Article(id=1200026647492653465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643731200000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1668614400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-17, onlineDate=1764038248179, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1693152000000, pubDateStr=2023-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764038248179, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764038248179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038248179, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200026645001241395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='8', pageStart='871', pageEnd='992', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764038247584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038741950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028718564474883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028718564474884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200026645001241395, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=983, endPage=992, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200026647765283239, articleId=1200026647492653465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system in the middle-aged and elderly. The main pathological basis of PD is the decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Louie bodies. The clinical manifestations of PD are usually quiescent tremor, bradykinesia, enhanced muscle tone and abnormal posture and gait. The pathogenesis of PD is very complex, which may be related to age, environment, heredity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we summarized research progress on the mechanisms and treatment methods of α-synuclein, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, LRRK2 gene mutation and other factors leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD, in order to provide a reference for basic and clinical research of PD.

, correspAuthors=Zhi Chai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi Xiao, Hui-Jie Fan, Yan-Rong Li, Rui-Rui Sun, Lu Jia, Lei Xu, Jie-Zhong Wei, Bao-Guo Xiao, Cun-Gen Ma, Zhi Chai), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200026649606582749, articleId=1200026647492653465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=帕金森病发病机制研究进展, columnId=1190243276029530637, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

帕金森病是中老年人常见的神经系统慢性炎性变性疾病,以黑质中多巴胺能神经元减少和路易小体形成为主要病理基础,其常见临床表现有静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌张力增强和姿势步态异常等。该病发病机制十分复杂,可能与年龄、环境、遗传、氧化应激及线粒体功能障碍等多种因素有关。本文综述了导致多巴胺能神经元变性的α-突触核蛋白、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍,以及富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2(LRRK2)基因突变等因素在帕金森病发病过程中作用机制的相关研究进展,以期为帕金森病的基础和临床研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=柴智, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
柴智,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=j6VoI7+zcsVQknH9svYB5g==, magXml=ZZN0cqM7MFvD1DMXlluq8Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xDEOPhx4JNYmv52s/Xgdtg==, pdfFileSize=1429137, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=31DBSblR2E8L/kS0g2ZbdQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FdUSaJKzlPV52SX39GvurA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

肖琪,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病方面的研究

, authorsList=肖琪, 樊慧杰, 李艳荣, 孙芮芮, 贾璐, 徐磊, 尉杰忠, 肖保国, 马存根, 柴智)}, authors=[Author(id=1200026650168619528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026650252505614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650168619528, language=EN, stringName=Qi Xiao, firstName=Qi, middleName=null, lastName=Xiao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026650357363219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650168619528, language=CN, stringName=肖琪, firstName=琪, middleName=null, lastName=肖, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio={"content":"

肖琪,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病方面的研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

