Article(id=1200026648243438414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1674835200000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1680710400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-04-06, onlineDate=1764038248358, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1693152000000, pubDateStr=2023-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764038248358, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764038248358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038248358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200026645001241395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='8', pageStart='871', pageEnd='992', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764038247584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038741950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028718564474883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028718564474884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=903, endPage=912, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200026649564644178, articleId=1200026648243438414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Protective effect of rapamycin on hypothalamus injury in exertional heat stroke rats and its mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the protective function and mechanism of rapamycin on the hypothalamus injury of rats with exertional heat stroke. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, rapamycin group (Rapa group), exertional heat stroke group (EHS group), and exertional heat stroke + rapamycin group (EHS+Rapa group), with 20 rats in each group. The rats in Rapa group and EHS+Rapa group were injected intraperitoneally with Rapa (1 mg/kg, once a day) for four consecutive days before modeling. The rats in control and EHS groups were treated with the same dose of 0.9% normal saline. In EHS group and EHS+Rapa group, the rats ran in a climate chamber with a temperature range of (39.5±0.3) ℃ and a humidity range of (55%±5%). After successful modeling, the rats were removed from the climate chamber for cooling at room temperature. The animals in control and Rapa groups ran at the same intensity and room temperature as EHS group. During the establishment of the model, we monitored the general state, measured core temperature, and profiled the survival curve of the rats in each group (11 rats randomly selected from each group). The rats in EHS group and EHS+Rapa group were removed from the chamber after modeling of 80 min, and after 300 min observation, each group of rats was anesthetized. Then we collected the abdominal aorta blood and hypothalamus. The histopathological changes in the hypothalamus were analyzed by HE and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the apoptosis of hypothalamus. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR), autophagy effector protein (Beclin-1), ubiquitin-binding protein (p62) and autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) in the hypothalamus of rats. We calculated the ratios of pmTOR/mTOR and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ. We measured the expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain active peptide 100β protein (S100β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in arterial serum by ELISA. Results When rats were entered into the climate chamber at 80 min, compared with control group, the core temperature of EHS group was significantly increased (P<0.001); compared with Rapa group, the core temperature of EHS+Rapa group was significantly increased (P<0.001). Compared with the EHS group, the survival rate of EHS+Rapa group was increased (P<0.01). HE and Nissl staining showed severe pathological damage in hypothalamic nerve cells in EHS group. We observed significantly less pathological damage in hypothalamic nerve cells in EHS+Rapa group than EHS group (P<0.001). Immunofluorescence analysis showed substantial cell apoptosis in the hypothalamus of EHS rats compared with control group (P<0.05). EHS+Rapa group had significantly less apoptosis in the hypothalamus than EHS group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, the ratio of pmTOR/mTOR, Beclin-1 expression, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio in the hypothalamus tissue of EHS group increased and p62 expression decreased (P<0.01); compared with EHS group, the ratio of pmTOR/mTOR in the hypothalamus of EHS+Rapa group decreased, Beclin-1 expression increased, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio increased and p62 expression decreased (P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the expression levels of NSE, S100β protein, and TNF-α in the serum of EHS group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of IL-6 in EHS group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with EHS group, the expression levels of NSE, S100β protein, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum of EHS+Rapa group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Rapa can alleviate the hypothalamus tissue damage caused by exertional heat stroke, improve the function of brain cells, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and the apoptosis of tissue cells, which is related to the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway and the enhancement of hypothalamus autophagy level.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Xiang Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨雷帕霉素(Rapa)对劳力型热射病大鼠下丘脑损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 80只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、Rapa组、劳力型热射病(EHS)组及EHS+Rapa组,每组20只。Rapa组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠分别于建模前连续4 d腹腔注射Rapa(1 mg/kg,1次/d),对照组及EHS组给予同体积生理盐水。将EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠置于温度(39.5±0.3) ℃、湿度55%±5%的气候舱中跑步,建立EHS模型;对照组及Rapa组大鼠置于相同室温下,进行与EHS组同等强度的跑步。在模型建立过程中,观察各组大鼠的一般状态,测量核心温度并绘制大鼠生存曲线(n=11)。EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠于入舱80 min后,从舱中取中,并观察300 min。对各组大鼠实施麻醉,取腹主动脉血及下丘脑等组织,HE及尼氏染色观察下丘脑的组织病理学改变;免疫荧光法测定神经元凋亡情况;Western blotting法检测大鼠下丘脑组织中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、磷酸化mTOR(pmTOR)、自噬效应蛋白(Beclin-1)、泛素结合蛋白(p62)及自噬标志物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)的表达,并计算pmTOR/mTOR及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、脑活性肽100β蛋白(S100β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达水平。结果 在入舱后80 min时,与对照组相比,EHS组的核心温度明显升高;与Rapa组相比,EHS+Rapa组的核心温度明显升高(P<0.001)。与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠的生存率升高(P<0.01)。下丘脑组织HE及尼氏染色显示,EHS组大鼠下丘脑神经元病理损伤更重,而EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑神经元病理损伤较EHS组明显减轻(P<0.001)。免疫荧光检测结果显示,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织中细胞凋亡率较对照组显著增高,而与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织中细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织中pmTOR/mTOR及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高,Beclin-1表达增加,p62表达减少(P<0.01);与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织中pmTOR/mTOR比值降低,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高,Beclin-1的表达增加,p62表达减少(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,EHS组血清中NSE、S100β、IL-6及TNF-α的表达水平均增高(P<0.05);与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组血清中NSE、S100β、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论 雷帕霉素可减轻劳力型热射病引起的下丘脑损伤,改善脑细胞功能,降低炎性因子水平,减少组织细胞凋亡,可能与其抑制mTOR信号通路、增强下丘脑的自噬水平有关。

