结合蛋白在创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及其机制
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李妍 1 , 齐曼曼 1 , 缴宝杰 1 , 李春雷 1 , 王春雷 2 , 常玉林 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(7): 776-783
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(7): 776-783
IL-18结合蛋白在创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及其机制
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李妍1, 齐曼曼1, 缴宝杰1, 李春雷1, 王春雷2, 常玉林1, *
作者信息
  • 1沧州市中心医院麻醉科,河北沧州 061000
  • 2沧州市中心医院运动医学科,河北沧州 061000
  • 李妍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事围手术期神经功能损伤方面的研究

通讯作者:

常玉林,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of IL-18BP in relieving cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury
Yan Li1, Man-Man Qi1, Bao-Jie Jiao1, Chun-Lei Li1, Chun-Lei Wang2, Yu-Lin Chang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
  • 2Department of Sport Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
出版时间: 2023-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1618.2023.0103
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目的 探究IL-18结合蛋白(IL-18BP)在创伤性脑损伤(TBI)大鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及其机制。方法 120只健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组(经尾静脉注射IL-18BP 1.5 mg/kg)与TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组(经尾静脉注射IL-18BP 1.5 mg/kg,经腹腔注射ADU-S100 20 mg/kg),每组30只。应用自由落体法建立TBI模型,造模后30 d行水迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能,ELISA法检测大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度,免疫荧光染色检测海马区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度,Western blotting检测大鼠海马区干扰素基因刺激蛋白(STING)、磷酸化TANK结合激酶1(p-TBK1)、TBK1、磷酸化干扰素调节因子3(p-IRF3)、IRF3蛋白相对表达量。结果 与假手术组比较,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组和TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠逃逸潜伏期明显延长,穿越平台次数减少,目标象限活动时间百分比降低(P<0.0001),血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度升高,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显增强,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显上调(P<0.05);与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠逃逸潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,目标象限活动时间百分比增高(P<0.0001),血清IL-18浓度降低,IL-18BP浓度升高,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显减弱,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显下调(P<0.05);与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠逃逸潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,目标象限活动时间百分比降低(P<0.0001),血清IL-18浓度升高,IL-18BP浓度降低,海马区IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度增强,STING、p-TBK1、p-IRF3表达明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 IL-18BP可改善TBI大鼠的认知功能,其机制可能与抑制星形胶质细胞凋亡及抑制STING/TBK1/IRF3信号通路激活有关。

IL-18结合蛋白  /  认知功能  /  星形胶质细胞  /  细胞凋亡  /  干扰素基因刺激蛋白

Objective To explore the role of interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in alleviating cognitive dysfunction of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats and the related mechanisms. Methods A total of 120 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (30 each): sham group, TBI group, TBI+IL-18BP group (administered 1.5 mg/kg IL-18BP by tail vein), and TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 group (administered 1.5 mg/kg IL-18BP by tail vein, and 20 mg/kg ADU-S100 by intraperitoneal injection). The rat model of TBI was established using the free falling body method. At 30 d after modeling, cognitive function of rats was measured by Morris water maze test. The serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP were detected by ELISA. The integrated fluorescence intensity of GFAP, IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3 in hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. The relative expression levels of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), TBK1, phosphorylated interferon regulating factor 3 (p-IRF3), and IRF3 in hippocampus were detected using Western blotting. Results Compared with sham group, rats in TBI, TBI+IL-18BP and TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 groups had longer escape latency and decreased times of crossing the platform and reduced time of acting in the targeted quadrant (P<0.0001), with increased concentration of IL-18 and IL-18BP in the blood, enhanced fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, up-regulated expression levels of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in the hippocampus (P<0.05); Compared with TBI group, the escape latency was shortened, the times of crossing platform and the percentage of target quadrant activity time were increased in TBI+IL-18BP group (P<0.001), the concentration of serum IL-18 decreased while of serum IL-18BP increased, and the fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, the expressions of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in the hippocampus were down-regulated significantly in TBI+IL-18BP group (P<0.05); Compared with TBI+IL-18BP group, the latency was significantly prolonged, the platform crossing times remarkably reduced, the time spent in the target quadrant was considerably shortened, the concentration of serum IL-18 increased while of IL-18BP decreased, the fluorescence intensity of IL-18 and cleaved-caspase-3, the expression levels of STING, p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in hippocampus were increased in TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100 group (P<0.05). Conclusion IL-18BP can improve the cognitive function of TBI rats to some extent, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of astrocytes apoptosis and STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.