肖琪,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病方面的研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026650508358169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026650680324639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650508358169, language=EN, stringName=Hui-Jie Fan, firstName=Hui-Jie, middleName=null, lastName=Fan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026650785182247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650508358169, language=CN, stringName=樊慧杰, firstName=慧杰, middleName=null, lastName=樊, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026650877456938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026650994897458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650877456938, language=EN, stringName=Yan-Rong Li, firstName=Yan-Rong, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651078783543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026650877456938, language=CN, stringName=李艳荣, firstName=艳荣, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026651162669629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651271721540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651162669629, language=EN, stringName=Rui-Rui Sun, firstName=Rui-Rui, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651431105099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651162669629, language=CN, stringName=孙芮芮, firstName=芮芮, middleName=null, lastName=孙, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026651514991186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651615654488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651514991186, language=EN, stringName=Lu Jia, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=Jia, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651712123487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651514991186, language=CN, stringName=贾璐, firstName=璐, middleName=null, lastName=贾, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026651787620964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026651909255791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651787620964, language=EN, stringName=Lei Xu, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026652026696310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026651787620964, language=CN, stringName=徐磊, firstName=磊, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026652135748218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026652244800130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652135748218, language=EN, stringName=Jie-Zhong Wei, firstName=Jie-Zhong, middleName=null, lastName=Wei, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026652341269126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652135748218, language=CN, stringName=尉杰忠, firstName=杰忠, middleName=null, lastName=尉, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026650013430263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650021818873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650013430263, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650026013178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650013430263, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009)])]), Author(id=1200026652454515338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026652546790034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652454515338, language=EN, stringName=Bao-Guo Xiao, firstName=Bao-Guo, middleName=null, lastName=Xiao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026652685202072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652454515338, language=CN, stringName=肖保国, firstName=保国, middleName=null, lastName=肖, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026650093122049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650101510657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650093122049, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650105704962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650093122049, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025)])]), Author(id=1200026652764893853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026653914133155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652764893853, language=EN, stringName=Cun-Gen Ma, firstName=Cun-Gen, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026654077711019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026652764893853, language=CN, stringName=马存根, firstName=存根, middleName=null, lastName=马, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200026654169985712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chaizhi008@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200026654291620534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026654169985712, language=EN, stringName=Zhi Chai, firstName=Zhi, middleName=null, lastName=Chai, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200026654383895226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, authorId=1200026654169985712, language=CN, stringName=柴智, firstName=智, middleName=null, lastName=柴, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200026654526501567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Parkinson's disease), Keyword(id=1200026654652330691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=α-synuclein), Keyword(id=1200026654752993991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=mitochondrial dysfunction), Keyword(id=1200026654853657290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=oxidative stress), Keyword(id=1200026654975292108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=LRRK2 gene mutation), Keyword(id=1200026655130481361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=帕金森病), Keyword(id=1200026655277282005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=α-突触核蛋白), Keyword(id=1200026655382139608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=线粒体功能障碍), Keyword(id=1200026655587660508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=氧化应激), Keyword(id=1200026655688323808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=LRRK2基因突变)], refs=[Reference(id=1200026659106681649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=6, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Reeve AK, Ludtmann MH, Angelova PR, journalName=Cell Death Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Reeve AK, Ludtmann MH, Angelova PR, et al. Aggregated α-synuclein and complex I deficiency: exploration of their relationship in differentiated neurons[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2015, 6(7): e1820., articleTitle=Aggregated α-synuclein and complex I deficiency: exploration of their relationship in differentiated neurons, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659190567732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=802, pageEnd=807, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Bachhuber T, Katzmarski N, McCarter JF, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bachhuber T, Katzmarski N, McCarter JF, et al. Inhibition of amyloid-β plaque formation by α-synuclein[J]. Nat Med, 2015, 21(7): 802-807., articleTitle=Inhibition of amyloid-β plaque formation by α-synuclein, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659274453815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=1264, pageEnd=1310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Obeso JA, Stamelou M, Goetz CG, journalName=Mov Disord, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Obeso JA, Stamelou M, Goetz CG, et al. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy[J]. Mov Disord, 2017, 32(9): 1264-1310., articleTitle=Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659349951291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=4, pageStart=382, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Yang X, Yang PH, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X, Yang PH. Mechanism of multimodel visual exploration disorder in Parkinson's disease based on an infrared eye movement system[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2022, 47(4): 382-389., articleTitle=Mechanism of multimodel visual exploration disorder in Parkinson's disease based on an infrared eye movement system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659429643070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=4, pageStart=382, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=杨旭, 杨培红, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨旭, 杨培红. 基于红外眼动系统探讨帕金森病多模式视觉探索障碍的发生机制[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2022, 47(4): 382-389., articleTitle=基于红外眼动系统探讨帕金森病多模式视觉探索障碍的发生机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659509334848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Wong YC, Krainc D, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wong YC, Krainc D. α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies[J]. Nat Med, 2017, 23(2): 1-13., articleTitle=α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659572249410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=128, issue=13, pageStart=2231, pageEnd=2243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zaltieri M, Grigoletto J, Longhena F, journalName=J Cell Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zaltieri M, Grigoletto J, Longhena F, et al. α-synuclein and synapsin III cooperatively regulate synaptic function in dopamine neurons[J].J Cell Sci, 2015, 128(13): 2231-2243., articleTitle=α-synuclein and synapsin III cooperatively regulate synaptic function in dopamine neurons, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659672912708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=530, issue=7588, pageStart=45, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Bekei B, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Bekei B, et al. Structural disorder of monomeric α-synuclein persists in mammalian cells[J]. Nature, 2016, 530(7588): 45-50., articleTitle=Structural disorder of monomeric α-synuclein persists in mammalian cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659781964614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=131, issue=3, pageStart=379, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Bliederhaeuser C, Grozdanov V, Speidel A, journalName=Acta Neuropathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bliederhaeuser C, Grozdanov V, Speidel A, et al. Age-dependent defects of alpha-synuclein oligomer uptake in microglia and monocytes[J]. Acta Neuropathol, 2016, 131(3): 379-391., articleTitle=Age-dependent defects of alpha-synuclein oligomer uptake in microglia and monocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659861656393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=80, issue=null, pageStart=525, pageEnd=535, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Olsen LK, Cairns AG, Ådén J, journalName=Brain Behav Immun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Olsen LK, Cairns AG, Ådén J, et al. Viral mimetic priming enhances α-synuclein-induced degeneration: implications for Parkinson's disease[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2019, 80: 525-535., articleTitle=Viral mimetic priming enhances α-synuclein-induced degeneration: implications for Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026659970708300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=143, issue=5, pageStart=584, pageEnd=594, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Nash Y, Schmukler E, Trudler D, journalName=J Neurochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nash Y, Schmukler E, Trudler D, et al. DJ-1 deficiency impairs autophagy and reduces alpha-synuclein phagocytosis by microglia[J]. J Neurochem, 2017, 143(5): 584-594., articleTitle=DJ-1 deficiency impairs autophagy and reduces alpha-synuclein phagocytosis by microglia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660054594382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=1017, pageEnd=1028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Hua J, Yin N, Xu S, journalName=Cell Mol Neurobiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hua J, Yin N, Xu S, et al. Enhancing the astrocytic clearance of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by ginkgolides attenuates neural cell injury[J]. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 39(7): 1017-1028., articleTitle=Enhancing the astrocytic clearance of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by ginkgolides attenuates neural cell injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660184617809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=353, issue=6307, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Mao X, Ou MT, Karuppagounder SS, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao X, Ou MT, Karuppagounder SS, et al. Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6307): aah3374., articleTitle=Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660276892500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=467, issue=7312, pageStart=179, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Lee B H, Lee M J, Park S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee B H, Lee M J, Park S, et al. Enhancement of proteasome activity by a small-molecule inhibitor of USP14[J]. Nature, 2010, 467(7312): 179-184., articleTitle=Enhancement of proteasome activity by a small-molecule inhibitor of USP14, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660364972887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=5, pageStart=480, pageEnd=486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Wu Y, Liang SL, Xu B, journalName=J Zhejiang Univ (Med Ed), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y, Liang SL, Xu B, et al. The protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Ed), 2018, 47(5): 480-486., articleTitle=The protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660448858970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=5, pageStart=480, pageEnd=486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=吴忧, 梁顺利, 徐彬, journalName=浙江大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴忧, 梁顺利, 徐彬, 等. 姜黄素保护帕金森病多巴胺能神经元的机制研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2018, 47(5): 480-486., articleTitle=姜黄素保护帕金森病多巴胺能神经元的机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660528550749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=82, issue=null, pageStart=185, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Paumier KL, Luk KC, Manfredsson FP, journalName=Neurobiol Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paumier KL, Luk KC, Manfredsson FP, et al. Intrastriatal injection of pre-formed mouse α-synuclein fibrils into rats triggers α-synuclein pathology and bilateral nigrostriatal degeneration[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2015, 82:185-199., articleTitle=Intrastriatal injection of pre-formed mouse α-synuclein fibrils into rats triggers α-synuclein pathology and bilateral nigrostriatal degeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660616631134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=284, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Xu ML, Zhang F, Zhang Y, journalName=Chin J Exp Anim Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu ML, Zhang F, Zhang Y, et al. Difference of intestinal microflora in Prnp-SNCA-A53T transgenic mice with Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Exp Anim Sci, 2021, 29(3): 284-292., articleTitle=Difference of intestinal microflora in Prnp-SNCA-A53T transgenic mice with Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660801180514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=284, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=徐美玲, 张帆, 张瑜, journalName=中国实验动物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐美玲, 张帆, 张瑜, 等. Prnp-SNCA-A53T帕金森病转基因小鼠肠道菌群差异[J]. 中国实验动物学报, 2021, 29(3): 284-292., articleTitle=Prnp-SNCA-A53T帕金森病转基因小鼠肠道菌群差异, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660868289382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wu T, Liu L, Li Z, journalName=J Sun Yat-sen Univ (Med Ed), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu T, Liu L, Li Z, et al. Genome-wide methylation sequencing analysis of the midbrain of Parkinsonian model mice with mutant A53T α-synuclein gene[J]. J Sun Yat-sen Univ (Med Ed), 2020, 41(1): 53-59., articleTitle=Genome-wide methylation sequencing analysis of the midbrain of Parkinsonian model mice with mutant A53T α-synuclein gene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026660943786857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=吴婷, 刘琳, 黎昭, journalName=中山大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴婷, 刘琳, 黎昭, 等. 转突变型A53Tα-突触核蛋白基因的帕金森模型小鼠中脑的全基因组甲基化测序分析[J]. 中山大学学报(医学版), 2020, 41(1): 53-59., articleTitle=转突变型A53Tα-突触核蛋白基因的帕金森模型小鼠中脑的全基因组甲基化测序分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661048644460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=422, pageEnd=426, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Guo ML, Gao YY, Zhang QX, journalName=Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo ML, Gao YY, Zhang QX, et al. Effect of Aβ1-42 oligomer on autophagy function of SH SY5YA53T cells overexpressed with α-syn [J].Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, 2019, 45(7): 422-426., articleTitle=Effect of Aβ1-42 oligomer on autophagy function of SH SY5YA53T cells overexpressed with α-syn, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661145113455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=422, pageEnd=426, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=郭曼莉, 高玉元, 张晴曦, journalName=中国神经精神疾病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭曼莉, 高玉元, 张晴曦, 等. Aβ1-42寡聚体对α-syn过表达SH SY5YA53T细胞自噬功能的影响[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志, 2019, 45(7): 422-426., articleTitle=Aβ1-42寡聚体对α-syn过表达SH SY5YA53T细胞自噬功能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661237388146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=12, pageStart=1551, pageEnd=1554, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Ren CZ, Zhang M, Li W, journalName=Chin J Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren CZ, Zhang M, Li W, et al. Effect of Ginkgolide B on α-synuclein expression in MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2021, 37(12): 1551-1554., articleTitle=Effect of Ginkgolide B on α-synuclein expression in MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell model of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661312885622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=12, pageStart=1551, pageEnd=1554, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=24, authorNames=任传忠, 张敏, 李玮, journalName=中国临床药理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任传忠, 张敏, 李玮, 等. 银杏内酯B对MPP+诱导的帕金森病SH-SY5Y细胞模型中α-synuclein表达的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2021, 37(12): 1551-1554., articleTitle=银杏内酯B对MPP+诱导的帕金森病SH-SY5Y细胞模型中α-synuclein表达的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661430326137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=96, issue=null, pageStart=792, pageEnd=797, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Hua J, Yin N, Yang B, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hua J, Yin N, Yang B, et al. Ginkgolide B and bilobalide ameliorate neural cell apoptosis in α-synuclein aggregates[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 96: 792-797., articleTitle=Ginkgolide B and bilobalide ameliorate neural cell apoptosis in α-synuclein aggregates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661547766651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=567, pageEnd=573, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Song N, Wang HJ, Li HB, journalName=Chin J Exp Anim Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song N, Wang HJ, Li HB, et al. Establishment of a rat model of Parkinson's disease with mutation of human α-synaptonucle-oprotein A30P[J]. Chin J Exp Anim Sci, 2018, 26(5): 567-573., articleTitle=Establishment of a rat model of Parkinson's disease with mutation of human α-synaptonucle-oprotein A30P, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661631652733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=567, pageEnd=573, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=27, authorNames=宋娜, 王海军, 李宏彬, journalName=中国实验动物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋娜, 王海军, 李宏彬, 等. 建立人α突触核蛋白A30P突变的帕金森病大鼠模型[J]. 中国实验动物学报, 2018, 26(5): 567-573., articleTitle=建立人α突触核蛋白A30P突变的帕金森病大鼠模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661711344511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=748, pageEnd=753, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Cai NN, Jiang Y, Zhu WQ, journalName=Chin J Veterin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cai NN, Jiang Y, Zhu WQ, et al. Effects of α-synaptic nucleoprotein A30P mutation on hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis in mice[J]. Chin J Veterin Med, 2020, 40(4): 748-753., articleTitle=Effects of α-synaptic nucleoprotein A30P mutation on hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026661807813505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=748, pageEnd=753, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=29, authorNames=蔡宁宁, 姜禹, 朱文倩, journalName=中国兽医学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡宁宁, 姜禹, 朱文倩, 等. α-突触核蛋白A30P突变对小鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2020, 40(4): 748-753., articleTitle=α-突触核蛋白A30P突变对小鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026662944469889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=14, pageStart=2283, pageEnd=2294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zhang XM, Anwar S, Kim Y, journalName=Hum Mol Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XM, Anwar S, Kim Y, et al. The A30P α-synuclein mutation decreases subventricular zone proliferation[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2019, 28(14): 2283-2294., articleTitle=The A30P α-synuclein mutation decreases subventricular zone proliferation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663082881924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=41, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Kiely AP, Ling H, Asi YT, journalName=Mol Neurodegener, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kiely AP, Ling H, Asi YT, et al. Distinct clinical and neuropathological features of G51D SNCA mutation cases compared with SNCA duplication and H50Q mutation[J]. Mol Neurodegener, 2015, 10: 41., articleTitle=Distinct clinical and neuropathological features of G51D SNCA mutation cases compared with SNCA duplication and H50Q mutation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663179350918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=73, issue=4, pageStart=459, pageEnd=471, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Lesage S, Anheim M, Letournel F, journalName=Ann Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lesage S, Anheim M, Letournel F, et al. G51D α-synuclein mutation causes a novel parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome[J]. Ann Neurol, 2013, 73(4): 459-471., articleTitle=G51D α-synuclein mutation causes a novel parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663275819912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=289, issue=32, pageStart=21856, pageEnd=21876, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Khalaf O, Fauvet B, Oueslati A, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khalaf O, Fauvet B, Oueslati A, et al. The H50Q mutation enhances α-synuclein aggregation,secretion,and toxicity[J]. J Biol Chem, 2014, 289(32): 21856-21876., articleTitle=The H50Q mutation enhances α-synuclein aggregation,secretion,and toxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663347123082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=290, issue=4, pageStart=2395, pageEnd=2404, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Porcari R, Proukakis C, Waudby CA, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Porcari R, Proukakis C, Waudby CA, et al. The H50Q mutation induces a 10-fold decrease in the solubility of α-synuclein[J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(4): 2395-2404., articleTitle=The H50Q mutation induces a 10-fold decrease in the solubility of α-synuclein, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663410037644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=29, pageStart=10613, pageEnd=10628, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Tang FL, Erion JR, Tian Y, journalName=J Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang FL, Erion JR, Tian Y, et al. VPS35 in dopamine neurons is required for endosome-to-golgi retrieval of Lamp2a, a receptor of chaperone-mediated autophagy that is critical for α-synuclein degradation and prevention of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease[J]. J Neurosci, 2015, 35(29): 10613-10628., articleTitle=VPS35 in dopamine neurons is required for endosome-to-golgi retrieval of Lamp2a, a receptor of chaperone-mediated autophagy that is critical for α-synuclein degradation and prevention of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663502312334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=12, issue=10, pageStart=1631, pageEnd=1643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Tang FL, Liu W, Hu JX, journalName=Cell Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang FL, Liu W, Hu JX, et al. VPS35 deficiency or mutation causes dopaminergic neuronal loss by impairing mitochondrial fusion and function[J]. Cell Rep, 2015, 12(10): 1631-1643., articleTitle=VPS35 deficiency or mutation causes dopaminergic neuronal loss by impairing mitochondrial fusion and function, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663598781328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=573, pageEnd=586, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Santos D, Esteves AR, Silva DF, journalName=Mol Neurobiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Santos D, Esteves AR, Silva DF, et al. The impact of mitochondrial fusion and fission modulation in sporadic Parkinson's disease[J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2015, 52(1): 573-586., articleTitle=The impact of mitochondrial fusion and fission modulation in sporadic Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663686861714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=2, issue=52, pageStart=52ra73, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Zheng B, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, journalName=Sci Transl Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng B, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, et al. PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2010, 2(52): 52ra73., articleTitle=PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663783330708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=5, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Golpich M, Amini E, Mohamed Z, journalName=CNS Neurosci Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Golpich M, Amini E, Mohamed Z, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and treatment[J]. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017, 23(1): 5-22., articleTitle=Mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026663913354134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=894, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=40, authorNames=González-Casacuberta I, Juárez-Flores DL, Morén C, journalName=Front Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=González-Casacuberta I, Juárez-Flores DL, Morén C, et al. Bioenergetics and autophagic imbalance in Patients-Derived cell models of Parkinson disease supports systemic dysfunction in Neurodegeneration[J]. Front Neurosci, 2019, 13: 894., articleTitle=Bioenergetics and autophagic imbalance in Patients-Derived cell models of Parkinson disease supports systemic dysfunction in Neurodegeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664014017432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=346, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Zha Q, Gao XD, Chen S, journalName=J Chin Pharmaceut Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zha Q, Gao XD, Chen S. Effect of VHL inhibitor on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans induced by rotenone in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Chin Pharmaceut Univ, 2021, 52(3): 346-351., articleTitle=Effect of VHL inhibitor on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans induced by rotenone in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664089514906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=346, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=42, authorNames=查倩, 高向东, 陈松, journalName=中国药科大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=查倩, 高向东, 陈松. VHL抑制剂对鱼藤酮所致帕金森病秀丽隐杆线虫模型的影响[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2021, 52(3): 346-351., articleTitle=VHL抑制剂对鱼藤酮所致帕金森病秀丽隐杆线虫模型的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664156623772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=143, issue=10, pageStart=3041, pageEnd=3051, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Borsche M, König IR, Delcambre S, journalName=Brain, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Borsche M, König IR, Delcambre S, et al. Mitochondrial damage-associated inflammation highlights biomarkers in PRKN/PINK1 parkinsonism[J]. Brain, 2020, 143(10): 3041-3051., articleTitle=Mitochondrial damage-associated inflammation highlights biomarkers in PRKN/PINK1 parkinsonism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664227926940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=32, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Ando M, Fiesel FC, Hudec R, journalName=Mol Neurodegener, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ando M, Fiesel FC, Hudec R, et al. The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin kinase activity[J]. Mol Neurodegener, 2017, 12(1): 32., articleTitle=The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin kinase activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664324395934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Maita C, Maita H, Iguchi-Ariga SM, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Maita C, Maita H, Iguchi-Ariga SM, et al. Monomer DJ-1 and its N-terminal sequence are necessary for mitochondrial localization of DJ-1 mutants[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1): e54087., articleTitle=Monomer DJ-1 and its N-terminal sequence are necessary for mitochondrial localization of DJ-1 mutants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664479585183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=113, pageEnd=130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Li H, Ham A, Ma TC, journalName=Autophagy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H, Ham A, Ma TC, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations[J]. Autophagy, 2019, 15(1):113-130., articleTitle=Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664550888352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=8, issue=10, pageStart=13193, pageEnd=13200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Bai J, Zheng S, Jiang D, journalName=Int J Clin Exp Pathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bai J, Zheng S, Jiang D, et al. Oxidative stress contributes to abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in two hyperlipidemia models[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(10): 13193-13200., articleTitle=Oxidative stress contributes to abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in two hyperlipidemia models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664634774434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=638, pageEnd=647, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Huang XC, Li H, Wang BH, journalName=J Jilin Univ (Med Ed), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang XC, Li H, Wang BH, et al. Protective effect of lidocaine on PC12 cells in Parkinson's disease model and its mechanism[J]. J Jilin Univ (Med Ed), 2022, 48(3): 638-647., articleTitle=Protective effect of lidocaine on PC12 cells in Parkinson's disease model and its mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664697688996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=638, pageEnd=647, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=49, authorNames=黄笑尘, 李浩, 王保华, journalName=吉林大学学报(医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄笑尘, 李浩, 王保华, 等. 