, correspAuthors=张玉想, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张玉想,E-mail:
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宣律,硕士研究生,主要从事内分泌与代谢性疾病等方面的研究

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宣律,硕士研究生,主要从事内分泌与代谢性疾病等方面的研究

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宣律,硕士研究生,主要从事内分泌与代谢性疾病等方面的研究

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EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.001;与Rapa组比较,(2)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=cRpL3cY67rOVeUOS6Xbybw==, figureFileBig=RuuIDLd3X2llelpmghac+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659186376953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of Rapamycin on survival rate of exertional heat stroke rats (n=11), figureFileSmall=iIwkR1HJI5XQJuMh9x9QiA==, figureFileBig=FU2rYmM6hEXmK5EtKBr0Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659287040252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图2, caption=雷帕霉素对EHS大鼠生存率的影响(n=11)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.01

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EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素

, figureFileSmall=lFhtEyRAIPUZ3dKqPTDE2Q==, figureFileBig=Nu6VYIQ4IeVOiw8Kbq02zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659618390282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Histological and morphological changes in hypothalamus of rats in each group (n=10), figureFileSmall=/2CFQMWl4ROtCUthK0WIxA==, figureFileBig=1uhbV0XM5QYbRwUky5EFNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659760996622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠的下丘脑组织学形态改变(n=10)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;A. HE染色:EHS组神经元细胞核深染、固缩,细胞核、细胞质分界不清晰(黑色箭头);胶质细胞增生(蓝色箭头);B. 病理学损伤评分;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.001;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.001 (n=10);C. 尼氏染色:EHS组神经元细胞核深染、固缩,尼氏体消失(黑色箭头)

, figureFileSmall=/2CFQMWl4ROtCUthK0WIxA==, figureFileBig=1uhbV0XM5QYbRwUky5EFNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659849077011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of apoptosis of rat hypothalamic neurons in each group (n=15), figureFileSmall=j8oIrgOAZ48HMuaI89G9+w==, figureFileBig=JRjhMV948V0bmidusprUgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026659932963098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠下丘脑神经元凋亡情况比较(n=15)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;A. TUNEL染色;B. 神经元凋亡率(n=15);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=j8oIrgOAZ48HMuaI89G9+w==, figureFileBig=JRjhMV948V0bmidusprUgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660021043488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=pmTOR and mTOR expression levels of rat hypothalamus tissues in each group (Western blotting, n=10), figureFileSmall=Nm/itbVITltlXyh/dcFfsQ==, figureFileBig=slPxFV+abkbNjPy8cx209g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660134289701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组大鼠下丘脑组织pmTOR、mTOR的表达(Western blotting, n=10)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;mTOR. 哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.001;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=Nm/itbVITltlXyh/dcFfsQ==, figureFileBig=slPxFV+abkbNjPy8cx209g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660268507434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1 and p62 of hypothalamic tissue of rats in each group (Western blotting, n=10), figureFileSmall=inoFkjAis7J4M08eriCcEQ==, figureFileBig=TVaI+gsKXhTyosshH/V3Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660344004909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠下丘脑组织LC3、Beclin-1及p62表达水平比较(Western blotting, n=10)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;LC3. 微管相关蛋白1轻链3;Beclin-1. 肌球蛋白样BCL2结合蛋白;β-actin. β-肌动蛋白;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=inoFkjAis7J4M08eriCcEQ==, figureFileBig=TVaI+gsKXhTyosshH/V3Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660415308079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Protein expressions of NSE, S100β, TNF-α and IL-6 of rat serum in each group (n=10), figureFileSmall=qsDBrsZupEm35Iu0RKeRQg==, figureFileBig=vWzhefcOplo2JWyfaTm2Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026660494999859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026648243438414, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组大鼠血清NSE、S100β、TNF-α及IL-6表达水平比较(n=10)

EHS. 劳力型热射病;Rapa. 雷帕霉素;NSE. 神经元特异性烯醇化酶;S100β. 脑活性肽100β蛋白;IL-6. 白细胞介素-6;TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子-α;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与EHS组比较,(2)P<0.05