interleukin-18 binding protein  /  cognitive function  /  astrocyte  /  apoptosis  /  stimulator of interferon genes
李妍, 齐曼曼, 缴宝杰, 李春雷, 王春雷, 常玉林. IL-18结合蛋白在创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠认知功能障碍中的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (7) : 776 -783 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1618.2023.0103
Yan Li, Man-Man Qi, Bao-Jie Jiao, Chun-Lei Li, Chun-Lei Wang, Yu-Lin Chang. Effect and mechanism of IL-18BP in relieving cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (7) : 776 -783 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1618.2023.0103
创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)为暴力打击等因素导致的局灶性损伤、颅内出血、脑水肿、脑缺血等,是全球范围内造成死亡和残疾的主要原因之一[1]。创伤幸存者常伴有不同程度的、持续时间较长的认知功能障碍,主要表现为学习、记忆能力下降[2-3]。术后认知功能障碍(post-operative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)是指麻醉手术后患者存在记忆力、抽象思维、定向力障碍,并伴有人格、社交能力的改变[4],具有造成患者康复延迟、并发症增多、住院时间延长及医疗费用增加的风险。因此,寻找POCD的防治方法、改善术后认知康复尤为重要。TBI可引发原发性损伤和继发性损伤,其中继发性损伤由线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、脂质过氧化、神经炎症、轴突变性和细胞凋亡等因素导致[5-6]。星形胶质细胞在TBI的发病机制中有利有弊,如促进或限制神经发生和突触发生,加速或抑制神经炎症,以及通过多种生物活性因子破坏或修复血脑屏障等[7-9]。在脑外伤患者和实验动物模型中,星形胶质细胞的激活和星形胶质细胞源性因子均有所增加[710]。因此,星形胶质细胞可能成为治疗TBI的新靶点。本研究通过建立TBI大鼠模型,探讨脑损伤对大鼠远期空间记忆能力的影响及其与海马区星形胶质细胞的关系,以期为临床治疗提供依据。
SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠120只,8~9周龄,体重350~400 g,由辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司提供[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001]。动物饲养温度20~25 ℃,相对湿度50%~65%,12 h光照、12 h黑暗昼夜交替。本研究经沧州市中心医院动物评审委员会批准[2021-072-02(z)],实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物管理和使用的规定。
IL-18结合蛋白(interleukin-18 binding protein,IL-18BP;HY-P7211)、干扰素基因刺激蛋白(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)激动剂ADU-S100(HY-12885A,美国MCE公司);Western及IP细胞裂解液(P0013)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)鼠抗单克隆抗体(AF0156)、IL-18兔抗多克隆抗体(AF7266,上海Beyotime有限公司);cleaved-caspase-3兔抗多克隆抗体(9661T,美国CST生命科学公司);NF-κB激活蛋白(NF-κB activating kinase,NAK)/TANK结合激酶1(TANK-binding kinase 1,TBK1)兔抗单克隆抗体(ab40676)、磷酸化NAK/TBK1兔抗单克隆抗体(ab109272)、STING兔抗单克隆抗体(ab179775)、磷酸化干扰素调节因子3(phosphorylated interferon regulating factor 3,p-IRF3)兔抗多克隆抗体(ab138449)、干扰素调节因子3(interferon regulatory factor 3,IRF3)兔抗多克隆抗体(ab238521,英国Abcam公司);山羊抗兔IgG二抗(BA1054,武汉博士德生物制剂有限公司);大鼠IL-18 ELISA试剂盒(EK0592,武汉博士德生物工程有限公司);大鼠IL-18BP ELISA试剂盒(SH-Q5989,上海舒话生物科技有限公司)。小动物麻醉机(上海玉妍科学仪器有限公司);水迷宫(上海欣软信息科技有限公司);Western blotting电泳槽、转膜槽(上海Beyotime有限公司)。
将120只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术组、TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组、TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组,每组30只。按照文献[10]的方法制备TBI模型。大鼠麻醉后固定于装有加温装置的操作台上,将头部固定后消毒头颅皮肤,沿正中切开皮肤,剥离骨膜,暴露右顶骨。用牙科钻在前囟点(双眼连线与双耳连线前1/3)后3.5 mm、中线右侧2.5 mm处钻一直径为6 mm的骨窗,用20 g砝码于25 cm高度坠落致颅脑损伤。假手术组大鼠只开骨窗,不予打击即进行缝合。造模结束后,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠立即经尾静脉注射IL-18BP(1.5 mg/kg),TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠经尾静脉注射IL-18BP(1.5 mg/kg)后腹腔注射ADU-S100(20 mg/kg)[11]