利多卡因对帕金森模型PC12细胞的保护作用及其机制[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2022, 48(3): 638-647., articleTitle=利多卡因对帕金森模型PC12细胞的保护作用及其机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664794157990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=2016, issue=null, pageStart=5698931, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Biswas SK, journalName=Oxid Med Cell Longev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Biswas SK. Does the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation explain the antioxidant paradox?[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 2016: 5698931., articleTitle=Does the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation explain the antioxidant paradox?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664907404200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=246, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Ding Y, Xin C, Zhang CW, journalName=Front Aging Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Y, Xin C, Zhang CW, et al. Natural molecules from Chinese herbs protecting against Parkinson's disease via anti-oxidative stress[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2018, 10: 246., articleTitle=Natural molecules from Chinese herbs protecting against Parkinson's disease via anti-oxidative stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026664978707370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=690, pageEnd=693, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Pan KD, Chen WA, Fang H, journalName=Chin J Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan KD, Chen WA, Fang H, et al. Clinical study of Donepezil hydrochloride tablets combined with Selegiline tablets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 33(8): 690-693., articleTitle=Clinical study of Donepezil hydrochloride tablets combined with Selegiline tablets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665041621932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=690, pageEnd=693, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=53, authorNames=潘可达, 陈为安, 方慧, journalName=中国临床药理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘可达, 陈为安, 方慧, 等. 盐酸多奈哌齐片联合司来吉兰片治疗帕金森病的临床研究[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2017, 33(8): 690-693., articleTitle=盐酸多奈哌齐片联合司来吉兰片治疗帕金森病的临床研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665121313710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=17, issue=6, pageStart=904, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Sarkar S, Raymick J, Imam S, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sarkar S, Raymick J, Imam S. Neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies against Parkinson's disease: recent perspectives[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2016, 17(6): 904., articleTitle=Neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies against Parkinson's disease: recent perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665217782703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=12, pageStart=1462, pageEnd=1466, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Cheng BC, Bai HY, Zheng SR, journalName=Chin J General Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng BC, Bai HY, Zheng SR, et al. Protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra induced by rotenone[J]. Chin J General Med, 2016, 19(12): 1462-1466., articleTitle=Protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra induced by rotenone, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665293280176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=12, pageStart=1462, pageEnd=1466, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=56, authorNames=程宝仓, 白宏英, 郑世茹, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程宝仓, 白宏英, 郑世茹, 等. 姜黄素对鱼藤酮诱导的黑质多巴胺能神经元损伤的保护作用[J]. 中国全科医学, 2016, 19(12): 1462-1466., articleTitle=姜黄素对鱼藤酮诱导的黑质多巴胺能神经元损伤的保护作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665398137777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=504, pageEnd=508, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Zeng XS, Sun ST, Chen L, journalName=J Xinyang Norm Univ (Nat Sci), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng XS, Sun ST, Chen L, et al. Research progress of the neuroprotective effect of tea polyphenols in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Xinyang Norm Univ (Nat Sci), 2017, 30(3): 504-508., articleTitle=Research progress of the neuroprotective effect of tea polyphenols in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665490412466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=504, pageEnd=508, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=58, authorNames=曾宪思, 孙姝婷, 陈磊, journalName=信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾宪思, 孙姝婷, 陈磊, 等. 茶多酚在帕金森病中的神经保护作用研究进展[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 30(3): 504-508., articleTitle=茶多酚在帕金森病中的神经保护作用研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665603658675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=431, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Wu Y, Wang XS, Zhang L, journalName=J Clin Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y, Wang XS, Zhang L, et al. Study on the antioxidant effect of metoba in patients with Parkinson's disease[J]. J Clin Neurol, 2015, 28(6): 431-433., articleTitle=Study on the antioxidant effect of metoba in patients with Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665754653620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=431, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=60, authorNames=吴艳, 王小姗, 张丽, journalName=临床神经病学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴艳, 王小姗, 张丽, 等. 美多芭对帕金森病患者抗氧化效应的研究[J]. 临床神经病学杂志, 2015, 28(6):431-433., articleTitle=美多芭对帕金森病患者抗氧化效应的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665825956789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=969, pageEnd=972, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Yang Y, Zhang XL, Wang YP, journalName=Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Zhang XL, Wang YP, et al. Effects of antrodia camphora polysaccharide on the behavior and antioxidant damage/anti-inflammatory ability of 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, 2017, 34(7): 969-972., articleTitle=Effects of antrodia camphora polysaccharide on the behavior and antioxidant damage/anti-inflammatory ability of 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665901454262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=969, pageEnd=972, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=62, authorNames=杨毅, 张晓玲, 王琰萍, journalName=中国现代应用药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨毅, 张晓玲, 王琰萍, 等. 樟芝多糖对6-OHDA构建的帕金森小鼠模型的行为及抗氧化损伤/抗炎能力的影响[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2017, 34(7): 969-972., articleTitle=樟芝多糖对6-OHDA构建的帕金森小鼠模型的行为及抗氧化损伤/抗炎能力的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026665985340343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=213, pageEnd=219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Yu GH, Pei WX, Sun HJ, journalName=Chin J Exp Form, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu GH, Pei WX, Sun HJ, et al. Research progress on the neuroprotective mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides[J]. Chin J Exp Form, 2018, 24(9): 213-219., articleTitle=Research progress on the neuroprotective mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026666073420728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=213, pageEnd=219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=64, authorNames=于国华, 裴纹萱, 孙慧娟, journalName=中国实验方剂学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于国华, 裴纹萱, 孙慧娟, 等. 枸杞多糖的神经保护作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2018, 24(9): 213-219., articleTitle=枸杞多糖的神经保护作用机制研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026666148918201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=44, issue=10, pageStart=613, pageEnd=618, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Chen H, Zhang H, Jie SL, journalName=Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen H, Zhang H, Jie SL, et al. Antioxidation and neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on mice with Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, 2018, 44(10): 613-618., articleTitle=Antioxidation and neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on mice with Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026666253775802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=44, issue=10, pageStart=613, pageEnd=618, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=66, authorNames=陈浩, 张皓, 洁师亮, journalName=中国神经精神疾病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈浩, 张皓, 洁师亮, 等. 枸杞多糖对帕金森病小鼠的抗氧化作用和神经保护效应[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志, 2018, 44(10): 613-618., articleTitle=枸杞多糖对帕金森病小鼠的抗氧化作用和神经保护效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026666320884667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=384, pageEnd=388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Gao GZ, Wu C, Shan LL, journalName=Chin J Clin Pharmac Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao GZ, Wu C, Shan LL, et al. Effects of sulfated poria polysaccharide on antioxidant capacity of brain tissue of Parkinson's disease model rats[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmac Ther, 2016, 21(4): 384-388., articleTitle=Effects of sulfated poria polysaccharide on antioxidant capacity of brain tissue of Parkinson's disease model rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667461735356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=384, pageEnd=388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=68, authorNames=高贵珍, 吴超, 单玲玲, journalName=中国临床药理学与治疗学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高贵珍, 吴超, 单玲玲, 等. 硫酸化茯苓多糖对帕金森模型鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2016, 21(4): 384-388., articleTitle=硫酸化茯苓多糖对帕金森模型鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667587564477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=176, pageEnd=180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Zhou XY, Ba ZS, Zhu L, journalName=Pharmacol Clin Trad Chin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou XY, Ba ZS, Zhu L, et al. Effects of Icariin on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease[J]. Pharmacol Clin Trad Chin Med, 2019, 35(5): 176-180., articleTitle=Effects of Icariin on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667667256254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=176, pageEnd=180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=70, authorNames=周新宇, 巴智胜, 朱丽, journalName=中药药理与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周新宇, 巴智胜, 朱丽, 等. 淫羊藿素在帕金森病模型中抗线粒体功能障碍与抗氧化应激机制的研究[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2019, 35(5): 176-180., articleTitle=淫羊藿素在帕金森病模型中抗线粒体功能障碍与抗氧化应激机制的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667776308159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=675, pageEnd=679, 695, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Zhang H, Ma HQ, Wang XJ, journalName=J Shenyang Pharmac Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Ma HQ, Wang XJ. Ginkgo biloba extract exerts protective effects on the brain of rats with Parkinson's disease by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway[J]. J Shenyang Pharmac Univ, 2018, 35(8): 675-679, 695., articleTitle=Ginkgo biloba extract exerts protective effects on the brain of rats with Parkinson's disease by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667847611328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=675, pageEnd=679, 695, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=72, authorNames=张辉, 马惠清, 王晓娟, journalName=沈阳药科大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张辉, 马惠清, 王晓娟. 银杏叶提取物通过激活Nrf2-ARE信号通路对帕金森病大鼠发挥脑保护作用[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 2018, 35(8): 675-679, 695., articleTitle=银杏叶提取物通过激活Nrf2-ARE信号通路对帕金森病大鼠发挥脑保护作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026667923108801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=2575, pageEnd=2579, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Chen Q, Li SD, Liu Y, journalName=Chin J Trad Chin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Q, Li SD, Liu Y, et al. Role of Nrf2 and its antioxidant damage pathway in Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Trad Chin Med, 2017, 35(10): 2575-2579., articleTitle=Role of Nrf2 and its antioxidant damage pathway in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668040549314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=2575, pageEnd=2579, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=74, authorNames=陈琦, 李绍旦, 刘毅, journalName=中华中医药学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈琦, 李绍旦, 刘毅, 等. Nrf2及其抗氧化损伤通路在帕金森病中的作用[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2017, 35(10): 2575-2579., articleTitle=Nrf2及其抗氧化损伤通路在帕金森病中的作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668120241091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2018, issue=null, pageStart=2917981, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Li Y, Wu J, Yu X, journalName=Oxid Med Cell Longev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y, Wu J, Yu X, et al. The protective role of brain CYP2J in Parkinson's disease models[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018: 2917981., articleTitle=The protective role of brain CYP2J in Parkinson's disease models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668191544260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=131, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=76, authorNames=von Otter M, Bergström P, Quattrone A, journalName=BMC Med Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=von Otter M, Bergström P, Quattrone A. Genetic associations of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 variants with Parkinson's disease-a multicenter study[J]. BMC Med Genet, 2014, 15: 131., articleTitle=Genetic associations of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 variants with Parkinson's disease-a multicenter study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668296401861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=17, pageStart=4333, pageEnd=4337, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Qi XZ, Xing YY, Qin HB, journalName=Chin J Gerontol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi XZ, Xing YY, Qin HB. Overexpression of SHC3 activates AKT/Nrf2/GSH pathway to protect against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Gerontol, 2019, 39(17): 4333-4337., articleTitle=Overexpression of SHC3 activates AKT/Nrf2/GSH pathway to protect against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668367705030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=17, pageStart=4333, pageEnd=4337, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=78, authorNames=齐献忠, 邢英瀛, 秦慧兵, journalName=中国老年学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=齐献忠, 邢英瀛, 秦慧兵. 过表达SHC3激活AKT/Nrf2/GSH通路保护帕金森病氧化应激损伤[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(17): 4333-4337., articleTitle=过表达SHC3激活AKT/Nrf2/GSH通路保护帕金森病氧化应激损伤, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668497728455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=493, issue=4, pageStart=1443, pageEnd=1449, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=79, authorNames=Huang TT, Hao DL, Wu BN, journalName=Biochem Biophys Res Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang TT, Hao DL, Wu BN, et al. Uric acid demonstrates neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease mice through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, 493(4): 1443-1449., articleTitle=Uric acid demonstrates neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease mice through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668560643016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=32, issue=null, pageStart=96, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=80, authorNames=Zhao XD, Wang FX, Cao WF, journalName=Int Immunopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao XD, Wang FX, Cao WF, et al. TLR4 signaling mediates AP-1 activation in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2016, 32: 96-102., articleTitle=TLR4 signaling mediates AP-1 activation in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668631946185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=76, issue=null, pageStart=236, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=81, authorNames=Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R, journalName=Brain Behav Immun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R. TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2019, 76: 236-247., articleTitle=TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668703249354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=1503, pageEnd=1512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=82, authorNames=Shao Q H, Chen Y, Li FF, journalName=Acta Pharmacol Sin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao Q H, Chen Y, Li FF, et al. TLR4 deficiency has a protective effect in the MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2019, 40(12): 1503-1512., articleTitle=TLR4 deficiency has a protective effect in the MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668782941131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=1702, issue=null, pageStart=96, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=83, authorNames=Singh A, Zhi L, Zhang H, journalName=Brain Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singh A, Zhi L, Zhang H. LRRK2 and mitochondria: recent advances and current views[J]. Brain Res, 2019, 1702: 96-104., articleTitle=LRRK2 and mitochondria: recent advances and current views, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668837467084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=373, issue=1, pageStart=39, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=84, authorNames=Price A, Manzoni C, Cookson MR, journalName=Cell Tissue Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Price A, Manzoni C, Cookson MR, et al. The LRRK2 signalling system[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2018, 373(1): 39-50., articleTitle=The LRRK2 signalling system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668891993037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=158, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=85, authorNames=Mancini A, Mazzocchetti P, Sciaccaluga M, journalName=Front Cell Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mancini A, Mazzocchetti P, Sciaccaluga M, et al. From synaptic dysfunction to neuroprotective strategies in genetic Parkinson's disease:Lessons from LRRK2[J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14: 158., articleTitle=From synaptic dysfunction to neuroprotective strategies in genetic Parkinson's disease:Lessons from LRRK2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026668963296206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=2675, pageEnd=2692, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=86, authorNames=Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, journalName=Neurochem Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Neuroprotective effect of the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor PF-06447475 in human nerve-like differentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress stimuli: implications for Parkinson's disease[J]. Neurochem Res, 2016, 41(10): 2675-2692., articleTitle=Neuroprotective effect of the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor PF-06447475 in human nerve-like differentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress stimuli: implications for Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669051376591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=6, pageStart=912, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=87, authorNames=Polissidis A, Petropoulou-Vathi L, Nakos-Bimpos M, journalName=Biomolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Polissidis A, Petropoulou-Vathi L, Nakos-Bimpos M, et al. The future of targeted gene-based treatment strategies and biomarkers in Parkinson's disease[J]. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(6): 912., articleTitle=The future of targeted gene-based treatment strategies and biomarkers in Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669118485456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=355, issue=3, pageStart=397, pageEnd=409, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=88, authorNames=Fell MJ, Mirescu C, Basu K, journalName=Pharmacol Exp Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fell MJ, Mirescu C, Basu K, et al. MLi-2, a potent, selective, and centrally active compound for exploring the therapeutic potential and safety of LRRK2 kinase inhibition[J]. Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2015, 355(3): 397-409., articleTitle=MLi-2, a potent, selective, and centrally active compound for exploring the therapeutic potential and safety of LRRK2 kinase inhibition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669210760145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=24, issue=null, pageStart=1051, pageEnd=1053, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=89, authorNames=Zhao HT, John N, Delic V, journalName=Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao HT, John N, Delic V, et al. Erratum: LRRK2 antisense oligonucleotides ameliorate α-synuclein inclusion formation in a Parkinson's disease mouse model[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2021, 24: 1051-1053., articleTitle=Erratum: LRRK2 antisense oligonucleotides ameliorate α-synuclein inclusion formation in a Parkinson's disease mouse model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669269480402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=6, pageStart=709, pageEnd=724, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=90, authorNames=Hsieh CH, Shaltouki A, Gonzalez AE, journalName=Cell Stem Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hsieh CH, Shaltouki A, Gonzalez AE, et al. Functional impairment in miro degradation and mitophagy is a shared feature in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2016, 19(6): 709-724., articleTitle=Functional impairment in miro degradation and mitophagy is a shared feature in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669344977875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=337, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=91, authorNames=Thomas JM, Li T, Yang W, journalName=Front Aging Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thomas JM, Li T, Yang W, et al. 68 and FX2149 attenuate mutant LRRK2-R1441C-Induced neural transport impairment[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2017, 8: 337., articleTitle=68 and FX2149 attenuate mutant LRRK2-R1441C-Induced neural transport impairment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669412086740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=78, issue=null, pageStart=172, pageEnd=195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=92, authorNames=Yue M, Hinkle KM, Davies P, journalName=Neurobiol Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yue M, Hinkle KM, Davies P, et al. Progressive dopaminergic alterations and mitochondrial abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2015, 78: 172-195., articleTitle=Progressive dopaminergic alterations and mitochondrial abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669479195605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=24, issue=21, pageStart=6013, pageEnd=6028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=93, authorNames=Henry AG, Aghamohammadzadeh S, Samaroo H, journalName=Hum Mol Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Henry AG, Aghamohammadzadeh S, Samaroo H, et al. Pathogenic LRRK2 mutations, through increased kinase activity, produce enlarged lysosomes with reduced degradative capacity and increase ATP13A2 expression[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2015, 24(21): 6013-6028., articleTitle=Pathogenic LRRK2 mutations, through increased kinase activity, produce enlarged lysosomes with reduced degradative capacity and increase ATP13A2 expression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669537915862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=72, issue=1, pageStart=100, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=94, authorNames=Kalia LV, Lang AE, Hazrati LN, journalName=JAMA Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kalia LV, Lang AE, Hazrati LN, et al. Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson disease[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(1): 100-105., articleTitle=Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669592441815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=72, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=95, authorNames=Hao D, Peng W, Jankovic J, journalName=Ageing Res Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hao D, Peng W, Jankovic J. The genetics of Parkinson disease[J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2017, 42: 72-85., articleTitle=The genetics of Parkinson disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669655356376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=4814, pageEnd=4823, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=96, authorNames=Huang X, Wu C, Park Y, journalName=FASEB J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang X, Wu C, Park Y, et al. The Parkinson's disease-associated mutation N1437H impairs conformational dynamics in the G domain of LRRK2[J]. FASEB J, 2019, 33(4): 4814-4823., articleTitle=The Parkinson's disease-associated mutation N1437H impairs conformational dynamics in the G domain of LRRK2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669722465241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=332, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=97, authorNames=Puschmann A, Englund E, Ross OA, journalName=Parkinsonism Relat Disord, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Puschmann A, Englund E, Ross OA, et al. First neuropathological description of a patient with Parkinson's disease and LRRK2 p.N1437H mutation[J]. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2012, 18(4): 332-338., articleTitle=First neuropathological description of a patient with Parkinson's disease and LRRK2 p.N1437H mutation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669789574106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=275, issue=null, pageStart=104, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=98, authorNames=Weng YH, Chen CY, Lin KJ, journalName=Exp Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weng YH, Chen CY, Lin KJ, et al. (R1441C) LRRK2 induces the degeneration of SN dopaminergic neurons and alters the expression of genes regulating neuronal survival in a transgenic mouse model[J]. Exp Neurol, 2016, 275(Pt 1): 104-115., articleTitle=(R1441C) LRRK2 induces the degeneration of SN dopaminergic neurons and alters the expression of genes regulating neuronal survival in a transgenic mouse model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200026669877654491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=70, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=99, authorNames=Haugarvoll K, Rademakers R, Kachergus JM, journalName=Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haugarvoll K, Rademakers R, Kachergus JM, et al. Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease[J]. Neurology, 2008, 70(16Pt2): 1456-1460., articleTitle=Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200026657210856215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Outstanding Youth Talents Program of Shanxi Province (2019 year), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026657324102430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(2019年), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026658485924642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=2021-142, language=EN, fundingSource=Research Project of Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-142), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026658620142373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=2021-142, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2021-142), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026658716611369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=Y213004, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Science and Technology R&D Project of Jinzhong(Y213004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026658813080363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=Y213004, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省晋中市科技重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(Y213004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026658938909486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=2021PY-QN-03, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Innovation Ability Cultivation Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2021PY-QN-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200026659014406958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, awardId=2021PY-QN-03, language=CN, fundingSource=山西中医药大学青年科学家培育计划项目(2021PY-QN-03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200026649912766962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649921155569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026649929544178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026649912766962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200026650013430263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650021818873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650013430263, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650026013178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650013430263, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200026650093122049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650101510657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650093122049, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200026650105704962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, companyId=1200026650093122049, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200026655822541540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease caused by anomalous aggregation of α-synuclein, figureFileSmall=1Tq9VZaHdBJBci5qhKP5Kg==, figureFileBig=31DBSblR2E8L/kS0g2ZbdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026655960953577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, label=图1, caption=α-突触核蛋白异常聚集导致帕金森病的可能机制