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雷帕霉素对劳力型热射病大鼠下丘脑损伤的保护作用及其机制
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宣律 1 , 张玉想 2, * , 王佳兴 2 , 顾焱 2 , 任卫东 3 , 孙正中 1 , 马运亚 1
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(8): 903-912
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(8): 903-912
雷帕霉素对劳力型热射病大鼠下丘脑损伤的保护作用及其机制
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宣律1, 张玉想2, * , 王佳兴2, 顾焱2, 任卫东3, 孙正中1, 马运亚1
作者信息
  • 1河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000
  • 2解放军总医院第八医学中心重症医学科,北京 100091
  • 3河北北方学院附属第一医院内分泌科,河北张家口 075000
  • 宣律,硕士研究生,主要从事内分泌与代谢性疾病等方面的研究

通讯作者:

张玉想,E-mail:
Protective effect of rapamycin on hypothalamus injury in exertional heat stroke rats and its mechanism
Lv Xuan1, Yu-Xiang Zhang2, * , Jia-Xing Wang2, Yan Gu2, Wei-Dong Ren3, Zheng-Zhong Sun1, Yun-Ya Ma1
Affiliations
  • 1Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
  • 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
  • 3Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
出版时间: 2023-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620
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目的 探讨雷帕霉素(Rapa)对劳力型热射病大鼠下丘脑损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 80只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、Rapa组、劳力型热射病(EHS)组及EHS+Rapa组,每组20只。Rapa组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠分别于建模前连续4 d腹腔注射Rapa(1 mg/kg,1次/d),对照组及EHS组给予同体积生理盐水。将EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠置于温度(39.5±0.3) ℃、湿度55%±5%的气候舱中跑步,建立EHS模型;对照组及Rapa组大鼠置于相同室温下,进行与EHS组同等强度的跑步。在模型建立过程中,观察各组大鼠的一般状态,测量核心温度并绘制大鼠生存曲线(n=11)。EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠于入舱80 min后,从舱中取中,并观察300 min。对各组大鼠实施麻醉,取腹主动脉血及下丘脑等组织,HE及尼氏染色观察下丘脑的组织病理学改变;免疫荧光法测定神经元凋亡情况;Western blotting法检测大鼠下丘脑组织中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、磷酸化mTOR(pmTOR)、自噬效应蛋白(Beclin-1)、泛素结合蛋白(p62)及自噬标志物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)的表达,并计算pmTOR/mTOR及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、脑活性肽100β蛋白(S100β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达水平。结果 在入舱后80 min时,与对照组相比,EHS组的核心温度明显升高;与Rapa组相比,EHS+Rapa组的核心温度明显升高(P<0.001)。与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠的生存率升高(P<0.01)。下丘脑组织HE及尼氏染色显示,EHS组大鼠下丘脑神经元病理损伤更重,而EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑神经元病理损伤较EHS组明显减轻(P<0.001)。免疫荧光检测结果显示,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织中细胞凋亡率较对照组显著增高,而与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织中细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织中pmTOR/mTOR及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高,Beclin-1表达增加,p62表达减少(P<0.01);与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织中pmTOR/mTOR比值降低,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高,Beclin-1的表达增加,p62表达减少(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,EHS组血清中NSE、S100β、IL-6及TNF-α的表达水平均增高(P<0.05);与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组血清中NSE、S100β、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论 雷帕霉素可减轻劳力型热射病引起的下丘脑损伤,改善脑细胞功能,降低炎性因子水平,减少组织细胞凋亡,可能与其抑制mTOR信号通路、增强下丘脑的自噬水平有关。