术后第30天,对大鼠进行水迷宫实验。实验第1~4天,将平台置于水下1 cm处,随机从第一、二、三、四象限4个起始位置将大鼠(每组12只)头朝池壁放入水中。记录大鼠找到水下平台的时间(s),若大鼠在90 s内找不到平台,则引导大鼠到平台并停留30 s。第5天,撤掉平台进行实验,将大鼠自第二象限位置放入水中,让大鼠在水中自由游泳90 s。记录实验第1~4天大鼠的逃逸潜伏期、第5天90 s内大鼠的穿越平台次数和目标象限(第二象限)活动时间百分比。
术后第30天,各组取6只大鼠,迅速打开大鼠胸腔,暴露心脏。从左心室取动脉血1.0 ml,离心取血清,参照IL-18、IL-18BP ELISA试剂盒说明书步骤操作,检测大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度。
术后第30天,各组取6只大鼠,麻醉后灌注取脑组织,制备海马区组织石蜡切片,脱蜡水化后使用改进型柠檬酸钠抗原修复液修复;快速冷却至室温,使用0.5%Triton孵育20 min,QuickBlockTM免疫荧光封闭液25 ℃孵育10 min,PBS洗涤5 min×3次;加入一抗GFAP(1∶200)、cleaved-caspase-3(1∶200)、IL-18(1∶200)4 ℃下孵育过夜;次日,根据一抗类型分别滴加FITC标记山羊抗兔(1∶500)和Cy3标记山羊抗小鼠IgG(1∶500)二抗,25 ℃培养箱内孵育1 h;PBS洗涤,加入抗荧光淬灭封片液(含DAPI)孵育5 min,封片。采用双盲法由病理学专家在荧光显微镜下观察海马CA1区,每张切片选取5个视野,应用Image-Pro Plus 6.0计算海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP的荧光强度以及胞内IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3的荧光强度。
术后第30天,各组取6只大鼠,麻醉后迅速取海马组织。用Western及IP细胞裂解液和蛋白酶抑制剂混合液提取大鼠海马区细胞总蛋白,利用BCA法测定蛋白浓度。取40 μg上样行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,恒压转至PVDF膜上。将PVDF膜置于QuickBlockTM Western封闭液(批号:P0252)中25 ℃封闭10 min;加入STING(1∶1000)、TBK1(1∶1000)、p-TBK1(1∶1000)、IRF3(1∶1000)、p-IRF3(1∶1000)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜;次日,TBST洗涤5 min×3次,加入山羊抗兔IgG二抗(1∶1000),25 ℃孵育1 h;ECL发光,应用Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析各条带的灰度值,以GAPDH作为内参,目的蛋白与内参的灰度值比值为目标蛋白的相对表达量。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.1软件进行统计分析。实验数据均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验;Morris水迷宫中各组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期应用双因素方差分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
水迷宫实验结果显示,各组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期、穿越平台次数和目标象限活动时间百分比差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。实验第3~4天,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组、TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期明显长于假手术组(P<0.05)。实验第5天,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组、TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠的穿越平台次数明显少于假手术组,目标象限活动时间百分比明显低于假手术组(P<0.05)。与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠第3~4天的逃逸潜伏期明显缩短,第5天穿越平台次数明显增多,目标象限活动时间百分比明显增高(P<0.05)。与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠第3~4天的逃逸潜伏期明显延长,第5天穿越平台次数明显减少,目标象限活动时间百分比明显降低(P<0.05)(表1)。
ELISA检测结果显示,TBI术后30 d各组大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。与假手术组比较,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组和TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度明显升高(P<0.05);与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠血清IL-18浓度明显降低,IL-18BP浓度明显升高(P<0.05);与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠血清IL-18浓度明显升高,IL-18BP浓度明显降低(P<0.05)(表2)。
免疫荧光染色结果显示,TBI术后30 d,各组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组和TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显升高(P<0.05);与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显降低(P<0.05);与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠海马CA1区星形胶质细胞GFAP、IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度明显升高(P<0.05,图1)。