α⁃syn. α-突触核蛋白;FN075. 一种肽模拟物;LAG3. 淋巴细胞活化基因3;DA. 多巴胺;VPS35. 液泡分选蛋白35;OS. 氧化应激;PD. 帕金森病

, figureFileSmall=1Tq9VZaHdBJBci5qhKP5Kg==, figureFileBig=31DBSblR2E8L/kS0g2ZbdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026656330052337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The therapeutic measures to Parkinson's disease with LRRK2 gene mutation, figureFileSmall=wl04t1q4i7H8Xo2CiYXZew==, figureFileBig=nIdeZTz4aQS0qCsDUMI82w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026656422327030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, label=图2, caption=针对LRRK2基因突变的帕金森病治疗措施

LRRK2. 富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2基因;PD. 帕金森病;ASO. 反义寡核苷酸

, figureFileSmall=wl04t1q4i7H8Xo2CiYXZew==, figureFileBig=nIdeZTz4aQS0qCsDUMI82w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200026656539767546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

SNCA point mutations related to Parkinson's disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

SNCA
因点突变

首次报
道时间

突变意义功能
A53T1997年可导致常染色体显性遗传的早发性PD能引起胃肠道局部和系统性的炎症反应及氧化应激、中脑DA能神经元DNA甲基化改变
A30P1998年可导致家族性PD使中脑黑质致密部DA能神经元发生大量变性丢失,在神经元缺失区域内α-syn聚集
G51D2013年可导致早发性PD,锥体综合征黑质和纹状体中存在大量神经元丢失、出现α-syn异常聚集
H50Q2013年可导致常染色体显性遗传性PD可导致体外α-syn原纤维的形成、细胞外α-syn的神经元毒性并引起线粒体功能障碍
), ArticleFig(id=1200026656644625151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

与帕金森病相关的SNCA基因点突变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

SNCA
因点突变

首次报
道时间

突变意义功能
A53T1997年可导致常染色体显性遗传的早发性PD能引起胃肠道局部和系统性的炎症反应及氧化应激、中脑DA能神经元DNA甲基化改变
A30P1998年可导致家族性PD使中脑黑质致密部DA能神经元发生大量变性丢失,在神经元缺失区域内α-syn聚集
G51D2013年可导致早发性PD,锥体综合征黑质和纹状体中存在大量神经元丢失、出现α-syn异常聚集
H50Q2013年可导致常染色体显性遗传性PD可导致体外α-syn原纤维的形成、细胞外α-syn的神经元毒性并引起线粒体功能障碍
), ArticleFig(id=1200026656745288453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Gene mutations which lead to mitochondrial dysfunction related of Parkinson's disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