中暑  /  下丘脑  /  雷帕霉素  /  自噬

Objective To investigate the protective function and mechanism of rapamycin on the hypothalamus injury of rats with exertional heat stroke. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, rapamycin group (Rapa group), exertional heat stroke group (EHS group), and exertional heat stroke + rapamycin group (EHS+Rapa group), with 20 rats in each group. The rats in Rapa group and EHS+Rapa group were injected intraperitoneally with Rapa (1 mg/kg, once a day) for four consecutive days before modeling. The rats in control and EHS groups were treated with the same dose of 0.9% normal saline. In EHS group and EHS+Rapa group, the rats ran in a climate chamber with a temperature range of (39.5±0.3) ℃ and a humidity range of (55%±5%). After successful modeling, the rats were removed from the climate chamber for cooling at room temperature. The animals in control and Rapa groups ran at the same intensity and room temperature as EHS group. During the establishment of the model, we monitored the general state, measured core temperature, and profiled the survival curve of the rats in each group (11 rats randomly selected from each group). The rats in EHS group and EHS+Rapa group were removed from the chamber after modeling of 80 min, and after 300 min observation, each group of rats was anesthetized. Then we collected the abdominal aorta blood and hypothalamus. The histopathological changes in the hypothalamus were analyzed by HE and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the apoptosis of hypothalamus. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR), autophagy effector protein (Beclin-1), ubiquitin-binding protein (p62) and autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) in the hypothalamus of rats. We calculated the ratios of pmTOR/mTOR and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ. We measured the expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain active peptide 100β protein (S100β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in arterial serum by ELISA. Results When rats were entered into the climate chamber at 80 min, compared with control group, the core temperature of EHS group was significantly increased (P<0.001); compared with Rapa group, the core temperature of EHS+Rapa group was significantly increased (P<0.001). Compared with the EHS group, the survival rate of EHS+Rapa group was increased (P<0.01). HE and Nissl staining showed severe pathological damage in hypothalamic nerve cells in EHS group. We observed significantly less pathological damage in hypothalamic nerve cells in EHS+Rapa group than EHS group (P<0.001). Immunofluorescence analysis showed substantial cell apoptosis in the hypothalamus of EHS rats compared with control group (P<0.05). EHS+Rapa group had significantly less apoptosis in the hypothalamus than EHS group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, the ratio of pmTOR/mTOR, Beclin-1 expression, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio in the hypothalamus tissue of EHS group increased and p62 expression decreased (P<0.01); compared with EHS group, the ratio of pmTOR/mTOR in the hypothalamus of EHS+Rapa group decreased, Beclin-1 expression increased, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio increased and p62 expression decreased (P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the expression levels of NSE, S100β protein, and TNF-α in the serum of EHS group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of IL-6 in EHS group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with EHS group, the expression levels of NSE, S100β protein, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum of EHS+Rapa group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Rapa can alleviate the hypothalamus tissue damage caused by exertional heat stroke, improve the function of brain cells, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and the apoptosis of tissue cells, which is related to the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway and the enhancement of hypothalamus autophagy level.