TBI术后30 d,各组大鼠海马区STING、p-TBK1和p-IRF3蛋白相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TBK1、IRF3蛋白相对表达量无明显差异(P>0.05)。与假手术组比较,TBI组、TBI+IL-18BP组和TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠海马区STING、p-TBK1和p-IRF3蛋白相对表达量明显增加(P<0.05);与TBI组比较,TBI+IL-18BP组大鼠海马区STING、p-TBK1和p-IRF3蛋白相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05);与TBI+IL-18BP组比较,TBI+IL-18BP+ADU-S100组大鼠海马区STING、p-TBK1和p-IRF3蛋白相对表达量明显增加(P<0.05,图2)。
TBI是造成青年和儿童残疾及死亡的主要原因之一[12],截至目前尚无有效药物能提高TBI患者的生存率以及减轻术后的神经功能损伤。本研究采用自由落体撞击法模拟颅脑创伤过程,当砝码接触硬脑膜时,造成大脑弥漫性损伤。TBI可造成大脑原发性机械性损伤如挫伤和硬膜外血肿等,也可在原发性损伤后引起一系列的脑细胞继发性损伤[13]。继发性脑损伤是一个复杂的级联反应,而炎症反应是推进这种瀑布效应的重要机制之一[14]。这一过程包括脑内免疫细胞(如小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞等)的激活及外周免疫细胞(如中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和T细胞等)的招募,以介导脑内炎性介质的释放[15]。本研究发现,TBI大鼠血清IL-18浓度明显上调,当颅脑损伤导致血脑屏障破坏后,外周炎性因子入血,进一步加重了脑区的炎症反应。
认知功能障碍是TBI的常见并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量[16]。本研究应用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力,结果显示,创伤大鼠第3~4天的逃逸潜伏期明显长于假手术组,提示TBI术后大鼠的认知能力明显下降。星形胶质细胞是大脑分布最广泛的一种胶质细胞,可诱导突触形成,消除树突棘,调节神经传递和神经的可塑性[17]。此外,在前额叶皮质、海马和杏仁核区域,炎症反应诱导的星形胶质细胞激活与认知功能障碍、情绪功能有关[18-19]。海马在学习和记忆的形成中扮演着重要角色[20]。本研究发现,TBI大鼠海马区GFAP荧光强度明显增加(反映了星形胶质细胞激活明显增多),从而造成其认知功能下降。
IL-18为γ干扰素诱导因子,是一种多效性Th1型促炎因子,参与调节与炎症、感染和细胞凋亡有关的病理过程[21]。IL-18BP作为IL-18的天然抑制剂,与IL-18具有极高的亲和力[22]。IL-18与IL-18BP失衡可使循环中的游离IL-18水平升高,从而加重疾病的严重程度[23]。有研究发现,注射人重组IL-18BP(rhIL-18BP)可减轻TBI的严重程度[24]。在部分炎性疾病中,IL-18和IL-18BP的浓度均升高,但IL-18BP不足以中和IL-18,因此,游离IL-18的水平高于健康受试者[25-26]。本研究结果显示,TBI大鼠血清IL-18、IL-18BP浓度增高,星形胶质细胞内IL-18、cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度(凋亡评价指标)增高,与既往研究一致。应用IL-18BP后,海马区星形胶质细胞的荧光强度降低,伴随着星形胶质细胞内IL-18和cleaved-caspase-3荧光强度降低(即星形胶质细胞凋亡减少),大鼠认知功能障碍有所缓解。
近期有研究指出,激活STING-TBK1可加重体内外炎症反应[27]。STING激活可触发多个信号级联反应,导致TBK1、IRF3、NF-κB的激活[28]。STING激活可促进K+外溢,胞质K+浓度下降后触发了NLRP3炎症小体激活的经典模式,通过介导IL-1β和IL-18的释放来促进无菌性炎症反应和细胞焦亡[29]。STING信号通路还可诱导细胞凋亡及线粒体自噬[30]。本研究结果显示,TBI术后大鼠体内STING信号通路被激活(STING、p-IRF3、p-TBK1蛋白表达明显上调),伴随着星形胶质细胞凋亡增多。而应用IL-18BP后STING信号通路激活受到抑制(STING、p-IRF3、p-TBK1蛋白表达下调),但应用STING激活剂ADU-S100后,IL-18BP对TBI大鼠认知功能、星形胶质细胞凋亡的保护作用减弱。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,本研究重点聚焦于术后星形胶质细胞的变化,神经元和其他类型的胶质细胞(如小胶质细胞)的病理变化有待进一步探讨;其次,仅在体内探究了IL-18BP对TBI大鼠认知功能可能的保护机制,而星形胶质细胞在TBI后急性期和慢性期的反应机制尚需更多体外实验加以验证,这也是未来研究的重点。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,IL-18BP可减轻海马区星形胶质细胞凋亡造成的神经损伤,在一定程度上减轻了TBI大鼠的POCD,其机制可能与抑制STING信号通路激活有关。
  • 河北省医学科学研究课题(20220360)
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2023年第48卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1618.2023.0103
  • 接收时间:2022-07-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2023-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-28
  • 录用日期:2022-09-17
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Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Province(20220360)
河北省医学科学研究课题(20220360)
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    1沧州市中心医院麻醉科,河北沧州 061000
    2沧州市中心医院运动医学科,河北沧州 061000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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