线粒体相
关突变基因

首次报
道时间

突变意义功能异常
PRKN1988年可导致早发性家族性PD受损线粒体积累,黑质中DA能神经元丧失
PINK12004年可导致常染色体隐性遗传性PD线粒体功能障碍,受损线粒体得不到有效清除,导致DA能神经元丧失
DJ-12003年可导致常染色体隐性遗传性早发性PD线粒体过度自噬,导致神经元供能不足,引起DA能神经元死亡
GBA1996年可导致进行性PD和路易体痴呆引起溶酶体功能障碍,使α-syn得不到有效清除,造成神经元线粒体功能障碍,导致神经元无法维持生理功能
), ArticleFig(id=1200026656862728971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引发与帕金森病相关线粒体功能异常的部分基因突变

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

线粒体相
关突变基因

首次报
道时间

突变意义功能异常
PRKN1988年可导致早发性家族性PD受损线粒体积累,黑质中DA能神经元丧失
PINK12004年可导致常染色体隐性遗传性PD线粒体功能障碍,受损线粒体得不到有效清除,导致DA能神经元丧失
DJ-12003年可导致常染色体隐性遗传性早发性PD线粒体过度自噬,导致神经元供能不足,引起DA能神经元死亡
GBA1996年可导致进行性PD和路易体痴呆引起溶酶体功能障碍,使α-syn得不到有效清除,造成神经元线粒体功能障碍,导致神经元无法维持生理功能
), ArticleFig(id=1200026656984363793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

LRRK2 gene mutations related to Parkinson's disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LRRK2基因突变位点首次报道时间突变意义功能异常
G2019S2005年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD损害自噬过程,导致α-syn在体外和体内大量积累
N1437H2004年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD脑黑质中的细胞几乎完全丢失,表现为α-syn阳性病变
R1441C2004年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD出现晚发性DA能神经元死亡和运动功能障碍等PD表型
), ArticleFig(id=1200026657101804308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200026647492653465, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

与帕金森病相关的LRRK2基因突变位点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LRRK2基因突变位点首次报道时间突变意义功能异常
G2019S2005年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD损害自噬过程,导致α-syn在体外和体内大量积累
N1437H2004年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD脑黑质中的细胞几乎完全丢失,表现为α-syn阳性病变
R1441C2004年多为晚发性、家族性或散发性PD出现晚发性DA能神经元死亡和运动功能障碍等PD表型
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
帕金森病发病机制研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
肖琪 1 , 樊慧杰 1 , 李艳荣 1 , 孙芮芮 1 , 贾璐 1 , 徐磊 1 , 尉杰忠 2 , 肖保国 3 , 马存根 1 , 柴智 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023,48(8): 983-992
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2023, 48(8): 983-992
帕金森病发病机制研究进展
全屏
肖琪1, 樊慧杰1, 李艳荣1, 孙芮芮1, 贾璐1, 徐磊1, 尉杰忠2, 肖保国3, 马存根1, 柴智1, *
作者信息
  • 1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
  • 2山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009
  • 3复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025
  • 肖琪,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治神经系统疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

柴智,E-mail:
Research progress on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Qi Xiao1, Hui-Jie Fan1, Yan-Rong Li1, Rui-Rui Sun1, Lu Jia1, Lei Xu1, Jie-Zhong Wei2, Bao-Guo Xiao3, Cun-Gen Ma1, Zhi Chai1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Basic Medical Science/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619 , China
  • 2Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
  • 3Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China
出版时间: 2023-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224
文章导航
收藏切换

帕金森病是中老年人常见的神经系统慢性炎性变性疾病,以黑质中多巴胺能神经元减少和路易小体形成为主要病理基础,其常见临床表现有静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌张力增强和姿势步态异常等。该病发病机制十分复杂,可能与年龄、环境、遗传、氧化应激及线粒体功能障碍等多种因素有关。本文综述了导致多巴胺能神经元变性的α-突触核蛋白、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍,以及富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2(LRRK2)基因突变等因素在帕金森病发病过程中作用机制的相关研究进展,以期为帕金森病的基础和临床研究提供参考。

帕金森病  /  α-突触核蛋白  /  线粒体功能障碍  /  氧化应激  /  LRRK2基因突变

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system in the middle-aged and elderly. The main pathological basis of PD is the decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Louie bodies. The clinical manifestations of PD are usually quiescent tremor, bradykinesia, enhanced muscle tone and abnormal posture and gait. The pathogenesis of PD is very complex, which may be related to age, environment, heredity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we summarized research progress on the mechanisms and treatment methods of α-synuclein, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, LRRK2 gene mutation and other factors leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD, in order to provide a reference for basic and clinical research of PD.