heat stroke  /  hypothalamus  /  rapamycin  /  autophagy
宣律, 张玉想, 王佳兴, 顾焱, 任卫东, 孙正中, 马运亚. 雷帕霉素对劳力型热射病大鼠下丘脑损伤的保护作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (8) : 903 -912 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620
Lv Xuan, Yu-Xiang Zhang, Jia-Xing Wang, Yan Gu, Wei-Dong Ren, Zheng-Zhong Sun, Yun-Ya Ma. Protective effect of rapamycin on hypothalamus injury in exertional heat stroke rats and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (8) : 903 -912 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620
热射病(heat stroke,HS)是指在高强度的体力活动下或高温环境中长时间暴露,机体核心温度上升超过40 ℃,出现中枢神经功能受损症状(如颅内高压、谵妄、惊厥甚至昏迷等)同时伴有多器官功能损害的临床综合征[1]。HS可分为经典型(classic heat stroke,CHS)及劳力型(exertional heat stroke,EHS)[2]。HS的发病率呈逐年递增趋势,其中超过30%的患者治疗后遗留中枢神经功能障碍[3]。大脑皮质、海马及下丘脑为HS最常见的3个中枢神经易损伤区域[4]。其中下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus,PVN)直接控制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的活动,热打击后,PVN区域小细胞神经元受损,使机体的热耐受性降低,体温调节功能受损,严重影响预后[5]。在热应激模型中,抑制大脑皮质自噬会加重神经元变性,提示自噬在神经元损伤中可能具有防御作用[6]。雷帕霉素(rapamycin,Rapa)是一种新型的高效免疫抑制剂,能够特异性抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of Rapamycin,mTOR)的活性,该靶蛋白包括mTORC1及mTORC2两种亚型,Rapa变构可抑制mTORC1[7]。Rapa通过调控mTOR信号通路,激活或抑制细胞内各种蛋白磷酸化,调控神经细胞的存活及凋亡,并参与调节自噬[8]。在缺血缺氧性脑病中,Rapa主要通过抑制mTOR信号通路而增强自噬,从而减轻对神经元的损伤[8]。研究表明,热应激类似缺血缺氧性脑病,表现为皮肤血流量增加,内脏器官血流量减少,导致大脑缺血缺氧性损伤以及下丘脑区域神经细胞坏死[4]。在急性脑损伤中,Rapa可通过增强自噬而提高损伤区域的神经元存活率[6],但其能否通过调控mTOR信号通路而减轻HS导致的下丘脑神经元损伤,目前鲜见报道。本研究通过建立EHS大鼠模型,探讨Rapa对EHS大鼠下丘脑神经元的保护作用及其可能机制。
将6跑道小动物实验跑台(型号为XR-PT-10A,购自上海欣软信息科技公司)放置于外观透明且功能为模拟高湿高温的气候舱内[9],该舱可以精准地对舱内的湿度及温度进行控制并维持恒定。大鼠肛温仪(型号为TH212,购自上海玉研科技仪器公司),实验开始之前进行校准,确保其灵敏度为0.1 ℃,精确度为≤±0.2 ℃,用于实时监测大鼠核心温度。Rapa、聚乙二醇300(polyethylene glycol 300,PEG300)及吐温-80购自美国MCE公司;二甲基亚砜(DMSO)购自美国Sigma公司;兔抗大鼠多克隆抗体自噬效应蛋白(Beclin-1)、mTOR及兔抗大鼠单克隆抗体磷酸化mTOR(phosphorylated mTOR,pmTOR)均购自美国Proteintech公司;兔抗大鼠单克隆抗体微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3,LC3)购自美国CST公司;兔抗大鼠单克隆抗体p62购自英国Abcam公司;小鼠抗大鼠单克隆抗体β-actin购自美国的Affinity公司。一步法TUNEL细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自武汉赛维尔生物有限公司;山羊抗兔IgG、山羊抗小鼠IgG(辣根过氧化物酶标记)均购自英国Abcam公司;神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、脑活性肽100β蛋白(S100β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒购自美国瑞博奥生物科技有限公司。
80只SPF级成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠购自北京斯贝福生物科技公司,体重300~350 g,动物生产许可证号为SCXK(京)2019-0010。实验动物均在军事医学科学院SPF级实验室饲养,室内温度20~22 ℃,相对湿度50%~60%。动物实验方案获解放军总医院第八医学中心动物伦理委员会批准。
在实施热打击实验前,大鼠先进行1周的劳力性适应性跑步训练。训练采用阶梯式锻炼法,在室温下进行,前3 d按如下程序训练:大鼠从饲养笼转移到气候舱后,初始按照5 m/min的速度开始跑步(其坡度设定为0),每隔2 min速度增加1 m/min,在20 min内将其增加到15 m/min,之后以此速度匀速跑步,跑步过程中严密观察,直到大鼠出现疲劳状态(给予噪声、轻推等无痛刺激驱赶后仍无法坚持跑步至少5s),逐渐降速使其停止跑步,跑步时长≤30 min。第4、5天采用之前的训练方案,但跑步时长延长至≤60 min。第6、7天为休息日,只给予大鼠舱内的环境适应,不进行跑步训练。训练过程中,不限制大鼠的饮水及进食。
采用随机数字表法将80只Wistar大鼠分为对照组、雷帕霉素组(Rapa组)、EHS组及EHS+Rapa组,每组20只。其中44只(每组随机抽取11只)用于连续观察大鼠自气候舱中取出后的生存状态,剩余36只大鼠用于其余实验。Rapa(规格:25 mg)溶解于100% DMSO溶液中,配制成浓度为2 g/L的原液,将原液在-80 ℃冻存,15 μl原液溶于PEG 300(600 μl)、吐温-80(75 μl)及生理盐水(810 μl),配制为1.5 ml的工作液,分别于Rapa组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠建模前每日清晨8时以1 mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射,1次/d,连续4 d[10],而对照组及EHS组在同一时间点给予同体积生理盐水腹腔注射。
4组大鼠在实施热打击实验之前,禁食12 h,可自由饮水,在建模前的30 min称重并禁止饮水。当气候舱的相对湿度达到55%±5%、温度达到(39.5±0.3) ℃时,将EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠放入舱内并置于跑道上[11],按照1.3.1的方式进行跑步训练。入舱全程仔细观察大鼠的精神改变及意识情况,3次重复确认大鼠已达到EHS的诊断标准后,从气候舱内将其取出,在室温下自然降温,继续对大鼠的形态学的改变、神志状态、核心温度及生存时间进行监测。EHS诊断标准为大鼠出现严重的HS神经系统功能障碍表现,即无自主的活动时长在5 s以上(正位反射、角膜反射以及强烈疼痛刺激仍然存在)[12-13]。对照组及Rapa组大鼠在室温条件下进行与EHS组及EHS+Rapa组同等强度的劳力型跑步运动[14]
在EHS模型建立过程中,将涂有润滑油的大鼠肛温仪传感器插入其肛门,插入深度5~7 cm。为防止传感器脱落,用医用胶带将其固定在鼠尾。入舱前大鼠核心温度范围为37~38 ℃[15],入舱后每隔5 min记录1次核心温度。观察各组大鼠核心温度的变化情况,绘制核心温度动态曲线。
成功建模后,每组随机抽取11只大鼠,自气候舱中取出后,分别于50、100、150、200、250及300 min观察其生存情况,并计算各组生存率。
EHS组及EHS+Rapa组大鼠在入舱80 min后,从舱中取出,观察300 min。将各组大鼠采用适量乙醚进行安乐死。从腹主动脉采集适量的动脉血,解剖大鼠后取出下丘脑组织,对下丘脑的形状、大小、光泽、颜色、肿胀及淤血情况进行大体观察。
分离出完整的下丘脑组织,用PBS冲洗干净,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定,梯度浓度乙醇脱水、石蜡包埋、切片(厚度3~4 μm),然后进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)及尼氏染色,树胶封片、固定,观察下丘脑的组织病理学改变。在光学显微镜(×400)下随机选取5个视野,参照Thoresen等[16]的神经元损伤评分标准,由两名病理学专家通过盲法评估各组的形态学变化。0分,无明显损伤;1分,损伤面积<10%,仅可观察到个别的损伤神经元;2分,损伤面积为20%~30%,可观察到局部损伤;3分,损伤面积40%~60%,可观察到局部损伤;4分,损伤面积>75%,大量神经元出现损伤,组织完全崩解。
大鼠下丘脑组织石蜡切片梯度浓度乙醇脱蜡后蒸馏水冲洗,滴入蛋白酶工作液,37 ℃孵育20 min,PBS冲洗3次,每次5 min;破膜液常温下孵育30 min,再次PBS冲洗。按照一步法TUNEL试剂盒说明书进行TUNEL染色及DAPI染色,PBS(pH7.4)冲洗后封片,光镜下观察。采用Image J软件对各组TUNEL染色切片图像进行分析,绿色荧光为凋亡细胞染色,蓝色荧光为细胞核定位。显微镜下每张切片中任意随机选取10个视野(×400),计数阳性细胞数。凋亡率=阳性细胞数/总细胞数×100%。
将50 mg大鼠下丘脑组织加入4 ℃的组织裂解液中,完全裂解后测定蛋白浓度,然后行SDS-PAGE电泳,电转至PVDF膜,脱脂奶粉室温封闭。一抗为兔抗大鼠单克隆抗体LC3(1∶1000)、p62(1∶5000)、pmTOR(1∶1000),小鼠抗大鼠单克隆抗体β-actin(1∶1000),兔抗大鼠多克隆抗体Beclin-1(1∶1000)及mTOR(1∶5000),二抗为辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔及山羊抗小鼠IgG(1∶600),室温孵育2 h,增强化学发光法(ECL)显色。以β-actin为内参照,采用Image J软件进行目的条带灰度值分析,计算蛋白相对表达量,以及pmTOR/mTOR、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值。
按照ELISA试剂盒说明书,用酶标仪测定450 nm波长处的光密度(OD)值,根据标准曲线计算大鼠血清NSE、S100β、IL-6及TNF-α的表达水平。
采用GraphPad Prism 9软件进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用ANOVA单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;生存率采用Kaplan-Meier法分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
在入舱0 min时,4组大鼠的核心温度差异无统计学意义(F=4.634,P>0.05)。在入舱80 min时,4组大鼠的核心温度差异有统计学意义(F=1158,P<0.01);与对照组相比,EHS组的核心温度明显升高[(42±0.4) ℃ vs. (37.4±0.3) ℃,P<0.001];与Rapa组相比,EHS+Rapa组的核心温度明显升高[(42.8±0.3) ℃ vs.(37.6±0.1) ℃,P<0.001,图1)。
对照组及Rapa组300 min生存率均为100%,EHS组300 min生存率降低至28.3%(P<0.01),EHS+Rapa组大鼠300 min生存率升高至50.0%(P<0.01,图2)。
对照组大鼠下丘脑呈淡粉红色,色泽光亮,位于第三脑室底中央;Rapa组下丘脑近似对照组;EHS组大鼠下丘脑明显肿胀增大,色泽暗淡,呈暗红色,明显向两侧扩张,呈圆球形;与EHS组比较,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑肿胀情况明显减轻,表面颜色近似淡粉红色,且外观形态近似对照组(图3)。