Parkinson's disease  /  α-synuclein  /  mitochondrial dysfunction  /  oxidative stress  /  LRRK2 gene mutation
肖琪, 樊慧杰, 李艳荣, 孙芮芮, 贾璐, 徐磊, 尉杰忠, 肖保国, 马存根, 柴智. 帕金森病发病机制研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (8) : 983 -992 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224
Qi Xiao, Hui-Jie Fan, Yan-Rong Li, Rui-Rui Sun, Lu Jia, Lei Xu, Jie-Zhong Wei, Bao-Guo Xiao, Cun-Gen Ma, Zhi Chai. Research progress on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (8) : 983 -992 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224
帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)也称震颤麻痹(paralysis agitans,shaking palsy),是中老年人常见的神经系统慢性变性疾病,也是常见的锥体外系疾病。PD的病理标志是α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)聚集,尤其在黑质内;这一聚集以细胞内的路易体和神经炎聚集的形式发生[1]。PD患者脑中的显著病理特征为多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元慢性丢失或黑质内尚存的DA能神经元中的异常聚集体[2]
65岁以上人群PD患病率达1000/10万,且随年龄增长而增高,男性稍多于女性。该病的主要临床表现包括静止性震颤,动作迟缓及减少,肌张力增高,姿势不稳等[3-4]。PD的发病原因十分复杂,本文就导致PD的致病机制及其治疗进展做一综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。
α-syn的病理变化是PD的标志,也会进一步导致神经元功能障碍和死亡。α-syn水平改变可导致家族性PD,其积累可导致突触核蛋白病,包括PD、路易体痴呆和多系统萎缩[5]
α⁃syn是由140个氨基酸残基组成的细胞内神经元蛋白,主要位于突触前末端;该突触末端可介导神经递质的释放,也可导致神经元损伤,并参与中枢神经系统的神经变性过程,是路易体和路易突起包含的主要成分[6]。在单体状态下,α-syn是无序、可溶的,是细胞质中的常见形式[7]。α⁃syn低聚物是路易体的淀粉样蛋白生成途径中的主要毒性物质[8]。在体的一种新型肽模拟物FN075可促进内源性α⁃syn聚集,注射FN075到大鼠黑质后,会导致其运动功能障碍及DA能神经元丢失,提示α⁃syn聚集与PD的发生有关[9]。敲低小胶质细胞中一种氧化应激传感器(DJ-1)后,其对DA能神经元的神经毒性增加,且对α-syn产生炎性反应,使细胞摄取和清除α-syn的能力受损[10]。Hua等[11]研究发现,星形胶质细胞通过内吞作用捕获α⁃syn,并将其运输到溶酶体发挥清除作用,若捕获能力长期大于降解能力,可使α-syn在星形胶质细胞内聚集,导致PD的发生。病理性α-syn错误折叠形成的聚集体可在淋巴细胞活化基因3(lymphocyte activation gene 3,LAG3)的作用下,在相邻神经元细胞之间传播,加速神经元细胞的损伤,导致PD的发生与进行性发展[12]。以上均提示α-syn的异常聚集是导致PD的重要机制(图1),因此,如何阻止α-syn异常聚集成为相关研究关注的核心问题之一。
针对α-syn的异常聚集,目前提出了抑制α⁃syn聚集和促进α⁃syn消除等措施。例如,蛋白酶体相关的去泛素化酶Usp14的小分子抑制剂可通过增强蛋白酶体活性促进α-syn的清除[13];姜黄素可提升细胞自噬能力,使α-syn出现自噬性清除,从而减轻DA能神经元损伤[14]。近期阻止α-syn聚集的相关研究不断增多,有望推动PD治疗方式的进步。
SNCA位于人类染色体4q21-23,包含6个外显子,该基因编码蛋白质α-syn,是发现较早的与家族性PD相关的致病基因。研究显示,SNCA的点突变可引发α-syn异常折叠、堆积及神经元损伤,继而导致PD的发生[15]
1997年,有研究报告常染色体显性遗传PD家系SNCAA53T突变后,人们开始对不同PD人群进行SNCA基因突变检测,并制作了多种SNCA突变的动物模型,如Thy1-α SNCAA53T转基因小鼠模型、Thy1-α SNCAWT转基因小鼠模型、α-syn转基因大鼠PD模型(Thy-A30P-A53T)、α-syn过表达大鼠PD模型(rAAV-CBA-α-synuclein)等。这些模型能模仿PD的主要生理病理特征和功能障碍,提示SNCA突变与α-syn改变及神经元变性有关(表1)。徐美玲等[16]的研究显示,A53T转基因小鼠发生了胃肠道局部和系统性的炎症反应及氧化应激反应,存在α-syn的异常聚集物和修饰形式,在黑质和纹状体中,α-syn蛋白表达升高,提示α-syn的A53T点突变参与了PD的发病过程。吴婷等[17]报告,SNCA基因A53T点位突变会引发小鼠中脑DA能神经元的DNA甲基化改变,而在PD患者中,SNCA基因甲基化水平下降,导致其表达产物α-syn增多。而通过慢病毒转染建立的α-syn A53T过表达SHSY5Y细胞模型可模仿PD神经元α-syn过表达这一病理特征[18]。A53T突变的部分患者具有更多的突触核蛋白沉积,与野生型相比,α-syn A53T突变对原纤维形成蛋白质起到明显的加速作用。研究显示,在甲基-苯基-吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyr-idinium,MPP+)诱导的PD SH-SY5Y细胞模型中,银杏内酯B(ginkgolide B,GB)可下调 miR-207的靶基因LAMP2A,通过分子伴侣介导的自噬作用促进α-syn降解,改善野生型 α-syn聚集体导致的神经细胞凋亡[19-20]。总之,SNCAA53T突变研究为PD发病机制与治疗的探索提供了一个新方向。
α-A30P转基因大鼠模型中,大鼠中脑黑质致密部DA能神经元发生了大量变性丢失,且α-syn在神经元缺失区域内大量聚集,提示该模型可模拟PD疾病的主要病理特点,也可模拟PD患者的部分运动功能障碍[21](表1)。已知PD的发生发展与大脑海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)神经紊乱有关,而研究显示A30P SNCA可显著抑制小鼠DG细胞的增殖、分化等神经发生活动[22]。人α-A30P突变型转基因大鼠PD模型脑内出现大量聚集的α-syn蛋白,DA能神经元数量减少,进而导致进行性的运动功能障碍[23]
G51D点突变于2013年由苏珊娜·勒萨热等发现。SNCA G51D点突变在中国汉族人群中十分罕见,且在全球范围也较为少见。国内解放军总医院海南医院报告了2例SNCA G51D错义突变的PD患者,其细胞病理具有PD和多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)的特征,有明显的皮质萎缩。临床研究显示,G51D病例存在α-syn异常聚集,具有早发性左旋多巴反应性PD综合征伴痴呆、幻觉和自主神经功能障碍[24]。在国外4例G51D突变患者的临床调查中,其中3例早发性PD患者均伴有运动障碍和锥体束受累的表现,病理检查结果显示黑质和纹状体中存在大量神经元丢失,并伴有星形胶质细胞增生[25](表1)。SNCA G51D突变病例始终具有PD和MSA的临床和神经病理学特征,虽然H50Q突变位点紧邻α-syn区域内的G51D位点,但SNCA G51D突变的PD患者与携带H50Q的PD患者存在明显区别。
2013年,H50Q点突变作为PD的新型致病性突变被提出。有研究指出,H50Q突变可加速体外α-syn原纤维的形成、细胞外α-syn的神经元毒性并导致线粒体功能障碍[26-27](表1)。SNCA H50Q突变病例的临床表现与迟发性特发性PD相似,表现出持续左旋多巴反应。
线粒体功能障碍会损伤神经元和神经胶质细胞,导致腺苷三磷酸(ATP)减少、自由基增多、钙稳态失衡、线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)突变,以及通过多种途径与线粒体对接的异常蛋白质产生,进而引起PD的神经变性。
线粒体融合与裂变动力学功能失调被认为是导致神经退行性疾病(如PD)的原因之一。裂变可促进线粒体的分布以响应其对ATP的需求,而融合有助于替换受损的mtDNA。与线粒体功能障碍相关的新的PD基因——液泡分选蛋白35基因(VPS35)缺陷或突变会导致中脑的线粒体融合功能障碍,使线粒体断裂、分解,DA能神经元损伤,最终引起神经变性[28-29]。线粒体动力学受损会导致活性氧 (reactive oxygen species,ROS) 产生,线粒体膜电位降低,并可能加剧功能失调的线粒体的积累。多项研究显示,线粒体功能障碍是PD发病机制的核心,富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2基因(leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene,LRRK2)突变可影响线粒体动力学、线粒体的运输及粒体自噬。在散发性PD细胞模型中,调节线粒体裂变事件的蛋白质(Drp1)依赖性线粒体片段化在介导散发性PD中线粒体DNA诱导的线粒体异常和细胞功能障碍中起着至关重要的作用[30]
线粒体呼吸链抑制可能导致氧消耗不完全、ATP减少和自由基形成增加,自由基则直接抑制线粒体的呼吸链导致有害循环,从而引起细胞氧化损伤。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α(PGC-1α)是多种转录因子的辅激活因子,它是线粒体生物发生的主要调节剂。在细胞模型中,PGC-1α可上调线粒体呼吸链的核编码亚基,并阻止鱼藤酮或突变体α-syn诱导的DA能神经元丢失和神经毒性[31]。研究显示,PD患者死亡后脑中PGC-1α水平在黑质中降低;另有研究发现,PGC-1α过表达会导致大鼠黑质纹状体系统中DA能神经元突然退化[32]。这些都提示线粒体功能障碍对PD疾病的进展有重要作用。在过去几年中,1-甲基-4苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)和鱼藤酮等诱导线粒体呼吸链功能障碍的模型常被应用于PD的相关研究,以复制PD的神经病理学特征[33]。有研究发现,鱼藤酮可通过引起转基因线虫zc Is9;ot Is181线粒体损伤,导致线粒体稳态失衡,进而诱发线虫异常死亡及DA能神经元退化,而Von Hippel- Lindau(VHL)综合征的抑制剂VH298能减少鱼藤酮导致的PD线虫异常死亡,可通过保护DA能神经元而改善由DA能神经元丢失所致的运动和觅食行为异常,为VHL抑制剂治疗PD提供了一定的理论基础[34](图1)。以上多项研究提示,线粒体呼吸链功能障碍与PD的发病密不可分。
已有研究显示,约有20种PD易感基因(如PRKNSNCA等)可参与线粒体自噬和线粒体功能的调控过程,这些基因突变导致的遗传性PD患者会出现线粒体自噬通路损伤和线粒体功能障碍。
PRKN基因大小为1.3Mb,定位于6号染色体上,其编码的蛋白质Parkin包含465个氨基酸残基。1988年的研究显示,PRKN基因突变会增加散发性、早发性PD的发生风险。PD相关的PRKN基因突变可影响线粒体自噬和mtDNA,导致线粒体自噬受损。PRKN突变使受损线粒体增多,黑质中DA能神经元丧失,最终导致PD的发生(表2)。研究发现,PRKN缺乏会造成线粒体自噬受损,导致mtDNA释放,从而引发炎症;白细胞介素-6(IL-6)是一种促炎细胞因子,线粒体自噬受损和随后的mtDNA释放导致IL-6水平升高,与PRKN基因突变相关PD的发病机制有关。Borsche等[35]发现,PRKN/PINK1双等位基因突变相关PD的临床特点为发病年龄更早、病程更长、嗅觉障碍减少。
PINK1基因定位于1号染色体,其突变可导致常染色体隐性遗传性PD。2004年的研究显示,PINK1基因突变可消除PINK1基因对细胞的保护作用,导致细胞应激增加。线粒体蛋白PINK1突变的相关研究提示了线粒体功能障碍与PD发病机制的联系。PINK1基因突变可导致细胞线粒体呼吸水平降低、ATP合成减少及PD细胞培养模型的α-syn增高。研究发现,线粒体膜电位丧失可造成PINK1在膜上积累并磷酸化Parkin蛋白,进而导致线粒体自噬。PINK1在线粒体自噬方面表现尤为突出,当PINK1发生突变时,会破坏线粒体生物学的多个部分,从而使线粒体发生功能障碍,导致受损线粒体得不到有效清除,进而引发DA能神经元的死亡,最终造成PD的发生[36](表2)。
2003年,DJ-1基因(又称PARK7基因)被发现是常染色体隐性遗传性早发性PD综合征(AREP)的致病基因之一。DJ-1蛋白含189个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量约为20×103。DJ-1蛋白的功能包括转录调节、抗氧化反应以及分子伴侣和线粒体调节[37]。DJ-1能对氧化应激作出反应并防御线粒体损伤。研究显示,DJ-1突变可影响线粒体合成ATP及自噬的过程,且其突变发生在DA能神经元细胞时,可造成线粒体的过度自噬,导致神经元供能不足,引发DA能神经元死亡(表2)。
GBA基因位于1号染色体短臂端,编码溶酶体的β-葡萄糖脑苷脂酶(GCase)。1996年,GBA基因突变患者被发现具有进行性PD的特征。研究显示,GBA基因突变引起的GCase表达量及酶活性降低造成溶酶体功能障碍,是导致PD的主要原因之一;其主要影响自噬和伴侣介导自噬过程,导致聚集的α-syn无法清除,最终影响神经元的正常生理活动。GBA突变不仅使α-syn得不到有效清除,还会造成神经元线粒体功能障碍,导致神经元无法维持正常生理功能[38]
氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)是受到较多关注的一种PD发病机制。通常情况下,ROS的产生和消除是协调一致的,以维持氧化还原状态,一旦该平衡被打破,就会诱发OS,继而可能发生PD等疾病[39-40]
OS由过量的ROS引起,这是促氧化和抗氧化稳态失衡的结果[41]。鱼藤酮能通过氧化应激途径使小鼠脑黑质中α-syn聚集,从而导致DA能神经元损伤。尸检结果显示,PD患者黑质部位存在严重的OS,如游离铁离子增多,线粒体复合体Ⅰ功能受损,大量被氧化损伤的脂质、蛋白质和DNA,使之出现PD综合征的表现。这些都提示OS与PD的发生及进展密切相关。超氧化物、过氧化氢(H2O2)和高活性羟基自由基是哺乳动物细胞中主要的ROS,可破坏包括核酸、脂质和蛋白质在内的大分子,导致DA能神经元变性和神经网络功能障碍,最终发展为PD[42]。因此,抑制正常氧化还原机制所导致的OS与神经元变性在PD研究中非常重要。目前通过抗氧化治疗PD的研究越来越多,盐酸多奈哌齐片联合司来吉兰片可抑制OS,降低ROS自由基的生成,阻止DA能神经元的变性坏死[43];雷沙吉兰可防止自由基损伤,对运动缺陷有较好的效果[44];姜黄素可促进沉默信息调节因子3的表达,清除小胶质细胞源性ROS,从而保护DA能神经元[45]。此外,关于具有抗氧化作用的中药材及天然抗氧化剂的研究也十分丰富,如茶多酚可抗氧化,抑制α-syn聚集,调节蛋白激酶信号通路,保护脑组织[46];美多芭也具有良好的抗氧化作用,可清除自由基,缓解PD患者的症状[47];樟芝多糖可提高抗氧化酶的含量,明显改善PD小鼠的认知和运动行为[48];枸杞多糖能有效减轻PD小鼠中脑OS损伤,对黑质致密部DA能神经元起保护作用[49-50];硫酸化茯苓多糖可减少H2O2的产生,保护脑神经元细胞[51];淫羊藿素可通过抗氧化而保护神经元免受MPP+诱导的神经毒性作用[52];银杏叶提取物可改善脑内OS,保护黑质DA能神经元[53]
目前OS在PD发病机制中的作用受到越来越多的关注,了解OS相关信号通路与PD的关系,有助于寻找新的治疗靶点。
Nrf2是参与细胞氧化还原反应调节的转录因子。Nrf2可通过介导氧化还原途径调节抗氧化酶及基因表达,增加细胞对OS的抗性,已有研究提示其可作为PD的治疗靶点[54]。研究发现,在6-OHDA模型中,Nrf2-抗氧化响应元件(antioxidant response element,ARE)通路对毒素诱导的PD可发挥保护作用;OS发生后,Nrf2释放并转移到细胞核中与ARE结合,导致星形胶质细胞中的14,15-环氧化二十碳三烯酸(14,15-EET)激活Nrf2-ARE通路发挥抗氧化作用[55]。von Otter等[56]的研究显示,由NFE2L2基因编码的转录因子Nrf2是细胞抵御OS的重要调节因子,NFE2L2蛋白变异与特发性PD的发病机制有关。齐献忠等[57]报道,过表达含有Src同源结构域2的衔接蛋白(SHC)3能够保护PD的OS损伤,其机制与激活AKT/Nrf2/GSH通路有关。尿酸可促进Nrf2的积累,从而抑制OS和神经元细胞死亡,对PD发挥神经保护作用[58]
TLR4在调节转录因子激活蛋白-1 (AP-1)中起重要作用;AP-1是一种氧化还原敏感转录因子,可介导众多基因对OS等多种生理和病理刺激的反应。研究显示,在MPTP模型中TLR4-敲除(KO)小鼠DA能神经元中AP-1表达下降、ROS减少、TH阳性DA能神经元减少,可缓解PD小鼠的运动障碍,提示TLR4在PD发病机制中起关键作用[59-61]。CYP2J蛋白存在于人类和啮齿动物大脑区域的神经细胞中,大脑中CYP2J水平增高可延缓由炎症或神经毒素引发的PD的病理进展;TLR4信号通路激活可抑制大脑CYP2J导致的星形胶质细胞中抗氧化系统的下调。以上研究提示,TLR4与OS密切相关。
LRRK2基因是PD较为常见的常染色体显性遗传致病基因。LRRK2基因突变是晚发性PD常见的遗传原因,约占PD总数的3%。近期研究显示,部分家族性和散发性PD也与LRRK2基因突变有关(表3)。
LRRK2是一种大蛋白,由2527个氨基酸残基组成,具有多个结构域[62]。研究发现,LRRK2相关的发病机制涉及多个信号通路和细胞过程,如自噬、线粒体动力学等[63]。LRRK2处于关键位置,主要功能包括摄取α-syn、溶酶体加工和释放并参与致病性α-syn的传递。研究发现,LRRK2在调节TH纹状体通路特别是纹状体DA释放中起着至关重要的作用[64];一些受LRRK2突变影响的PD患者不存在路易体;野生型LRRK2可能在OS刺激下成为促凋亡因子。Mendivil-Perez等[65]报道,LRRK2突变体使OS易感性提高,导致细胞死亡增加。目前LRRK2基因突变相关PD的针对性治疗措施主要为应用LRRK2激酶抑制剂或致力于降低LRRK2的表达。LRRK2激酶抑制剂(如IN-1、CZC-25146、DNL201、MLi-2等)可通过抑制激酶的活性,终止或减缓PD患者的运动障碍和神经化学表型的进展,这些激酶抑制剂中,有多种正处于临床试验阶段[66-67]。降低LRRK2表达的措施主要是应用反义寡核苷酸(如化合物BIIB094、ION859)绕过外周效应且阻断中枢神经系统中LRRK2的活性,这类化合物可减少LRRK2的表达,降低靶细胞中激酶的活性,缓解DA能细胞丢失,进而改善运动障碍(图2)[68]
在PD患者中已确定多种基因在线粒体稳态或线粒体自噬中发挥作用,而LRRK2可能与包含这些基因的通路子集相交。野生型LRRK2的过度表达可增强 Drp1介导的线粒体断裂。活性异常的LRRK2也可能会聚集在线粒体,以依赖激酶的方式介导神经元毒性。研究显示,LRRK2突变可影响线粒体的轴突运输,进而影响线粒体功能,在PD的发病机制中起重要作用,但目前LRRK2激酶抑制剂还无法挽救这一缺陷[69-70]。在没有神经元丢失的情况下,突变的LRRK2会损害DA神经传递,而较高水平的LRRK2表达可通过异源启动或病毒递送导致小鼠和大鼠的DA能神经元死亡[71]。以上研究提示,由LRRK2基因突变触发的线粒体功能障碍是PD发病的重要因素,这对探索PD的新治疗措施有重要意义。
研究显示, LRRK2约有20多个突变位点与PD相关,其中G2019S、N1437H、R1441C是目前研究较多的突变位点。
G2019S突变相关的PD患者发病与年龄的相关性研究显示,50岁以上的G2019S突变者PD发病率呈线性增长。2005年,p.G2019S被发现是LRRK2的常见突变,溶酶体缺陷会对细胞健康和存活产生影响,并最终导致细胞死亡,PD是这种功能障碍的结果。LRRK2 G2019S突变可增强激酶活性,进而损害自噬过程,导致α-syn在体外和体内大量积累。LRRK2 G2019S突变使溶酶体增大,导致溶酶体功能受损,且与PD基因相关的溶酶体ATP酶ATP13A2在LRRK2 G2019S小鼠和人的脑样本中表达增多,提示与PD相关的LRRK2以激酶依赖的方式干扰溶酶体功能[72](表3)。多数学者认为溶酶体功能受损与多种神经退行性疾病具有一致的特征,因此如何干扰溶酶体功能并纠正这种功能障碍的发生机制,是未来相关研究的努力方向[73]
研究发现,位于LRRK2蛋白的一个复杂蛋白(ROC)GTPase结构域内的PD相关N1437H突变会导致其激酶域异常过度激活。目前认为ROC GTPase结构域是理解LRRK2功能及其致病机制的关键。大多数PD相关的LRRK2突变可导致激酶活性增高,提示这种过度激活与PD的发病机制有关[74]。2004年,安德烈亚斯·普施曼等对N1437H突变的PD患者进行了首次脑DNA神经病理学研究,结果显示黑质中的细胞几乎完全丢失,且脑干中有α-syn阳性病变,皮质中存在少量的路易体[75-76](表3)。
在与PD相关的LRRK2突变中,R1441C突变的发生率仅次于G2019S突变。2004年的研究发现,携带R1441C突变的PD患者病理学表现为黑质中DA能细胞死亡。研究发现,R1441C转基因小鼠出现晚发性DA能神经元死亡和运动功能障碍等PD表型[77];p.R1441C携带者、p.G2019S携带者和散发性PD之间的临床表现具有相似性,如发病年龄分布、临床特征等[78](表3)。