HE染色结果显示,对照组及Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织结构清晰,细胞形态正常;与对照组比较,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织病理学损伤评分增加[(3.83±0.41)分vs. (1.17±0.41)分,P<0.001],可见大量神经元细胞核深染、固缩伴胶质细胞增生;与EHS组比较,EHS+Rapa组大鼠有少量胶质细胞增生,神经元细胞核深染、固缩程度减轻,病理学损伤评分降低[(2.5±0.55)分 vs. (3.83±0.41)分,P<0.001]。对照组及Rapa组病理学损伤评分比较差异无统计学意义[(1.17±0.41)分vs.(1.17±0.41)分,P>0.05,图4A、B)。尼氏染色结果显示,对照组大鼠下丘脑组织结构清晰,尼氏体均匀分布于胞质中;与对照组比较,EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织尼氏体消失,神经元细胞核固缩、深染;与EHS组比较,EHS+Rapa组大鼠下丘脑组织尼氏体结构清晰,神经元细胞核固缩、深染程度减轻(图4C)。
与对照组相比,EHS组下丘脑神经元凋亡率明显升高(0.90%±0.06% vs. 0.46%±0.15%,P<0.05);而EHS+Rapa组(0.66%±0.05%)大鼠下丘脑神经元凋亡率低于EHS组(P<0.05)。Rapa组下丘脑神经元凋亡率(0.39%±0.07%)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图5)。
EHS组大鼠下丘脑组织中pmTOR/mTOR比值明显高于对照组(1.03±0.01 vs. 0.09±0.03,P<0.001);与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组pmTOR/mTOR比值明显降低(0.53±0.02,P<0.001);Rapa组pmTOR/mTOR比值(0.11±0.06)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图6)。
与对照组相比,EHS组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高(3.74±0.44 vs. 1.65±0.01,P<0.01),而p62表达水平降低(0.49±0.06 vs. 0.76±0.03,P<0.01),Beclin-1表达水平升高(0.75±0.05 vs. 0.43±0.03,P<0.01)。与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值(14.94±0.92)及Beclin-1表达水平(1.12±0.02)升高,p62表达水平降低(0.29±0.01),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组与Rapa组间LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值及Beclin-1、p62表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图7)。
ELISA检测结果显示,与对照组相比,EHS组大鼠血清NSE [(3683±690) ng/L vs. (1881±97.73) ng/L,P<0.01)]、S100β [(310.30±85.0) ng/Lvs. (156.40±15.53)ng/L,P<0.05]、IL-6 [(24.94±7.72) ng/Lvs. (15.62±2.04)ng/L,P<0.05]及TNF-α [(71.36±24.26) ng/Lvs. (27.73±10.37) ng/L,P<0.05]表达水平明显升高;与EHS组相比,EHS+Rapa组大鼠血清NSE (1851±42.71) ng/L、S100β (162.4±16.2) ng/L、TNF-α (21.08±9.41) ng/L、IL-6 (8.87±4.61) ng/L表达水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组与Rapa组间上述分子表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图8)。
EHS的突出表现为高热及中枢神经系统损害[17]。随着热应激程度的加深,下丘脑神经元明显损伤,可见核深染及固缩[18]。中枢神经炎症参与了HS的中枢神经损伤,IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α等在HS小鼠皮质及海马下丘脑组织中明显升高[19-20],与脑血管水肿、神经元凋亡的严重程度高度相关[21]。Sharma等[22]发现,热暴露后,大鼠的血脑屏障受损,脑组织缺血缺氧;小鼠皮质及海马等脑组织中炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的基因表达也同时显著增高[23]。Watson等[24]发现在高温环境下剧烈运动时,外周循环血液中S100β蛋白浓度增高;而HS脑损伤患者的NSE及S100β蛋白表达会随着脑损伤程度加重而增高[25]。本研究发现,在劳力型热射病模型建立过程中,EHS大鼠核心温度迅速升高,模型建立后大鼠生存率降低,下丘脑神经元病理损伤明显,血清中炎性因子水平增高,神经元凋亡明显,与既往研究结果一致,提示IL-6及TNF-α可介导EHS大鼠全身炎症反应,加重下丘脑神经元凋亡及组织损伤,且会影响大鼠的预后。
下丘脑被称为人体的“恒温器”,可通过调节机体代谢速率及体温来维持核心温度,使机体处于一种动态平衡中。在正常状态下,下丘脑视前区(preoptic anterior hypothalamus,POAH)可通过增加血流量及汗腺分泌来降温,并通过降低代谢速率来减少热量产生[26]。同时,下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus,PVN)区域可通过调节下丘脑、垂体及肾上腺皮质等来协调其他生理反应,如心率、血压等,以维持热稳态[27]。研究发现,高温能促进神经干细胞凋亡,随着热应激时间延长,细胞凋亡率增高[28]。本研究结果显示,EHS组大鼠下丘脑神经元凋亡率增高,提示EHS可促进神经元的凋亡,这可能是EHS下丘脑发生损伤的原因之一。
在正常的生理条件下,机体细胞会维持基础的自噬及凋亡水平,以维持细胞的自我更新及细胞内环境稳态。当受到热打击时,细胞的自噬及凋亡水平会适度增强,以应对热损伤应激反应[29-30]。自噬及凋亡之间存在复杂的交互调控作用,主要归纳为合作关系、对抗关系及推动关系[31]。其中自噬及凋亡的对抗关系已有较多报道,如在脑缺血再灌注损伤及缺血性神经元损伤等研究中均已证实[32-33]。热打击使神经元细胞在短时间内产生大量的蛋白变性产物、细胞器碎片等聚集物,且无法及时有效地清除,过多的自噬体在神经元中蓄积,产生细胞毒性效应,从而加速了神经元的变性及凋亡[29]。本研究发现,Rapa可诱导自噬增强,但并未加重神经元的凋亡,而EHS大鼠自噬及凋亡程度均增加。究其原因,可能与雷帕霉素增强自噬并抑制凋亡信号有关。