综上所述,导致DA能神经元变性的α-syn、线粒体功能障碍、OS、LRRK2基因突变等因素均与PD的发病有密切联系。目前对于PD的发生机制研究十分广泛,取得了很大进展,但相关的临床研究还十分匮乏。当前PD的治疗以对症治疗为主,面对不同的治疗靶点往往需要具体问题具体分析。例如,以α-syn为靶点治疗PD时,主要措施是抑制α-syn的聚集、传递及其异常折叠,进而促进α-syn消除;以线粒体功能障碍为治疗目标时,主要措施是恢复线粒体功能、增加线粒体的生物活性;专注于抗氧化治疗时,主要措施是抑制氧化损伤和抑制细胞凋亡;以LRRK2为靶点治疗PD时,主要措施是抑制LRRK2激酶活性或减少LRRK2的表达。然而研究显示,PD的多种致病因素往往相互作用、相互联系而共同致病,使相关研究的难度增大。因此,针对PD作用机制和治疗的研究不能仅着眼于单个靶点。PD治疗药物的研发需要更多地关注于多途径、多靶点的研究,如筛选既可抑制氧化应激、也能保护线粒体功能的化合物等。因此,探明PD的发病机制,研究如何阻止黑质DA能神经元变性,对于PD治疗研究的进一步推进有重要意义。
  • 山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(2019年)
  • 山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2021-142)
  • 山西省晋中市科技重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(Y213004)
  • 山西中医药大学青年科学家培育计划项目(2021PY-QN-03)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Reeve AK, Ludtmann MH, Angelova PR, et al. Aggregated α-synuclein and complex I deficiency: exploration of their relationship in differentiated neurons[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2015, 6(7): e1820.
[2]
Bachhuber T, Katzmarski N, McCarter JF, et al. Inhibition of amyloid-β plaque formation by α-synuclein[J]. Nat Med, 2015, 21(7): 802-807.
[3]
Obeso JA, Stamelou M, Goetz CG, et al. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy[J]. Mov Disord, 2017, 32(9): 1264-1310.
[4]
Yang X, Yang PH. Mechanism of multimodel visual exploration disorder in Parkinson's disease based on an infrared eye movement system[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2022, 47(4): 382-389.
杨旭, 杨培红. 基于红外眼动系统探讨帕金森病多模式视觉探索障碍的发生机制[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2022, 47(4): 382-389.
[5]
Wong YC, Krainc D. α-synuclein toxicity in neurodegeneration: mechanism and therapeutic strategies[J]. Nat Med, 2017, 23(2): 1-13.
[6]
Zaltieri M, Grigoletto J, Longhena F, et al. α-synuclein and synapsin III cooperatively regulate synaptic function in dopamine neurons[J].J Cell Sci, 2015, 128(13): 2231-2243.
[7]
Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Bekei B, et al. Structural disorder of monomeric α-synuclein persists in mammalian cells[J]. Nature, 2016, 530(7588): 45-50.
[8]
Bliederhaeuser C, Grozdanov V, Speidel A, et al. Age-dependent defects of alpha-synuclein oligomer uptake in microglia and monocytes[J]. Acta Neuropathol, 2016, 131(3): 379-391.
[9]
Olsen LK, Cairns AG, Ådén J, et al. Viral mimetic priming enhances α-synuclein-induced degeneration: implications for Parkinson's disease[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2019, 80: 525-535.
[10]
Nash Y, Schmukler E, Trudler D, et al. DJ-1 deficiency impairs autophagy and reduces alpha-synuclein phagocytosis by microglia[J]. J Neurochem, 2017, 143(5): 584-594.
[11]
Hua J, Yin N, Xu S, et al. Enhancing the astrocytic clearance of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by ginkgolides attenuates neural cell injury[J]. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 39(7): 1017-1028.
[12]
Mao X, Ou MT, Karuppagounder SS, et al. Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6307): aah3374.
[13]
Lee B H, Lee M J, Park S, et al. Enhancement of proteasome activity by a small-molecule inhibitor of USP14[J]. Nature, 2010, 467(7312): 179-184.
[14]
Wu Y, Liang SL, Xu B, et al. The protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Ed), 2018, 47(5): 480-486.
吴忧, 梁顺利, 徐彬, 等. 姜黄素保护帕金森病多巴胺能神经元的机制研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2018, 47(5): 480-486.
[15]
Paumier KL, Luk KC, Manfredsson FP, et al. Intrastriatal injection of pre-formed mouse α-synuclein fibrils into rats triggers α-synuclein pathology and bilateral nigrostriatal degeneration[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2015, 82:185-199.
[16]
Xu ML, Zhang F, Zhang Y, et al. Difference of intestinal microflora in Prnp-SNCA-A53T transgenic mice with Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Exp Anim Sci, 2021, 29(3): 284-292.
徐美玲, 张帆, 张瑜, 等. Prnp-SNCA-A53T帕金森病转基因小鼠肠道菌群差异[J]. 中国实验动物学报, 2021, 29(3): 284-292.
[17]
Wu T, Liu L, Li Z, et al. Genome-wide methylation sequencing analysis of the midbrain of Parkinsonian model mice with mutant A53T α-synuclein gene[J]. J Sun Yat-sen Univ (Med Ed), 2020, 41(1): 53-59.
吴婷, 刘琳, 黎昭, 等. 转突变型A53Tα-突触核蛋白基因的帕金森模型小鼠中脑的全基因组甲基化测序分析[J]. 中山大学学报(医学版), 2020, 41(1): 53-59.
[18]
Guo ML, Gao YY, Zhang QX, et al. Effect of Aβ1-42 oligomer on autophagy function of SH SY5YA53T cells overexpressed with α-syn [J].Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, 2019, 45(7): 422-426.
郭曼莉, 高玉元, 张晴曦, 等. Aβ1-42寡聚体对α-syn过表达SH SY5YA53T细胞自噬功能的影响[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志, 2019, 45(7): 422-426.
[19]
Ren CZ, Zhang M, Li W, et al. Effect of Ginkgolide B on α-synuclein expression in MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2021, 37(12): 1551-1554.
任传忠, 张敏, 李玮, 等. 银杏内酯B对MPP+诱导的帕金森病SH-SY5Y细胞模型中α-synuclein表达的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2021, 37(12): 1551-1554.
[20]
Hua J, Yin N, Yang B, et al. Ginkgolide B and bilobalide ameliorate neural cell apoptosis in α-synuclein aggregates[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 96: 792-797.
[21]
Song N, Wang HJ, Li HB, et al. Establishment of a rat model of Parkinson's disease with mutation of human α-synaptonucle-oprotein A30P[J]. Chin J Exp Anim Sci, 2018, 26(5): 567-573.
宋娜, 王海军, 李宏彬, 等. 建立人α突触核蛋白A30P突变的帕金森病大鼠模型[J]. 中国实验动物学报, 2018, 26(5): 567-573.
[22]
Cai NN, Jiang Y, Zhu WQ, et al. Effects of α-synaptic nucleoprotein A30P mutation on hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis in mice[J]. Chin J Veterin Med, 2020, 40(4): 748-753.
蔡宁宁, 姜禹, 朱文倩, 等. α-突触核蛋白A30P突变对小鼠海马齿状回神经发生的影响[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2020, 40(4): 748-753.
[23]
Zhang XM, Anwar S, Kim Y, et al. The A30P α-synuclein mutation decreases subventricular zone proliferation[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2019, 28(14): 2283-2294.
[24]
Kiely AP, Ling H, Asi YT, et al. Distinct clinical and neuropathological features of G51D SNCA mutation cases compared with SNCA duplication and H50Q mutation[J]. Mol Neurodegener, 2015, 10: 41.
[25]
Lesage S, Anheim M, Letournel F, et al. G51D α-synuclein mutation causes a novel parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome[J]. Ann Neurol, 2013, 73(4): 459-471.
[26]
Khalaf O, Fauvet B, Oueslati A, et al. The H50Q mutation enhances α-synuclein aggregation,secretion,and toxicity[J]. J Biol Chem, 2014, 289(32): 21856-21876.
[27]
Porcari R, Proukakis C, Waudby CA, et al. The H50Q mutation induces a 10-fold decrease in the solubility of α-synuclein[J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(4): 2395-2404.
[28]
Tang FL, Erion JR, Tian Y, et al. VPS35 in dopamine neurons is required for endosome-to-golgi retrieval of Lamp2a, a receptor of chaperone-mediated autophagy that is critical for α-synuclein degradation and prevention of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease[J]. J Neurosci, 2015, 35(29): 10613-10628.
[29]
Tang FL, Liu W, Hu JX, et al. VPS35 deficiency or mutation causes dopaminergic neuronal loss by impairing mitochondrial fusion and function[J]. Cell Rep, 2015, 12(10): 1631-1643.
[30]
Santos D, Esteves AR, Silva DF, et al. The impact of mitochondrial fusion and fission modulation in sporadic Parkinson's disease[J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2015, 52(1): 573-586.
[31]
Zheng B, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, et al. PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2010, 2(52): 52ra73.
[32]
Golpich M, Amini E, Mohamed Z, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and treatment[J]. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2017, 23(1): 5-22.
[33]
González-Casacuberta I, Juárez-Flores DL, Morén C, et al. Bioenergetics and autophagic imbalance in Patients-Derived cell models of Parkinson disease supports systemic dysfunction in Neurodegeneration[J]. Front Neurosci, 2019, 13: 894.
[34]
Zha Q, Gao XD, Chen S. Effect of VHL inhibitor on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans induced by rotenone in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Chin Pharmaceut Univ, 2021, 52(3): 346-351.
查倩, 高向东, 陈松. VHL抑制剂对鱼藤酮所致帕金森病秀丽隐杆线虫模型的影响[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2021, 52(3): 346-351.
[35]
Borsche M, König IR, Delcambre S, et al. Mitochondrial damage-associated inflammation highlights biomarkers in PRKN/PINK1 parkinsonism[J]. Brain, 2020, 143(10): 3041-3051.
[36]
Ando M, Fiesel FC, Hudec R, et al. The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin kinase activity[J]. Mol Neurodegener, 2017, 12(1): 32.
[37]
Maita C, Maita H, Iguchi-Ariga SM, et al. Monomer DJ-1 and its N-terminal sequence are necessary for mitochondrial localization of DJ-1 mutants[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1): e54087.
[38]
Li H, Ham A, Ma TC, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations[J]. Autophagy, 2019, 15(1):113-130.
[39]
Bai J, Zheng S, Jiang D, et al. Oxidative stress contributes to abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in two hyperlipidemia models[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(10): 13193-13200.
[40]
Huang XC, Li H, Wang BH, et al. Protective effect of lidocaine on PC12 cells in Parkinson's disease model and its mechanism[J]. J Jilin Univ (Med Ed), 2022, 48(3): 638-647.
黄笑尘, 李浩, 王保华, 等. 利多卡因对帕金森模型PC12细胞的保护作用及其机制[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2022, 48(3): 638-647.
[41]
Biswas SK. Does the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation explain the antioxidant paradox?[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 2016: 5698931.
[42]
Ding Y, Xin C, Zhang CW, et al. Natural molecules from Chinese herbs protecting against Parkinson's disease via anti-oxidative stress[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2018, 10: 246.
[43]
Pan KD, Chen WA, Fang H, et al. Clinical study of Donepezil hydrochloride tablets combined with Selegiline tablets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 33(8): 690-693.
潘可达, 陈为安, 方慧, 等. 盐酸多奈哌齐片联合司来吉兰片治疗帕金森病的临床研究[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2017, 33(8): 690-693.
[44]
Sarkar S, Raymick J, Imam S. Neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies against Parkinson's disease: recent perspectives[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2016, 17(6): 904.
[45]
Cheng BC, Bai HY, Zheng SR, et al. Protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra induced by rotenone[J]. Chin J General Med, 2016, 19(12): 1462-1466.
程宝仓, 白宏英, 郑世茹, 等. 姜黄素对鱼藤酮诱导的黑质多巴胺能神经元损伤的保护作用[J]. 中国全科医学, 2016, 19(12): 1462-1466.
[46]
Zeng XS, Sun ST, Chen L, et al. Research progress of the neuroprotective effect of tea polyphenols in Parkinson's disease[J]. J Xinyang Norm Univ (Nat Sci), 2017, 30(3): 504-508.
曾宪思, 孙姝婷, 陈磊, 等. 茶多酚在帕金森病中的神经保护作用研究进展[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 30(3): 504-508.
[47]
Wu Y, Wang XS, Zhang L, et al. Study on the antioxidant effect of metoba in patients with Parkinson's disease[J]. J Clin Neurol, 2015, 28(6): 431-433.
吴艳, 王小姗, 张丽, 等. 美多芭对帕金森病患者抗氧化效应的研究[J]. 临床神经病学杂志, 2015, 28(6):431-433.
[48]
Yang Y, Zhang XL, Wang YP, et al. Effects of antrodia camphora polysaccharide on the behavior and antioxidant damage/anti-inflammatory ability of 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, 2017, 34(7): 969-972.
杨毅, 张晓玲, 王琰萍, 等. 樟芝多糖对6-OHDA构建的帕金森小鼠模型的行为及抗氧化损伤/抗炎能力的影响[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2017, 34(7): 969-972.
[49]
Yu GH, Pei WX, Sun HJ, et al. Research progress on the neuroprotective mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides[J]. Chin J Exp Form, 2018, 24(9): 213-219.
于国华, 裴纹萱, 孙慧娟, 等. 枸杞多糖的神经保护作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2018, 24(9): 213-219.
[50]
Chen H, Zhang H, Jie SL, et al. Antioxidation and neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on mice with Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Neuropsychiatr Dis, 2018, 44(10): 613-618.
陈浩, 张皓, 洁师亮, 等. 枸杞多糖对帕金森病小鼠的抗氧化作用和神经保护效应[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志, 2018, 44(10): 613-618.
[51]
Gao GZ, Wu C, Shan LL, et al. Effects of sulfated poria polysaccharide on antioxidant capacity of brain tissue of Parkinson's disease model rats[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmac Ther, 2016, 21(4): 384-388.
高贵珍, 吴超, 单玲玲, 等. 硫酸化茯苓多糖对帕金森模型鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2016, 21(4): 384-388.
[52]
Zhou XY, Ba ZS, Zhu L, et al. Effects of Icariin on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease[J]. Pharmacol Clin Trad Chin Med, 2019, 35(5): 176-180.
周新宇, 巴智胜, 朱丽, 等. 淫羊藿素在帕金森病模型中抗线粒体功能障碍与抗氧化应激机制的研究[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2019, 35(5): 176-180.
[53]
Zhang H, Ma HQ, Wang XJ. Ginkgo biloba extract exerts protective effects on the brain of rats with Parkinson's disease by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway[J]. J Shenyang Pharmac Univ, 2018, 35(8): 675-679, 695.
张辉, 马惠清, 王晓娟. 银杏叶提取物通过激活Nrf2-ARE信号通路对帕金森病大鼠发挥脑保护作用[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 2018, 35(8): 675-679, 695.
[54]
Chen Q, Li SD, Liu Y, et al. Role of Nrf2 and its antioxidant damage pathway in Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Trad Chin Med, 2017, 35(10): 2575-2579.
陈琦, 李绍旦, 刘毅, 等. Nrf2及其抗氧化损伤通路在帕金森病中的作用[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2017, 35(10): 2575-2579.
[55]
Li Y, Wu J, Yu X, et al. The protective role of brain CYP2J in Parkinson's disease models[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018: 2917981.
[56]
von Otter M, Bergström P, Quattrone A. Genetic associations of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 variants with Parkinson's disease-a multicenter study[J]. BMC Med Genet, 2014, 15: 131.
[57]
Qi XZ, Xing YY, Qin HB. Overexpression of SHC3 activates AKT/Nrf2/GSH pathway to protect against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease[J]. Chin J Gerontol, 2019, 39(17): 4333-4337.
齐献忠, 邢英瀛, 秦慧兵. 过表达SHC3激活AKT/Nrf2/GSH通路保护帕金森病氧化应激损伤[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(17): 4333-4337.
[58]
Huang TT, Hao DL, Wu BN, et al. Uric acid demonstrates neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease mice through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, 493(4): 1443-1449.
[59]
Zhao XD, Wang FX, Cao WF, et al. TLR4 signaling mediates AP-1 activation in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2016, 32: 96-102.
[60]
Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R. TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model[J]. Brain Behav Immun, 2019, 76: 236-247.
[61]
Shao Q H, Chen Y, Li FF, et al. TLR4 deficiency has a protective effect in the MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2019, 40(12): 1503-1512.
[62]
Singh A, Zhi L, Zhang H. LRRK2 and mitochondria: recent advances and current views[J]. Brain Res, 2019, 1702: 96-104.
[63]
Price A, Manzoni C, Cookson MR, et al. The LRRK2 signalling system[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2018, 373(1): 39-50.
[64]
Mancini A, Mazzocchetti P, Sciaccaluga M, et al. From synaptic dysfunction to neuroprotective strategies in genetic Parkinson's disease:Lessons from LRRK2[J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14: 158.
[65]
Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Neuroprotective effect of the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor PF-06447475 in human nerve-like differentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress stimuli: implications for Parkinson's disease[J]. Neurochem Res, 2016, 41(10): 2675-2692.
[66]
Polissidis A, Petropoulou-Vathi L, Nakos-Bimpos M, et al. The future of targeted gene-based treatment strategies and biomarkers in Parkinson's disease[J]. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(6): 912.
[67]
Fell MJ, Mirescu C, Basu K, et al. MLi-2, a potent, selective, and centrally active compound for exploring the therapeutic potential and safety of LRRK2 kinase inhibition[J]. Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2015, 355(3): 397-409.
[68]
Zhao HT, John N, Delic V, et al. Erratum: LRRK2 antisense oligonucleotides ameliorate α-synuclein inclusion formation in a Parkinson's disease mouse model[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2021, 24: 1051-1053.
[69]
Hsieh CH, Shaltouki A, Gonzalez AE, et al. Functional impairment in miro degradation and mitophagy is a shared feature in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2016, 19(6): 709-724.
[70]
Thomas JM, Li T, Yang W, et al. 68 and FX2149 attenuate mutant LRRK2-R1441C-Induced neural transport impairment[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2017, 8: 337.
[71]
Yue M, Hinkle KM, Davies P, et al. Progressive dopaminergic alterations and mitochondrial abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2015, 78: 172-195.
[72]
Henry AG, Aghamohammadzadeh S, Samaroo H, et al. Pathogenic LRRK2 mutations, through increased kinase activity, produce enlarged lysosomes with reduced degradative capacity and increase ATP13A2 expression[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2015, 24(21): 6013-6028.
[73]
Kalia LV, Lang AE, Hazrati LN, et al. Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson disease[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(1): 100-105.
[74]
Hao D, Peng W, Jankovic J. The genetics of Parkinson disease[J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2017, 42: 72-85.
[75]
Huang X, Wu C, Park Y, et al. The Parkinson's disease-associated mutation N1437H impairs conformational dynamics in the G domain of LRRK2[J]. FASEB J, 2019, 33(4): 4814-4823.
[76]
Puschmann A, Englund E, Ross OA, et al. First neuropathological description of a patient with Parkinson's disease and LRRK2 p.N1437H mutation[J]. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2012, 18(4): 332-338.
[77]
Weng YH, Chen CY, Lin KJ, et al. (R1441C) LRRK2 induces the degeneration of SN dopaminergic neurons and alters the expression of genes regulating neuronal survival in a transgenic mouse model[J]. Exp Neurol, 2016, 275(Pt 1): 104-115.
[78]
Haugarvoll K, Rademakers R, Kachergus JM, et al. Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease[J]. Neurology, 2008, 70(16Pt2): 1456-1460.
2023年第48卷第8期
PDF下载
295
132
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224
  • 接收时间:2022-02-02
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-08-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-02
  • 录用日期:2022-11-17
基金
Outstanding Youth Talents Program of Shanxi Province (2019 year)
山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(2019年)
Research Project of Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-142)
山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2021-142)
Key Science and Technology R&D Project of Jinzhong(Y213004)
山西省晋中市科技重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(Y213004)
Science and Technology Innovation Ability Cultivation Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2021PY-QN-03)
山西中医药大学青年科学家培育计划项目(2021PY-QN-03)
作者信息
    1山西中医药大学基础医学院/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
    2山西大同大学脑科学研究所,山西大同 037009
    3复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025

通讯作者:

柴智,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0303.2023.0224
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