自噬是普遍存在于真核生物细胞内的一种自稳机制,可利用溶酶体的消化分解途径清除受损细胞器,是错误折叠蛋白质的一种“自我”分解代谢途径。自噬的起始阶段由Beclin-1介导形成,启动自噬的成核过程[34]。自噬体膜的形成是由Atg4将LC3的C末端水解,并经过泛素化修饰形成LC3-Ⅱ与自噬体膜结合,在自噬过程中,LC3-Ⅱ始终稳定地特异性定位于自噬双层膜上,因此LC3-Ⅱ或LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值已成为检测自噬体数量的经典方法。p62可将蛋白聚合物转运到自噬体并运输至溶酶体,当自噬体与溶酶体融合时,p62及大分子将被水解,故p62的表达与自噬活性成反比[35]。因此,通常以LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值联合p62表达评估自噬流的通畅性。自噬在清除受损细胞器及异常聚集的毒性蛋白中发挥着重要作用,Rapa能改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠的认知能力,主要是通过抑制pmTOR表达,增加自噬标志物LC3-Ⅱ的表达[36]。既往研究发现,自噬在HS大脑皮质中作为对抗神经元变性的保护机制,而3-MA预处理可加重HS大鼠脑神经元的变性[6]。本实验结果显示,在EHS大鼠下丘脑组织中,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值以及Beclin-1表达水平显著增高,p62表达水平明显降低,而给予Rapa干预可明显增强这一现象,提示EHS大鼠下丘脑神经元自噬水平增高,而Rapa可通过抑制下丘脑组织中的mTOR通路,上调其下游分子Beclin-1的表达,从而进一步增强自噬水平,起到对抗神经元凋亡、减轻EHS大鼠下丘脑损伤的作用。
mTOR作为自噬的负调控因子,参与抑制自噬进程并具有对抗凋亡的作用。当PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路被激活时,可加速mTOR的磷酸化,应用Rapa阻断该通路后,mTOR的磷酸化相应减少[37]。研究发现,在帕金森病模型中,Rapa可通过抑制mTOR激活来促进自噬,清除α-突触核蛋白,保护神经元[38]。在缺氧/缺血性损伤中,Rapa可通过增强自噬来清除细胞及组织,提高神经元的存活率,改善缺氧/缺血性脑损伤以及神经行为改变和意识障碍[39]。在缺血性脑卒中的大鼠大脑皮质中,磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated protein kinase B,pAkt)、pmTOR、低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)及NF-κB的表达上调,表明在脑缺血急性期,mTOR参与了组织抗凋亡、抗炎的病理生理过程[20]。本研究发现,EHS大鼠下丘脑中的pmTOR表达增加,给予Rapa干预能够减轻下丘脑的病理改变,减少神经元细胞凋亡,降低mTOR磷酸化及TNF-α、IL-6的表达水平。另外,近期研究发现,S100β及NSE可作为诊断HS患者脑损伤及血脑屏障受损的生物标志物[40]。本研究发现,Rapa干预明显降低了EHS模型大鼠下丘脑组织中NSE、S100β蛋白的表达水平,提示Rapa可逆转热应激导致的神经元及神经胶质细胞损伤,延长大鼠的生存时间。由此可见,Rapa能够诱导神经元自噬,在一定程度上缓解缺血所产生的损伤,从而发挥神经元保护作用。该结果也证实了Rapa能够通过调控mTOR通路诱导神经元自噬、抗炎及抗凋亡,对EHS大鼠下丘脑组织具有保护作用。
本研究仍存在局限性。笔者已经从分子机制上证实了雷帕霉素治疗的有效性,即雷帕霉素可以通过抑制EHS大鼠下丘脑组织mTOR通路来增强自噬,从而减轻EHS大鼠下丘脑的神经元损伤以及机体的炎症反应。后续研究应在电镜下直接观察下丘脑神经元自噬囊泡的形成,以进一步验证自噬在EHS下丘脑损伤中的保护作用。
综上所述,雷帕霉素能改善EHS大鼠下丘脑组织损伤,降低炎性因子TNF-α及IL-6的表达水平,下调外周血中神经元及神经胶质细胞损伤标志物NSE、S100β,促进下丘脑神经元的自噬,从而对抗凋亡,机制主要为抑制mTOR活化、激活LC3介导的自噬通路。因此,雷帕霉素是一种潜在的EHS治疗药物,具有较好的临床应用前景。
  • 军事医学创新工程项目(18CXZ023)
  • 解放军总医院第八医学中心重点项目(2021ZD002)
  • 解放军总医院第八医学中心重点项目(2016ZD-008)
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2023年第48卷第8期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620
  • 接收时间:2023-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-28
  • 录用日期:2023-04-06
基金
Military Medical Innovation Project(18CXZ023)
军事医学创新工程项目(18CXZ023)
Major Project of Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital(2021ZD002)
解放军总医院第八医学中心重点项目(2021ZD002)
Major Project of Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital(2016ZD-008)
解放军总医院第八医学中心重点项目(2016ZD-008)
作者信息
    1河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000
    2解放军总医院第八医学中心重症医学科,北京 100091
    3河北北方学院附属第一医院内分泌科,河北张家口 075000

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张玉想,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0133.2023.0620
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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